中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)
一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
Julia didn't finish her homework until m__________ yesterday.
Last week they r__________ some money for their club.
My sister is afraid to go out a__________ at night.
Do you know what this road s__________ means
The n__________ on the wall says, “No photos”.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
It takes me two hours __________(finish) my homework on school days.
It is difficult __________(understand) the passage without background knowledge.
As students, we need __________(clean) our classroom every day.
Betty, can you help me __________(solve) the math problem It's so difficult.
Our lead teacher often tells us __________(not swim) in the river. It is dangerous.
Jim, would you like something __________(eat)
My classmate Dave is very funny. He often tells jokes __________(make) us __________ (laugh)．
They volunteered __________(work) as teachers in a small village.
Villagers' dream is __________(have) a road between the village and the town.
When __________(leave) for Beijing depends on the weather.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
张伟绝不会放弃学好英语的机会。
Zhang Wei would never give up the chance ________ ________ ________ ________．
他想要了解更多关于如何为“拯救中国虎国际基金会”筹钱的信息。
He wants _______ _______ more about _______ _______ _______ money for Save China's Tigers.
我姐姐决定参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者选拔。
My sister decided ________ ________ ________ for a volunteer after school reading program.
老师帮助她，使她上大学成为可能。
The teacher helped ________ ________ it possible for her ________ ________ to college.
我正在制作一些贴在学校周围的标语。
I'm making some signs ________ ________ ________ around the school.
我不知道如何打印这个文件。
I don't know ________ ________ ________the document.
当你出去的时候,不要忘记关灯。
Don't ________ ________ ________ off the lights when you go out.
我很生气,戴维建议我和我的父母谈一谈。
I was angry and David ________ ________ ________ ________a talk with my parents.
我妈妈从未期待我帮她做家务。
My mother never ________ ________ ________ ________her do housework.
上周我爸爸承诺带我去博物馆。
Last week my father ________ ________ ________ me to the museum.
四、单项选择。
A It was raining. My father asked me ________ a raincoat.
A．take B．takes C．took D．to take
—What are you going to do tonight
—I plan ________ Days of Our Past.
A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched
Harry invited me ________ with him when his parents were out of town.
A．stay B．stayed C．staying D．to stay
—Sam, don't forget ________ the book to the library tomorrow.
—OK, I won't.
A．return B．returning C．returned D．to return
—Would you like to go swimming with me, Tom
—Sorry, but our teachers always tell us ________ in the river.
A．don't swim B．not swimming C．not to swim D．to not swim
Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided ________ his own restaurant.
A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening
—Excuse me. Do you know ________？
—Sorry, I don't know, either.
A．how to check out a book B．when will the concert begin
C．that there is a bank near here D．how long the meeting would last
We'll do what we can ________ the sick man.
A. to help B. help C. helps D. helped
—Mario, your mobile phone is ringing.
—Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us ________ it while crossing the street.
A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered
As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital ________ them up.
A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheering D. cheered
五、语法填空。
Bill, a thirteen-year-old boy, thought he had grown up to be a man. But his parents told him, “You won't be a real man until you begin to think about 1.__________(help) others.”
One morning, his parents gave him some money 2.__________(buy) some milk for them. Outside the shop, he saw a homeless old man who looked very sick. Bill went to him and asked, “What's wrong 3.__________ you ” The old man answered, “I'm hungry. I haven't had any food for two days.” At the thought of his 4.__________(parent) words, Bill said to the old man, “Let's go to the restaurant.”
5.__________ they got there, Bill asked the waiter to bring out some bread and coffee to the old man. The old man finished the meal 6.__________(quick). After the waiter took away the plate and the cup, the old man said, “Sorry for giving you so 7.__________(many) trouble. I'm fine now. I'll never forget your 8.__________(kind)! You are a very good young man.”
Bill was happy when he 9.__________(hear) this. Just when he wanted to pay for the meal, the waiter came. Bill and the old man learned in surprise that the meal was free 10.__________ it was the birthday of the boss, and they were the first customers(顾客) that day.
六、阅读理解。
On Feb. 12, Dalian (not his real name) was taking a train to Changsha, Hunan, for a business trip. While on the train, he went into a carriage(车厢). He didn’t know that the carriage was only for people heading for Wuhan.
When the train arrived in Wuhan, Dalian was asked to get off, as he was in the special carriage. Although he was surprised, he got off the carriage with just a single bag.
Because of the epidemic, Wuhan had been locked down. So Dalian couldn’t find a hotel to stay in. Feeling at a loss, he saw a notice online looking for volunteers to work in hospitals. Dalian decided to give it a try.
He soon became a volunteer in Wuhan No.1 Hospital. He was responsible for(对……负责) taking out the rubbish, sweeping the floor, disinfecting(消毒) the hospital, dealing with used protective suits(防护服) and bringing meals to patients.
The young man, reportedly from northeast China, had to work 12 hours every day, changing his protective suit three times a day. While working, he couldn’t drink anything or go to the bathroom. He also had to have close contact with infected patients, which is risky(冒风险的).
“When I entered the wards(病房), I was kind of frozen(僵硬的) and felt like I couldn’t move,” he said. But after he saw more patients get better, his fear gradually went away.
Dalian′s story has gone viral(走红的) online. People were surprised by his experience, and described him as having “a heart of gold”.
Dalian decided to work in a hospital because .
A.he ran out of money B.he couldn’t find a hotel to stay in
C.he was once a volunteer D.he wanted to become a doctor
What′s the meaning of the underlined word “infected” in Paragraph 5
A.被处罚的 B.被表扬的 C.被感染的 D.被感动的
What does this passage try to tell us
A.Everybody should be a volunteer.
B.We must protect ourselves all the time.
C.We should be thankful to medical workers.
D.Everyone can fight the virus(病毒) in their own way.
参考答案
一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
midnight raised alone sign notice
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
to finish to understand to clean (to) solve not to swim
to eat to make; laugh to work to have to leave
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
to learn English well to know/learn; how to raise to try out
to make; to go to put up how to print
forget to turn advised me to have expects me to help
promised to take
四、单项选择。
D C D D C
C A A B A
五、语法填空。
helping to buy with parents' When
quickly much kindness heard because
六、阅读理解。
B C D
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共39张PPT)
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A 2d＆Grammar Focus-4c
人教新目标版 八年级下
Do you often help others
What we can do to help others in our dialy life
Free talk！
Lead in
We can also be a volunteer to help others.
Who are they What are they doing
If we are volunteers,
we’d like to
we hope to
we could
we volunteer to
we want to
we plan to
visit the sick kids in the hospital and cheer them up.
help to clean up the street.
help children with their homework.
help the old people cross road.
give our old books to “Hope School”.
help the traffic police.
Lead in
Presentation
Let's read !
1. Where’s Helen going to work this summer
2. What did Tom do to help the old people
3. Do you think we have to care for the old Why or why not
She’s going to work in an old people’s home.
Reading the newspaper or just talking to the old people.
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions.
Yes. They are lonely and need our care.
2d
Role-play the conversation.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people's home this
summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with
Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to
them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for
them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
制定一些计划
在养老院
help (sb.) out 分担……工作；帮一把；帮助（某人）摆脱困境
talk to sb.与某人交谈。
tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事。
used to 曾经…；过去…
孤独的。
listen to sb. 听某人的话。
照顾
Read again and Role-play the conversation.
Pair work
Fill in the blanks according to the conversation in 2d.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m ________________ to work in this
summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to with
Tom: Mm... reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to
them. They told me stories about the past and how things .
Helen: That sounds .
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are . We should listen to them and_______
them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
an old people’s home
help out
things like
used to be
interesting
lonely
care for
making some plans
Grammar Focus
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
Please circle the infinitives structures.
I’d like to do sth.
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
Language points
动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
基本形式：to＋动词原形，有时to可以省略；
否定形式：not to＋动词原形。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
Point
动词不定式的用法
Point
Language points
1. 做动词宾语。常见动词有would like, want, help, learn, hope, decide, volunteer。
eg：We don’t want to spent too much money. 我们不想花费太多钱。
He decided to help the homeless. 他决定帮助无家可归者。
2. 作宾语补足语。常见动词有 ask, want, tell, invite, like, hate。
eg：Mr. Li asked the students to copy the text.
李老师让学生们抄写课文。
The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river.
老师总是告诉我们不要在河里游泳。
3. 动词不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开，也可以放在句尾。
eg：To get there on time, they started early.
为了准时到达那里，他们很早就出发了。
Jack turned his head around to look at people. 杰克转过头看向人群。
4. 动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。
eg：To know oneself is difficult. 人能自知，实属不易。
To learn English is very important for me 对我来说学英语很重要。
Language points
6. 动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。
eg：My duty is to look after the animals. 我的职责是照顾动物。
My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家.
eg：Who was the first one to arrive 谁是第一个到达的？
I have many letters to write. 我有许多信要写。
I don't have time to go there. 我没有时间去那里。
5. 动词不定式作表语，通常是说明主语的内容是什么，性质，特征等。
Language points
动词不定式需要注意的几个问题
Point
Language points
不定式（短语）作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。主要有三种情况。
1
It is +名词 + to do sth.
eg：It’s our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾好老人是我们的责任。
It takes sb. +some time + to do sth.
eg：It takes us two hours to finish the work.
我们需要两个小时才能完成这项工作。
It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, right, wrong...) (+for/of sb.)+to do sth.
eg：It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.只用手抓鱼并不容易。
It is very important for young people to master two foreign languages.
It is clever of you to do that. 你这样做很聪明。
feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。
2
eg：I find it necessary to have breakfast. 我觉得有必要吃早餐。
I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the boring work.
我认为对我们来说，在烦闷的工作之后好好休息是有必要的。
Language points
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语不定式通常不带to，这样的动词主要有三看 ( see, watch, notice )、三让( let, make, have )、二听( hear, listen to )、一感觉( feel )。
eg：Did you notice her leave the house 你注意到她离开家了吗？
I saw her get into the car. 我看见她上了车。
His parents make him sweep the floor.他的父母让他扫地。
The teachers often help us (to) solve problems.
老师们经常帮助我们解决问题。
【注意】：动词不定式在help后作宾补时，可带to也可不带to。
3
Language points
4
Language points
动词不定式前可与疑问词 [how／what／when／where／which／whose（＋名词）] +动词不定式，意为“应该如何做／何时做／何地做／做哪些事……”。在句子里作主语，宾语，表语等，注意why后的不定式不带to。
eg：I don't know what to do next. 我不知道接下来做什么.（作宾语）
We haven’t decided where to go for lunch.
我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。（作宾语）
Where to go is not decide yet. 去哪儿还没有决定。（作主语）
【注意】：可以单独使用，相当于一个特殊疑问句
eg：What to do next = what will you to do next 下一步怎么办？
Why go there =Why do you go there 为什么去那里？
Exercise
练习：用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She expects______________(arrive) tomorrow.
2. Let's______________(watch) talk shows tonight.
3. They hope______________(visit) the Great Wall next year.
4. Do you plan______________(find) a part-time job
5. When do you want______________(go) swimming
6. My uncle often helps me______________(learn) English.
to arrive
watch
to visit
to find
to go
(to) learn
Grammar Focus
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
Please circle the phrasal verbs.
短语动词
Point
Language points
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
动词+副词
Point
该类短语动词有时相当于及物动词，有时相当于不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其后的宾语是名词时，宾语可放在副词前，也可放在副词后；若宾语是代词，则只能放在动词和副词之间。
eg：He turned off the light when he left. 当他离开时，他把灯关了。
He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来并递给了我。
They gave the names of the winners out. 他们说出了获胜者的名字。
cheer up 振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净 give up 放弃 put off 推迟
take away 拿走 fix up 修理 turn down 调低；拒绝
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
Language points
动词+介词
Point
此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。
eg：Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。
He doesn't agree with me. 他不同意我。
She is looking at the picture. 她正在看照片。
Zhu Tao always laughs at his brother. 朱涛总是嘲笑他的兄弟。
look after 照顾 look at看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
Language points
动词+副词+介词
Point
此类短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有自己的宾语。宾语只能放在介词之后。
eg：He gets along well with his classmates. 他与他的同学相处得很好。
We ran out of oil. 我们的油用完了
She came up with a new idea . 她想出了一个新办法。
catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出
look forward to 期望 run out of 用完，耗尽
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
Language points
动词+名词+介词
Point
这类短语动词只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度；宾语总是位于介词之后。
eg：It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate. 取笑你的同学是不礼貌的。
We could make better use of our resources.
我们可以更好地利用我们的资源。
make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾 make friends with 与……交往
此类短语有很多，需要积累：
Language points
4a
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital
until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary schools to ask
if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to ________
sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________
notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______
the money from the sale to homeless people.
be busy with... 忙于，后接名词或代词
put off
call up
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
Exercise
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Exercise
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _______ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _____ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ______ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us.
be worried about 为……担心
to make
to do
to help
in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间
help move do make visit spend
Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _______ our free time. For example, we can make plans _______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
为……筹款
to spend
to visit
to move
Exercise
4c
Exercise
Complete the sen4tences with your own ideas. Use infinitives. (答案仅供参考不唯一）
1. I’d like to volunteer __________________________________________.
2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend ____________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help __________________________________.
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want___________________________.
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me(not)_____________________.
to help kids with their homework
子夜；午夜
to play soccer together next day
(to) make the notice
to go camping with my friends
独自；单独
not to travel too far
Summary
动词不定式
want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn; choose, agree, help; hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start
形式：to+动词原形(to有时省略)，否定：not to+动词原形
没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语
概述
用法
作宾语
谓语动词用单数
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage
作宾补
作目的状语
作定语
作表语
作主语
可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾
通常放在所修饰词之后
短语动词
类型及用法
相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语(须位于介词后)
可看作及物动词，名词可位于之间或之后，代词只能位于中间
有的也可看作不及物动词
动词+介词
动词+副词
动词+副词+介词
动词+名词+介词
Summary
Language points
1. They tole me stories about the past and how things used to be. (教材P10 2d)
used to 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
used to 曾经……；过去……
Point
eg：He used to be a teacher. 他曾经是一名教师。
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses. 他过去不戴眼镜。
【拓展】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。
eg：Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
Language points
2. ①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (教材P10 2d)
②I want to travel alone. (教材P12 4c)
lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 alone adv. 独自；单独
Point
lonely 形容词 意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法） 意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语 alone 副词 意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法） 强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。
形容词 意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 eg：The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
At a dark night, a man came to a lonely village.
The boy was very shy, and he was alone all the time.
Language points
3. We should listen to them and care for them. (教材P10 2d)
care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。look after
……well = take good care of……意为“好好照顾……”。
care for 照顾；非常喜欢
Point
eg：The mother cared for the sick child day and night.母亲日夜照顾生病的孩子。
care做动词时,意为“在意;担忧;关心”，其后可接从句。care about意为“关心;在意”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
eg：I don't care what they say. 我不管他们怎么说。
She doesn't really care about her clothes. 她其实并不在乎自己的衣服。
Everyone should care about environment. 每个人都应当关心我们的环境。
He only cares about money. 他只在乎钱。
4. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. (教材P12 Grammar Focus)
eg：At the Spring Festival, people put up “Fu” on doors or windows.
春节时，人们在门窗上贴上“福”。
Language points
put up 张贴；悬挂
Point
put up
建造；搭建
【拓展】 put up的其他常用含义：
提出(建议等)
举起
He went camping with us and taught us how to put up a tent.
Put up your hand if you know the answer.
I’d like to put up an idea for the task.
5. I’d like to help homeless people. (教材P12 Grammar Focus)
homeless意为“无家的,无家可归的”,它是home加否定后缀-less构成的,-less常用来构成形容词,意思是“无……的,不能……的”。类似的词有:
use + less→useless(无用的) hope + less→hopeless(无望的)
care + less→careless(粗心的) help + less→helpless(无助的)
end + less→endless(没完没了的)
eg：The homeless are pathetic. 这些无家可归的人是悲惨的。
This is a useless knife.The handle has broken.这是把没用的小刀。刀把坏了。
Language points
homeless 无家的,无家可归的
Point
6. I’m too busy with my studies this year. (教材P12 4a)
be busy with sth.表示“忙于做某事”,with后要接名词性的词或短语。相当于be busy doing sth. (不可用to do sth.)。
Language points
be busy with sth. 忙于做某事
Point
eg：He is busy doing his homework.=He is busy with his homework.
他正忙于做作业。
【拓展】busy作形容词意为“忙的”,反义词为free。busy在打电话中是指“占线”。
eg：I’m sorry,sir;the line is busy. 对不起先生,电话占线。
7. we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. (教材P12 4b)
raise作及物动词，意为“筹集，征集”。
Language points
raise 筹集，征集
Point
eg：They want to raise enough money to build a school.
他们想筹集足够的钱来建一所学校。
raise
举起，抬起
饲养
种植
Please raise your hands! 请举起手！
Their family raised a lot of corn. 他们家种了许多玉米。
She likes to raise a dog. 她喜欢养狗。
Homework
1. Review the use of "Phrasal verbs" and " Infinitives".
2. Make sentences with infinitives, no less than five.
3. Preview the new words and phrases in Section B (1a-1e).
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)导学案
学 年 2022年度第一学期 科目 八年级英语 课题 Unit1 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 八年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 2-3
学习目标 对动词不定式的用法进行归纳总结，掌握其规则。 通过不同方式的练习，来熟练运用本单元出现的词组及动词不定式。
重 点 掌握和运用动词不定式的用法。 掌握动词不定式作不同的句子成份。
难 点
教师寄语 Many hands make light work (众人拾柴火焰高)
自主预习 一、写出下列短语的汉语意思。 make some plans_________________help out_________________________talk to sb._______________________tell sb. sth.______________________used to do sth.____________________listen to sb.______________________be worried about__________________in one’s free time_________________raise money for___________________travel alone_____________________
二、写出下列句子的汉语意思。 I’m making some plans to work in an old people's home this summer. ________________________________________________________________They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. ________________________________________________________________We should listen to them and care for them. ________________________________________________________________I’d like to help homeless people. ________________________________________________________________You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. ________________________________________________________________She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. ________________________________________________________________I’m making some signs to put up around the school. ________________________________________________________________I’m too busy with my studies this year. ________________________________________________________________Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. ________________________________________________________________we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. ________________________________________________________________
精讲点拨 They tole me stories about the past and how things used to be. used to 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。 eg：He used to be a teacher. 他曾经是一名教师。 He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses. 他过去不戴眼镜。 【拓展】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。 eg：Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now. 马里奥现在习惯了在动物医院做志愿者。 ①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. ②I want to travel alone. lonely形容词意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法）意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语alone副词意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法）强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。形容词意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。
eg：The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely. At a dark night, a man came to a lonely village. The boy was very shy, and he was alone all the time. I’m too busy with my studies this year. be busy with sth.表示“忙于做某事”,with后要接名词性的词或短语。相当于be busy doing sth. (不可用to do sth.)。 eg：He is busy doing his homework.=He is busy with his homework. 他正忙于做作业。 【拓展】busy作形容词意为“忙的”,反义词为free。busy在打电话中是指“占线”。 eg：I’m sorry,sir;the line is busy. 对不起先生,电话占线。 动词不定式 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。 基本形式：to＋动词原形，有时to可以省略； 否定形式：not to＋动词原形。 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 做动词宾语。常见动词有would like, want, help, learn, hope, decide, volunteer。 eg：We don’t want to spent too much money. 我们不想花费太多钱。 He decided to help the homeless. 他决定帮助无家可归者。 作宾语补足语。常见动词有 ask, want, tell, invite, like, hate。 eg：Mr. Li asked the students to copy the text. 李老师让学生们抄写课文。 The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river. 老师总是告诉我们不要在河里游泳。 动词不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开，也可以放在句尾。 eg：To get there on time, they started early.为了准时到达那里，他们很早就出发了。 Jack turned his head around to look at people. 杰克转过头看向人群。 动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。 eg：To know oneself is difficult. 人能自知，实属不易。 To learn English is very important for me 对我来说学英语很重要。 动词不定式作表语，通常是说明主语的内容是什么，性质，特征等。 eg：My duty is to look after the animals. 我的职责是照顾动物。 My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家. 动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。 eg：Who was the first one to arrive 谁是第一个到达的？ I have many letters to write. 我有许多信要写。 I don't have time to go there. 我没有时间去那里。 短语动词 短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。 动词+副词 该类短语动词有时相当于及物动词，有时相当于不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其后的宾语是名词时，宾语可放在副词前，也可放在副词后；若宾语是代词，则只能放在动词和副词之间。 eg：He turned off the light when he left. 当他离开时，他把灯关了。 He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它捡起来并递给了我。 They gave the names of the winners out. 他们说出了获胜者的名字。 动词+介词 此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。 eg：Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 He doesn't agree with me. 他不同意我。 She is looking at the picture. 她正在看照片。 Zhu Tao always laughs at his brother. 朱涛总是嘲笑他的兄弟。 动词+副词+介词 此类短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有自己的宾语。宾语只能放在介词之后。 eg：He gets along well with his classmates. 他与他的同学相处得很好。 We ran out of oil. 我们的油用完了 She came up with a new idea . 她想出了一个新办法。 动词+名词+介词 这类短语动词只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度；宾语总是位于介词之后。 eg：It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate. 取笑你的同学是不礼貌的。 We could make better use of our resources. 我们可以更好地利用我们的资源。
检测小结 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子 Jenny lives _________(独自) in Shanghai. She must be _________(孤独的). The sports stars played a football game to _________(募集) money for the poor children. Sally studied until _________(午夜) yesterday. We should try our best to help the _________(无家可归的人). Did you read the _________(通知) about the Christmas party 二、完成句子。 那个男孩经常在班里帮着分发作业。 The boy often helps __________________ homework in the class. 我发现学好英语并不容易,所以我们一定要更加努力地学英语。 I found it not easy __________________. So we must study it harder. 他不知道下一步该做什么。你能告诉他吗 He has no idea __________________ next. Could you tell him 他们要我们一到医院就去使那些生病的孩子们高兴起来。 They asked us __________________ the sick kids as soon as we got to the hospital. 苏珊上周去华盛顿看望了她的表姐琳达。 Susan went to Washington to __________________ her cousin Linda last week. 三．单项选择。 It’s important for us ________ a healthy lifestyle. A.to keep B.keep C.keeping D.kept The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something ________ it. A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.protected ________the project as planned, they need to work two more hours a day. A.To finish B.Finishing C.Finish D.To be finished The villagers plan ________ a new bridge over the river. A.build B.building C.to build D.built Our city is cleaner than it ________ be. A．is used to B．used to C．uses to D．is used
参考答案
学 年 2022年度第一学期 科目 八年级英语 课题 Unit1 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 八年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 1-3
学习目标 对动词不定式的用法进行归纳总结，掌握其规则。 通过不同方式的练习，来熟练运用本单元出现的词组及动词不定式。
重 点 掌握和运用动词不定式的用法。 掌握动词不定式作不同的句子成份。
难 点
教师寄语 Many hands make light work (众人拾柴火焰高)
自主预习 一、写出下列短语的汉语意思。 制定一些计划。分担……工作；帮助摆脱困境与某人交谈。告诉某人某事。曾经…；过去…听某人的话。为……担心在某人的空闲时间为……筹款独自旅行
二、写出下列句子的汉语意思。 我计划今年夏天在一家养老院工作。他们给我讲了过去和过去的故事。我们应该倾听他们，关心他们。我想帮助无家可归的人。你可以要求医院让你去看望孩子，让他们高兴起来。她每周在那里做一次志愿者，帮助孩子们学习阅读。我正在学校周围帖一些标志。今年我学习太忙了。今天的大多数人只担心找到好工作赚大钱。我们可以制定计划去医院看望生病的孩子，或者为无家可归的人筹款。
检测小结 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子 alone; lonelyraisemidnighthomelessnotice
二、完成句子。 (to) hand outto learn English wellwhat to doto cheer upvisit
三．单项选择。 ACACB
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