莆田24中学2021-2022学年人教版（2019）英语高一下学期开学摸底考试试卷二卷（word版含答案，无听力试题）

莆田24中学2021-2022学年人教版（2019）英语高一下学期开学摸底考试试卷二卷
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $ 25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests, like free shots, bar crawls, and karaoke. There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too: it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you have to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A.Comfort. B.Security. C.Price. D.Location.
2.Which hostel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A.Yellow Hostel. B.Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C.Youth Station Hostel. D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A.It gets noisy at night. B.Its staff is too talkative.
C.It charges for Wi-Fi. D.It's inconveniently located.
B
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further— changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. "We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day," explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off "switch" where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)一such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
4.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates
C.Employees from various workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants.
5.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A.To detect plants' lack of water. B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer. D.To test chemicals in plants.
6.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A.They will speed up energy production. B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption. D.They could take the place of power plants.
7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Can we grow more glowing plants B.How do we live with glowing plants
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free
C
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
8.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A.It can be measured by an IQ test. B.It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C.It includes a set of emotional skills. D.It refers to a person's positive qualities.
9.Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in Paragraph 2
A.To explain a rule. B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.
10.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
11.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A.Its appeal to the public. B.Expectations for future studies.
C.Its practical application. D.Scientists with new perspectives.
D
Our church has a group of people known as "Petal Pushers", and we go to the Rose Palace every year to help decorate the floats (花车). These people, who come from all over the US, are helping decorate and pay for the floats in the parade (游行队伍).
If you ever choose to take part in, I do warn you to wear casual clothes that you don't mind ruining, because you can get the glue out of them. The first shift we worked was an evening one. Our family was told to work on the Donate Life float, thought they had lots of volunteers of their own. This float honored organ donors and recipients. There were people who had received transplants (移植) as well as family members of donors.
There were also a few awaiting a transplant. That was where the excitement came from. You should have heard the cheers! In that short quiet, the sound of a cell phone bell echoed(回响). Many people turned to look in the direction of the distraction. The person who answered the phone shouted, "They found a liver, and I have to get to the hospital!" Everyone there began to cheer. When the Petal Pushers gathered there, word came that the transplant had been done and the new liver worked well. I don't think there was a dry eye in the room.
At about 7:45, we heard the news that two of our floats won awards. The parade started at 8:00, but it took a little longer before it went past us. It was wonderful to be so close. We were a bit impatient for "our" floats to appear.
12.What can we learn from the passage
A."Petal Pushers" are the people who come from all over the world.
B.The author went to the Rose Palace to help decorate for the first time.
C."Petal Pushers" is a group of people helping decorate and pay for the floats.
D.The author is a church member but has been in the church for only a few years.
13.Why are the volunteers warned to wear casual clothes
A.Because it is likely that their clothes will be ruined.
B.Because casual clothes can keep the glue out easily.
C.Because well-dressed, they will not work hard there.
D.Because formal clothes are very easy to be made dirty.
14.The underlined word "recipients" in Paragraph 2 refers to the people who __________.
A.are ready to help others B.organize an activity
C.care about patients D.receive something
15.The reason why the author was impatient is that ________.
A.he was eager to see their floats B.their floats were too far from him
C.the parade started later than expected D.he wondered if their floats would win
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here are some easy steps to create better habits that will surely improve your mental health.
Get enough sleep. Keeping a consistent sleep schedule will ensure that your body and mind will function properly. Experts recommend that each person should sleep for at least 6. 5 to 8 hours a night. 16_________ When you restart, it refreshes everything and helps your machine function faster and better.
Do some exercise. You should know that regular exercise is necessary for a healthy body and soul. Some workout motivation tips from experts are that you should determine what exercises interest you and work your way up from there. Still no idea how to start 17_________.
Mind what you eat. 18_________ You know your body and you also know potato chips do nothing except make you feel sluggish and guilty. Do your heart and waistline a favor by feeding your body healthy things like lean protein, whole grain and fiber.
19_________ Use a journal as a way to release(发泄) tension you may be holding in. You can also use it as a way to organize your thoughts, and transfer the chaos from your head to paper. You don't necessarily have to write for an audience. In fact, writing for yourself can be regarded as self-treatment and help you become more aware of yourself and your own thoughts.
Explore the world. You don't need your passport for this one. 20_________ No matter how old you are, there are many things in the life that you have yet to experience. Get out of your comfort zone and see what the world has to offer you. You may actually be pleasantly surprised to try things you have never done before and know how enjoyable they are.
A. Start writing.
B. Balance yourself.
C. Put down the hamburger and accept whole grain!
D. Hire a personal trainer to help you get off your sofa.
E. Think of your body as a computer that needs a reboot (重启).
F. Go out to new restaurants or hiking trails to expand your experiences.
G. Even if you have to work out slow at first, it's better to start than not at all.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Darius and Johntel both love basketball and are captains of their high school basketball teams. But on one Saturday night, they were forever linked in the 21 of all who were present at a game between Darius's small town team and Johntel's big city team.
Just 22 before the game, Johntel's mother died from cancer. Her sudden 23 made Johntel very sad. So Johntel's coach wanted to cancel the game. But Johntel 24 that the game should be played. So with heavy hearts, his teammates prepared to play—and hopefully win—without him. 25 , Johntel appeared in the gym mid-way through the first half.
Seeing him, Johntel's coach called a time out, and players and fans 26 the sad young man to offer love and support. Johntel wanted to 27 but putting him in the game at that point would 28 a technical foul(犯规) and two free throws for the opposing team.
The opposing team understood the 29 and told the referees to let Johntel play and to forget the technical foul. The referees 30 that a rule is a rule, and the free throws would have to be taken before the game could 31 .
As the team captain, Darius 32 to take the shots. The free throw line is 15 feet from the basket. However, Darius's first shot travelled about 4 feet. His second shot 33 travelled 2.
Immediately, Johntel and his teammates 34 what Darius was doing. They stood and applauded the gesture of sportsmanship as Darius walked back to his bench.
Johntel's team won the game in the end. But as the two 35 met after the game for pizza and sodas, nobody on either side was too concerned with wins or losses.
21.A.eyes B.heads C.ears D.minds
22.A.minutes B.hours C.days D.weeks
23.A.disease B.wound C.death D.accident
24.A.suggested B.expected C.wished D.insisted
25.A.Fortunately B.Expectedly C.Surprisingly D.Hopefully
26.A.surrounded B.comforted C.encouraged D.called
27.A.challenge B.play C.study D.work
28.A.put off B.give up C.result in D.escape from
29.A.situation B.lesson C.meaning D.fact
30.A.agreed B.argued C.doubted D.guessed
31.A.start B.end C.continue D.stop
32.A.offered B.refused C.hesitated D.pretended
33.A.already B.even C.only D.still
34.A.understood B.admitted C.believed D.asked
35.A.coaches B.sportsmen C.games D.teams
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The matter of uniform has come up a lot. Schools in different countries have different 36_________(rule) about uniforms. Some argue that dressing all the same is likely to make students have no thoughts of their own. They think children are 37_________ (little) creative if they are not allowed to express themselves. However, more than 50 pupils 38_________ (send) home from a Nottingham school after turning up in improper foot wear一including flip-flops(人字拖). About 100 pupils, 39_________ broke the school's uniform regulations, are reported to have been taken out of class 40_________ the first day of this term, with 56 sent home 41_________ (change) after their parents were called. The uniform policy has been carried out by 42_________ new head, Dave Hooker. Hooker said, "Being properly 43_________ (dress), whether for school or work, is a lesson that will benefit all our students throughout their lives. In his opinion, 44_________ (wear) a school uniform helps to make children all equal and makes 45_________ (they) proud to be part of their school.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry作为交换生在你们学校学习。得知下个星期六是他的生日,你们班准备为他办一场生日聚会。请你给他写一封电子邮件,内容包括:
1. 聚会的时间和地点;
2. 聚会的内容;
3. 表达祝愿。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两 段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
A MOTHER'S DAY SURPRISE
The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.
The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a. m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.CBC
解析：1.考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的"Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社)"可知,游客去罗马旅行时选择住在旅社主要是出于价格方面的考虑,故C项正确。
2.考查理解具体信息的能力。根据 Hostel Alessandro Palace部分中的"If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome"可知,喜欢社交生活的游客最适宜住在 Hostel Alessandro Palace,所以B项正确。
3.考查理解具体信息的能力。根据 Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分中的"However, you have to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi"可知, Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes不好的地方在于使用无线网需要额外收费,故C项正确。 talkative"健谈的,爱说话的"; charge for"收……费用"。
B
答案：4-7.DACC
解析：4.考查段落大意。根据第一段第二句"Recent studies have found positive effects"及本段中的"greener areas of the city experienced less crime"和"employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants"可知,D选项"Benefits from green plants"能概括本段内容。
5.考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句中的"These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water"可知,A选项正确。根据该句后半部分"a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater"可知,干扰项D选项错误。
6.考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句"Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy"可推知,在未来发光的植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。
7.考查标题判断。文章第一段点明植物的积极作用;第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究;第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光;第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以"打开"和"关上";第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多,或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗 )最能凸显本文主题。
C
答案：8-11.DBAB
解析：8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知,情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
9.目的意图题。根据文章第二段可知,作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
10.观点态度题。根据文章第三段可知,作者认为情商普及对人们是有利的。故选A项。
11.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段可知,本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
D
答案：12-15.CADA
解析：12.细节理解题。根据第一段可知从这篇文章中,我们知道"Petal Pushers"是一群帮助装饰和支付彩车费用的人。故选C项。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,人们在装饰花车时,有时会把胶水弄到衣服上,所以作者建议人们穿便装。故选A项。
14.词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的"family members of donors"与该段倒数第二句中的donors对应,"people who had received transplants"则与recipients对应,由此可推知,recipients应指“接受器官的人”。故选D项。
15.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后三句可知,作者迫不及待地想看到他们装饰的花车。故选A项。
第二节
答案：16-20：EDCAF
解析：本文介绍了一些方法可以让你养成更好的习惯,从而改善你的心理健康状况。
16根据空后的"When you restart, it refreshes everything and helps your machine function faster and better"可知,E项中的reboot对应空后句子中的restart, a computer对应your machine,故E项符合语境。
17根据本段主旨句可知,本段的内容与锻炼身体有关。根据上句"Still no idea how to start "可知,D项是对上句问题的回答,符合语境。
18根据本段主旨句"Mind what you eat"可知,应选C项。只有C项与食物有关。
19此空是本段主旨句,故根据其他主旨句的形式和选项可知,应在A项和B项中选;再根据下文中的"Use a journal as a way" "write"和"writing"可知,A项符合题意。
20本段主旨句是Explore the world,即探索世界,由此可知,F项"去新餐馆或徒步旅行,以增加你的经历"符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：21-25.DBCDC; 26-30.ABCAB; 31-35.CACAD
解析：21.根据语境可知,达利斯和约翰特尔是各自所在高中的篮球队队长。在一场比赛中,他俩的形象永远相连在一起,铭刻在了现场每一位观众的心中(minds)。
22.根据第二段第二句中的sudden可知,开赛前的几个小时,约翰特尔的妈妈死于癌症。
23.根据第二段第一句可知,此处指其母亲的突然死亡。
24.根据第二段倒数第二句可推知,此处指约翰特尔坚持要按原计划比赛。
25.根据"his teammates prepared to play—and hopefully win—without him"可知,约翰特尔在体育馆里的出现是大家没有想到的,所以会感到惊讶。
26.队友和球迷们纷纷围着这位承受着丧亲之痛的年轻人,给予其安慰和支持。
27.根据下文约翰特尔的参赛可判断选B项。此题易误选A项,challenge的意思是“挑战”,这里是强调参加比赛,而不是挑战。
28.此处指若他此时上场,就会造成该队技术犯规,对方球队会获得两个罚球。
29.此处指对方球队也理解此时的状况。
30.对方球队建议取消约翰特尔所在球队因技术犯规而获得的罚球机会,根据下文可知,裁判不同意,所以争论。
31.此处指裁判辩解说,必须严格执行比赛规则,得先罚球才能继续进行比赛。
32.作为队长,达利斯主动出来投罚球。
33.根据语境可知,罚球线距离篮板15英尺,可达利斯的第一个罚球却只投出了4英尺,而第二个罚球也只投出了2英尺。
34.此处指约翰特尔和他的队友们立刻明白了达利斯的用意。
35.由语境可判断,此处应指两支球队的队员。
第二节：
答案：rules; less; were sent; who; on; to change/to get changed; its/the; dressed; wearing; them
解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了不同国家的学校对校服有不同的规定。
36考查名词的数。句意:不同国家的学校对校服有不同的规定。根据different可知,这里应用名词复数,所以填rules。
37考查形容词的比较级。句意:他们认为如果不允许孩子们表达自己,他们的创造力就会下降。该空表示“更少”的概念,故用little的比较级less。
38考查动词的时态和语态。句意:然而,诺丁汉一所学校的50多名学生却因为不合礼仪的足部穿着,包括人字拖,而被遣送回家。描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,pupils和send之间是动宾关系,用被动语态,所以填were sent。
39考查非限制性定语从句。此处是一个定语从句,先行词是"100 pupils",关系词在从句中做主语,指人,所以填who。
40考查介词。此处指“据报道,在本学期的第一天,大约有100名违反学校制服规定的学生被勒令离校”。表示“在本学期的第一天”,所以填on。
41考查不定式。此处指“其中56人,在给父母打完电话后,被送回家换衣服”。做目的状语,用不定式结构,所以填to change/to get changed。
42考查代词或冠词。这个制服政策由它的/这个新领导所实施。文中表示“它的/这个”,所以填its/he。
43考查非谓语动词。无论在学校还是在工作中,穿着得体都是一门对所有学生一生都有益的课程。所以填dressed。
44考查非谓语动词。句意:在他看来,穿校服有助于让孩子们平等相处,让他们为自己是学校的一部分而自豪。空处做句子的主语,用动名词形式,所以填wearing。
45考查代词。句意同上。空处做宾语,用宾格,所以填them。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Terry,
We are very pleased to know your birthday is approaching and we'd like to hold a birthday party for you. The detailed information is as follows.
①The party will be held in our classroom at 7:30 pm next Saturday, which is well planned. ②All classmates and at least three teachers will take part in it. At the party, our monitor will make a short speech, and then we will have some delicious snacks, singing, dancing and playing games following. We have also chosen some small gifts for you.
I am sure you will have a great time. We sincerely hope you'll have a happy birthday.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared. Seeing the mess in the kitchen(现在分词作伴随状语), he immediately understood what had happened(宾语从句), but he wasn't upset. Instead, he applied some medicine to Jeff's hand, and then set out to help them clean up the mess, throwing away the burnt toast. Next, they began to make breakfast, and by now the twins looked cheerful. Before long, the porridge was ready. Their father instructed them to fry the rest of the bread. Soon, the breakfast was ready, too.
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up. Opening her eyes, she couldn't believe what she had seen. Before she could ask any question, their father turned up and told his wife about how the twins had made preparations to give her the surprise breakfast(about的第一个宾语从句), and what trouble they had gone through when making the porridge and toast(about的第二个宾语从句,其中when making相当于when they were making). Disbelief gave way to excitement and pride. Hugging them in her arms, she said, "Thank you, children. It's such an unforgettable Mother's Day for me."
解析： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章段落可分成两部分：
第1段：母亲节来临之前，双胞胎计划给母亲一个惊喜，做一顿早餐给母亲。
2-3段：由一开始的顺顺利利，到后来的各种问题，烤焦了一片吐司，锅里的粥溢出来了，烫到了手，双胞胎把厨房弄得一团糟。