年 级：初二 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语
授课类型 T 8B U3（上）基础知识梳理 C专题 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
授课日期及时段
教学目标 掌握8B Unit 3 的重点单词，词组，短语和句型； 掌握一般过去时和现在完成时用法
教学重难点 1.8B Unit3 的一词多义，同义词辨析以及动词和介词短语； 2.掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
教学内容
(
复习巩固
) 作业检查 评讲上次课的作业，并督促学生订正好。 (
同步导入
) (
知识讲解
)_____ 知识点1:use用法 单元例句：Have you used this before, Eddie (P34) 艾迪，你之前使用过这个吗？ What do you usually use your computer for (P35) 你通常用电脑做什么？ I usually use it to search for information. (P35) 我通常用它寻找信息。 How often do you use your computer for this (P35) 你用电脑做这个多久一次？ 用法讲解： use /ju:z/ v. 使用 adj. （无用的）; （有用的） 常见的词组有： ① 使用某物做某事 e.g.: People use knives to cut things. ② 为了…使用… e.g.: He uses the Pad for fun. ③ . （用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经 e.g.: There used to be a factory here. He used to go home before 8 o’clock. ④ 习惯于某事/做某事 e.g.: I have been in Nanjing for 8 years, and I am used to the life and climate here. She is now getting used to going home for dinner. _____ _____知识点2：I usually use it to search for information. (P35) 我通常用它来查询信息。 1) search/s :t / v. 搜寻 常见表达： ① 为了某物/某事搜身 e.g.: The policeman is searching everyone for the diamond. The class teacher searched the desk for the lost money. ② ： 搜某地 e.g.: I searched all the roads I walk past, but found nothing. _____知识点3：Welcome to “Around the World in Eight Hours”. (P36) 欢迎来到“8小时环游世界”。 1). in+一段时间中文释义有两种：1） 2） e.g: My father will come back . (一周后) I can finish the work . (两小时之内) 2). 对应的特殊疑问词是 e.g.: How soon will your father come back _____ 知识点4：Have you noticed the “Tour” icon at the top of the page (P36) 你注意到这一页顶端的“旅游”图标了吗？ There is a “Back” icon at the bottom of the page. (P37) 在这一页底部有一个“返回”图标。 注意介词用at, 在…顶端或底部是一个很小的点，类似的用法还有 2) top还可以做形容词： 尖子生 3) 拓展词组： 从头到脚，完完全全，自上而下 e.g.: He measured Mrs. Brown from top to bottom. _____ 知识点5：Wall Street, the world- famous trade center, is here at the southern end of Manhattan Island.(P37) 华尔街，闻名于世的贸易中心，位于曼哈顿岛的最南端。 1) the world- famous 由名词和形容词加连字符组成的复合形容词，可以由名词所有格来代替： 原句= Wall street, the world’ s famous trade center. 再如：They can build the bridge in 2-day time.= . 2) at the southern end of…在…的南端，类似于at the end of 的表达 _____They can build the bridge in 2-day time.= They can build the bridge in 2 days’ time._____ 知识点6：Further on is Times Square. (P37) 再往前走就是时代广场。 1) further& farther ★farther与further都是形容词和副词far的比较级： far—farther—farthest ; far—further—furthest ★但是它们在词义和用法上却有区别。 ① ： e.g.: There was a large shop on the farther side of the street. We can't go any farther without a rest. ② ： e.g.: There is a cottage on the further side of the hill. It turned out a further distance than he had imagined. ③ ： e.g.: Have you any further questions to ask We intend to stay for a further two months. If you need further information, I suggest you go to the library. _____ 2) 倒装句的动词判断 此处further为副词，副词或者介词短语开头的句子可以用倒装来起 作用。 e.g.: On the wall hangs a picture. _____知识点7： It is exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness. (P37)看巨大的玻璃球在黑暗中落下，真实太让人兴奋了！ 1) it is + adj+ to do sth. 做某事是…的 e.g.: It is interesting to do homework and at the same time listen to music. 2) see … doing… 看见… 正在做某事 see此处为感官实义动词，其用法有两种： see. sb. doing sth see. sb. do sth e.g.: I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进了房间。（看完了整个过程） The little girl often see the man run along the river. （经常性） When I went past the room, I saw a girl dancing in it. （正在进行） 类似的动词还有listen to/ hear/ watch/ notice 3) fall 的词组： fall down ； fall asleep ； fall off _____知识点8: Have you ever heard of the song “Memory” (P37) 你曾经听说过“Memory”这首歌吗？ 1). hear vt.听到，听见 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信= 2). "hear of"与"hear about"有什么区别？ hear of : 。 e.g.: I have never heard of him since he left. 自从他离开后，我再没听到过他的消息。 I have heard of the song. 我曾听说过这首歌。 hear about: . e.g. I've just heard about his illness. 我刚听说他生病的事。 I've just heard about his promotion. 我刚刚听到了他被提升的事。_____知识点11：So much for New York. (P37) 纽约就到此为止了。 用法讲解： 1）so much for… 同义句式： e.g. That’s all for today’s fashion show. = So much for today’s fashion show. _____ _____ 知识点12：Have you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport (P42) 你曾经梦见过没有护照环游世界吗？ 用法讲解： 1) dream of sth/ doing sth e.g.: I dreamed of my grandmother last night. He never dreams of winning the first prize. 2) without sth/ doing sth e.g.: I go to work without breakfast every day. He often falls asleep without taking off his coat. _____ 知识点13：My dad has just returned from the USA. (P42) 我爸爸刚从美国回来。 1) return中文释义为：返回，回来，为瞬间性动词，若换为延续性动词，需改为：be back e.g.:- Has your dad returned - Yes, he has been back for two days. 同义词组： （注意任务型阅读和同义句） e.g.: My father has just returned. =My father has just come back. (
强化练习
)_____ 一．单选题 例1：I _______ the day before yesterday. I’ve _________ for two days. A. arrived; come back B. reached; returned C. got; return back D. arrived; been back _____例2：Worker harder, or you will fall behind. (同义句改写) __________ you ______ _____ harder, you will fall behind. _____例3：---Excuse me, does Mr Smith live here ---He _______ live here, but now he lives in a big city with his son. A. has to B. used to C. tried to D. happened to _____例4：Unlike Chinese, Americans ______ their meals with knives and forks. (2010无锡) A. used to taking B. are used to taking C. used to take D. are used to take _____例5：_________ the development of China, our living condition are getting better and better. A. To B. With C. As D. For _____例6：If you need _______ information, I suggest you go to the library. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest _____例7：While he was driving along the lake, he noticed something strange __________ in it. A. moving B. moves C. to move D. to moving _____例8：__________ students gathered on campus. A. Several hundred B. Hundred of C. Two hundreds of D. Several hundreds _____ 检测题1： 根据句意及汉语提示，用词的正确形式填空。 1. I think I’ve found the ___________ (底部). 2. Guangxi lies in the _________ (south) part of China. 3. There are three ________ (图标) on the screen. Which one should I click on 4. English is an ___________ (国际的) language, so you should learn it well. 5. Messi is a __________ (举世闻名的) football player. 6. Someone called my name in the __________ (黑暗). 7. ---What do your sister do ---They are __________ (导游). 8. Have you ever watched a __________ (音乐剧) in the theater _____检测题2：翻译句子 1. 鱼缸的底部有一些漂亮的小石头。 There are some nice stones _______________________ the tank. 2. 这一节课就上到这儿。 ____________________________________________________. 3. 看见巨大的闪闪发光的苹果从黑暗中掉下来是令人兴奋的。 It is ________ to see a huge shining apple____________ through the ____________. 4. 史密斯一家习惯于早起。 The Smiths _________________________________. 5. 它看上去像一台电脑。 It ______________ a computer. 6. 用电脑进行文字处理简单、快捷。 It is ________________ to use the computer to do _________processing. 7. 西蒙通常用他的电脑做什么？ _________________does Simon usually _______________ 8. 我的表弟喜欢用电脑收发电子邮件。 My cousin enjoys using the computer to ____________________. 9. 我的那个朋友天天用电脑设计广告。 That friend of mine ________the computer____________ every day. 10. 桑迪多长时间用电脑搜索一次信息？ ________________does Sandy use her computer ____________ _____ (
回顾小结
) 一、专题精讲 知识点1：现在完成时与一般过去时用法异同 1. 相同点： 两个时态都表示一个在过去完成的动作。 2. 不同点： 现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况； 一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。 e.g.: Who opened the door 谁开的门？(只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。) Who has opened the door 谁把门开了？(强调门现在依然还开着。) 例1: --Tom, Can I borrow your magazine --Sorry, I _____it to Mary. A. lent B. have lent_____ C. had lent D. lend _____例2: I left my pen in the desk and now it's gone, who ______it A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken _____ _____ 知识点2：结构上的区别 时态结构一般过去时主语+ was/ were+其他 主语+ 动词过去式+其他现在完成时主语+has/ have +动词过去分词
知识点3：时间状语的区别 时态时间状语一般过去时yesterday, the other day (= a few days ago), last…, … ago, the day before yesterday, just now, in +过去时间现在完成时already, ever, just, recently, (not) yet, so far (迄今为止), up to now, till now, since, never, before
_____例1: Julie's father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gone _____例2: —How long have you ____here —For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday. A. been; came B. come; came C. came; came D. been; been _____例3: --Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary --Yes, I _____there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was _____知识点4：特殊情况 1. 现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，所以若是过去发生的一个动作，现在情况已经发生的变化，则不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时。 e.g.: I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now. _____例1：My father (work) in a factory for five years. But now he is a teacher. _____2. 现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用, when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。 e.g.: ----The train has left. ----When did the train leave e.g.: Where have you been 例1: When _____you _______ your dictionary A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose _____ 3. 现在完成时五大句型： 1) It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…) e.g.: It is 8 years since I came to Nanjing. = It has been 8 years since I came to Nanjing. 2) This is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that +从句（从句用现在完成时） e.g.: This is the saddest film that I have ever seen. 3) Where have you been 4) There have/ has been … e.g.: There have been great changes to my hometown in the past two years. 5) It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时） e.g.: It is the first time that I have visited Beijing. _____ (
强化练习
)_____检测题（一）：单项选择 ( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder I can’t see it anywhere. ---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone! did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put ( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school. A. taught; came B. has taught; came C. taught; has come D. has taught; has come ( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______ 10 minutes ago. (山东) A. left B. has left C. has been left D. had left ( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重庆) A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen ( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa （宁波） ---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday. A. have visited B. had visited C. visited D. visit ( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京) ---- I ______ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A. hadn’t seen; am B. haven’t seen; was C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; shall be ( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here ---- There ______ very little rain. A. has B. has been C. are D. have been ( ) 8. Where ______ you _______ Which answer is not right A. are; going B. have; been C. did; go D. are; going ( ) 9. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago. A. were B. have C. are D. have been ( ) 10. --- Who will go to the airport to meet Jenny --- I will. I _______ her several times. I can find her easily. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet ( ) 11. It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you _______ cooking dinner yet, Sally. A. haven’t started B. didn’t start C. don’t start D. hasn’t started ( ) 12. --- What a nice bike! How long _______ you _______ it --- Just two weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had _____ 检测题（二）：根据中文写出单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They___________ (clean) the windows already. So the room looks bright. 2. Nice to see you. I ___________ (not, see) you for a long time. 3. She __________ (clean) the room just now. 4. The man________ (see) you yesterday. 5._______ you ever ________ (be) to Guangzhou 6. My father _________ to France last month. And I ______ already ______ (get ) many letters from him. 7. —Would you like some bananas —No, thanks. I (eat) one already. 8. They _________ (eat) up all the food, but they still feel hungry. 9. ---Turn off the radio, dear. Baby is sleeping. ---There is no need. He ________ (wake) up. 10. ---Tell me how long you __________ (have) a cold. ---Ever since last night. _____ (
回顾小结
) (
课后作业
) _____作业1：根据句意，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当的形式填空。 (
gather, several, island, huge, south, pick, trade
) 1. WTO stands for World ______ Organization. 2. Now _____ another city, try to start your online tour. 3. _____ students are standing under the tall tree. 4. Guangzhou is a big city in the ________ part of China. 5. The driver had to stop his car because a ________ stone was in the road. 6. Hainan_____ is the second biggest one in China. 7. Old people like____ in the park to do sport in the morning. _____ 作业2：用所给词的正确形式填空 1. — Have you ______ (hear) that Margaret Thatcher (撒切尔夫人) passed away in April, 2013 — Yes. I think it’s a great loss. 2. —Is your father at home —No, I’m afraid he ____________(go) out. 3. Miss Lee (teach) us English since she came here three years ago. 4. －Is everybody here －No, sir. Jim _______________(not arrive) yet. He is still on the way. 5. There ___________(not be) much snow here in the past three years. 6. The old computer _______(break) down easily, so I had to restart it again and again. 7.—Why are you so happy today —Because I _____(win)the badminton match yesterday. 8. Yesterday I （buy）a new dress at the Macy’s for my mum. 9. The audience _______(clap) and screamed with joy after the last performance ended. 10. Last week, she ________ (select) a teddy bear as a birthday present for her daughter. _____作业3：单项选择 1. －Have you seen Dr. Adams recently －No. He __________ Hong Kong for an international meeting. He’ll come back tomorrow. A.has gone in B. has been in C. has gone to D. has been to 2. 一Frank, you look worried. Anything wrong 一Well, I______a test and I’ m waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. am taking D. take 3. — Have you read the book called Around the world in Eighty Days — Who ________ it A. will write B. wrote C. was writing D. has written 4. —Your English is good. —Thank you. I _______ it for three years. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned 5. Tony _______ football every weekend when he was young. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played 6.—How well do you know the Opera House —I know the place very well. I ____ Sydney many times. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in 7. —Where is Jack I haven’t seen him for a long time. —He ______ HK with his family. I think he is having a wonderful time there. went to B. was in C. has gone to D. has been to 8. —Oh, I’m sorry for being late. —It doesn’t matter. The film for just five minutes. A. started B. has started C. has been on D. had been on 9. —Look at these stamps. I them for five years. —Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought D. Keep 10. --Mike, why are you watching TV again --I ______my homework. A.finish B.finished C.have finished D.had finished _____作业4：翻译句子 1. 请在“Tour”图标上点击。 Please ___________ the “Tour” icon. 2. 你曾经听说过那位歌手吗？ Have you __________________________the singer 3. 上海是世界闻名的贸易中心吗？ Is Shanghai a ______________________________ 4. 房间中央是两张桌子。 In the center of the room _________________________. 5. 那个公园是放松的好地方。 The park is ____________________________________. 6. 明早六点在此集合。 Please __________________ at six tomorrow morning. 7. 当时我看到他们正在打篮球。 I ________________________ at that time. 8. 自从时就世界以来，这个镇就以它古老的建筑而闻名。 The town ________________________________its old buildings______________. 9. 答案在本页底部。 The answers are ________________________. _____ 作业5：完型填空（2013无锡） My parents have always loved everything about India, so a year ago we went on holiday there. It’s a wonderful 15 with beautiful scenes and interesting people. However, I didn’t enjoy Indian 16 very much. On the second day we planned to see an old palace. At the 17 they said. “If you go by train, it’ll take you only two hours to get there.” However, the hot 18 took over four hours. I was very 19 when we got there , so we had some rice and vegetables with bread in a small restaurant. We were 20 to find it was quite nice. I wasn’t full up though and I saw a man nearby eating some little meatballs. I said to my dad, “I’ve been eating rice all week. Can I have some meatballs please ” Well, they looked delicious so I ate the first one very 21. I was just putting the second one in my mouth when I felt myself 22 —my mouth was on fire! I started to cough（咳嗽）and there were tears (泪水)in my eyes. I couldn’t 23 how spicy (辛辣的) it was! I drank about ten glasses of water but the worst thing was everyone was laughing at me. You couldn’t make me eat another Indian meatball for all the 24 in the world! 15.A. town B. city C. country D. restaurant 16.A. food B. scenes C. people D. costumes 17.A. palace B. hotel C. airport D. entrance 18 .A. sail B. walk C. drive D. ride 19. A. hungry B. curious C. cheerful D. nervous 20.A.shocked B. surprised C. bored D. tired 21.A. quietly B. easily C. quickly D. gently 22.A. burning B. watering C. crying D. smiling 23.A. feel B. believe C. think D. know 24. A. diet B. luck C. time D. money _____作业6：阅读理解 Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. Why do people use the Internet to shop Some people say it is more convenient. They don’t have to leave their homes to order something; they can shop anything they want at any time; they can find things for sale that they can’t find in the stores near their homes. Still other people say they can find better prices on the Internet. If you want to buy something on the Internet, you need a credit card. You have to type your credit card number and information on the website and send them to the store over the Internet. You have to be sure that the store will not use your information in the wrong way. You don’t want someone to get your credit number, so be careful with it, because people sometimes steal credit numbers from stores. 1. If you want to shop on the Internet, you need ____. A. an ID card B. a credit card C. an IC card D. a room card 2. Some people use the internet to shop because____. A. they can sleep all day long B. they want to leave their homes C. they want to play with their friends D. they can get things with less money 3. The Chinese meaning of the word “convenient” in this passage is “______”. A. 时髦的 B. 较近的 C. 方便的 D. 可用的 _____
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1
)年 级：初二 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语
授课类型 T 8B U3（上）基础知识梳理 C专题 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
授课日期及时段
教学目标 掌握8B Unit 3 的重点单词，词组，短语和句型； 掌握一般过去时和现在完成时用法
教学重难点 1.8B Unit3 的一词多义，同义词辨析以及动词和介词短语； 2.掌握一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
教学内容
(
复习巩固
) 作业检查 评讲上次课的作业，并督促学生订正好。 (
同步导入
) 标注：通过过去和现在的比较引出本单元的主题 (
知识讲解
) 知识点1:use用法 单元例句：Have you used this before, Eddie (P34) 艾迪，你之前使用过这个吗？ What do you usually use your computer for (P35) 你通常用电脑做什么？ I usually use it to search for information. (P35) 我通常用它寻找信息。 How often do you use your computer for this (P35) 你用电脑做这个多久一次？ 用法讲解： use /ju:z/ v. 使用 adj. （无用的）; （有用的） 常见的词组有： ① 使用某物做某事 e.g.: People use knives to cut things. ② 为了…使用… e.g.: He uses the Pad for fun. ③ . （用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经 e.g.: There used to be a factory here. He used to go home before 8 o’clock. ④ 习惯于某事/做某事 e.g.: I have been in Nanjing for 8 years, and I am used to the life and climate here. She is now getting used to going home for dinner. 【批注】 adj. useless（无用的）; useful（有用的） ① use sth. to do sth 使用某物做某事 ② use sth for sth. 为了…使用 ③ used to do sth. （用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经 ④ be/ get used to sth/ doing sth. 习惯于某事/做某事 知识点2：I usually use it to search for information. (P35) 我通常用它来查询信息。 1) search/s :t / v. 搜寻 常见表达： ① 为了某物/某事搜身 e.g.: The policeman is searching everyone for the diamond. The class teacher searched the desk for the lost money. ② ： 搜某地 e.g.: I searched all the roads I walk past, but found nothing. 【批注】search sb.(for sth.) 为了某物/某事搜身 search + 地点： 搜某地 search & search for的区分： search 强调直接搜索（某人/ 某物/ 某地）; 而search for是寻找，search for food寻找食物；意义不同是主要的差别。 知识点3：Welcome to “Around the World in Eight Hours”. (P36) 欢迎来到“8小时环游世界”。 1). in+一段时间中文释义有两种：1） 2） e.g: My father will come back . (一周后) I can finish the work . (两小时之内) 2). 对应的特殊疑问词是 e.g.: How soon will your father come back 【批注】1）一段时间之后； 2）在一段时间之内（=within） 2). 对应的特殊疑问词是how soon 答案： in a week; in 2 hours 知识点4：Have you noticed the “Tour” icon at the top of the page (P36) 你注意到这一页顶端的“旅游”图标了吗？ There is a “Back” icon at the bottom of the page. (P37) 在这一页底部有一个“返回”图标。 注意介词用at, 在…顶端或底部是一个很小的点，类似的用法还有 2) top还可以做形容词： 尖子生 3) 拓展词组： 从头到脚，完完全全，自上而下 e.g.: He measured Mrs. Brown from top to bottom. 【批注】 at the top/ bottom of …在…的顶端/底部 1) 注意介词用at, 在…顶端或底部是一个很小的点，类似的用法还有at the end of... / at the beginning of... 2) top还可以做形容词：top student 尖子生 3) 拓展词组：from top to bottom 从头到脚，完完全全，自上而下 知识点5：Wall Street, the world- famous trade center, is here at the southern end of Manhattan Island.(P37) 华尔街，闻名于世的贸易中心，位于曼哈顿岛的最南端。 1) the world- famous 由名词和形容词加连字符组成的复合形容词，可以由名词所有格来代替： 原句= Wall street, the world’ s famous trade center. 再如：They can build the bridge in 2-day time.= . 2) at the southern end of…在…的南端，类似于at the end of 的表达 【批注】They can build the bridge in 2-day time.= They can build the bridge in 2 days’ time. 知识点6：Further on is Times Square. (P37) 再往前走就是时代广场。 1) further& farther ★farther与further都是形容词和副词far的比较级： far—farther—farthest ; far—further—furthest ★但是它们在词义和用法上却有区别。 ① ： e.g.: There was a large shop on the farther side of the street. We can't go any farther without a rest. ② ： e.g.: There is a cottage on the further side of the hill. It turned out a further distance than he had imagined. ③ ： e.g.: Have you any further questions to ask We intend to stay for a further two months. If you need further information, I suggest you go to the library. 【批注】 ① farther一般只用于表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”： ② further既可表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”： ③ further也还可表示“更多的”；“另一些”；“进一步的”；“而且”；“此外”等等： 2) 倒装句的动词判断 此处further为副词，副词或者介词短语开头的句子可以用倒装来起 作用。 e.g.: On the wall hangs a picture. 【批注】此处further为副词，副词或者介词短语开头的句子可以用倒装来起强调作用。 知识点7： It is exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness. (P37)看巨大的玻璃球在黑暗中落下，真实太让人兴奋了！ 1) it is + adj+ to do sth. 做某事是…的 e.g.: It is interesting to do homework and at the same time listen to music. 2) see … doing… 看见… 正在做某事 see此处为感官实义动词，其用法有两种： see. sb. doing sth see. sb. do sth e.g.: I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进了房间。（看完了整个过程） The little girl often see the man run along the river. （经常性） When I went past the room, I saw a girl dancing in it. （正在进行） 类似的动词还有listen to/ hear/ watch/ notice 3) fall 的词组： fall down ； fall asleep ； fall off 【批注】see. sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事； see. sb. do sth 看见某人经常做某事或者做过某事 fall down 从…掉下； fall asleep 睡着； fall off 跌落 知识点8: Have you ever heard of the song “Memory” (P37) 你曾经听说过“Memory”这首歌吗？ 1). hear vt.听到，听见 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信= 2). "hear of"与"hear about"有什么区别？ hear of : 。 e.g.: I have never heard of him since he left. 自从他离开后，我再没听到过他的消息。 I have heard of the song. 我曾听说过这首歌。 hear about: . e.g. I've just heard about his illness. 我刚听说他生病的事。 I've just heard about his promotion. 我刚刚听到了他被提升的事。 【批注】hear from sb. 收到某人的来信= receive a letter from sb. hear of : 听说过，听到；提起某事，直接指其对象。 hear about: 听到/得知关于某人或某事的消息 比 hear of知道的更详细，具体. 知识点11：So much for New York. (P37) 纽约就到此为止了。 用法讲解： 1）so much for… 同义句式： e.g. That’s all for today’s fashion show. = So much for today’s fashion show. 【批注】 同义句式：That’s all for… 知识点12：Have you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport (P42) 你曾经梦见过没有护照环游世界吗？ 用法讲解： 1) dream of sth/ doing sth e.g.: I dreamed of my grandmother last night. He never dreams of winning the first prize. 2) without sth/ doing sth e.g.: I go to work without breakfast every day. He often falls asleep without taking off his coat. 【批注】1) dream of sth/ doing sth梦见某事/ 梦见做某事 2) without sth/ doing sth. 没有做某事 知识点13：My dad has just returned from the USA. (P42) 我爸爸刚从美国回来。 1) return中文释义为：返回，回来，为瞬间性动词，若换为延续性动词，需改为：be back e.g.:- Has your dad returned - Yes, he has been back for two days. 同义词组： （注意任务型阅读和同义句） e.g.: My father has just returned. =My father has just come back. 【批注】同义词组：come back (
强化练习
) 一．单选题 例1：I _______ the day before yesterday. I’ve _________ for two days. A. arrived; come back B. reached; returned C. got; return back D. arrived; been back 解析：首先第一个空，从选项可以看出要选择到达的词义，且需要选择不及物动词，所以排除掉B和C。在A和D中选择，后一空需要延续性动词，排除A. 答案：D 例2：Worker harder, or you will fall behind. (同义句改写) __________ you ______ _____ harder, you will fall behind. 解析：考察连词与if条件句的互换。 答案：If don’t work 例3：---Excuse me, does Mr Smith live here ---He _______ live here, but now he lives in a big city with his son. A. has to B. used to C. tried to D. happened to 解析：从后一句的回答，可以知道现在和原来不一样，所以可以推测此处需要的是“曾经”的表达。 答案：B 例4：Unlike Chinese, Americans ______ their meals with knives and forks. (2010无锡) A. used to taking B. are used to taking C. used to take D. are used to take 解析：考察use的几个词组，题干译为：和中国人不一样，美国人—用刀叉吃饭，可以判断不用过去时，而是一直做的。 答案：B 例5：_________ the development of China, our living condition are getting better and better. A. To B. With C. As D. For 解析：考查with的伴随用法，随着中国的发展，我们的生活水平越来越好。 答案： B 例6：If you need _______ information, I suggest you go to the library. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 解析：考查farther和further的区分，“进一步的信息”并不是实际距离上的近，选择further. 答案: C 例7：While he was driving along the lake, he noticed something strange __________ in it. A. moving B. moves C. to move D. to moving 解析：此题考查的是感官动词notice的用法，前一句有限定，当经过时，是一个时间点，应该是看到某人正在做… 答案：A 例8：__________ students gathered on campus. A. Several hundred B. Hundred of C. Two hundreds of D. Several hundreds 解析：hundred 与数字或several连用不可加s, 与of连用时，常用hundreds of. 答案: A 检测题1： 根据句意及汉语提示，用词的正确形式填空。 1. I think I’ve found the ___________ (底部). 2. Guangxi lies in the _________ (south) part of China. 3. There are three ________ (图标) on the screen. Which one should I click on 4. English is an ___________ (国际的) language, so you should learn it well. 5. Messi is a __________ (举世闻名的) football player. 6. Someone called my name in the __________ (黑暗). 7. ---What do your sister do ---They are __________ (导游). 8. Have you ever watched a __________ (音乐剧) in the theater Keys: 1. bottom 2. southern 3. icons 4. international 5. world-famous 6. darkness 7. guides 8. musical 检测题2：翻译句子 1. 鱼缸的底部有一些漂亮的小石头。 There are some nice stones _______________________ the tank. 2. 这一节课就上到这儿。 ____________________________________________________. 3. 看见巨大的闪闪发光的苹果从黑暗中掉下来是令人兴奋的。 It is ________ to see a huge shining apple____________ through the ____________. 4. 史密斯一家习惯于早起。 The Smiths _________________________________. 5. 它看上去像一台电脑。 It ______________ a computer. 6. 用电脑进行文字处理简单、快捷。 It is ________________ to use the computer to do _________processing. 7. 西蒙通常用他的电脑做什么？ _________________does Simon usually _______________ 8. 我的表弟喜欢用电脑收发电子邮件。 My cousin enjoys using the computer to ____________________. 9. 我的那个朋友天天用电脑设计广告。 That friend of mine ________the computer____________ every day. 10. 桑迪多长时间用电脑搜索一次信息？ ________________does Sandy use her computer ____________ Keys: 1. at the bottom of 2. So much for today’s class. 3. exciting; falling; darkness 4. are used to getting up early. 5. looks like 6. easy and fast; word 7. What; use his computer for 8. send and receive emails 9. uses; to design advertisements 10. How often; to search for the information (
回顾小结
) 一、专题精讲 知识点1：现在完成时与一般过去时用法异同 1. 相同点： 两个时态都表示一个在过去完成的动作。 2. 不同点： 现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况； 一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。 e.g.: Who opened the door 谁开的门？(只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。) Who has opened the door 谁把门开了？(强调门现在依然还开着。) 例1: --Tom, Can I borrow your magazine --Sorry, I _____it to Mary. A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend 解析：根据句意：---Tom, 我能借用一下你的杂志吗？ ---对不起，我把它借给玛丽了。 首先借的动作肯定是发生在过去，先排除C和D. 另外，借的动作已经对现在产生了影响，因为我借不了了。选择现在完成时。 答案：B 例2: I left my pen in the desk and now it's gone, who ______it A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken 解析：根据句意：我把笔丢在课桌里了，现在它不见了，是谁拿走啦？首先拿走的的动作肯定是发生在过去，先排除C和D。另外，拿走的动作已经对现在产生了影响，因为现在笔不见了。如果选择一般过去时，那笔不一定现在不在了。因此选择现在完成时。 答案：B 知识点2：结构上的区别 时态结构一般过去时主语+ was/ were+其他 主语+ 动词过去式+其他现在完成时主语+has/ have +动词过去分词
知识点3：时间状语的区别 时态时间状语一般过去时yesterday, the other day (= a few days ago), last…, … ago, the day before yesterday, just now, in +过去时间现在完成时already, ever, just, recently, (not) yet, so far (迄今为止), up to now, till now, since, never, before
批注：老师讲解时，需要提醒学生养成良好的做题习惯，解题时，若出现明确的过去时间状语，则不用现在完成时态，而用一般过去时。 例1: Julie's father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times. A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been C. went; has been D. has been; had gone 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句意：“上个月朱莉的爸爸去伦敦。他已经去过那里3次了。”，前一句是一般过去时，因为有明显的标志语“last month”。后一句则是现在完成时，有明显的时间three times. 答案：C 例2: —How long have you ____here —For two days. I _____here the day before yesterday. A. been; came B. come; came C. came; came D. been; been 解析:上句How long(多长时间)询问时间段，故句中应用延续性谓语动词，come为非延续性动词，故排除B、C；由答语中the day before yesterday可知下句后一分句为一般过去时，come的过去时为came. 答案：A 例3: --Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary --Yes, I _____there for three days with my parents last month. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was 解析: 句意：---Mary，你去过上海吗？----是的，我上个月和我父母在那呆了三天。首先这个句子的真正时间信号词是“last month”所以用一般过去时，其次这个句子的附加时间信号词是“for three days”显然是一段时间，所以只能用"was"，be动词一般表状态的。 答案：D 知识点4：特殊情况 1. 现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，所以若是过去发生的一个动作，现在情况已经发生的变化，则不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时。 e.g.: I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now. 批注：若用I have put my ruler in my pencil-box, 则过去的动作put对现在的影响是“尺子还在笔袋里”，但实际上我现在找不到了，说明现在情况发生了变化，不用现在完成时。 例1：My father (work) in a factory for five years. But now he is a teacher. 解析：这道题是有点难度的。很多学生会误填has worked. 因为看见了现在完成时的时间状语“for five years”。在讲解时要注意这里的“已经五年了”是到现在的时间点为止，但是从后句的“But now he is a teacher”说明他在工厂工作五年不是延续到现在的五年。因此在工厂工作是过去就结束的动作，对现在无影响。因此应用一般过去时。 答案：worked 2. 现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用, when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。 e.g.: ----The train has left. ----When did the train leave e.g.: Where have you been 例1: When _____you _______ your dictionary A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose 解析：首先C.和D肯定不正确，不可能预测以后的事，也不可能总是丢东西；在A和B中，主要是询问这个动作什么时候发生的，而没有涉及与现在的联系。 答案：A 3. 现在完成时五大句型： 1) It’s +一段时间+since…(或It has been +一段时间+since…) e.g.: It is 8 years since I came to Nanjing. = It has been 8 years since I came to Nanjing. 2) This is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that +从句（从句用现在完成时） e.g.: This is the saddest film that I have ever seen. 3) Where have you been 4) There have/ has been … e.g.: There have been great changes to my hometown in the past two years. 5) It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时） e.g.: It is the first time that I have visited Beijing. 批注：1）最后一个句型要注意和It is one’s first/ second time to do sth.区分 2） 这个知识点在初二范围内用到的较多的是3和4，老师课上可以根据学生的情况选取讲解。 (
强化练习
) 检测题（一）：单项选择 ( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder I can’t see it anywhere. ---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone! did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put ( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school. A. taught; came B. has taught; came C. taught; has come D. has taught; has come ( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______ 10 minutes ago. (山东) A. left B. has left C. has been left D. had left ( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重庆) A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen ( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa （宁波） ---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday. A. have visited B. had visited C. visited D. visit ( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京) ---- I ______ in Beijing. I’ve just come back. A. hadn’t seen; am B. haven’t seen; was C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; shall be ( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here ---- There ______ very little rain. A. has B. has been C. are D. have been ( ) 8. Where ______ you _______ Which answer is not right A. are; going B. have; been C. did; go D. are; going ( ) 9. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago. A. were B. have C. are D. have been ( ) 10. --- Who will go to the airport to meet Jenny --- I will. I _______ her several times. I can find her easily. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet ( ) 11. It’s 7:30. I can’t believe you _______ cooking dinner yet, Sally. A. haven’t started B. didn’t start C. don’t start D. hasn’t started ( ) 12. --- What a nice bike! How long _______ you _______ it --- Just two weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had Keys： 1-5 B B A A C 6-12 B B D D B A D 检测题（二）：根据中文写出单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They___________ (clean) the windows already. So the room looks bright. 2. Nice to see you. I ___________ (not, see) you for a long time. 3. She __________ (clean) the room just now. 4. The man________ (see) you yesterday. 5._______ you ever ________ (be) to Guangzhou 6. My father _________ to France last month. And I ______ already ______ (get ) many letters from him. 7. —Would you like some bananas —No, thanks. I (eat) one already. 8. They _________ (eat) up all the food, but they still feel hungry. 9. ---Turn off the radio, dear. Baby is sleeping. ---There is no need. He ________ (wake) up. 10. ---Tell me how long you __________ (have) a cold. ---Ever since last night. Keys：1. have cleaned 2. haven’t seen 3. cleaned 4. saw 5. Have; been 6. got; have; got 7. have eaten 8. have eaten 9. has waken 10. have had (
回顾小结
) (
课后作业
) 作业1：根据句意，从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当的形式填空。 (
gather, several, island, huge, south, pick, trade
) 1. WTO stands for World ______ Organization. 2. Now _____ another city, try to start your online tour. 3. _____ students are standing under the tall tree. 4. Guangzhou is a big city in the ________ part of China. 5. The driver had to stop his car because a ________ stone was in the road. 6. Hainan_____ is the second biggest one in China. 7. Old people like____ in the park to do sport in the morning. Keys：Trade; pick; Several; southern; huge; Island; gathering 作业2：用所给词的正确形式填空 1. — Have you ______ (hear) that Margaret Thatcher (撒切尔夫人) passed away in April, 2013 — Yes. I think it’s a great loss. 2. —Is your father at home —No, I’m afraid he ____________(go) out. 3. Miss Lee (teach) us English since she came here three years ago. 4. －Is everybody here －No, sir. Jim _______________(not arrive) yet. He is still on the way. 5. There ___________(not be) much snow here in the past three years. 6. The old computer _______(break) down easily, so I had to restart it again and again. 7.—Why are you so happy today —Because I _____(win)the badminton match yesterday. 8. Yesterday I （buy）a new dress at the Macy’s for my mum. 9. The audience _______(clap) and screamed with joy after the last performance ended. 10. Last week, she ________ (select) a teddy bear as a birthday present for her daughter. 答案：1-5 heard; has gone; has taught; hasn’t arrived; hasn’t been; 6-10 broke; won; bought; clapped; selected 作业3：单项选择 1. －Have you seen Dr. Adams recently －No. He __________ Hong Kong for an international meeting. He’ll come back tomorrow. A.has gone in B. has been in C. has gone to D. has been to 2. 一Frank, you look worried. Anything wrong 一Well, I______a test and I’ m waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. am taking D. take 3. — Have you read the book called Around the world in Eighty Days — Who ________ it A. will write B. wrote C. was writing D. has written 4. —Your English is good. —Thank you. I _______ it for three years. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. had learned 5. Tony _______ football every weekend when he was young. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played 6.—How well do you know the Opera House —I know the place very well. I ____ Sydney many times. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in 7. —Where is Jack I haven’t seen him for a long time. —He ______ HK with his family. I think he is having a wonderful time there. went to B. was in C. has gone to D. has been to 8. —Oh, I’m sorry for being late. —It doesn’t matter. The film for just five minutes. A. started B. has started C. has been on D. had been on 9. —Look at these stamps. I them for five years. —Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought D. Keep 10. --Mike, why are you watching TV again --I ______my homework. A.finish B.finished C.have finished D.had finished 答案:CBBCB; BCCBC 批注：作业2和3主要是针对本单元的语法，即时态部分，教师可以根据学生的情况，进行选择使用。 作业4：翻译句子 1. 请在“Tour”图标上点击。 Please ___________ the “Tour” icon. 2. 你曾经听说过那位歌手吗？ Have you __________________________the singer 3. 上海是世界闻名的贸易中心吗？ Is Shanghai a ______________________________ 4. 房间中央是两张桌子。 In the center of the room _________________________. 5. 那个公园是放松的好地方。 The park is ____________________________________. 6. 明早六点在此集合。 Please __________________ at six tomorrow morning. 7. 当时我看到他们正在打篮球。 I ________________________ at that time. 8. 自从时就世界以来，这个镇就以它古老的建筑而闻名。 The town ________________________________its old buildings______________. 9. 答案在本页底部。 The answers are ________________________. Keys: 1. click on 2. ever heard of 3. world-famous trade center 4. are two tables 5. the best place to relax 6. gather here 7. saw them playing basketball 8. has been famous for; since then 9. at the bottom of the page 作业5：完型填空（2013无锡） My parents have always loved everything about India, so a year ago we went on holiday there. It’s a wonderful 15 with beautiful scenes and interesting people. However, I didn’t enjoy Indian 16 very much. On the second day we planned to see an old palace. At the 17 they said. “If you go by train, it’ll take you only two hours to get there.” However, the hot 18 took over four hours. I was very 19 when we got there , so we had some rice and vegetables with bread in a small restaurant. We were 20 to find it was quite nice. I wasn’t full up though and I saw a man nearby eating some little meatballs. I said to my dad, “I’ve been eating rice all week. Can I have some meatballs please ” Well, they looked delicious so I ate the first one very 21. I was just putting the second one in my mouth when I felt myself 22 —my mouth was on fire! I started to cough（咳嗽）and there were tears (泪水)in my eyes. I couldn’t 23 how spicy (辛辣的) it was! I drank about ten glasses of water but the worst thing was everyone was laughing at me. You couldn’t make me eat another Indian meatball for all the 24 in the world! 15.A. town B. city C. country D. restaurant 16.A. food B. scenes C. people D. costumes 17.A. palace B. hotel C. airport D. entrance 18 .A. sail B. walk C. drive D. ride 19. A. hungry B. curious C. cheerful D. nervous 20.A.shocked B. surprised C. bored D. tired 21.A. quietly B. easily C. quickly D. gently 22.A. burning B. watering C. crying D. smiling 23.A. feel B. believe C. think D. know 24. A. diet B. luck C. time D. money Keys: 15 ----19 C AB DA 20-----24 BCA A A 作业6：阅读理解 Shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. Why do people use the Internet to shop Some people say it is more convenient. They don’t have to leave their homes to order something; they can shop anything they want at any time; they can find things for sale that they can’t find in the stores near their homes. Still other people say they can find better prices on the Internet. If you want to buy something on the Internet, you need a credit card. You have to type your credit card number and information on the website and send them to the store over the Internet. You have to be sure that the store will not use your information in the wrong way. You don’t want someone to get your credit number, so be careful with it, because people sometimes steal credit numbers from stores. 1. If you want to shop on the Internet, you need ____. A. an ID card B. a credit card C. an IC card D. a room card 2. Some people use the internet to shop because____. A. they can sleep all day long B. they want to leave their homes C. they want to play with their friends D. they can get things with less money 3. The Chinese meaning of the word “convenient” in this passage is “______”. A. 时髦的 B. 较近的 C. 方便的 D. 可用的 Keys: BDC
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