年 级：初二 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语
授课类型 T同步 8B Unit1 上 C专题 Present perfect tense
授课日期及时段
教学目标 掌握8B Units 1的重点单词，词组，短语和句型； 2. 掌握现在完成时的基本用法和动词过去分词的变化
教学重难点 1.8B Units 1的一词多义，同义词辨析以及动词和介词短语； 2.掌握现在完成时的基本用法
教学内容
Present Perfect Tense (
知识讲解
) 一．知识点总结 知识点1：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8) 北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northern southenwesterneasternn .northsouthwesteast
【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China. 批注：注意in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如： Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China. 标注： 北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northern southenwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn .northsouthwesteastsoutheastnorthwestnorthwestnorthwest
知识点2：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。 （1）marry: vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb marry A to B adj. 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married /A get(s) married to B n 婚姻 【例句】Some young couples got married on that day. 标注： marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把A嫁给B married adj marriage n （2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动 【常用短语】move away move into move out of 【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away. 标注：move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出... 知识点3：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。 once: adv.曾经 =used to 【例句】There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here. n.一次，一回; = one time 两次 三次 【例句】 1. I am used to doing exercise once a week.(划线部分提问） 2. I am used to doing exercise once a week.(划线部分提问） 标注：twice，three times Keys: 1.How many times are you used to doing exercise a week 2.how often are you used to doing exercise 知识点4：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。 （1）realize v. 意识到；实现= 【例句】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream. improve v 提高；改善；改进 n. 提高，改进； 【常用短语】improve living standard提高生活水平; improve your English;改善你的英语； 【例句】Do you know how to improve your memory 标注：come true improvement 知识点5: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。 此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有： 【例句】--How do you feel today --Even worse. 标注：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot; 知识点6:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。 （1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other. 常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。 【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night. as...as...和......一样 not as/ so...as...不如 【例句】他和Tom 一样高。 标注：He is as tall as Tom. 重点短语拾趣 1.熟悉…… 2.搬到另一座公寓里 3.结婚 4.在城镇的中心 5.把……变成…… 6.过去常做某事 7.倒……入…… 8.在某种程度上 9.开阔的空地 10.不时地 11.事实上 12.服务中 13.顺便问一下 14.独自 15.采访某人 16.感到寂寞 标注： 1.know...well 2. move to another flat 3. get married 4. in the centre of town 5. Turn...into 6.used to do sth 7.dump ...into... 8.in some ways 9.open space 10.from time to time 11.in fact 12.be in service 13. by the way 14.by oneself/on one's own 15. have an interview with sb 16.feel lonely (
强化练习
) 一．写出下列各词的反义词 1．regular __________ 2．easy _________ 3．useful_________ 4．able _________ 5．slowly _________ 6．polite_________ 7．colder_________ 8．better _________ 9．happiest_________ 10．healthy _________ 11.1ucky_________ Keys：unregular, hard, useless, unable, fast, impolite, warmer, worse, saddest,unlucky 二．根据旬意写出所缺单词 1．I don’t want an_______coat．I like the cheap one． 2．The twins are in the__________grade，but in___________classes． 3．All your answers are ______while mine are_______．You did much better than I． 4．There’re not many red-crowned cranes in the world．They are________ 5．It’s possible for him to finish it in an hour but，It’s ________for him to finish it in half an hour． 6．It was an _________trip because it rained heavily during the’trip． 7．He likes singing very much but he ________ it in the past． 8．To tell the truth is________，but to tell a lie is_________． 9．It’s_______，to run every morning．It’s ______to drink running water． 10. The classroom is very noisy。Ask them to be_________． Keys :1. Expensive 2. Same/different 3.right/wrong 4.indangerous 5.impossible 6.unpleasant 7.hated 8. Polite/ impolite 9. 10.quiet 三．单项选择 ( )1.We invite experts to give us talks . A.from a day and night B.from time to time C.from past to now D.from one to another ( )2.The child has come to school by bike his own. A.in B.by C.on D.of ( ) 3. The place has turned ________ a garden already. A. in B. into C. to D. for ( ) 4. He used to ____ model planes after school. Now he often plays football with his friends. A. make B. making C. be made D. being made ( )5. The old man lives _________ in a ________ house, but he doesn’t feel _________. A. alone; alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely; alone C. alone; lonely; lonely D. alone; lonely; alone Keys：BCBAC 词汇预习 3分钟时间，看谁得分最高呦！ 1.south (形容词)_____________ in the____________(south) part of the town 2.marry (形容词) _______ 结婚 get _________ 3.wife (复数) ______________ 4.poison (形容词) ________ 5.pollute (名词) ____________ 水污染_________ 空气污染____________ 6.healthy (反义词)____________ 7.lucky (反义词) ____________ （副词） 8.develop (名词) _____________ （形容词） 9.recent (副词) __________ Have you seen any exhibitions ________________(recent) 10. attract (名词)_____________ It has become a new tourist _________________(attract) 11.pleasant (反义词)______________ 12. feel (名词) _______________ I have the same ________________(feel) Keys:1.southern, southern 2.married,married 3.wives 4.poisonous 5.pollution, water pollution, air pollution 6.unhealthy 7.unlucky.luckily 8.development ,developed/ developing 9. recently, recently 10.attraction , attraction 11.unpleasant 12.feeling, feeling 5分钟时间，看谁得分最高呦！ He lives in the __________part of the city.(北方的) Everyone must try our bes to protect our ________________(环境). We should warn them not to ____________ the rivers.(污染) There have been many changes in Wuxi in the ___________years.(最近的) It is very pleasant to stay in the open space and breathe the _____________air.(新鲜的) I think we have learnt more about the past and _____________of our hometown.(现在) After reading the letter, he ______________ that he was wrong.(意识到) We shouldn’t always play jokes on those children at ______________school.(初级的) What a poor child! He hasn’t got a present from his parents _______since two years ago.(还) The doctor said they would never forget the terrible ______________(形势) after the snowstorm. My father lived with his parents till 1990, when he got ________________(marry). We all think it ______________ to talk loudly in the reading room.(polite) _____________, he missed the last bus back home yesterday.(luck) He won’t play with me any more. So I feel a little ___________(alone). This is the __________CD I have ever got. Where did you buy it (good) Keys:1.northern 2.environment 3.pollute 4.recent 5.fresh 6.present 7.realized 8.primary yet 10.situation 11.married 12.impolite 13.Unluckily 14.lonely 15.best (
回顾小结
) (
知识讲解
) 知识点1： Present perfect tense (现在完成时)项目内容备注概念◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。 Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) ◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。 Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born. Eddie has lived with Mille for four years. 构成助动词has/have +动词的过去分词 动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123）肯定形式They have finished their homework. He has finished his homework.缩略形式： they have=they’ve; he has=he’s否定形式They haven’t finished their homework. He hasn’t finished his homework. 疑问形式Have they finished their homework Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. 关键词 already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等) before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now ◇表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. ◇包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today, this month, this week等有时也用现在完成时。
知识点2：already与yet用法区别 already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。 yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。 例1： I have already worked out this math problem (改为否定句) I worked out the math problem . 解析：already与yet的转换. Key ： have not; yet 知识点3：since 和for用法区别 (1)since的用法①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008. ②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时. for的用法：for后加一段时间。 since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。 例：1.They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten years 2.We have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago. 3.I have had a cold _______ last Saturday, I have had a cold ______ 5 days. I have had a cold ______ 5 days ago. 所以：______ 5 days= ______ 5 days ago Key ：since，for, since, for, since 例1： I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday. A. for B. since C. from D. on 解析：后面的last Friday 是具体时间点，所以应该用since,选B 这里需要提醒学生虽然此题后面的last是一般过去时的时间标志，但是跟since连用之后要用现在完成时。 Key ：B 例2：( ) Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _____ us English. (2011盐城) A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach 解析：该题考查的是现在完成时标志性词since，since then自那以后，缩略形式的时间状语从句，后面是主句，主句用现在完成时. Key ：C Team work 例1：（ ）Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she ______ the film. (2013浙江湖州) A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen 解析：考查现在完成时对目前造成影响的用法。 Key：D 例2：（ ）— Look at these stamps. I _______ them for five years — Wow, they are wonderful.(2013湖南衡阳) A. kept B. have kept C. have bought D.bought 解析：for是现在完成时的标志词，for+一段时间，动词具有延续性 Key：B 例3：（ ）. — I’d like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. — Thank you, Lucy. But we ______ already. (2012河南) A. meet B. Met C. will meet D. have met 解析：already是现在完成时的标志词，该句用现在完成时 Key：D 例4：（ ）— Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina — Because I ______ it twice. (2011襄阳) A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see 解析：次数是现在完成时的标志 Key：B 例5：( ) ----Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose (2012淮安) ----Of course. I _______the film Titanic several times. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen 解析：该题考查的是现在完成时。因有several times。 Key:C 例6：( ) —Your English is good. (2012宿迁) —Thank you. I _______ it for three years. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned 解析：该题考查的是标志性词for与现在完成时。 Key:C 例7：( ) — John, you ____ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please! — OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play 解析：该题考查的是现在完成时用法。 句中有for ten hours 所以用have+done. Key：B 动词的过去分词的用法 Regular verbsIrregular verbsBase formPast participleBase formPast participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewritten
规则动词的过去分词的构成 1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如： work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited 在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如： close→closed like→liked agree→agreed move→moved 3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如： study→studied carry→carried try→tried worry→worried 4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如： stop→stopped drop→dropped 不规则动词的过去分词的构成 1. 有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如： put→put hurt→hurt become→become run→run 2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如： sit→sat win→won hold→held 3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如： lend→lent spend→spent send→sent 4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如： keep→kept sleep→slept 5. 过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如： teach→taught buy→bought 6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如： say→said pay→paid 7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如： give→given eat→eaten 还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆 (
强化练习
) 选择填空: ( )1. They______ in Beijing when they_____ married. A. live, get B. lived, have got C. lived, got D. have lived, got ( )2. Now, this small village_______ a big modern city. A. is turning into B. turns into C. has turned into D. turned into ( )3. After resting for a long time, Mr Green looks_____ than before he left the hospital. A. unhealthier B. healthier C. more healthily D. health ( )4. The doctor looked him over and said there was_____ with her. A. nothing wrong much B. much wrong nothing C. much nothing wrong D. nothing much wrong ( )5. Sorry, I haven’t finished the work_____. A. already B. before C. yet D. ever ( )6. My son_____ up yet because he _____ to bed very late last night. A. hasn’t got, has gone B. didn’t get, went C. doesn’t get, went D. hasn’t got, went ( )7. Look at that new model plane. It must_____ a lot of money. A. cost B. pay C. spend D. take ( )8. Thanks to the cleaners, the environment_____ in our city recently. A. improved B. improves C. has improved D. had improved ( )9. Since he started high school, he’s come to school by bike_____. A. on his own B. by his own C. in his own D. with his own ( )10. You’re_____ late, the meeting has been over. A. terribly B. nearly C. terrible D. near ( )11. The fans are very sorry to hear that famous actor_____ for half an hour. A. has left B. has been away C. has gone D. has gone away ( )12. I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary When and where_____ you _____ it A. have, bought B. did buy C. will, buy D. do , buy ( )13. What a nice T-shirt! How much did you_____ for it It_____ me twenty yuan. A. pay, cost B. pay, paid C. cost, pay D. cost, cost ( )14. Where is Jack Sorry, I don’t know. Go and ask his brother. He _____ know. A. can B. may C. must D. need ( )15. When you do eye exercises, you must keep your eyes_______. A. close B. closed C. open D. closing ( )16. Don’t worry, these toys are______ than those. A. safer B. more safely C. safe D. more safety ( )17. I can’t buy this coat, because it is_____ expensive. A. much B. a few C. few D. a bit ( )18. This is the most interesting story I have_____ heard. A. never B. ever C. once D. always ( )19. Every morning, he listens to English news_____ the radio. A. from B. over C. in D. to ( )20. Did Tom study at No. 8 Middle School three years _____ A. before B. after C. ago D. then ( )21. Since the students_____ here, let’s have the meeting. A. all are B. all C. are all D. all not ( )22. What did the teacher_____ Mary to_____ at the meeting yesterday A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. told, say ( )23. Don’t_____ the cat, let’s_____ some computer games. A. play, play with B. play, play C. play with, play with D. play with, play ( )24. The twin sisters_____ under the tree, chatting happily. A. lied B. are lying C. lying D. lain ( )25. The film_____ for 5 minutes. A. has begun B. has on C. has been on D. began Keys:1--5 CCBDC 6--10DACAA 11--15 BBABB 16--20 ADBBC 21--25 CADBC (
回顾小结
) (
课后作业
) 一、单项选择：（每题1分，共15分） ( ) 1 My uncle ________ in Beijing for three years. A. lives B. is living C. has lived D. will live ( ) 2. The ______ news says that Hu Jintao has gone to London ________. A. recent; recent B. recently; recent C. recent; recently D. recently; recently ( ) 3. I have ______ read that book before, but I ______ want to read it again. A. yet; don’t B. ever; haven’t C. ago; haven’t D. already; don’t ( ) 4. All the members of the club decided to ______ to Beijing. A. by plane B. on a plane C. take a plane D. take plane ( ) 5. So much for this class, class. ________, where will the conference be held tomorrow A. By the way B. In some ways C. On the way D.No way ( ) 6. There _________ some beautiful swans on the lake in summer. But now it’s hard for us to see them because of pollution problems. A. used to be B. used to have C. is used to be D. is used to have ( ) 7. I have lived here _______ many years. A. since B. for C. when D. from ( ) 8. ----Do you still write to your friends these days ----No. But I used ________ that when I was at school. A. do B. did C. done D. to do ( ) 9. Tom ________ for five years. A. married B. got married C. was married D. has been married ( ) 10. I have just ________ an interview _______ the radio. A. heard; on B. listened to; on C. listened; in D. heard; with ( ) 11. I don’t like playing _____ chess, but I like playing _________ piano. A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the ( ) 12. ----________ have you lived here ----Since last year. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far ( ) 13. We have studied at this school ______ two years ago. A. for B. since C. from D. about ( ) 14. The Nanjing Changjiang Bridge has ______ for over 50 years. A. been in use B. in use C. built D. been built ( ) 15. My grandpa lives _______, so he feels a bit ________ from time to time. A. lonely; alone B. alone; alone C. lonely; lonely D. alone; lonely Keys :1~5 C C D C A 6~10 A B D D A 11~15 D A B A D 二、根据中文提示写出单词。（每题1分，共5分） 1．Do you believe the ________ (最近的)news about the traffic accident Have you ever been to Hong Kong ________ (最近) 2．Finally，he ________ (意识到)that he failed in the exam． 3．Protecting our ________ (环境)is very important． 4．My parents both work in the ________(南方的) part of China. 5．Now there are a number of __________(工厂) in our hometown. Keys: 1．recent，recently 2．realized 3．environment 4．southern 5．factories 三、用单词适当形式填空（每题1分，共5分） 1.— the train (arrive) yet —Yes, it (arrive) ten minutes ago. 2.The bowl is empty. He (eat) the food. 3.There (be) many changes in China since 1987 4.I __________ (do) my homework already. 5.Have you been to Hong Kong __________ (recent) Keys:1 Has arrived, arrived ; 2 has eaten; 3 have been ;4 have done; 5 recently; 四、句型转换（每题1分，共5分） 1.My father was a teacher in the past.（改为同义句） My father be a teacher. 2.He has been here for two weeks.（改为同义句） He has been here two weeks . 3.Lishui has changed a lot over the years.（改为同义句） There ______ _____ many _____ in Lishui during the last years. 4.He doesn’t live here any longer. （改为同义句） He ________ ________ ________ here. 5.Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. (提问) ________ ________ ________ Eddie lived with Millie Keys:1 used to ; 2 since ago; 3 have been changes ; 4 used to live ; 5 How long has; 五、翻译句子（每题1分，共5分） 1. 顺便问一下，你去过扬州几次了？（09扬州） ________, how many times ______________ Yangzhou 2. 到目前为止你看了多少部英文电影了？(09常州) ______________________________________ so far 3. 张老师在这所学校工作已经三年了。（09宿迁） Mr Zhang __________ in this school __________ already. 4. 还是孩子时她就对表演产生过了兴趣。(2010盐城) She _____________acting ____________ she was a child. 5. 在过去的十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。(2010盐城) Great changes ______________ in China ________________. Keys: 翻译 1.By the way, have you been to 2.How many English films have you watched 3.has worked, for three years 4.has been interested in, since 5.have taken place, in the past /last ten years 六、完形填空 Computer has existed for fifty years. And computers are 1 in the daily lives. For example, they can help people 2 much time to do much work, and they can help people work out many problems people can’t do easily. Today more and more 3 have their own computers. Parents 4 computers for their children. They hope computers can help their children improve their studies in school. However, many of their children use computers to play games, watch videos and sing karaoke 5 studying. So many parent 6 that computers cannot help children study but make them fall behind. So computers are 7 in boxes by parents. In some other countries, even some scientists also 8 computers. They say computers let millions of people lose their jobs 9 bring them a lot trouble. Will computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness It will be decided by 10 . （ ）1 A. interesting B. exciting C. useful D. amazing （ ）2.A. give B. offer C. save D. waste （ ）3.A. families B. schools C. factories D. offices （ ）4.A. have B. give C. send D. buy （ ）5.A. instead of B. instead C. with D. together （ ）6.A. complain B. explain C. talk D. tell （ ）7.A. closed B. locked C. broken D. left （ ）8.A. own B. make C. hate D. like （ ）9. A. as B. and C. but D. for （ ）10.A. yourselves B. ourselves C. itself D. myself Keys: CCADA ABCBB 本文讨论了电脑广泛使用的好坏处。 词汇补充：work out解决，算出 fall behind落后 bring trouble.带来麻烦。 阅读理解 A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany (德国）. In his dream he was walking in the forest when two men ran out and tried to throw him to the ground. He ran as fast as he could, but they followed him, he reached a place where he saw two roads in front of him, one is to the right and the other is to the left. Which road should he take He heard the two men behind him getting nearer, and at the same time he heard in a voice his ears. It told him to go to the right, and so he did. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel,(旅馆)He was treated kindly and given a room. That was the dream. Twenty years later, he was really in the Black Forest, and as happened in the dream long ago. Two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran away just like the dream. He remembered the dream and took the road to the right. He got to the hotel, he was safe. His dream of twenty years before had saved his life. ( )1. The Black Forest is . A. a place in China B. a place in Germany C . a place in Britain D. I don’t know ( )2. When he was walking in the forest, ran after him. A. two dogs B. two tigers C. two men D .two women ( )3. Finally he came to . A. a forest B. another road C. another dream D. a small hotel ( )4.It was that saved the man’s life 20 years later. A. a voice(声音) B. the dream C. someone else D. the forest ( ) 5.The story tells us that . A. a dream may come true some time later B. a dream is always a dream C. people should not believe their dreams D. people should always believe dreams Keys ：BCDBA 八、语法填空 Hi, everyone. Do you know how to be 1. （health） “Health”means eating well, getting enough exercise and having 2. healthy lifestyle. Here are some rules you should follow. First, eat different kinds of food, especially fruit and vegetables. You may just want to eat your favorite food, but you’d better eat something different. If you eat different kinds of food, you will 3. (probable) get more nutrients(营养物质) your body 4. (need). Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you really need to drink something, milk is the best choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you 5. (much) calcium（钙）than others. You should drink at least three cups of milk when you are 9 years old or older. You'd better try to have drinks 6. little sugar Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full When your stomach is full, stop 7. (eat). Or it will make you become fat. 8. unhealthy. 9. (four), be active(积极的). One thing you’d like to do is to take part in your favorite activities. Find ways to be active every day. Follow these 10. (rule) and I am sure that you can be a healthy kid. 1 healthy 2、a 3、 probably 4、need 5、more 6、or 7、eating 8、and 9、fourth 10、rules 九、补全短文。 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从下面方框中的选项中,选择适当的选项补全短文。 Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 1 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 2 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 3 The following methods may work best for you. ● Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. ● Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. ● Write your notes in your own words. ● 4 ● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. A.Use words not complete sentences. B.There are three practical note-taking methods. C.First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. D.Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. CFEA
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1
)年 级：初二 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语
授课类型 T同步 8B Unit1 上 C专题 Present perfect tense
授课日期及时段
教学目标 掌握8B Units 1的重点单词，词组，短语和句型； 2. 掌握现在完成时的基本用法和动词过去分词的变化
教学重难点 1.8B Units 1的一词多义，同义词辨析以及动词和介词短语； 2.掌握现在完成时的基本用法
教学内容
Present Perfect Tense (
知识讲解
)_______ 一．知识点总结 知识点1：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8) 北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northern southenwesterneasternn .northsouthwesteast
【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China. _______ 北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northern southenwesterneastern____________________________n .northsouthwesteast____________________________
_______知识点2：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。 （1）marry: vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb marry A to B adj. 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married /A get(s) married to B n 婚姻 【例句】Some young couples got married on that day. _______（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动 【常用短语】move away move into move out of 【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away. _______ 知识点3：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。 once: adv.曾经 =used to 【例句】There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here. n.一次，一回; = one time 两次 三次 【例句】 1. I am used to doing exercise once a week.(划线部分提问） 2. I am used to doing exercise once a week.(划线部分提问） _______ 知识点4：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。 （1）realize v. 意识到；实现= 【例句】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream. improve v 提高；改善；改进 n. 提高，改进； 【常用短语】improve living standard提高生活水平; improve your English;改善你的英语； 【例句】Do you know how to improve your memory _______ 知识点5: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。 此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有： 【例句】--How do you feel today --Even worse. _______知识点6:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。 （1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other. 常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。 【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night. as...as...和......一样 not as/ so...as...不如 【例句】他和Tom 一样高。 _______ 重点短语拾趣 1.熟悉…… 2.搬到另一座公寓里 3.结婚 4.在城镇的中心 5.把……变成…… 6.过去常做某事 7.倒……入…… 8.在某种程度上 9.开阔的空地 10.不时地 11.事实上 12.服务中 13.顺便问一下 14.独自 15.采访某人 16.感到寂寞 _______ (
强化练习
) 一．写出下列各词的反义词 1．regular __________ 2．easy _________ 3．useful_________ 4．able _________ 5．slowly _________ 6．polite_________ 7．colder_________ 8．better _________ 9．happiest_________ 10．healthy _________ 11.1ucky_________ _______二．根据旬意写出所缺单词 1．I don’t want an_______coat．I like the cheap one． 2．The twins are in the__________grade，but in___________classes． 3．All your answers are ______while mine are_______．You did much better than I． 4．There’re not many red-crowned cranes in the world．They are________ 5．It’s possible for him to finish it in an hour but，It’s ________for him to finish it in half an hour． 6．It was an _________trip because it rained heavily during the’trip． 7．He likes singing very much but he ________ it in the past． 8．To tell the truth is________，but to tell a lie is_________． 9．It’s_______，to run every morning．It’s ______to drink running water． 10. The classroom is very noisy。Ask them to be_________． _______三．单项选择 ( )1.We invite experts to give us talks . A.from a day and night B.from time to time C.from past to now D.from one to another ( )2.The child has come to school by bike his own. A.in B.by C.on D.of ( ) 3. The place has turned ________ a garden already. A. in B. into C. to D. for ( ) 4. He used to ____ model planes after school. Now he often plays football with his friends. A. make B. making C. be made D. being made ( )5. The old man lives _________ in a ________ house, but he doesn’t feel _________. A. alone; alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely; alone C. alone; lonely; lonely D. alone; lonely; alone _______ 词汇预习 3分钟时间，看谁得分最高呦！ 1.south (形容词)_____________ in the____________(south) part of the town 2.marry (形容词) _______ 结婚 get _________ 3.wife (复数) ______________ 4.poison (形容词) ________ 5.pollute (名词) ____________ 水污染_________ 空气污染____________ 6.healthy (反义词)____________ 7.lucky (反义词) ____________ （副词） 8.develop (名词) _____________ （形容词） 9.recent (副词) __________ Have you seen any exhibitions ________________(recent) 10. attract (名词)_____________ It has become a new tourist _________________(attract) 11.pleasant (反义词)______________ 12. feel (名词) _______________ I have the same ________________(feel) _______ 5分钟时间，看谁得分最高呦！ He lives in the __________part of the city.(北方的) Everyone must try our bes to protect our ________________(环境). We should warn them not to ____________ the rivers.(污染) There have been many changes in Wuxi in the ___________years.(最近的) It is very pleasant to stay in the open space and breathe the _____________air.(新鲜的) I think we have learnt more about the past and _____________of our hometown.(现在) After reading the letter, he ______________ that he was wrong.(意识到) We shouldn’t always play jokes on those children at ______________school.(初级的) What a poor child! He hasn’t got a present from his parents _______since two years ago.(还) The doctor said they would never forget the terrible ______________(形势) after the snowstorm. My father lived with his parents till 1990, when he got ________________(marry). We all think it ______________ to talk loudly in the reading room.(polite) _____________, he missed the last bus back home yesterday.(luck) He won’t play with me any more. So I feel a little ___________(alone). This is the __________CD I have ever got. Where did you buy it (good) _______ (
回顾小结
) (
知识讲解
) 知识点1： Present perfect tense (现在完成时)项目内容备注概念◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。 Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) ◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。 Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born. Eddie has lived with Mille for four years. 构成助动词has/have +动词的过去分词 动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123）肯定形式They have finished their homework. He has finished his homework.缩略形式： they have=they’ve; he has=he’s否定形式They haven’t finished their homework. He hasn’t finished his homework. 疑问形式Have they finished their homework Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. 关键词_______ already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等) before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now ◇表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. ◇包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today, this month, this week等有时也用现在完成时。
知识点2：already与yet用法区别 already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。 yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般至于句末。 例1： I have already worked out this math problem (改为否定句) I worked out the math problem . _______ 知识点3：since 和for用法区别 (1)since的用法①since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008. ②since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时. for的用法：for后加一段时间。 since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。 例：1.They have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten years 2.We have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago. 3.I have had a cold _______ last Saturday, I have had a cold ______ 5 days. I have had a cold ______ 5 days ago. 所以：______ 5 days= ______ 5 days ago _______ 例1： I haven’t seen you _____ last Friday. A. for B. since C. from D. on _______例2：( ) Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _____ us English. (2011盐城) A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach _______ Team work 例1：（ ）Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she ______ the film. (2013浙江湖州) A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen _______例2：（ ）— Look at these stamps. I _______ them for five years — Wow, they are wonderful.(2013湖南衡阳) A. kept B. have kept C. have bought D.bought _______例3：（ ）. — I’d like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. — Thank you, Lucy. But we ______ already. (2012河南) A. meet B. Met C. will meet D. have met _______例4：（ ）— Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina — Because I ______ it twice. (2011襄阳) A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see _______例5：( ) ----Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose (2012淮安) ----Of course. I _______the film Titanic several times. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen _______ 例6：( ) —Your English is good. (2012宿迁) —Thank you. I _______ it for three years. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned _______ 例7：( ) — John, you ____ the computer game for two hours. It’s bad for your eyes. Stop, please! — OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play _______ _______ 动词的过去分词的用法 Regular verbsIrregular verbsBase formPast participleBase formPast participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewritten
规则动词的过去分词的构成 1.大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed；例如： work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited 在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d；例如： close→closed like→liked agree→agreed move→moved 3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加ed；例如： study→studied carry→carried try→tried worry→worried 4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed；例如： stop→stopped drop→dropped 不规则动词的过去分词的构成 1. 有些动词的原形和过去分词相同；例如： put→put hurt→hurt become→become run→run 2.改变单词中间元音字母；例如： sit→sat win→won hold→held 3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t；例如： lend→lent spend→spent send→sent 4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept；例如： keep→kept sleep→slept 5. 过去分词以aught或ought结尾；例如： teach→taught buy→bought 6.以ay结尾的动词，把ay变成aid；例如： say→said pay→paid 7.在原形词尾加n或en；例如： give→given eat→eaten 还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆 (
强化练习
) 选择填空: ( )1. They______ in Beijing when they_____ married. A. live, get B. lived, have got C. lived, got D. have lived, got ( )2. Now, this small village_______ a big modern city. A. is turning into B. turns into C. has turned into D. turned into ( )3. After resting for a long time, Mr Green looks_____ than before he left the hospital. A. unhealthier B. healthier C. more healthily D. health ( )4. The doctor looked him over and said there was_____ with her. A. nothing wrong much B. much wrong nothing C. much nothing wrong D. nothing much wrong ( )5. Sorry, I haven’t finished the work_____. A. already B. before C. yet D. ever ( )6. My son_____ up yet because he _____ to bed very late last night. A. hasn’t got, has gone B. didn’t get, went C. doesn’t get, went D. hasn’t got, went ( )7. Look at that new model plane. It must_____ a lot of money. A. cost B. pay C. spend D. take ( )8. Thanks to the cleaners, the environment_____ in our city recently. A. improved B. improves C. has improved D. had improved ( )9. Since he started high school, he’s come to school by bike_____. A. on his own B. by his own C. in his own D. with his own ( )10. You’re_____ late, the meeting has been over. A. terribly B. nearly C. terrible D. near ( )11. The fans are very sorry to hear that famous actor_____ for half an hour. A. has left B. has been away C. has gone D. has gone away ( )12. I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary When and where_____ you _____ it A. have, bought B. did buy C. will, buy D. do , buy ( )13. What a nice T-shirt! How much did you_____ for it It_____ me twenty yuan. A. pay, cost B. pay, paid C. cost, pay D. cost, cost ( )14. Where is Jack Sorry, I don’t know. Go and ask his brother. He _____ know. A. can B. may C. must D. need ( )15. When you do eye exercises, you must keep your eyes_______. A. close B. closed C. open D. closing ( )16. Don’t worry, these toys are______ than those. A. safer B. more safely C. safe D. more safety ( )17. I can’t buy this coat, because it is_____ expensive. A. much B. a few C. few D. a bit ( )18. This is the most interesting story I have_____ heard. A. never B. ever C. once D. always ( )19. Every morning, he listens to English news_____ the radio. A. from B. over C. in D. to ( )20. Did Tom study at No. 8 Middle School three years _____ A. before B. after C. ago D. then ( )21. Since the students_____ here, let’s have the meeting. A. all are B. all C. are all D. all not ( )22. What did the teacher_____ Mary to_____ at the meeting yesterday A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. told, say ( )23. Don’t_____ the cat, let’s_____ some computer games. A. play, play with B. play, play C. play with, play with D. play with, play ( )24. The twin sisters_____ under the tree, chatting happily. A. lied B. are lying C. lying D. lain ( )25. The film_____ for 5 minutes. A. has begun B. has on C. has been on D. began _______ (
回顾小结
) (
课后作业
) 一、单项选择：（每题1分，共15分） ( ) 1 My uncle ________ in Beijing for three years. A. lives B. is living C. has lived D. will live ( ) 2. The ______ news says that Hu Jintao has gone to London ________. A. recent; recent B. recently; recent C. recent; recently D. recently; recently ( ) 3. I have ______ read that book before, but I ______ want to read it again. A. yet; don’t B. ever; haven’t C. ago; haven’t D. already; don’t ( ) 4. All the members of the club decided to ______ to Beijing. A. by plane B. on a plane C. take a plane D. take plane ( ) 5. So much for this class, class. ________, where will the conference be held tomorrow A. By the way B. In some ways C. On the way D.No way ( ) 6. There _________ some beautiful swans on the lake in summer. But now it’s hard for us to see them because of pollution problems. A. used to be B. used to have C. is used to be D. is used to have ( ) 7. I have lived here _______ many years. A. since B. for C. when D. from ( ) 8. ----Do you still write to your friends these days ----No. But I used ________ that when I was at school. A. do B. did C. done D. to do ( ) 9. Tom ________ for five years. A. married B. got married C. was married D. has been married ( ) 10. I have just ________ an interview _______ the radio. A. heard; on B. listened to; on C. listened; in D. heard; with ( ) 11. I don’t like playing _____ chess, but I like playing _________ piano. A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the ( ) 12. ----________ have you lived here ----Since last year. A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far ( ) 13. We have studied at this school ______ two years ago. A. for B. since C. from D. about ( ) 14. The Nanjing Changjiang Bridge has ______ for over 50 years. A. been in use B. in use C. built D. been built ( ) 15. My grandpa lives _______, so he feels a bit ________ from time to time. A. lonely; alone B. alone; alone C. lonely; lonely D. alone; lonely_______ 二、根据中文提示写出单词。（每题1分，共5分） 1．Do you believe the ________ (最近的)news about the traffic accident Have you ever been to Hong Kong ________ (最近) 2．Finally，he ________ (意识到)that he failed in the exam． 3．Protecting our ________ (环境)is very important． 4．My parents both work in the ________(南方的) part of China. 5．Now there are a number of __________(工厂) in our hometown. _______三、用单词适当形式填空（每题1分，共5分） 1.— the train (arrive) yet —Yes, it (arrive) ten minutes ago. 2.The bowl is empty. He (eat) the food. 3.There (be) many changes in China since 1987 4.I __________ (do) my homework already. 5.Have you been to Hong Kong __________ (recent) _______ 四、句型转换（每题1分，共5分） 1.My father was a teacher in the past.（改为同义句） My father be a teacher. 2.He has been here for two weeks.（改为同义句） He has been here two weeks . 3.Lishui has changed a lot over the years.（改为同义句） There ______ _____ many _____ in Lishui during the last years. 4.He doesn’t live here any longer. （改为同义句） He ________ ________ ________ here. 5.Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. (提问) ________ ________ ________ Eddie lived with Millie _______ 五、翻译句子（每题1分，共5分） 1. 顺便问一下，你去过扬州几次了？（09扬州） ________, how many times ______________ Yangzhou 2. 到目前为止你看了多少部英文电影了？(09常州) ______________________________________ so far 3. 张老师在这所学校工作已经三年了。（09宿迁） Mr Zhang __________ in this school __________ already. 4. 还是孩子时她就对表演产生过了兴趣。(2010盐城) She _____________acting ____________ she was a child. 5. 在过去的十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。(2010盐城) Great changes ______________ in China ________________. _______六、完形填空 Computer has existed for fifty years. And computers are 1 in the daily lives. For example, they can help people 2 much time to do much work, and they can help people work out many problems people can’t do easily. Today more and more 3 have their own computers. Parents 4 computers for their children. They hope computers can help their children improve their studies in school. However, many of their children use computers to play games, watch videos and sing karaoke 5 studying. So many parent 6 that computers cannot help children study but make them fall behind. So computers are 7 in boxes by parents. In some other countries, even some scientists also 8 computers. They say computers let millions of people lose their jobs 9 bring them a lot trouble. Will computers really bring trouble to people or can they bring people happiness It will be decided by 10 . （ ）1 A. interesting B. exciting C. useful D. amazing （ ）2.A. give B. offer C. save D. waste （ ）3.A. families B. schools C. factories D. offices （ ）4.A. have B. give C. send D. buy （ ）5.A. instead of B. instead C. with D. together （ ）6.A. complain B. explain C. talk D. tell （ ）7.A. closed B. locked C. broken D. left （ ）8.A. own B. make C. hate D. like （ ）9. A. as B. and C. but D. for （ ）10.A. yourselves B. ourselves C. itself D. myself _______阅读理解 A man once had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany (德国）. In his dream he was walking in the forest when two men ran out and tried to throw him to the ground. He ran as fast as he could, but they followed him, he reached a place where he saw two roads in front of him, one is to the right and the other is to the left. Which road should he take He heard the two men behind him getting nearer, and at the same time he heard in a voice his ears. It told him to go to the right, and so he did. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel,(旅馆)He was treated kindly and given a room. That was the dream. Twenty years later, he was really in the Black Forest, and as happened in the dream long ago. Two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran away just like the dream. He remembered the dream and took the road to the right. He got to the hotel, he was safe. His dream of twenty years before had saved his life. ( )1. The Black Forest is . A. a place in China B. a place in Germany C . a place in Britain D. I don’t know ( )2. When he was walking in the forest, ran after him. A. two dogs B. two tigers C. two men D .two women ( )3. Finally he came to . A. a forest B. another road C. another dream D. a small hotel ( )4.It was that saved the man’s life 20 years later. A. a voice(声音) B. the dream C. someone else D. the forest ( ) 5.The story tells us that . A. a dream may come true some time later B. a dream is always a dream C. people should not believe their dreams D. people should always believe dreams _______ 八、语法填空 Hi, everyone. Do you know how to be 1. （health） “Health”means eating well, getting enough exercise and having 2. healthy lifestyle. Here are some rules you should follow. First, eat different kinds of food, especially fruit and vegetables. You may just want to eat your favorite food, but you’d better eat something different. If you eat different kinds of food, you will 3. (probable) get more nutrients(营养物质) your body 4. (need). Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you really need to drink something, milk is the best choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you 5. (much) calcium（钙）than others. You should drink at least three cups of milk when you are 9 years old or older. You'd better try to have drinks 6. little sugar Third, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full When your stomach is full, stop 7. (eat). Or it will make you become fat. 8. unhealthy. 9. (four), be active(积极的). One thing you’d like to do is to take part in your favorite activities. Find ways to be active every day. Follow these 10. (rule) and I am sure that you can be a healthy kid. 九、补全短文。 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从下面方框中的选项中,选择适当的选项补全短文。 Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 1 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 2 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 3 The following methods may work best for you. ● Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. ● Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. ● Write your notes in your own words. ● 4 ● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. A.Use words not complete sentences. B.There are three practical note-taking methods. C.First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. D.Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
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