2022届高考英语二轮复习考点题号一对一（3）阅读理解C篇（含解析）
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（3）阅读理解C篇——【新高考】2022届高考英语二轮复习考点题号一对一
一
Video conferencing has been around for more than 20 years. Until the Covid-19 pandemic, though, you would find that many people needing to attend a meeting remotely would be calling from a real conference room full of their teammates. Today, we're routinely holding video conferences that are 100% virtual (虚拟).And this is creating a problem that technology can't fix.
The problem is us, specifically the fact that we haven't evolved socially to the point where we can bear much separation. So much of our well-being and work productivity is decided on how close we are physically. The removal of that for any period of time can be severely damaging. One surprising victim of social distancing is laughter
Normally people laugh about 18 times per day. And 97% of that time we're laughing with others - we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than to laugh alone. Think about it: how often when you and your friends laugh at something, is that something actually funny Research shows that 80% of what people laugh at is really not that funny.
So why do people laugh They laugh in order to laugh with others. Just as everyone starts yawning (打哈欠) when just one person yawns, most people can't help but laugh when those around them do. This is why TV comedy shows often use prerecorded laugh tracks.
Laughing in response to other people's laughing is not just a behavioral phenomenon. When we laugh, our body produces two key chemicals: endorphin which helps relieve pain and sets off feelings of pleasure, and dopamine which can improve learning, motivation and attention. In fact, studies show that people can stand 15% more pain simply by laughing for a few minutes beforehand. Laughter is also associated with higher motivation and productivity at work.
In today's home-alone, virtual-team world, this is exactly what you as a team leader should be doing: for your team members to stay healthy and productive, you need to get them to laugh more and stress less.
1.What is the problem mentioned at the start of the text
A.Physical weakness. B.Lack of technology.
C.Social distancing. D.Reliance or virtual conference.
2.The underlined word "This" in paragraph 4 refers to the fact that ______.
A.laugh tracks are popular B.laughing is uncontrollable
C.laughing starts with yawning D.laughing comes more easily in groups
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why laughing is important to work.
B.How laughing keeps us physically healthy.
C.Whether laughing is a behavioral phenomenon.
D.What chemicals our body produces when we laugh
4.What would the author most probably discuss next
A.Concrete steps to produce laughter in a team.
B.Other factors that may influence a team's health.
C.Ways to tell the real world from the virtual world.
D.The importance of maintaining work productivity.
二
Once a circle missed a wedge (楔子) . The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. Finally it found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.
In some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to hope and to nourish (滋润) his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.
There is wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. There is wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive一he or she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.
Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved wholeness that others can only long for.
1.Which may be an example of being whole
A.A person has everything.
B.A person accepts his or her limitations.
C.A person loves someone and is also loved.
D.A person feels blue for dropping unrealistic goals.
2.How is a baseball season similar to life
A.Easy come, easy go.
B.Failure is the mother of success.
C.Energy and persistence conquer all things.
D.Some battles you win and some battles you lose.
3.How does the author clarify his idea
A.Mainly by arguing. B.Mainly by informing.
C.Mainly by comparing. D.Mainly by reasoning.
4.What can be the best title for the passage
A.No pains, no gains B.Be whole in our life
C.Pursue perfection in life D.Life without mistakes is whole
三
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.
Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500 species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says "Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation(开垦) because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion".
The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don't have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time in protecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds. One species that doesn't exist now is the Eskimo curlew. "Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species," one of the scientists says.
The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopping areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might die.
One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.
He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.
1.What mainly caused the disappearing of birds' habitats
A.The decrease of awareness to protect birds. B.Natural disasters.
C.Overuse of land by human beings. D.The rising sea level.
2.What may be the main reason for many birds' death on the way of migration
A.Exhaustion and hunger. B.Beast attack on the ground.
C.Hunting of humans. D.The long journey.
3.According to the last two paragraphs, how should we protect the migrating birds
A.By keeping fewer cats or dogs.
B.By restoring their destroyed habitats.
C.By helping change the birds' migration paths.
D.By preserving the ecological environments on their migration paths.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To tell us a huge percentage of bird species are in danger.
B.To analyze the reasons for disappearing of birds' habitats.
C.To offer some solutions to the problem of birds' habitats.
D.To call on people to protect the birds' habitats.
四
Not long after the first fitness magazine was published, a list probably followed soon after, ranking the best fitness equipment. This tradition has continued, with the implied message: use this and exercise will be yours.
And that's part of the problem, says Dr. Lieberman, a professor of Harvard University. There isn't one "best" anything to achieve fitness. Besides, people understand exercise is good for them. Knowledge about exercise still doesn't motivate.
Before you can answer why, it helps to look at history. Before the Industrial Revolution, people fetched water and walked up stairs because they had to. But then technology made life and work easier. Exercise has become something that people have to carve out time for. "It's a fundamental instinct(本能) to avoid physical activity when it's neither necessary nor rewarding," he says.
It would seem like being healthy would qualify as necessary, but a doctor's prescription to exercise "can make it like taking cod liver oil(鱼肝油)," Lieberman says. "Sometimes it works, but more often than not, it doesn't." And it's still coming across as an order, and "not having a heart attack in five years is not an immediate reward," says Dr. Beth Frates, assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.
People might not want to exercise because it's never been enjoyable. Most of us probably have memories of gym class, not being picked for a team, or being in a fitness center that's filled with in-shape people. The majority don't feel excited. They feel that exercise isn't for them, but it can be. Coaching people in an empowering and motivating way can work much better than ordering someone to exercise. It starts with an expanded definition of what counts as exercise, and an injection(注入) of what's rarely used to describe exercise, but is certainly allowed: namely, fun.
1.What does the underlined "this" in paragraph 1 refer to
A.The magazine. B.The tradition.
C.The equipment. D.The message.
2.What can we infer about technology
A.It improves life quality. B.It saves people's time.
C.It drives social progress. D.It makes exercise less likely.
3.Why does the author mention "cod liver oil" in paragraph 4
A.To attach importance to health. B.To present a doctor's prescription.
C.To explain exercise is considered inessential. D.To introduce the latest medical application.
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A.Exercise should be made more joyful. B.It's more fun to work out with others.
C.We may encounter bad workout experiences. D.Orders work well to motivate people to exercise.
五
What exactly is intelligence There aren't any easy answers. Despite the progress that has been made in genetics and psychology, human intelligence has remained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene(基因) linked to intelligence has made the experts think again.
Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been looking into genetic make-up. From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ. Plomin analyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15. What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question, while only 16% in the second group did. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage. He suggests that there are probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than just one.
Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this. Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius Explained, is one of these. "The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers."
Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn't everything. Many alternative views have been put forward recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors(因素) in intelligence.
Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geniuses(天才) do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence. He lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples. At the same time, Buzan believes that everyone can develop their intelligence, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain. Perhaps there's hope for us all!
1.What is the topic of the passage
A.The relationship between genes and intelligence.
B.IQ benefits a lot from high intelligence.
C.How to develop intelligence.
D.What makes intelligence.
2.Why does the author use data in Paragraph 2
A.To make a suggestion. B.To draw a conclusion.
C.To prove an idea. D.To give an example.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Robert Plomin confirms genes have something in common.
B.Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors.
C.Michael Rowe approves of a strong link between IQ and career.
D.Tony Buzan agrees geniuses exercise brain to improve intelligence.
4.What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.The development of intelligence. B.The idea of multiple intelligences.
C.IQ isn't everything for intelligence. D.Alternative views have been put forward.
六
A small but shining silver lining: The corona-virus has quickened the shift to pedal power in Europe. The German Cycling Association (ADFC) reports that Germans across the country are spending twice as much time biking as they were before the COVID-19. There is growing demand for bikes and shared-bike subscriptions, and now even shortages throughout bicycle supply chain. For bike shops it's an unexpected boom. So much so that it requires cities to improve their biking facilities.
In unimagined numbers, bikes are starting to take the place of cars in our cities. It has increased 930 miles of new bike lanes(车道) in Europe, "muscling aside cars on Europe's city streets," according to European Cyclists Federation. Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands are pioneering fast lanes for riders. "Pop-up lanes" are being used for bikes in Berlin and Paris; Rome has painted new bike lanes, in each case taking away lanes from cars.
Women riders are reportedly another big factor in the biking transformation. E-bikes are, too. E-bikes use an onboard battery to boost power when the rider is going up a hill, or just needs a rest. E-bikes have removed "the sweat factor." Who wants to show up to work or a party sweaty
The European Cyclists' Federation states that bikes are also strongly supported by European governments to cut carbon and increase the quality of their cities. European countries provide direct financial stimulation for cyclists.
At the end of April, France announced a 20 million Euro plan to promote cycling after the end of the lockdown. The plan includes 50 Euro vouchers(代金券) for the repair of a bike. Italy worked on a regulation for Covid recovery, by means of which 120 million Euro was set aside to cover 70% and up to 500 Euro of the price of conventional, muscle-powered and electric bikes.
1.What is the passage mainly about
A.The impact of the pandemic on people's life. B.The bicycle industry booms in Europe.
C.The preference for bicycles globally. D.The shift in choice on public transportation.
2.How many factors contribute to the growing demand for bikes in Europe
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Measures have been taken to encourage Europeans to use bikes.
B.E-bikes become popular with Europeans because they are lazy.
C.More women in Europe choose to go to work by bike than men.
D.Financial support is the main reason why Europeans choose bikes.
4.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.a guidebook. B.a business plan.
C.a science report. D.a newspaper.
七
A 63-year-old Chinese carpenter's traditional skills have become an unexpected Internet hit as he creates woodwork with a single piece of wood, without glue, screws or nails. Wang De wen, known as "Grandpa Amu" on YouTube, has been praised as the modern day Lu Ban, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry(木工手艺) knowledge.
Grandpa Amu's most popular video, which shows him making a delicate wooden arch bridge, has gone viral on YouTube, gaining more than 40 million views. "If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn't mean there's only happiness and no pain." Grandpa Amu shared when talking about his excellent carpentry skills.
His most popular works include a folding stool, a model of the China pavilion from the 2010 Shanghai Expo, and an apple-shaped interlocking puzzle, known as a Lu Ban lock. Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon(榫卯) technique, which means no nails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge.
The master carpenter has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. His young grandson's favorites include a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing machine. Attracting over 1.17 million fans on YouTube, Grandpa Amu's videos so far have gained more than 200 million views.
His wonderful woodworking skills, using .the same mortise and tenon joints found in the Forbidden City, were developed from the age of thirteen as a way of supporting his family in East China's Shandong Province. "The grandson is so happy as there have been so many fine and unique toys made by grandpa from an early age," commented one netizen; while another said "It's amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on!"
1.Why is Grandpa Amu regarded as the modern day Lu Ban
A.For his simple words. B.For his popular videos.
C.For his carpentry skills. D.For his excellent arch bridge.
2.What do Grandpa Amu's remarks mean in Paragraph 2
A.Theory is from pracitce. B.Success depends on love.
C.Excellent skills lie in hard work. D.Happiness comes from interest.
3.What is the unique feature of Grandpa Amu's craft works
A.No nails or glue. B.Delicate design.
C.The apple shape. D.The wooden material.
4.What message does this text mainly convey
A.Being popular means more fans.
B.Perfect skills earn more money.
C.Supporting family needs more skills.
D.Traditional crafts deserve passing on.
八
Ever since the success of Apollo 11, when lunar travel was finally publicly acknowledged to be safe for humans, people have been waiting for the day when space would be opened up on a large scale to those who are not astronauts. It has finally become a reality, at least for people who have the means. The space flights are not cheap—each flight into outer space costs about U.S. $ 20 million.
But space travel agencies now have a clever plan to offer suborbital (亚轨道的) flights, which cost about U.S. $100 000. A lunar mission is also made available by space tourism agency, Space Adventures, where tourists, accompanied by one professional astronaut, would be able to reach within 100km of the Moon's surface, enabling them to see the bright far-side of the moon and witness Earth rising above the surface of the moon.
Further extending the idea of space tourism, plans are underway to open a resort in space. In Galactic Suite Space Resort, a space resort started by a Spanish entrepreneur, guests are promised a remarkable experience with an orbital stay onboard with first-class resort facilities; they can enjoy a weightless spa as they watch 15 sunsets in one day; and tourists would be able to complete a single orbit in 80 minutes—all this while staying in a bio-inspired space, similar to a tropical paradise island!
Space tourism is, however, not environmentally-friendly. There are suggestions that black carbon emitted by the spacecraft could raise temperatures at the poles, contributing to global warming. An increase in space travel would mean that Man would not only leave his footprint in space but also his waste—space tourism can lead to pollution of the environment of the outer space.
Without a doubt, space tourism opens up new exciting possibilities. With time, the price would become more reasonable. Increasing commercialisation of space would also mean that a structure would be put in place for the disposal of rubbish. However, with no immediate solutions, space tourism would probably prove to be yet another controversial (有争议的) adventure of mankind.
1.What does the word "means" in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Methods. B.Courage. C.Money. D.Dreams.
2.What do we know about the Galactic Suite Space Resort
A.It enables guests to see the bright far-side of the moon.
B.It offers high quality service to guests.
C.It promises guests can go around the world in one day.
D.It is built on a tropical paradise island.
3.What is the future of space tourism according to the last paragraph
A.Bright. B.Uncertain. C.Meaningless. D.Disastrous.
4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To talk about the topic of space travel.
B.To warn people of the danger of space travel.
C.To encourage people to travel in space.
D.To call on people to protect outer space.
答案以及解析
一
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.A
解析：1.细节题。题干问文章开头提及的问题是什么 定位到Para 1&2,P1 结尾"And this is creating a problem that technology can't fix",视频会议导致了一个科技无法解决的问题。P2 开头:这个问题是一个事实,我们现在社交上还没有进化到能够忍受长期分离的地步。故选择 C 选项,社交距离。
2.细节题。题干问第四段的 this 指的是什么事实 定位到第四段的 this 的前一句,这里提到人们笑的原因是当周围的其他人笑时,大部分人也忍不住一起笑。而这个笑的原因也就是为什么喜剧节目经常使用预录的罐头笑声。故选择 D 选项,人们在人群中会更容易笑。
3.主旨题。题干问第五段的大意是什么 定位到 P5,本段大意:承接 P4, 笑不仅仅是一个行为现象。当我们笑时,身体会产生两种关键的化学物质,帮助我们缓解疼痛,感到愉悦,提高学习、动力、专注力。事实上,笑和工作时的高动机和高效率有关。B 选项,笑是如何使得我们身体健康,此处的 physically 不够准确,更应该是 mentally。同时,结合上文章背景工作,故选择 A 选项,为什么笑对工作很重要。
4.细节题。题干问作者在后续更可能讨论什么 定位到 P6,作为团队领导, 为了使你的队员保持健康且高效,你应该使他们多笑减压。 故而选 A,在团队中产生微笑的具体步骤。
二
答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句 There is wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. 可知一个接受了自己的局限性的人是完整的。故正确答案为B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段第一句 Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. 可知棒球赛季与生活的相似之处在于都会有输有赢。故正确答案为D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第三段的大意,可知作者将不缺少东西的人和接受了自己的局限性人进行对比。文章最后一段则将棒球和生活进行对比。因此作者主要是通过作比较的方法来行文的。故C项正确。A项,"主要是通过争论",B项,"主要是通过通知",D项,"主要靠推理",均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
4.主旨大意题。本文作者通过圆和楔子的小故事感悟出这样的道理:从某种奇怪的意义上讲,当我们失去某些东西的时候或接受了自己的局限性之后,我们反而会更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。B项意为"在我们的生活中保持完整",符合文意。故B项正确。A项,"没有付出就没有回报"。文章没有提及。故A项错误。C项,"追求生活的完美"。文章强调的是不要追求生活的完美,要接受自己的局限。故C项错误。D项,"没有错误的生活是完整的"。文章没有提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。
三
答案：1-4 CADD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.科学家说,一大部分鸟类正处于危险之中,因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。以及第三段Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says "Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation(开垦) because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion".建筑物和人行道覆盖了鸟类从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方时停下来觅食的地方。从事这项研究的一位科学家说,"由于城市、工业和农业用地的扩张,这些重要的地方中的许多已经被土地复垦所取代"。由此可知,鸟类栖息地的消失是因为人类过度使用土地导致而成的。分析选项可知C项(Overuse of land by human beings)符合题意,故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don't have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey.根据科学家的说法,问题是这些小鸟中的许多都是在迁徙途中死去的,因为它们没有一个安全的地方来进食和休息。可知,许多鸟类在迁徙途中死亡的主要原因是迁徙中因为筋疲力尽和饥饿。由此可知A项Exhaustion and hunger(筋疲力尽和饥饿)符合题意,故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.以及最后一段like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.文章最后两段说,虽然鸟儿的一些栖息地正在改变,但可以做更多的事让迁徙途经城市地区的鸟类安全。结合最后一段列举的两项举措,比如种植更多的本地植物或者把猫关在鸟类可能使用的区域之外,这可能会产生很大的影响。可推断出,最后两段我们要保护好迁徙的动物,就要保护好迁徙途中的生态环境。故选D。
4.目的意图题。作者写本文的目的就是号召大家一起保护鸟儿的栖息地。文章第一段Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.鸟类正处于危险之中,因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。从第二段至第四段叙述了鸟儿的栖息地消失的原因及存在的安全隐患。最后三段就如何让鸟儿的栖息地安全提出了建议,各国需要共同努力,为通过其边界的鸟类提供安全的栖息区域。要从小事做起,并号召大家共同努力一起保护鸟儿的栖息地。可知D项(呼吁人们保护鸟类的栖息地)符合题意,故选D。
四
答案：1-4 CDCA
解析： 1.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文"Not long after the first fitness magazine was published, a list probably followed soon after, ranking the best fitness equipment."可知,在第一本健身杂志出版后不久,可能很快就会有一个列表,列出了最好的健身器材,所以其中隐含的信息是:使用这个健身器材,锻炼就属于你了。故this指的是"健身器材"。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中"Before you can answer why, it helps to look at history. Before the Industrial Revolution, people fetched water and walked up stairs because they had to. But then technology made life and work easier. Exercise has become something that people have to carve out time for. "It's a fundamental instinct(本能) to avoid physical activity when it's neither necessary nor rewarding," he says.(在工业革命之前,人们取水上楼是因为他们不得不这样做。但后来科技让生活和工作变得更容易。锻炼已经成为人们不得不抽出时间来做的事情。他说:"当没有必要也没有回报时,避免体育活动是一种基本的本能。")"可推知,科技使运动变得不太可能。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段"It would seem like being healthy would qualify as necessary, but a doctor's prescription to exercise "can make it like taking cod liver oil(鱼肝油)," Lieberman says. "Sometimes it works, but more often than not, it doesn't." And it's still coming across as an order, and "not having a heart attack in five years is not an immediate reward," says Dr. Beth Frates, assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.(看起来健康是必要的,但医生的处方锻炼"会让它像服用鱼肝油,"Lieberman说。"有时它能起作用,但更多时候,它不会。"哈佛医学院助理教授Beth Frates博士说,这仍然是一种命令,"五年内没有心脏病发作并不是立即得到的回报。")"故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段"People might not want to exercise because it's never been enjoyable. Most of us probably have memories of gym class, not being picked for a team, or being in a fitness center that's filled with in-shape people. The majority don't feel excited. They feel that exercise isn't for them, but it can be. Coaching people in an empowering and motivating way can work much better than ordering someone to exercise. It starts with an expanded definition of what counts as exercise, and an injection(注入) of what's rarely used to describe exercise, but is certainly allowed: namely, fun.(人们可能不想锻炼,因为它从来都不是令人愉快的。我们大多数人可能都记得上体育课,没有被选入团队,或者在健身中心挤满了身材好的人。大多数人并不感到兴奋。他们觉得锻炼不适合他们,但其实可以。以一种授权和激励的方式指导人们比命令他们锻炼要有效得多。首先,它扩展了运动的定义,并注入了很少被用来描述运动,但肯定被允许的东西:即乐趣)"可知,最后一段的主要内容是运动应该变得更有趣。故选A。
五
答案：1-4 DCBB
解析：1.主旨大意题。由文章的第一自然段What exactly is intelligence 开篇,下文均是围绕这一问题展开,由此可知答案为D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ.从他们的研究中,他们已经发现,在高智商的这些人中,他们的基因都有稍微的不同,这点是相同的。An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question,分析显示,在高智商的小孩儿中有百分之三十二都有思考问题的基因.所以下文他们用的数据是为了来证明这一观点.故答案应为C。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn't everything. Many alternative views have been put forward recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner.许多心理学家认为,当谈到智力的时候,智商并不代表一切,许多新的观点已经被提出,其中包括多元智力说。由此可知Howard Gardner认为,智力包括多个因素是正确的.故答案为B。
4.词义猜测题。根据第四段中的"One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory"可知,其中的一个例子就是20世纪80年代由Howard Gardner提出的多元智力说,它提供了一个比智商理论更为宽广的观点,由此可知This指代的就是前面提到的多元智力说,故B项正确。
六
答案：1-4 BCAD
解析：1.主旨大意题。从文章第一段There is growing demand for bikes and shared-bike subscriptions, and now even shortages throughout bicycle supply chain. For bike shops it's an unexpected boom.即可看出本文讨论的是欧洲自行车行业的发展。因此答案为B。
2.细节理解题。文章里一共讨论了四项原因,分别是:第一段提及的疫情的影响;第三段提到的女性的选择、电动自行车的出现;第四段提及的欧洲国家提供的财政支持。因此答案为C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章里提及的自行车道的拓建、政府财政的支持可以推断出A为答案。B错误的原因是电动自行车变得流行的原因是其方便性,而不是欧洲人的懒惰问题。C错误的原因是文中没有将女性、男性进行对比。D错误的原因是政府财政支持并非其主要原因。
4.推理判断题。本文讨论的是在欧洲国家出现的对自行车需求激增的社会现象,并分析了背后的原因。这是对社会现象的讨论与分析,因此答案为D。
七
答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段Wang De wen, known as "Grandpa Amu" on YouTube, has been praised as the modern day LuBan, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry knowledge.(在YouTube上被称为"阿木爷爷"的王德文,因其丰富的木工知识,被誉为当代的鲁班)可知,阿木爷爷王德文因为其丰富的木匠知识被称之为当代鲁班。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn't mean there's only happiness and no pain.(做一件事,就要热爱它,就要对它感兴趣;然而,感兴趣并不意味着只有快乐就没有痛苦)可知,要做好一件事情喜欢和热爱是前提,但是想要做好件事单凭兴趣是远远不够的。由此推知,想要做好一件事,不仅需要兴趣爱好,还需要投入大量的时间和精力来练习。即精湛的技能需要反复地训练。故选C。
3.A.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon technique, which means nonails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge.(阿木爷爷遵循中国古代的榫卯技术,也就是说,在建造拱桥的整个过程中,没有钉子和胶水的参与)可知,阿木爷爷的作品遵循中国古代的榫卯技术,没有使用钉子和胶水。A. No nails or glue没有钉子和胶水;B. Delicate design精致的设计;C. The apple shape苹果的形状;D. The wooden material木质材料。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段It's amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on!(太棒了。我希望这些传统工艺能够传承下去)可知,作者引用网友的评论想要表面这种精湛的传统木匠技术应该代代流传下去。即传统手工艺值得传承。故选D。
八
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.词句猜测题 . 根据第一段 "The space flights are not cheap — each flight into outer space costs about U.S. 20 million. (太空飞行并不便宜, 每次进入外层空间的飞行费用约为 2000 万美元) " 可知, 太空飞行的费用不低, 但是至少对于有钱人来说, 它已经变成了现实. 由此推知, 划线词means 指的money. 故选C 项.
2.细节理解题 . 根据第三段 "In Galactic Suite Space Resort, a space resort started by a Spanish entrepreneur, guests are promised a remarkable experience with an orbital stay onboard with first-class resort facilities; they can enjoy a weightless spa as they watch 15 sunsets in one day; and tourists would be able to complete a single orbit in 80 minutes—all this while staying in a bio-inspired space, similar to a tropical paradise island!(在由一位西班牙企业家创办的银河套房太空度假胜地 , 游客们被承诺将获得一次非凡的体验, 在飞船上享受一流的度假设施 ; 他们可以享受一次太空旅行 , 在一天内观看15 次日落 , 可以在80分钟内完成一次单轨道飞行 , 所有这些都是待在一个类似热带天堂岛的仿生空间里完成的 ! ) " 可知, Galactic Suite Space Resort为游客们提供高质量的服务 . 故选 B 项 .
3.推理判断题 . 根据最后一段 "However, with no immediate solutions, space tourism would probably prove to be yet another controversial adventure of mankind. (然而, 如果没有立即的解决方案, 太空旅游可能将被证明是人类另一次有争议的冒险) " 可知, 太空旅行的未来是不确定的. 故选B项.
4.推理判断题 . 文章第一段提出太空旅行对于少数人成为现实 ; 第二、三段说明了人们进行太空旅行需要的花费和可能会享受到的服务 , 第四段指出太空旅行可能会对环境造成污染 ; 最后一段提出太空旅行开辟了新的可能性 , 价格也更加合理 , 但是对于如何处理垃圾 , 人们要想出解决方案 , 否则太空旅行即将是有争议的 . 可知文章是围绕太空旅行这一主题进行讨论 . 故选 A项 .
一
Video conferencing has been around for more than 20 years. Until the Covid-19 pandemic, though, you would find that many people needing to attend a meeting remotely would be calling from a real conference room full of their teammates. Today, we're routinely holding video conferences that are 100% virtual (虚拟).And this is creating a problem that technology can't fix.
The problem is us, specifically the fact that we haven't evolved socially to the point where we can bear much separation. So much of our well-being and work productivity is decided on how close we are physically. The removal of that for any period of time can be severely damaging. One surprising victim of social distancing is laughter
Normally people laugh about 18 times per day. And 97% of that time we're laughing with others - we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than to laugh alone. Think about it: how often when you and your friends laugh at something, is that something actually funny Research shows that 80% of what people laugh at is really not that funny.
So why do people laugh They laugh in order to laugh with others. Just as everyone starts yawning (打哈欠) when just one person yawns, most people can't help but laugh when those around them do. This is why TV comedy shows often use prerecorded laugh tracks.
Laughing in response to other people's laughing is not just a behavioral phenomenon. When we laugh, our body produces two key chemicals: endorphin which helps relieve pain and sets off feelings of pleasure, and dopamine which can improve learning, motivation and attention. In fact, studies show that people can stand 15% more pain simply by laughing for a few minutes beforehand. Laughter is also associated with higher motivation and productivity at work.
In today's home-alone, virtual-team world, this is exactly what you as a team leader should be doing: for your team members to stay healthy and productive, you need to get them to laugh more and stress less.
1.What is the problem mentioned at the start of the text
A.Physical weakness. B.Lack of technology.
C.Social distancing. D.Reliance or virtual conference.
2.The underlined word "This" in paragraph 4 refers to the fact that ______.
A.laugh tracks are popular B.laughing is uncontrollable
C.laughing starts with yawning D.laughing comes more easily in groups
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A.Why laughing is important to work.
B.How laughing keeps us physically healthy.
C.Whether laughing is a behavioral phenomenon.
D.What chemicals our body produces when we laugh
4.What would the author most probably discuss next
A.Concrete steps to produce laughter in a team.
B.Other factors that may influence a team's health.
C.Ways to tell the real world from the virtual world.
D.The importance of maintaining work productivity.
二
Once a circle missed a wedge (楔子) . The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. Finally it found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.
In some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to hope and to nourish (滋润) his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.
There is wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. There is wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy and survive一he or she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.
Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved wholeness that others can only long for.
1.Which may be an example of being whole
A.A person has everything.
B.A person accepts his or her limitations.
C.A person loves someone and is also loved.
D.A person feels blue for dropping unrealistic goals.
2.How is a baseball season similar to life
A.Easy come, easy go.
B.Failure is the mother of success.
C.Energy and persistence conquer all things.
D.Some battles you win and some battles you lose.
3.How does the author clarify his idea
A.Mainly by arguing. B.Mainly by informing.
C.Mainly by comparing. D.Mainly by reasoning.
4.What can be the best title for the passage
A.No pains, no gains B.Be whole in our life
C.Pursue perfection in life D.Life without mistakes is whole
三
Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.
Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500 species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says "Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation(开垦) because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion".
The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don't have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time in protecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds. One species that doesn't exist now is the Eskimo curlew. "Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species," one of the scientists says.
The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopping areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might die.
One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.
He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.
1.What mainly caused the disappearing of birds' habitats
A.The decrease of awareness to protect birds. B.Natural disasters.
C.Overuse of land by human beings. D.The rising sea level.
2.What may be the main reason for many birds' death on the way of migration
A.Exhaustion and hunger. B.Beast attack on the ground.
C.Hunting of humans. D.The long journey.
3.According to the last two paragraphs, how should we protect the migrating birds
A.By keeping fewer cats or dogs.
B.By restoring their destroyed habitats.
C.By helping change the birds' migration paths.
D.By preserving the ecological environments on their migration paths.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To tell us a huge percentage of bird species are in danger.
B.To analyze the reasons for disappearing of birds' habitats.
C.To offer some solutions to the problem of birds' habitats.
D.To call on people to protect the birds' habitats.
四
Not long after the first fitness magazine was published, a list probably followed soon after, ranking the best fitness equipment. This tradition has continued, with the implied message: use this and exercise will be yours.
And that's part of the problem, says Dr. Lieberman, a professor of Harvard University. There isn't one "best" anything to achieve fitness. Besides, people understand exercise is good for them. Knowledge about exercise still doesn't motivate.
Before you can answer why, it helps to look at history. Before the Industrial Revolution, people fetched water and walked up stairs because they had to. But then technology made life and work easier. Exercise has become something that people have to carve out time for. "It's a fundamental instinct(本能) to avoid physical activity when it's neither necessary nor rewarding," he says.
It would seem like being healthy would qualify as necessary, but a doctor's prescription to exercise "can make it like taking cod liver oil(鱼肝油)," Lieberman says. "Sometimes it works, but more often than not, it doesn't." And it's still coming across as an order, and "not having a heart attack in five years is not an immediate reward," says Dr. Beth Frates, assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.
People might not want to exercise because it's never been enjoyable. Most of us probably have memories of gym class, not being picked for a team, or being in a fitness center that's filled with in-shape people. The majority don't feel excited. They feel that exercise isn't for them, but it can be. Coaching people in an empowering and motivating way can work much better than ordering someone to exercise. It starts with an expanded definition of what counts as exercise, and an injection(注入) of what's rarely used to describe exercise, but is certainly allowed: namely, fun.
1.What does the underlined "this" in paragraph 1 refer to
A.The magazine. B.The tradition.
C.The equipment. D.The message.
2.What can we infer about technology
A.It improves life quality. B.It saves people's time.
C.It drives social progress. D.It makes exercise less likely.
3.Why does the author mention "cod liver oil" in paragraph 4
A.To attach importance to health. B.To present a doctor's prescription.
C.To explain exercise is considered inessential. D.To introduce the latest medical application.
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A.Exercise should be made more joyful. B.It's more fun to work out with others.
C.We may encounter bad workout experiences. D.Orders work well to motivate people to exercise.
五
What exactly is intelligence There aren't any easy answers. Despite the progress that has been made in genetics and psychology, human intelligence has remained one of the most controversial areas of modern science, until now, that is, for the discovery of a gene(基因) linked to intelligence has made the experts think again.
Robert Plomin of the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues in the US have been looking into genetic make-up. From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ. Plomin analyzed DNA from two groups of 51 children aged between 6 and 15. What he found was that the first group had an IQ of 136, putting them in the top 5% of the population, while the other group had an average IQ of 103. An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question, while only 16% in the second group did. However, there is a lot more research to be done, and Plomin himself is cautious at this early stage. He suggests that there are probably many genes that contribute to intelligence, rather than just one.
Several studies have shown a strong link between IQ and career success, although some psychologists remain unconvinced about this. Professor Michael Rowe, who has written a book called Genius Explained, is one of these. "The people with the highest IQs are not usually the ones who do best in their careers."
Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn't everything. Many alternative views have been put forward recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory, including creativity and communication skills as relevant factors(因素) in intelligence.
Tony Buzan, brain expert and author of Master your Memory, is enthusiastic about this belief, arguing that true geniuses(天才) do indeed appear to combine high levels of each type of intelligence. He lists Alexander the Great, Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein as examples. At the same time, Buzan believes that everyone can develop their intelligence, only if they take the trouble to exercise their brain. Perhaps there's hope for us all!
1.What is the topic of the passage
A.The relationship between genes and intelligence.
B.IQ benefits a lot from high intelligence.
C.How to develop intelligence.
D.What makes intelligence.
2.Why does the author use data in Paragraph 2
A.To make a suggestion. B.To draw a conclusion.
C.To prove an idea. D.To give an example.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Robert Plomin confirms genes have something in common.
B.Howard Gardner thinks intelligence includes various factors.
C.Michael Rowe approves of a strong link between IQ and career.
D.Tony Buzan agrees geniuses exercise brain to improve intelligence.
4.What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.The development of intelligence. B.The idea of multiple intelligences.
C.IQ isn't everything for intelligence. D.Alternative views have been put forward.
六
A small but shining silver lining: The corona-virus has quickened the shift to pedal power in Europe. The German Cycling Association (ADFC) reports that Germans across the country are spending twice as much time biking as they were before the COVID-19. There is growing demand for bikes and shared-bike subscriptions, and now even shortages throughout bicycle supply chain. For bike shops it's an unexpected boom. So much so that it requires cities to improve their biking facilities.
In unimagined numbers, bikes are starting to take the place of cars in our cities. It has increased 930 miles of new bike lanes(车道) in Europe, "muscling aside cars on Europe's city streets," according to European Cyclists Federation. Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands are pioneering fast lanes for riders. "Pop-up lanes" are being used for bikes in Berlin and Paris; Rome has painted new bike lanes, in each case taking away lanes from cars.
Women riders are reportedly another big factor in the biking transformation. E-bikes are, too. E-bikes use an onboard battery to boost power when the rider is going up a hill, or just needs a rest. E-bikes have removed "the sweat factor." Who wants to show up to work or a party sweaty
The European Cyclists' Federation states that bikes are also strongly supported by European governments to cut carbon and increase the quality of their cities. European countries provide direct financial stimulation for cyclists.
At the end of April, France announced a 20 million Euro plan to promote cycling after the end of the lockdown. The plan includes 50 Euro vouchers(代金券) for the repair of a bike. Italy worked on a regulation for Covid recovery, by means of which 120 million Euro was set aside to cover 70% and up to 500 Euro of the price of conventional, muscle-powered and electric bikes.
1.What is the passage mainly about
A.The impact of the pandemic on people's life. B.The bicycle industry booms in Europe.
C.The preference for bicycles globally. D.The shift in choice on public transportation.
2.How many factors contribute to the growing demand for bikes in Europe
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Measures have been taken to encourage Europeans to use bikes.
B.E-bikes become popular with Europeans because they are lazy.
C.More women in Europe choose to go to work by bike than men.
D.Financial support is the main reason why Europeans choose bikes.
4.Where is the passage probably taken from
A.a guidebook. B.a business plan.
C.a science report. D.a newspaper.
七
A 63-year-old Chinese carpenter's traditional skills have become an unexpected Internet hit as he creates woodwork with a single piece of wood, without glue, screws or nails. Wang De wen, known as "Grandpa Amu" on YouTube, has been praised as the modern day Lu Ban, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry(木工手艺) knowledge.
Grandpa Amu's most popular video, which shows him making a delicate wooden arch bridge, has gone viral on YouTube, gaining more than 40 million views. "If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn't mean there's only happiness and no pain." Grandpa Amu shared when talking about his excellent carpentry skills.
His most popular works include a folding stool, a model of the China pavilion from the 2010 Shanghai Expo, and an apple-shaped interlocking puzzle, known as a Lu Ban lock. Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon(榫卯) technique, which means no nails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge.
The master carpenter has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. His young grandson's favorites include a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing machine. Attracting over 1.17 million fans on YouTube, Grandpa Amu's videos so far have gained more than 200 million views.
His wonderful woodworking skills, using .the same mortise and tenon joints found in the Forbidden City, were developed from the age of thirteen as a way of supporting his family in East China's Shandong Province. "The grandson is so happy as there have been so many fine and unique toys made by grandpa from an early age," commented one netizen; while another said "It's amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on!"
1.Why is Grandpa Amu regarded as the modern day Lu Ban
A.For his simple words. B.For his popular videos.
C.For his carpentry skills. D.For his excellent arch bridge.
2.What do Grandpa Amu's remarks mean in Paragraph 2
A.Theory is from pracitce. B.Success depends on love.
C.Excellent skills lie in hard work. D.Happiness comes from interest.
3.What is the unique feature of Grandpa Amu's craft works
A.No nails or glue. B.Delicate design.
C.The apple shape. D.The wooden material.
4.What message does this text mainly convey
A.Being popular means more fans.
B.Perfect skills earn more money.
C.Supporting family needs more skills.
D.Traditional crafts deserve passing on.
八
Ever since the success of Apollo 11, when lunar travel was finally publicly acknowledged to be safe for humans, people have been waiting for the day when space would be opened up on a large scale to those who are not astronauts. It has finally become a reality, at least for people who have the means. The space flights are not cheap—each flight into outer space costs about U.S. $ 20 million.
But space travel agencies now have a clever plan to offer suborbital (亚轨道的) flights, which cost about U.S. $100 000. A lunar mission is also made available by space tourism agency, Space Adventures, where tourists, accompanied by one professional astronaut, would be able to reach within 100km of the Moon's surface, enabling them to see the bright far-side of the moon and witness Earth rising above the surface of the moon.
Further extending the idea of space tourism, plans are underway to open a resort in space. In Galactic Suite Space Resort, a space resort started by a Spanish entrepreneur, guests are promised a remarkable experience with an orbital stay onboard with first-class resort facilities; they can enjoy a weightless spa as they watch 15 sunsets in one day; and tourists would be able to complete a single orbit in 80 minutes—all this while staying in a bio-inspired space, similar to a tropical paradise island!
Space tourism is, however, not environmentally-friendly. There are suggestions that black carbon emitted by the spacecraft could raise temperatures at the poles, contributing to global warming. An increase in space travel would mean that Man would not only leave his footprint in space but also his waste—space tourism can lead to pollution of the environment of the outer space.
Without a doubt, space tourism opens up new exciting possibilities. With time, the price would become more reasonable. Increasing commercialisation of space would also mean that a structure would be put in place for the disposal of rubbish. However, with no immediate solutions, space tourism would probably prove to be yet another controversial (有争议的) adventure of mankind.
1.What does the word "means" in Paragraph 1 mean
A.Methods. B.Courage. C.Money. D.Dreams.
2.What do we know about the Galactic Suite Space Resort
A.It enables guests to see the bright far-side of the moon.
B.It offers high quality service to guests.
C.It promises guests can go around the world in one day.
D.It is built on a tropical paradise island.
3.What is the future of space tourism according to the last paragraph
A.Bright. B.Uncertain. C.Meaningless. D.Disastrous.
4.What is the purpose of this text
A.To talk about the topic of space travel.
B.To warn people of the danger of space travel.
C.To encourage people to travel in space.
D.To call on people to protect outer space.
答案以及解析
一
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.A
解析：1.细节题。题干问文章开头提及的问题是什么 定位到Para 1&2,P1 结尾"And this is creating a problem that technology can't fix",视频会议导致了一个科技无法解决的问题。P2 开头:这个问题是一个事实,我们现在社交上还没有进化到能够忍受长期分离的地步。故选择 C 选项,社交距离。
2.细节题。题干问第四段的 this 指的是什么事实 定位到第四段的 this 的前一句,这里提到人们笑的原因是当周围的其他人笑时,大部分人也忍不住一起笑。而这个笑的原因也就是为什么喜剧节目经常使用预录的罐头笑声。故选择 D 选项,人们在人群中会更容易笑。
3.主旨题。题干问第五段的大意是什么 定位到 P5,本段大意:承接 P4, 笑不仅仅是一个行为现象。当我们笑时,身体会产生两种关键的化学物质,帮助我们缓解疼痛,感到愉悦,提高学习、动力、专注力。事实上,笑和工作时的高动机和高效率有关。B 选项,笑是如何使得我们身体健康,此处的 physically 不够准确,更应该是 mentally。同时,结合上文章背景工作,故选择 A 选项,为什么笑对工作很重要。
4.细节题。题干问作者在后续更可能讨论什么 定位到 P6,作为团队领导, 为了使你的队员保持健康且高效,你应该使他们多笑减压。 故而选 A,在团队中产生微笑的具体步骤。
二
答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句 There is wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. 可知一个接受了自己的局限性的人是完整的。故正确答案为B。
2.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第一段第一句 Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. 可知棒球赛季与生活的相似之处在于都会有输有赢。故正确答案为D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第三段的大意,可知作者将不缺少东西的人和接受了自己的局限性人进行对比。文章最后一段则将棒球和生活进行对比。因此作者主要是通过作比较的方法来行文的。故C项正确。A项,"主要是通过争论",B项,"主要是通过通知",D项,"主要靠推理",均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。
4.主旨大意题。本文作者通过圆和楔子的小故事感悟出这样的道理:从某种奇怪的意义上讲,当我们失去某些东西的时候或接受了自己的局限性之后,我们反而会更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。B项意为"在我们的生活中保持完整",符合文意。故B项正确。A项,"没有付出就没有回报"。文章没有提及。故A项错误。C项,"追求生活的完美"。文章强调的是不要追求生活的完美,要接受自己的局限。故C项错误。D项,"没有错误的生活是完整的"。文章没有提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。
三
答案：1-4 CADD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.科学家说,一大部分鸟类正处于危险之中,因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。以及第三段Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says "Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation(开垦) because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion".建筑物和人行道覆盖了鸟类从一个地方迁徙到另一个地方时停下来觅食的地方。从事这项研究的一位科学家说,"由于城市、工业和农业用地的扩张,这些重要的地方中的许多已经被土地复垦所取代"。由此可知,鸟类栖息地的消失是因为人类过度使用土地导致而成的。分析选项可知C项(Overuse of land by human beings)符合题意,故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don't have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey.根据科学家的说法,问题是这些小鸟中的许多都是在迁徙途中死去的,因为它们没有一个安全的地方来进食和休息。可知,许多鸟类在迁徙途中死亡的主要原因是迁徙中因为筋疲力尽和饥饿。由此可知A项Exhaustion and hunger(筋疲力尽和饥饿)符合题意,故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.以及最后一段like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.文章最后两段说,虽然鸟儿的一些栖息地正在改变,但可以做更多的事让迁徙途经城市地区的鸟类安全。结合最后一段列举的两项举措,比如种植更多的本地植物或者把猫关在鸟类可能使用的区域之外,这可能会产生很大的影响。可推断出,最后两段我们要保护好迁徙的动物,就要保护好迁徙途中的生态环境。故选D。
4.目的意图题。作者写本文的目的就是号召大家一起保护鸟儿的栖息地。文章第一段Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.鸟类正处于危险之中,因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。从第二段至第四段叙述了鸟儿的栖息地消失的原因及存在的安全隐患。最后三段就如何让鸟儿的栖息地安全提出了建议,各国需要共同努力,为通过其边界的鸟类提供安全的栖息区域。要从小事做起,并号召大家共同努力一起保护鸟儿的栖息地。可知D项(呼吁人们保护鸟类的栖息地)符合题意,故选D。
四
答案：1-4 CDCA
解析： 1.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文"Not long after the first fitness magazine was published, a list probably followed soon after, ranking the best fitness equipment."可知,在第一本健身杂志出版后不久,可能很快就会有一个列表,列出了最好的健身器材,所以其中隐含的信息是:使用这个健身器材,锻炼就属于你了。故this指的是"健身器材"。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中"Before you can answer why, it helps to look at history. Before the Industrial Revolution, people fetched water and walked up stairs because they had to. But then technology made life and work easier. Exercise has become something that people have to carve out time for. "It's a fundamental instinct(本能) to avoid physical activity when it's neither necessary nor rewarding," he says.(在工业革命之前,人们取水上楼是因为他们不得不这样做。但后来科技让生活和工作变得更容易。锻炼已经成为人们不得不抽出时间来做的事情。他说:"当没有必要也没有回报时,避免体育活动是一种基本的本能。")"可推知,科技使运动变得不太可能。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段"It would seem like being healthy would qualify as necessary, but a doctor's prescription to exercise "can make it like taking cod liver oil(鱼肝油)," Lieberman says. "Sometimes it works, but more often than not, it doesn't." And it's still coming across as an order, and "not having a heart attack in five years is not an immediate reward," says Dr. Beth Frates, assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.(看起来健康是必要的,但医生的处方锻炼"会让它像服用鱼肝油,"Lieberman说。"有时它能起作用,但更多时候,它不会。"哈佛医学院助理教授Beth Frates博士说,这仍然是一种命令,"五年内没有心脏病发作并不是立即得到的回报。")"故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段"People might not want to exercise because it's never been enjoyable. Most of us probably have memories of gym class, not being picked for a team, or being in a fitness center that's filled with in-shape people. The majority don't feel excited. They feel that exercise isn't for them, but it can be. Coaching people in an empowering and motivating way can work much better than ordering someone to exercise. It starts with an expanded definition of what counts as exercise, and an injection(注入) of what's rarely used to describe exercise, but is certainly allowed: namely, fun.(人们可能不想锻炼,因为它从来都不是令人愉快的。我们大多数人可能都记得上体育课,没有被选入团队,或者在健身中心挤满了身材好的人。大多数人并不感到兴奋。他们觉得锻炼不适合他们,但其实可以。以一种授权和激励的方式指导人们比命令他们锻炼要有效得多。首先,它扩展了运动的定义,并注入了很少被用来描述运动,但肯定被允许的东西:即乐趣)"可知,最后一段的主要内容是运动应该变得更有趣。故选A。
五
答案：1-4 DCBB
解析：1.主旨大意题。由文章的第一自然段What exactly is intelligence 开篇,下文均是围绕这一问题展开,由此可知答案为D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段From their research, they have discovered that a slightly different gene is more common in those with a high IQ.从他们的研究中,他们已经发现,在高智商的这些人中,他们的基因都有稍微的不同,这点是相同的。An analysis of their genes showed that 32% of children in the higher group had the gene in question,分析显示,在高智商的小孩儿中有百分之三十二都有思考问题的基因.所以下文他们用的数据是为了来证明这一观点.故答案应为C。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段Many psychologists now believe that when it comes to intelligence, IQ isn't everything. Many alternative views have been put forward recently. One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner.许多心理学家认为,当谈到智力的时候,智商并不代表一切,许多新的观点已经被提出,其中包括多元智力说。由此可知Howard Gardner认为,智力包括多个因素是正确的.故答案为B。
4.词义猜测题。根据第四段中的"One example is the idea of multiple intelligences, which was developed in the 1980s by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner. This offers a much broader view than the IQ theory"可知,其中的一个例子就是20世纪80年代由Howard Gardner提出的多元智力说,它提供了一个比智商理论更为宽广的观点,由此可知This指代的就是前面提到的多元智力说,故B项正确。
六
答案：1-4 BCAD
解析：1.主旨大意题。从文章第一段There is growing demand for bikes and shared-bike subscriptions, and now even shortages throughout bicycle supply chain. For bike shops it's an unexpected boom.即可看出本文讨论的是欧洲自行车行业的发展。因此答案为B。
2.细节理解题。文章里一共讨论了四项原因,分别是:第一段提及的疫情的影响;第三段提到的女性的选择、电动自行车的出现;第四段提及的欧洲国家提供的财政支持。因此答案为C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章里提及的自行车道的拓建、政府财政的支持可以推断出A为答案。B错误的原因是电动自行车变得流行的原因是其方便性,而不是欧洲人的懒惰问题。C错误的原因是文中没有将女性、男性进行对比。D错误的原因是政府财政支持并非其主要原因。
4.推理判断题。本文讨论的是在欧洲国家出现的对自行车需求激增的社会现象,并分析了背后的原因。这是对社会现象的讨论与分析,因此答案为D。
七
答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段Wang De wen, known as "Grandpa Amu" on YouTube, has been praised as the modern day LuBan, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry knowledge.(在YouTube上被称为"阿木爷爷"的王德文,因其丰富的木工知识,被誉为当代的鲁班)可知,阿木爷爷王德文因为其丰富的木匠知识被称之为当代鲁班。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn't mean there's only happiness and no pain.(做一件事,就要热爱它,就要对它感兴趣;然而,感兴趣并不意味着只有快乐就没有痛苦)可知,要做好一件事情喜欢和热爱是前提,但是想要做好件事单凭兴趣是远远不够的。由此推知,想要做好一件事,不仅需要兴趣爱好,还需要投入大量的时间和精力来练习。即精湛的技能需要反复地训练。故选C。
3.A.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon technique, which means nonails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge.(阿木爷爷遵循中国古代的榫卯技术,也就是说,在建造拱桥的整个过程中,没有钉子和胶水的参与)可知,阿木爷爷的作品遵循中国古代的榫卯技术,没有使用钉子和胶水。A. No nails or glue没有钉子和胶水;B. Delicate design精致的设计;C. The apple shape苹果的形状;D. The wooden material木质材料。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段It's amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on!(太棒了。我希望这些传统工艺能够传承下去)可知,作者引用网友的评论想要表面这种精湛的传统木匠技术应该代代流传下去。即传统手工艺值得传承。故选D。
八
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.词句猜测题 . 根据第一段 "The space flights are not cheap — each flight into outer space costs about U.S. 20 million. (太空飞行并不便宜, 每次进入外层空间的飞行费用约为 2000 万美元) " 可知, 太空飞行的费用不低, 但是至少对于有钱人来说, 它已经变成了现实. 由此推知, 划线词means 指的money. 故选C 项.
2.细节理解题 . 根据第三段 "In Galactic Suite Space Resort, a space resort started by a Spanish entrepreneur, guests are promised a remarkable experience with an orbital stay onboard with first-class resort facilities; they can enjoy a weightless spa as they watch 15 sunsets in one day; and tourists would be able to complete a single orbit in 80 minutes—all this while staying in a bio-inspired space, similar to a tropical paradise island!(在由一位西班牙企业家创办的银河套房太空度假胜地 , 游客们被承诺将获得一次非凡的体验, 在飞船上享受一流的度假设施 ; 他们可以享受一次太空旅行 , 在一天内观看15 次日落 , 可以在80分钟内完成一次单轨道飞行 , 所有这些都是待在一个类似热带天堂岛的仿生空间里完成的 ! ) " 可知, Galactic Suite Space Resort为游客们提供高质量的服务 . 故选 B 项 .
3.推理判断题 . 根据最后一段 "However, with no immediate solutions, space tourism would probably prove to be yet another controversial adventure of mankind. (然而, 如果没有立即的解决方案, 太空旅游可能将被证明是人类另一次有争议的冒险) " 可知, 太空旅行的未来是不确定的. 故选B项.
4.推理判断题 . 文章第一段提出太空旅行对于少数人成为现实 ; 第二、三段说明了人们进行太空旅行需要的花费和可能会享受到的服务 , 第四段指出太空旅行可能会对环境造成污染 ; 最后一段提出太空旅行开辟了新的可能性 , 价格也更加合理 , 但是对于如何处理垃圾 , 人们要想出解决方案 , 否则太空旅行即将是有争议的 . 可知文章是围绕太空旅行这一主题进行讨论 . 故选 A项 .