课件43张PPT。Unit2
The Olympic GamesWarming upStep1: BrianstormingHow much do you know about the Olympic Games ?AsiaEuropeAfricaAmericaOceaniaThe five rings stand for friendship of five continents.1. What do the five Olympic rings stand for?SwifterHigherStronger2. What is the motto（格言，口号）of the Olympic Games?Emblem
会徽3. Do you recognize them? The Olympic Torch
火炬Olympic Medals
奖牌medalsgoldsilverbronze
Olive Wreathathletecompetitorstadiumgymnasium (gym)Speak out the English names of the following sports as quickly as possible!
basketballfootballrunningfencingweight-liftingshooting divingswimminggymnasticsbadmintontable tennis110m hurdle racecyclingskatingSkiingCompetitionHow much do you know about the Olympic Games?Step 3Quiz about 1. When did the ancient Olympic Games start?
A. 1896 B. 1906 C. 776 BC3. What was the prize for the winners in ancient
Olympic Games?
A. Metals B. Medals C. Olive wreath2.Where did the ancient Olympics start?
A. Rome B. Greece C. the U.S.A6. Who was China’s first gold medal winner and for what event?
Li Ning, gymnastics
Xu Haifeng, shooting
C.Fu Mingxia, diving
5. What was rewarded to the winners in modern Olympic Games?
A. Metals B. Medals C. Olive wreaths
4. When and where did the modern Olympics start?
A. 1896 Olympia B. 1896 Athens
C. 1900 Athens
7. How often are the Olympic Games held?
A. Every four years B. Every five years
C. Every three years
8. What will be the host city of 2016 Olympics?
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil B. Sydney, Australia
C. New York, USA
PausaniasHave an interviewinterviewer
采访者Interviewee
被采访者LiYanReading: An InterviewParagraph 1:
1.Who was Pausanias?
2.Who is Li Yan?
3. How and why have Pausanias come to modern times?He was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago. He is a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic
Games.He has come on a magical journey on March18th,2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games.Answer the following questions and
summarize the text according to your answers.
What’s the writing style of this passage?
Do the ancient Olympics and modern Olympics have anything in common?It is written in a conversational style. Yes, they have. Step 1 : Fast reading and summary3. Is there any difference between them?
Summary:
Written in a _______________ style, the passage tells us ____________ and ____________ between_______________________.
Yes, there are. conversational similarities differences the ancient and modern Olympic games Read the passage and find out : What are Pausanias’s questions?
(1) How often do you hold your Games?
(2) How can the runners enjoy competing in winter ?
(3) Do all the athletes come from the Greek world?
(4) Where are all the athletes housed?
(5) Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?
(6) Do you compete for prize money ?Step 2 : Careful readingresponsibilityhonorSwifter, Higher and Strongerfasterhigherfurtherevery four years.skiingice skatingrunning raceAn Interviewall over the worldWomen special villagetwoevery four years.moneyhonorSwift The similarities between ancient and modern OlympicsHigher Stronger Men runningjumping summerwintersummerGreece The differences between ancient and modern Olympicscountries Men Olive wreathmedalsmoremenwomenThe Olympic Games are the biggest sports meeting in the world, which include two kinds, the ________ and the ______ Olympics. Both of them are _____ every _____ ____. All countries can take part if their athletes reached the _____________ to the games. Summary of the interviewSummerWinterheldfour yearsagreed standardWomen are not only _______ to join in but playing a very _________ role. A
______ ______ is built for the competitors to live in, a ________ for competitions, a large swimming pool, a __________ as well as seats for those who watch the games.
It’s a great _____ to host the Olympic Games. The Olive wreath has been ________ by medals. allowedimportantspecial villagestadiumgymnasiumhonorreplacedBut it’s still about being able to run ______, jump ______ and throw _______.swifterhigherfurther
Write a composition about your favorite sports or sports star.
Homework帕萨尼亚斯是2000年前的一位希腊作家，他在2007年3月18日作了一次魔幻旅行，来打听当代奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在他正在采访一位2008年奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。
帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，并且我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解有关当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。我可以问你一些有关现代奥林匹克运动会的问题吗?
李：天哪！你真的来自那么久远的年代？当然，你可以问你想问的问题。你想知道什么呢？
采访帕：你们的奥运会多久举办一次？
李：每四年一次。运动会主要有两种——夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。这两种运动会都是每四年举行一次。冬季奥运会总是在夏季奥运会的前两年举行。只有达到它们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。选手可以来自世界任何一个地方。
帕：冬季奥运会？冬天，运动员怎么享受比赛啊？又怎么可能赛马呢？
李：噢，不！冬奥会并不包括跑步和骑马比赛。但有像滑冰和滑雪这类需要冰雪的比赛项目，所以才叫它冬季奥运会。跑步、游泳、划船和一些团体项目是在夏季运动会上进行。帕：我明白了。之前你说邀请来的运动员来自世界各地，你指的是希腊世界？我们希腊各个城市之间曾经为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
李：现在只要他们的运动员足够优秀，任何国家都能参赛。总共有250多个运动项目，每个项目都有其自己的标准。妇女不仅允许参加比赛，而且她们还在体操、竞技和团体赛等项目中起着非常重要的作用…‥
帕：请等一下！所有那些项目，所有那些国家，甚至妇女也都参加！所有这些参赛的人住在哪里呢？
李：每届奥运会有一个特殊的村庄（奥运村）供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。帕：那听起来要花很多钱吧。会有人想承办奥运会吗？
李：事实上，每个国家都想抓住这个机会。被选中不但要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样地激烈。2008年的奥运会将在中国举办，你知道吗？
帕：是的，听说过！你一定很自豪。
李：当然。那么2012年的奥运会将在伦敦举行。他们现在已经开始筹划。在伦敦的东部将建立新的奥运村和所有的运动场。当然还会设计新的奖牌…‥
帕：你刚才说奖牌是吗？就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！天哪，你们也为奖金而竞赛吗？李：不，不是的。其宗旨仍然是为了能够跑得更快，跳得更高，掷得更远。你知道，奥运会的口号就是“更快，更高，更强”。
帕：那是个好消息。太有趣了！占用了你的时间，非常感谢。Thank you for your attention!课件8张PPT。Unit2 单元检测答案compete vi. 比赛；竞争
_____________ n. 比赛；竞争
___________ n. 竞争者
___________ adj. 竞争的；比赛的
2. Greece n. 希腊
_______ adj.&n. 希腊（人）的；希腊语的; 希腊人；希腊语
3. magic adj. 魔术的；有魔力的
_________ n. 魔术
_________ n. 魔术师
4. regular adj. 规则的；定期的
adv. __________（反义词）_________
5. basis n. 基础；根据 _________ v. 以…为基础competitionGreekmagicmagicianregularlycompetitorcompetitiveirregularbase6. admit v. 容许；承认；接纳
___________ n. 准许进入；承认
___________(admit过去式)________ (过去分词)
7. host n. &v. 主人；做东；主办
_______ n.女主人
8. responsibility n. 责任；职责
_________ adj. 有责任的
9. swift adj. 快的；迅速的；
____________ adv.
10. similarity n. 相似性；相似点
___________ adj. 相似的
11. advertise v. 做广告；登广告
______________ n. 广告admissionresponsibleswiftlysimilaradvertisementadmittedhostessadmitted12. hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的
___________ n. 希望
___________ adj. 有希望的；充满希望的
___________ adv. 有希望地
___________ adv. 没有希望地；绝望地
13. foolish adj. 愚蠢的；傻的
_______ n.
14. pain n. 疼痛；痛苦
_________ adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的
hopehopelesslyfoolpainfulhopefulhopefully1.参加…比赛(P9,2)
2.参加（活动）(P9,3)
3.代表；象征(P9,7)
4.过去常常(P9,L6)
5.每四年(P10,L13)
6.定期（P10，L14)
7.达到统一标准(P10.L15)
8.被接纳为/被允许进入(P10,L16)
9.全世界
10.在…扮演一个角色
/在…起作用(P10,L30) compete in
take part in
stand for
used to do
every four years
on a regular basis
reach the agreed standard
be admitted as/to
9. all over the world
10. play a role/part in…
11.也；又(P10,L35)
12.事实上，实际上(P10,L37)
13.巨大的责任(P10，L38)
14.极大的荣誉(P10，L39)
15.主管；看管(P12,L8)
16. 如此…以至于
17. 与…达成协议/
和…讨价还价（P14,L6)
18. 捡起；用车载某人
19一个接一个（P15)
20.值得做某事（P15）
11. as well
12. as a matter of fact
13. a great responsibility
14. a great honour
in charge (of)
so…that
17. make a bargain with sb
18. pick up
19. one after another
20. deserve to do sth.三：语法填空：
admission 2.competitors 3.responsible
4.regularly 5.physical 6.be allowed
7.as 8. advertisers 9. magical 10.with,for
11. swiftly 12.hopeless 13.foolish 14.fined
15.marriage四：句子考察：
1. as well as
2. deserve having a rest/break.
3. is in charge of
4. have been married, every two weeks
5. play an important part
6. as much pain as happiness
7. The athlete is not interested in concert, nor am I .
8. It’s very cold today. That’s why I am late for the
class.
Book2 Unit2 基础检测题
一. 考纲词汇。
古代的 (adj.)__________
比赛;竞争(vi.)__________
竞争者(n.)_________
奖章;勋章;纪念章(n.) _________
吉祥物(n.)____________
希腊(n.)___________
希腊(人/语)的(adj.)
希腊人;希腊语(n.)____________
巫术的;有魔力的(adj.)____________
志愿者;志愿兵(n.)
志愿的；义务的(adj.)
自愿(vt.&vi.)_____________
祖国;本国(n.) ____________
规则的;常规的(adj.)__________
基础;根据（n.）_______(pl.)___________
运动员;运动选手（n.）_______
容许;承认;接纳(vt.&vi.)________
奴隶(n.)__________
现今;现在(adv.)_____________
做东;主办;招(vt.)主人(n.)___________
责任;职责(n.)__________
取代;替代;代替(vt.)__________
座右铭;格言;警句(n.)___________
快的;迅速的(adj.)_________
相似性;相似点(n.)__________
23. 收费;控诉(vt.&vi.)主管(n.)__________
24 物理的;身体的(adj.)___________
25. 罚款(vt.)________
26. 做广告;登广告(v.)_________
27. 公主(n.)________
28. 王子(n.)___________
29. 讨价还价(vi.)便宜货(n.)__________
30. 没有希望的;绝望的(adj.)_________
31. 愚蠢的;傻的(adj.)_________
32. 疼痛;痛苦 (n.)__________
33. 应受;值得(vt.&vi.)__________ 二. 词汇拓展。
compete vi. 比赛；竞争 __________ n. 比赛；竞争_________ n. 竞争者 _________ adj. 竞
Greece n. 希腊 _______ adj.&n. 希腊（人）的；希腊语的; 希腊人；希腊语
3. magic adj. 魔术的；有魔力的 _________ n. 魔术 ____________ n. 魔术师
4. regular adj. 规则的；定期的adv. __________（反义词）______________
5. basis n. 基础；根据 _________ v. 以…为基础
6. admit v. 容许；承认；接纳 __________ n. 准许进入；承认________(admit过去式)________ (过去分词)
7. host n. &v. 主人；做东；主办_________ n.女主人
8. responsibility n. 责任；职责 ___________ adj. 有责任的 9. swift adj. 快的；迅速的； ____________ adv.
10. similarity n. 相似性；相似点___________ adj. 相似的
11. advertise v. 做广告；登广告______________ n. 广告
12. hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的___________ n. 希望__________ adj. 有希望的；充满希望的 ___________ adv. 有希望地 ___________ adv. 没有希望地；绝望地
13. foolish adj. 愚蠢的；傻的 ____________ n. 14. pain n. 疼痛；痛苦 _________ adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的
三. 重点短语。
1.参加…比赛(P9,2)
2.参加（活动）(P9,3)
3.代表；象征(P9,7)
4.过去常常(P9,L6)
5.每四年(P10,L13)
6.定期（P10，L14)
7.达到统一标准(P10.L15)
8.被接纳为/被允许进入(P10,L16)
9.全世界
10.在…扮演一个角色
/在…起作用(P10,L30)
11.也；又(P10,L35)
12.事实上，实际上(P10,L37)
13.巨大的责任(P10，L38)
14.极大的荣誉(P10，L39)
15.主管；看管(P12,L8)
16. 如此…以至于
17. 与…达成协议/和…讨价还价（P14,L6)
18. 捡起；用车载某人
19一个接一个（P15)
20.值得做某事（P15
四：语法填空：
1.How about a visit to the museum? The __________ is free. (admit)
2. Those players, in other words, the ____________are sure to win the ____(compete).
3. Tom is _______________ (responsibility) for the loss of the football match.
4. We have monthly exam _____________ (regular) .
5. Running is one of the ______________ (physics) exercise for me.
6. Nobody will _________ (allow) to enter the stadium without a ticket.
7. Every four years athletes all over the world are admitted ______ competitors..
8. In order to attract more customers, __________ (advertise) have developed every possible simulative factor in making ads.
9. They think that Father Christmas has a __________ (magic) tour for many children.
10.Greek cities used to compete _________ each other ________ the honor of winning.
11. A swallow flew by ___________.(swift)
12. To raise the cattle there seemed risky or even ___________.(hope)
13. It was ___________to take the test without preparation. (fool)
14. Drivers will be ________________(fine) for their speeding.
15. His first __________(marry) ended after five years.
五：句子考查
1.Computers have many advantages_______ _____ ________ disadvantages.(也)
2. After all that hard work, I think we _________ _______ ________ __________.(值得休息一下)
3. My father is an engineer. He _____ _____ _______ ________ the project (负责).
4. Tom and Lucy _______ _________ __________ for ten years (结婚), but they still quarells _______ __________ __________. (每两周)
5. Computers _______ _____ ________ ________ in our daily life.（起重要的作用）
6. life is filled with ____________________________. (同样多的痛苦和快乐)
7. 那位运动员对音乐会不感兴趣，我也是。
8. 今天很冷, 这就是我上课迟到的原因.
被动语态的基本用法
一：主动语态和被动语态概说
英语的语态分____________和_________。 __________ 表示主语是动作的执行者。
__________ 则表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词___+________”构成：
Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。
( ________语态)
He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。
( ________ 语态)
三：被动语态构成：be+P.P
一般现在时： am / is / are done
一般过去时： was / were done
现在进行时： am / is / are being done
过去进行时： was / were being done
现在完成时： have / has been done
过去完成时： had been done
一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done
过去将来时：would be done
当句中含有情态动词时，被动语态为： 情态动词 （can / must） + be done
三：被动语态的构成：
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：
_________________________
①世界各地都有人讲英语。
_________________________________________________________________
② 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。
___________________________________________________________________
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：
_________________________
① 他被带到了警察局。
_________________________________________________________________
② 这座房子是10年前建的。
________________________________________________________________
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：
______________________
① 不久这里将建一栋新楼。
__________________________________________________________________
② 会议将于今天下午2点举行。
__________________________________________________________________
(4) 过去将来时的被动语态：
_______________________________
① 他说会议将于下周举行。
__________________________________________________________________________
(5) 现在完成时的被动语态：
_________________________
① 所有的工作现在都做好了。
______________________________________________________________________
② 信都寄了吗？
______________________________________________________________________
(6) 过去完成时的被动语态：
________________________
① 他说工作已完成了。
________________________________________________________________________
(7) 现在进行时的被动语态：
_________________________
① 我的表正在由他修理。
_________________________________________________________________________
② 计划现在正在讨论。
______________________________________________________________________
(8) 过去进行时的被动语态：
_______________________
① 他说那个人正在动手术。
_______________________________________________________________________
② 他说正在修建一个新车站。
_________________________________________________________________________
注意：
1.They take good care of the baby.
注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。
_____________________________________________________
2.We should plant many more trees.
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +P.P.
__________________________________________________________
3.He teaches English in our school.
宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动
_________________________________________________________
4.She gave me a book.
如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前要加to/for. (pass,lend,buy,write,bring,
show,tell…)
变间宾：______________________________________________________________
变直宾：_______________________________________________________________
5.He made me do the work.
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来。（feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, look at, let，have, make,…)
______________________________________________________________
练习一：将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work ____________ __________ _______________ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk ___________ ______________ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An English song ____________ __________________ _____________ by the children. 4. You needn't do it now. It _________ _________________ _________________ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card _____________ _____________ me by Lucy last week. 6.He made me do that for him. I ____________ __________ __________ ______________that for him. 7. I have given this book to the library. This book ___________ ___________ ____________ to the library.
不用被动语态的动词：
1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, …
A traffic accident _______________(happen) just now.
2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…
Peking Opera ______________ (sound) beautiful.
3. 表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如：
School _____________ (begin) in September.
The store _______________ (open) at 7:00 every morning.
4. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:
The pen ________________ (write) very fast.
This kind of sweater _________________ (sell) well.
练习二：
1. All the students _________________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.
2. Many ways ___________(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees at present.
3. —Can I have a look at your house?
----Sorry! It ________________________(paint) now.
4. This coat _______________(wash) well.
5. Must the old people __________________(speak) to politely?
6. I’m often ______________(警告）not to copy others’ homework.
7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ________________ (消失).
8. My bike __________________(修理) tomorrow.
9. My necklace ___________________________. (已经被偷.）
10. The PRC ____________________ (成立) on October 1, 1949.
练习三: 把下列句子改为被动语态。
1. We will grow more trees next year
_________________________________________________________________________
2. The teacher will mark the students’homework tonight.
____________________________________________________________________________
3. We must finish our homework first.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. They can not find him.?
______________________________________________________________________
5. We often hear him sing in the next door.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. He always makes his sister cry .
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Mum gave me a book as a New Year present.
_________________________________________________________________________
8. My father is mending my bike now.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. The workers are repairing the main building of the school.
______________________________________________________________________________.
10. He was teaching his son when I arrived.
_____________________________________________________________________________
11. We have set up a power station in this area.
__________________________________________________________________________ 12. Somebody had cleaned my shoes when I came back.
_________________________________________________________________________
练习：本单元重点内容。
1. It is clear that London Olympic Games ___________ (hold) in 2012.
2. While many people turn to computer for news and movies, it doesn’t mean that the TV set _____________ (replace) in the near future.
3. Many chances ___________ (lose) if you don’t work hard.
4. You __________ (fine) by the police if you keep driving so fast.
5. The question is going to ____________ (discuss) by us.
6. The little girl is so pretty that she ______________ (admire) by all the people when she grows up.
7. Don’t worry about that. It ___________ (finish) next week.
8. She ___________ (meet) by her friends as soon as she arrives.
9. I hear that more than one million dollars ___________ (spend) on the project next year.
课件27张PPT。Language studyUnit 21.参加…比赛(P9,2)
2.参加（活动）(P9,3)
3.代表；象征(P9,7)
4.过去常常(P9,L6)
5.每四年(P10,L13)
6.定期（P10，L14)
7.达到统一标准(P10.L15)
8.被接纳为/被允许进入(P10,L16)
9.全世界
10.在…扮演一个角色
/在…起作用(P10,L30) compete in
take part in
stand for
used to do
every four years
on a regular basis
reach the agreed standard
be admitted as/to
9. all over the world
10. play a role/part in…
在课本 unit 2 中找出下列短语11.也；又(P10,L35)
12.事实上，实际上(P10,L37)
13.巨大的责任(P10，L38)
14.极大的荣誉(P10，L39)
15.主管；看管(P12,L8)
16. 如此…以至于
17. 与…达成协议/
和…讨价还价（P14,L6)
18. 捡起；用车载某人
19一个接一个（P15)
20.值得做某事（P15）
11. as well
12. as a matter of fact
13. a great responsibility
14. a great honour
in charge (of)
so…that
17. make a bargain with sb.
18. pick up
19. one after another
20. deserve to do sth.竞争/竞赛（vi.）_______________
竞赛（n.） _________________
参赛者（n.）__________________
有竞争的 （adj.) _____________competitioncompetecompetitor◆ compete in sth.
compete with/against sb.
compete for sth.参加…比赛 与某人竞争 为…比赛1. How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games ? (P9, Q2)competitive1. How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games ? (P9, Q2)不是所有的人都能在奥运会中参赛。
______________________________________ = _____________________________________
许多来自世界各地的运动员为金牌而竞争。 _______________________________________
3. 期末考试将至，同学们在学习上相互竞争。
_______________________________________Not everyone can compete in the Olympic Games.Everyone can not compete in the Olympic Games.A great number of athletes from all over the world compete for the gold medals.The final exams are coming, the students are competing against/with each other in study.4. Totally as much as 200 _____________ will ___________ in the coming _____________ held in Germany. (compete) competitorscompetecompetition1. How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games ? (P9, Q2)take part in, join, join in, attend的区别take part in 指参加某种活动，如体育、比赛、游戏、讨论、战斗等，并积极地起着作用。join指参加某组织并成为一员
如：the Party/ League/ army/ a club 。join in 指参加活动或游戏，和take part in 相当。但join sb. in sth/doing sth… （和某人一起做某事）,不等于take part in。attend 侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等；还可 表示照例去（某处），如上学、上教堂、参加婚礼等。并不强调参加者在活动中的作用。2. Who could not take part in the ancient
Olympic Games? (P9,Q3)1. Do you remember the day when you ______ the Party?
2. Would you ____ us ___ the ball game?
3. It was the first time that he _____________ an international meeting in London.
4. Every four years, many athletes from different countries __________________ the Olympic Games.joinedjoin inhad attendedtake part in/join in用take part in, join, join in, attend的适当形式填空It’s certain that he will win a silver ______ for racing.
He did win the first _____ in the 100 meters race.medalprize3. Who was china’s first gold medal winner… (Q5)medal 奖牌/章; prize 奖励, 获奖名;
award 奖品, 奖金; reward 报酬, 回报(3) The winner received a gold medal as an ______.
(4) A large ______ will be offered to those who find the missing ring.awardreward4. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. (L5)本句结构：
由and连接的________。
what you call “ancient Greece” 是介词in 的_______.
what 在从句中作call 的_______, 意思是：“…的地方”
原句翻译：我生活在你们称之为“古希腊”的地方…并列句宾语宾语这些幸存者来参观叫做温莎城堡的地方。
These survivors came to visit what is called
Winsor Castle.4. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. (L5)一次可怕的地震发生在过去曾经美丽的土地上。
这个演员不再是他原来的样子了。The actor is no longer what he used to be. A terrible earthquake happened in what used
to be a beautiful land.这个运动员曾经在大学里很积极。
毫无疑问你将会很快适应南方的生活。
琥珀可以用来设计珠宝。 used to do/be 过去常常做get/be used to + sth/ving 习惯于某事/做某事There is no doubt that you will get used to living in the south soon.be used to do sth./ for sth. 被用来做…Amber can be used to design jewel.The athelete used to be very active in the college.every four years= every fourth year 每四年；每隔三年
每两天，每隔一天：every two days=
every second day =every other day
这个水手愿意每三周回一次家。
医生告诉这个律师每六小时吃一次药。5… and both are held every four years on a regular basis. (P10, 14)The sailor is willing to go home every three
weeks/every third week.The doctor told the lawyer to take the medicine
every six hours.be admitted as “作为……被接受”
be admitted to/into “让……进入”To my amazement/surprise, he was admitted to Beijing University.As a matter of fact/Actually, he was admitted as a member of the club five years ago.6. …athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. （L15-16） 2.事实上，5年前他就成为这个俱乐部的会员了。1.令我惊讶的是，他被北京大学录取了。1.The robber _________(admit) his crime finally.
2. I admit that I _______________.(我错了)
I admit ____________ .
3. The maid admitted _________(steal) the necklace.
4. At last he _____________( admit )to Hong Kong University. (被录取)admittedstealingwas admittedadmit sth. / doing sth. / that-clause 承认...I was wrong my mistake2. Liu Xiang had to stop the competition. ___________________ (那是因为他的脚严重受伤了）That was because his
foot was seriously injured.7. That’s why they are called the
Winter Olympics. (P10，L21)that/this is because …这是因为 （原因）
that/this is why …这就是为什么 （结果）1. He blew up a plane. _________________________
(那就是他为什么被判了死刑)That was why he was
sentenced to death.关键时刻总是掉链子nor/neither是含有否定意义的副词,放在句首时, 引起部分倒装句，意为“同样也不”。 I can’t do it, ___________________ he.
She is not a doctor, _______________ I.
He went home, ________I.nor/neither can nor/neither am So did so +助动词／情态动词+主语…也…
nor/neither +助动词／情态动词+主语....也不……8. No other country could join in, nor could
slaves or women. 其他国家都不能参加，
奴隶和妇女也不行。(P10, L27) as well可做副词短语，意思为 “也”，放在句末。The army came to power, so the President was in trouble as well.The artist was out of job, and he lost heart as well. 9. … several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well. (P10, L35) 军队当权了，总统现在也在困境中了。
2. 这个艺术家失业了，也失去了信心。1. We ________ went to see the film.
2. I like walking, and I like watching TV, ___________.
3. He didn’t get the news, _________.
4. She ____________ her parents is leaving for the First Island.
5. He knows German ________. as well（句末）, as well as（句中）; also（句中);
too(句末）; either(句末；否定）alsotooeitheras well asas wellas ... as “与……一样”，第一个as是副词, 第二个as是连词。
1. 基本结构：as+adj./adv.原级+as
He is _____________ (与…一样壮）a horse. 2. 否定式: not as/so +adj./adv.+as
这个法官不如你想象的那样可信赖。
_____________________________.10. There’s as much competition among countries to
host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
(P10, L40)as strong asThe judge is not as/so reliable as you think. 3. as…as中间的名词可以有两种形式：
① as +many/much+n.+as
你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
You’ve made _____________________I have.?
我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。
I haven’t got ___________________I thought.
② as+ adj.+a/an+n. +as
总统和他太太一样是位好的演讲者。 。
The president is as good a lecturer as his wife.
=The president is a lecturer as good as his wife.as many mistakes asas much money as4.用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在第一个as的前面。
twice/three times/half +as…+as 这间房是那间的两倍。
This room is twice as big as that one.Yao Ming is almost twice
as tall as Jay Zhou.11. So even the olive wreath has been replaced.(P10,L49)replace “ 代替 ”，= take the place of
replace A with B 用B来换A
in place of=instead of 代替（介词短语 ） Nothing can replace / take the place of a teacher’s care and guidance.1. 没有什么能代替老师的关心和指导。
2. 我们用新的花瓶来替换旧的。
We will replace the old vase with a new one.12. Duty to be in charge and get in trouble if
things go wrong. (P12)in charge 主管
in charge of 主管， 控制(主动，主语往往是人)
in the charge of ( in one’s charge)(被动，主语一般是物) 1. John was _________________ while the manager was on holiday.
2. Class 14 is _____________________ Mr. Li.
3. Mr. Li is __________________ class 14. in chargein the charge of in charge of free no charge= for free
charge sb. for sth. 为…向某人要价4. Oh my god! They ____________________
(一杯咖啡就要了我5美元！)charge me 5 dollars for a coffee.13. She was very beautiful and could run faster
than any man in Greece. (P14,L1) 同范围比较: 比较级+ any other +名词单数
不同范围比较: 比较级+ any +名词单数China is larger than any country in Asia.
China is larger than any other country in Asia.wrongright中国比亚洲任何国家都大。14. So Atlanta made a bargain with him.
(P14,L6)bargainvi. 讨价还价，讲条件
n. 便宜货（听力常见词汇）1.You may bargain ________ the seller at the shop.
2. Just four Yuan. It is really a bargain.make a bargain with sb.
bargain with sb. 和某人讲价
a good bargain 一件便宜货
a bad bargain 一件不便宜的货和…达成协议with15. Do you think Hippomenes
deserved to win the race? (Page 15) deserve vi. 应该得到 vt.应受，值得deserve sth.值得…
deserve to do 值得（主动）…
deserve to be done ==deserve doing 应该/值得被
（被动）…1.These local people ________________.(值得我们的关心）
2.Your house deserves _______________
_____________________
( decorate) (装饰) to be decorateddecoratingdeserve our careBook2 Unit2 Language Points
在课本 unit 2 中找出下列短语
1.参加…比赛(P9,2)
2.参加（活动）(P9,3)
3.代表；象征(P9,7)
4.过去常常(P9,L6)
5.每四年(P10,L13)
6.定期（P10，L14)
7.达到统一标准(P10.L15)
8.被接纳为/被允许进入(P10,L16)
9.全世界
10.在…扮演一个角色
/在…起作用(P10,L30)
11.也；又(P10,L35)
12.事实上，实际上(P10,L37)
13.巨大的责任(P10，L38)
14.极大的荣誉(P10，L39)
15.主管；看管(P12,L8)
16. 如此…以至于
17. 与…达成协议/
和…讨价还价（P14,L6)
18. 捡起；用车载某人
19一个接一个（P15)
20.值得做某事（P15）
1.. How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games ?(P9, Q2)
竞争/竞赛（vi.） .竞赛（n.）
参赛者（n.） ,有竞争的 （adj.) _____________
compete in sth. __________________
compete with/against sb. ______________________
compete for sth._________________________
不是所有的人都能在奥运会中参赛。
______________________________________________________ = ________________________________________________________
许多来自世界各地的运动员为金牌而竞争。 ____________________________________________________
3. 期末考试将至，同学们在学习上相互竞争。
________________________________________________________
4. Totally as much as 200 _____________ will ___________ in the coming _____________ held in Germany. (compete)
2. Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games? (P9,Q3)
take part in, join, join in, attend的区别
take part in 指参加某种活动，如体育、比赛、游戏、讨论、战斗等，并积极地起着作用。
join指参加某组织并成为一员 the Party/ League/ army/ a club 。
join in 指参加活动或游戏，和take part in 相当。但join sb. in sth/doing sth… （和某人一起做某事）,不等于take part in。
attend 侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等；还可表示照例去（某处），如上学、上教堂、参加婚礼等。并不强调参加者在活动中的作用。
1. Do you remember the day when you _____________ the Party?
2. Would you _________ us ________ the ball game?
3. It was the first time that he ____________ an international meeting in London.
4. Every four years, many athletes from different countries ______________ the Olympic Games.
3. Who was china’s first gold medal winner… (Q5)
medal 奖牌/章; prize 奖励, 获奖名;
award 奖品, 奖金; reward 报酬, 回报
It’s certain that he will win a silver ____________ for racing.
He did win the first ___________ in the 100 meters race.
(3) The winner received a gold medal as an ______________.
(4) A large ____________ will be offered to whoever finds the missing ring.
4. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. (L5)
本句结构：__________________________________________
what you call “ancient greece” 是介词in 的___________________
what 在从句中作call 的_____________, 意思是：“…的地方”
原句翻译：________________________________________________
这些幸存者来参观叫做温莎城堡的地方。
_____________________________________________________________________
一次可怕的地震发生在过去曾经美丽的土地上。
_____________________________________________________________________
这个演员不再是他原来的样子了。
______________________________________________________________________
used to do/be 过去常常做
get/be used to + sth/ving 习惯于某事/做某事
be used to do sth./ for sth. 被用来做…
1. 这个运动员曾经在大学里很积极。
___________________________________________________________________
2. 毫无疑问你将会很快适应南方的生活。
__________________________________________________________________
3. 琥珀可以用来设计珠宝。
_________________________________________________________________
5. … and both are held every four years on a regular basis. (P10, 14)
every four years= every fourth year 每四年；每隔三年
每两天，每隔一天：every two days= every second day =every other day
这个水手愿意每三周回一次家。
_____________________________________________________________
医生告诉这个律师每六小时吃一次药。
_____________________________________________________________
6. only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.（L15-16）
be admitted as “作为……被接受”
be admitted to/into “让……进入”
1.令我惊讶的是，他被北京大学录取了。
_____________________________________________________________________
2.事实上，5年前他就成为这个俱乐部的会员了。
___________________________________________________________________
admit sth. / doing sth. / that-clause 承认...
1.The robber _________(admit) his crime finally.
2. I admit that I ______________________.(我错了)
I admit _____________________________ .
3. Tha maid admitted _________(steal) the necklace.
4. At last he _____________( admit )to Hong Kong University. (被录取)
7. That’s why they are called the Winter Olympics. (P10，L21)
that/this is because 这是因为 （原因）
that/this is why 这就是为什么/因此 （结果）=that/this is the reason why…
1. He blew up a plane. ___________________________________(那就是他为什么被判了死刑)
2. Liu Xiang had to stop the competition. ______________________________________ (那是因为他的脚严重受伤了)
8. No other country could join in, nor could slaves or women. 其他国家都不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不行。(P10, L27)
nor/neither含有否定意义的副词,放在句首时, 引起部分倒装句，意为“同样也不”。
I can’t do it, _______________________ he.
She is not a doctor, __________________ I.
He went home, _______________I.
so +助动词／情态动词+主语…也…
nor/neither +助动词／情态动词+主语....也不……
9. … several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well. (P10, L35)
as well可做副词短语，意思为 “也”，放在句末。
1. 军队当权了，总统现在也在困境中了。
________________________________________________________
2. 这个艺术家失业了，也失去了信心。
_______________________________________________________________-
as well（句末）, as well as（句中）; also（句中); too(句末）; either(句末；否定）
1. We ________ went to see the film.
2. I like walking, and I like watching TV, ___________.
3. He didn’t get the news, _________.
4. She ____________ her parents is leaving for the First Island.
5. He knows German ________.
10. There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. (P10, L40)
as ... as “与……一样”，第一个as是副词, 第二个as是连词。
1. 基本结构：as+adj./adv.原级+as
He is ________________________________________ (与…一样壮）a horse. 2. 否定式: not as/so +adj./adv.+as
这个法官不如你想象的那样可信赖。
This ____________________________________________________.
3. as…as中间的名词可以有两种形式：
① as +many/much+n.+as
你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
You’ve made _______________________________________I have.?
我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。
I haven’t got __________________________________I thought.
② as+ adj.+a/an+n. +as
总统和他太太一样是位好的演讲者。
_________________________________________________________________
4.用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在第一个as的前面。
twice/three times/half +as…+as 这间房是那间的两倍。
___________________________________________________________
11. So even the olive wreath has been replaced.(P10,L49)
replace “ 代替 ”，= take the place of
replace A with B 用B来换A
in place of=instead of 代替（介词短语 ）
1. 没有什么能代替老师的关心和指导。
___________________________________________________________________
2. 我们用新的花瓶来替换旧的。
_________________________________________________________________
12. Duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong. (P12)
in charge 主管
in charge of 主管， 控制(主动，主语往往是人)
in the charge of ( in one’s charge)(被动，主语一般是物)
1. John was _________________ while the manager was on holiday.
2. Class 14 is _____________________ Mr. Li.
3. Mr. Li is __________________ class 14.
free no charge= for free charge sb. for sth. 为…向某人要价
4. Oh my god! They ____________________________(一杯咖啡就要了我5美元！)
13. She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece. (P14,L1)
同范围比较: 比较级+ any other +名词单数
不同范围比较: 比较级+ any +名词单数
中国比亚洲任何国家都大.
________________________________________________________
14. So Atlanta made a bargain with him. (P14,L6)
bargain vi. 讨价还价，讲条件n. 便宜货（听力常见词汇）
make a gargin with sb.
bargain with sb. 和某人讲价
a good bargain 一件便宜货
a bad bargain 一件不便宜的货
1.You may bargain ________ the seller at the shop.
2. Just four Yuan. It is really a bargain.
15. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? (Page 15,E6,2)
deserve vi. 应该得到 vt.应受，值得
deserve sth.值得…
deserve to do 值得（主动）…
deserve to be done ==deserve doing 应该/值得被（被动）…
1.These people ________________.(值得我们的关心）
2.Your house deserves _______________________________( decorate) (装饰)
课件27张PPT。The Passive Voice
被动语态★ 英语的语态分____________和_________。
★ __________ 表示主语是动作的执行者。
★ __________ 则表示主语是动作的承受者。
由“助动词___+________”构成：
Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。
( ________语态)
He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。
( ________ 语态) 一、主动语态和被动语态概说主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 被动语态 be 过去分词 主动 被动 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
将主动语态的__________变为被动语态
的________，将主动谓语变为被动谓语
(____________)，将主动语态的主语变为
_____短语(在被动句中用作状语)：
He broke the cup.
→ ________________________________
★ 注意：若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的
by短语通常可以省略：
① 他生于1986年。 _____________________
② 这种花叫什么花？ ____________________宾语 主语 be+过去分词 by The cup was broken by him. He was born in 1986. What is this flower called? 三：被动语态构成：be+P.P.一般现在时： am / is / are done
一般过去时： was / were done
现在进行时： am / is / are being done
过去进行时： was / were being done
现在完成时： have / has been done
过去完成时： had been done
一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done
过去将来时：would be done
当句中含有情态动词时，被动语态为：
情态动词 （can / must） + be done主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(1) 一般现在时的被动语态：
_________________________
①世界各地都有人讲英语。
________________________________
② 我们在学校受到很好的照顾。
________________________________ am /is/ are+过去分词 We are taken good care of at school. English is spoken almost all over the world.主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：
_________________________
① 他被带到了警察局。
_______________________________
② 这座房子是10年前建的。
_______________________________was /were+过去分词 He was taken to the police station. The house was built ten years ago. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：
______________________
① 不久这里将建一栋新楼。
_________________________________
② 会议将于今天下午2点举行。
_________________________________A new building will be built here soon. will be+过去分词 The meeting will be held at 2:00 this
afternoon. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(4) 过去将来时的被动语态：
_____________________
① 他说会议将于下周举行。
_______________________________would be+过去分词 He said that the meeting would be
held next week. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(5) 现在完成时的被动语态：
________________________
① 所有的工作现在都做好了。
______________________________
② 信都寄了吗？
______________________________ have /has been+过去分词 All the work has been done now. Have the letters been posted? 主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(6) 过去完成时的被动语态：
________________________
① 他说工作已完成了。
_______________________________ had been+过去分词 He said the work had been finished. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(7) 现在进行时的被动语态：
_________________________
① 我的表正在由他修理。
_______________________________
② 计划现在正在讨论。
_______________________________am /is/ are being+过去分词 My watch is being repaired by him. The plan is now being discussed. 主动语态变被动语态的方法 被动语态的时态由被动结构“be+过去分词”
中的be动词来体现，其基本结构和用法如下：(8) 过去进行时的被动语态：
_______________________
① 他说那个人正在动手术。
_______________________________
② 他说正在修建一个新车站。
_______________________________was /were being+过去分词 He said that the man was being
operated on. He told me that a new station was
being built. 1.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。注意：2.We should plant many more trees.Many more trees should be planted by us.含情态动词的被动语态：
情态动词+be +P.P.这不是短期内可以完成的。
这工作必须马上做了。
________________________________This can’t be finished in a short time. The work must be done at once. 3. He teaches English in our school. English is taught in our school by him.口诀一：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。
I was given a book by her.A book was given to me by her.4. She gave me a book.口诀二：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾（人），如若变直宾，间宾前要加to/for.
(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,
show,tell…)5. He made me do the work. I was made to do the work by him.口诀三：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listen to, hear, see, watch, look at, let, have, make,…)
练习一：将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _____ _____ _____ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk __ _________ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song. An English song ____ ____ _______ by the children. 4. You needn't do it now. It _________ _____ _____ by you now. 5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ me by Lucy last week. 6. He made me do that for him. I ____ ____ ____ ______that for him. 7. I have given this book to the library. This book _____ ______ ______ to the library. can be finishedis producedwill be sungneedn’t be donewas sent towas made to dohas been givenA traffic accident ________(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become…Peking Opera ________ (sound) beautiful.sounds1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, …不用被动语态的动词：不用被动语态的动词：3. 表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如： School _______ (begin) in September.
The store _________ (open) at 7:00 every morning.beginsopens4. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:The pen _________ (write) very fast. This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well. writessells 练习二：Fill in the blanks using right forms:1. All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2. Many ways ___________(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees at present.3. —Can I have a look at your house? --Sorry! It _____________(paint) now.4. This coat _________(wash) well.9. My necklace ___________________(已经被偷.）6. I’m often _________(警告）not to copy others’ homework.7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ___________ (消失).8. My bike __________________(修理) tomorrow.5. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely?10. The PRC ____________ (成立) on October 1, 1949.were asked are triedis being piantedwashesbe spokenwarneddisappearedwill be repairedhas been stolenwas founded练习三: 把下列句子改为被动语态。 1. We will grow more trees next year
________________________________
2. The teacher will mark the students’
homework tonight.
_________________________________
3. We must finish our homework first.
_________________________________
4. They can not find him.?
_________________________________ More trees will be grown by us next year.He can not be found by them.The students homework will be marked by
the teacher tonight.Our homework must be finished first by us.
5. We often hear him sing in the next door.
__________________________________
6. He always makes his sister cry .
__________________________________
7. Mum gave me a book as a New Year
present.
__________________________________
He is often heard to sing in the next door.His sister is often made to cry by him.I was given a book by my mother as a
New Year present.8. My father is mending my bike now.
___________________________________
9. The workers are repairing the main
building of the school.
___________________________________.
10. He was teaching his son when I arrived.
____________________________________My bike is being mended by my father now.The main building of the school is being
repaired by the workers.His son was being taught by him
when I arrived.11. We have set up a power station in this
area.
__________________________________
12. Somebody had cleaned my shoes
when I came back.
__________________________________
_____________________________________My shoes had been cleaned by somebody
when I came back.A power station has been set up in this area.练习：本单元重点内容。
1. It is clear that London Olympic Games ___________ (hold) in 2012.
2. While many people turn to computer for news and movies, it doesn’t mean that the TV set _____________ (replace) in the near future.
3. Many chances ___________ (lose) if you don’t work hard.
4. You __________ (fine) by the police if you keep driving so fast. will be heldwill be replacedwill be lostwill be fined5. The question is going to ____________ (discuss) by us.
6. The little girl is so pretty that she ______________ (admire) by all the people when she grows up.
7. Don’t worry about that. It ___________ (finish) next week.
8. She ___________ (meet) by her friends as soon as she arrives.
9. I hear that more than one million dollars ___________ (spend) on the project next year.be discussedwill be admired will be finishedwill be metwill be spent课件5张PPT。词汇拓展 compete vi. 比赛；竞争
_____________ n. 比赛；竞争
___________ n. 竞争者
___________ adj. 竞争的；比赛的
2. Greece n. 希腊
_______ adj.&n. 希腊（人）的；希腊语的; 希腊人；希腊语
3. magic adj. 魔术的；有魔力的
_________ n. 魔术
_________ n. 魔术师
4. regular adj. 规则的；定期的
adv. __________（反义词）_________
5. basis n. 基础；根据 _________ v. 以…为基础competitionGreekmagicmagicianregularlycompetitorcompetitiveirregularbase6. admit v. 容许；承认；接纳
___________ n. 准许进入；承认
___________(admit过去式)________ (过去分词)
7. host n. &v. 主人；做东；主办
_______ n.女主人
8. responsibility n. 责任；职责
_________ adj. 有责任的
9. swift adj. 快的；迅速的；
____________ adv.
10. similarity n. 相似性；相似点
___________ adj. 相似的
11. advertise v. 做广告；登广告
______________ n. 广告admissionresponsibleswiftlysimilaradvertisementadmittedhostessadmitted12. hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的
___________ n. 希望
___________ adj. 有希望的；充满希望的
___________ adv. 有希望地
___________ adv. 没有希望地；绝望地
13. foolish adj. 愚蠢的；傻的
_______ n.
14. pain n. 疼痛；痛苦
_________ adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的
hopehopelesslyfoolpainfulhopefulhopefully1) Many __________(compete) will compete in the ____________ (compete).
2) Mary felt __________(hope) when her parents died.
3) The student is __________ (admit) to/into Beijing University.（这个学生被北京大学录取了）
4)There are many _____________(similar) between human beings and monkeys.competitorscompetitionhopelessadmittedsimilarities
