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2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题15：语法填空
一、语法填空
1．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years (long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long (see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of （die）early by running.
While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it (be)more effective at lengthening life walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ……
It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 2． （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 3． past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 4． (actual) behind the change. An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 5． (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 6． rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 7． (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 8． (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 9． (start) a soil-testing program 10． gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 11． (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure 12． is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 13． top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 14． (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 15． (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 16． (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 17． (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 18． these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 19． (they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 20． (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 21． (stay)and watch.
22．（2018·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out. I still remember (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】longer；to see；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。
⑴longer 考查形容词的比较等级。空后有than, 故此处用比较级longer。
⑵to see 考查非谓语动词。 句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。
⑶dying 考查非谓语动词。 空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。
⑷is 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it是第三人称单数，故答案为is。
⑸than 考查连词。句中it指代running, 空后是walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连词than。
⑹that/which 考查定语从句。 空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为a study, published in 2014是过去分词短语作a study的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的隔离现象。故答案为that/which.
⑺causes 考查名词单复数。cause(原因，起因)是可数名词，前面有all,all 后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为causes.
⑻strengthen 考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号to, 所以此处应该填strength的动词形式。故答案为strengthen。
⑼energetic 考查词性转换。根据前面的is cheap,easy,所以后面的is 后也应为形容词energetic此处意思应为“有效的，效果显著的”，主语不是人，不能翻译为“精力充沛的”。故答案为energetic。
⑽it/running 考查代词 give it a try 试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处it指代running。故答案为it/running。
【点评】语法填空题要求考生在特定的语境中，根据所提供的词汇和空格进行合乎形式、意义和逻辑的判断，既考查考生对基本词汇及语法的掌握，又考查其在具体语言环境中运用语言的能力。考点主要涉及到比较级（第一空）、非谓语（第二、三空）、主谓一致（第四空）、副词（第五空）、从属连词（第六空）、名词复数（第七空）、词形变化（第八、九空）、代词（第十空）等。
【答案】2．has grown；3．the；4．actually；5．to improve；6．than；7．pollution；8．global；9．started；10．that/which；11．feeding
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文谈论中国人们饮食的变化，其根本原因是政府引导人们多种植玉米来减少因种植水稻时使用化肥而对水质产生的污染
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
2．has grown.考查谓语动词的时态。由句中的时间状语since 2011可知用现在完成时，主语the country是单数，故答案为has grown。
3．the 考查冠词的用法。句意：在过去的25年，玉米的产量增长了差不多125%，而水稻只增长了7%。短语：in the past …years在过去的…年，故答案为the。
4．actually 考查形容词副词的转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是变化背后的原因。此处修饰动词，所以将形容词actual变为副词，故答案为actually。
5．to improve 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：政府鼓励农民种玉米而不中水稻，是为了改善水质。此处作目的状语，故答案为to improve。
6．than考查连词的使用。句意：玉米的用水比水稻要少，并且产生化肥的径流量要少。由句意结合比较级less可知此处构成前后比较的关系，故答案为than。
7．pollution 考查词性转化。句意：这种转换减少了国家的一些主要湖泊里的污染。此处是及物动词decrease的宾语，所以用名词，故答案为pollution。
8．global 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消耗的30%。此处修饰名词fertilizer consumption，所以用形容词，故答案为global，全球的。
9．started 考查时态。句意：在2005年，政府发起了一个土壤检测活动，这向农民推荐了具体的化肥的使用。此处是从句中的谓语，when指先行词2005，所以用一般过去时，故答案为started。
10．that/which 考查定语从句关系词的选择。此处指代先行词a soil-testing program，并且在从句中作主语，故答案为that或which。
11．feeding 考查非谓语动词。while是连词，后跟动词-ing作伴随状语，故答案为feeding。
【答案】12．which；13．the；14．loudest；15．looking；16．challenged；17．scientist；18．for；19．them；20．meant；21．to stay
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文讲述作者在中非的森林里偶遇大猩猩的经过。
【点评】本文属于记叙文，考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
12．考查宾语从句连词的使用，由后面的me or the female gorilla可知表示选择，故答案为which（哪一个）。
13．考查冠词。at the top of one's lung是固定表达，表示“歇斯底里地叫喊”，故答案为the。
14．考查最高级。根据提示loud可知此处应该用形容词，通过the以及of all可以推断此处是在做对比，所以用loud的最高级，故答案为loudest。
15．考查非谓语动词。avoid doing避免做某事，句意：我低下身子，避免与星星眼神接触，故答案为looking。
16．考查系表结构。feel是系动词，后面通常跟形容词作表语。根据句意可知作者无法直视大猩猩是为了让它不会感到在受挑战，故答案为challenged，受到挑战的。
17．考查词形转换。根据句意可知作者的身份应是科学家而不是科学，故答案为scientist。
18．我正在寻找我一直在观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。短语：search for 寻找，故答案为for。
19．考查代词的使用。作者很高兴发现了三只活着的大猩猩，作find的宾语用them，故答案为them。
20．查动词的时态。 由上下文可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去时，故答案为meant。
21．考查非谓语动词，掌握allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事），故答案为to stay。
22．【答案】dishes；who/that；it；visiting；was shocked；have become；affordable；higher；weight；for
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文谈论自己做饭的好处：不仅有趣，有益于健康，而且很省钱。
（1）考查名词的单复数，dish菜，是可数名词，用复数表示泛指，故答案为dishes。
（2）此处考查定语从句，先行词westerners指人，关系代词在从句中做主语，用who或者that，故答案为who/that.
（3）考查it作形式主语的用法。宾语从句中缺少主语，而且指代to eat out，所以用it作形式主语，故答案为it。
（4）考查remember的用法，remember to do记得要做，remember doing,记得做过。此处表明记得拜访过，故答案为visiting.
（5）考查被动语态。句意：我仍然记得我拜访过在这里住了五年的一个朋友，并且当我得知她甚至一次都没有做过饭的时候，我被震惊了。此处我被某一个事实所震惊到，用被动语态，句子是一般过去时，be动词用was，加上过去分词shocked，故答案为was shocked.
（6）考查seem的用法。seem to have done,表明不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故答案为 have become.
（7）考查词性转化，be+adj,构成系表结构，所以此处用形容词，故答案为affordable.
（8）考查形容词的比较级。high形容词，而此处仍然需要形容词，even修饰比较级，故答案为higher.
（9）考查名词作定语。名词作定语表类别用处，此处指重量方面的问题，故答案为weight.
（10）考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner去某处吃饭，故答案为for.
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
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2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题15：语法填空
一、语法填空
1．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years (long) than non-runners You don't have to run fast or for long (see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of （die）early by running.
While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it (be)more effective at lengthening life walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ……
It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
【答案】longer；to see；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。
⑴longer 考查形容词的比较等级。空后有than, 故此处用比较级longer。
⑵to see 考查非谓语动词。 句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为to see。
⑶dying 考查非谓语动词。 空前有介词of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。
⑷is 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it是第三人称单数，故答案为is。
⑸than 考查连词。句中it指代running, 空后是walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连词than。
⑹that/which 考查定语从句。 空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为a study, published in 2014是过去分词短语作a study的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的隔离现象。故答案为that/which.
⑺causes 考查名词单复数。cause(原因，起因)是可数名词，前面有all,all 后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为causes.
⑻strengthen 考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号to, 所以此处应该填strength的动词形式。故答案为strengthen。
⑼energetic 考查词性转换。根据前面的is cheap,easy,所以后面的is 后也应为形容词energetic此处意思应为“有效的，效果显著的”，主语不是人，不能翻译为“精力充沛的”。故答案为energetic。
⑽it/running 考查代词 give it a try 试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处it指代running。故答案为it/running。
【点评】语法填空题要求考生在特定的语境中，根据所提供的词汇和空格进行合乎形式、意义和逻辑的判断，既考查考生对基本词汇及语法的掌握，又考查其在具体语言环境中运用语言的能力。考点主要涉及到比较级（第一空）、非谓语（第二、三空）、主谓一致（第四空）、副词（第五空）、从属连词（第六空）、名词复数（第七空）、词形变化（第八、九空）、代词（第十空）等。
（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 2． （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 3． past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 4． (actual) behind the change. An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 5． (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 6． rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 7． (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 8． (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 9． (start) a soil-testing program 10． gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 11． (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】2．has grown；3．the；4．actually；5．to improve；6．than；7．pollution；8．global；9．started；10．that/which；11．feeding
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文谈论中国人们饮食的变化，其根本原因是政府引导人们多种植玉米来减少因种植水稻时使用化肥而对水质产生的污染
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
2．has grown.考查谓语动词的时态。由句中的时间状语since 2011可知用现在完成时，主语the country是单数，故答案为has grown。
3．the 考查冠词的用法。句意：在过去的25年，玉米的产量增长了差不多125%，而水稻只增长了7%。短语：in the past …years在过去的…年，故答案为the。
4．actually 考查形容词副词的转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是变化背后的原因。此处修饰动词，所以将形容词actual变为副词，故答案为actually。
5．to improve 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：政府鼓励农民种玉米而不中水稻，是为了改善水质。此处作目的状语，故答案为to improve。
6．than考查连词的使用。句意：玉米的用水比水稻要少，并且产生化肥的径流量要少。由句意结合比较级less可知此处构成前后比较的关系，故答案为than。
7．pollution 考查词性转化。句意：这种转换减少了国家的一些主要湖泊里的污染。此处是及物动词decrease的宾语，所以用名词，故答案为pollution。
8．global 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行统计，中国占全球化肥消耗的30%。此处修饰名词fertilizer consumption，所以用形容词，故答案为global，全球的。
9．started 考查时态。句意：在2005年，政府发起了一个土壤检测活动，这向农民推荐了具体的化肥的使用。此处是从句中的谓语，when指先行词2005，所以用一般过去时，故答案为started。
10．that/which 考查定语从句关系词的选择。此处指代先行词a soil-testing program，并且在从句中作主语，故答案为that或which。
11．feeding 考查非谓语动词。while是连词，后跟动词-ing作伴随状语，故答案为feeding。
（2018·全国卷Ⅲ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure 12． is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 13． top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 14． (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 15． (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 16． (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 17． (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 18． these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 19． (they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 20． (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 21． (stay)and watch.
【答案】12．which；13．the；14．loudest；15．looking；16．challenged；17．scientist；18．for；19．them；20．meant；21．to stay
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文讲述作者在中非的森林里偶遇大猩猩的经过。
【点评】本文属于记叙文，考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
12．考查宾语从句连词的使用，由后面的me or the female gorilla可知表示选择，故答案为which（哪一个）。
13．考查冠词。at the top of one's lung是固定表达，表示“歇斯底里地叫喊”，故答案为the。
14．考查最高级。根据提示loud可知此处应该用形容词，通过the以及of all可以推断此处是在做对比，所以用loud的最高级，故答案为loudest。
15．考查非谓语动词。avoid doing避免做某事，句意：我低下身子，避免与星星眼神接触，故答案为looking。
16．考查系表结构。feel是系动词，后面通常跟形容词作表语。根据句意可知作者无法直视大猩猩是为了让它不会感到在受挑战，故答案为challenged，受到挑战的。
17．考查词形转换。根据句意可知作者的身份应是科学家而不是科学，故答案为scientist。
18．我正在寻找我一直在观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。短语：search for 寻找，故答案为for。
19．考查代词的使用。作者很高兴发现了三只活着的大猩猩，作find的宾语用them，故答案为them。
20．查动词的时态。 由上下文可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去时，故答案为meant。
21．考查非谓语动词，掌握allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事），故答案为to stay。
22．（2018·浙江）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out. I still remember (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】dishes；who/that；it；visiting；was shocked；have become；affordable；higher；weight；for
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文谈论自己做饭的好处：不仅有趣，有益于健康，而且很省钱。
（1）考查名词的单复数，dish菜，是可数名词，用复数表示泛指，故答案为dishes。
（2）此处考查定语从句，先行词westerners指人，关系代词在从句中做主语，用who或者that，故答案为who/that.
（3）考查it作形式主语的用法。宾语从句中缺少主语，而且指代to eat out，所以用it作形式主语，故答案为it。
（4）考查remember的用法，remember to do记得要做，remember doing,记得做过。此处表明记得拜访过，故答案为visiting.
（5）考查被动语态。句意：我仍然记得我拜访过在这里住了五年的一个朋友，并且当我得知她甚至一次都没有做过饭的时候，我被震惊了。此处我被某一个事实所震惊到，用被动语态，句子是一般过去时，be动词用was，加上过去分词shocked，故答案为was shocked.
（6）考查seem的用法。seem to have done,表明不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故答案为 have become.
（7）考查词性转化，be+adj,构成系表结构，所以此处用形容词，故答案为affordable.
（8）考查形容词的比较级。high形容词，而此处仍然需要形容词，even修饰比较级，故答案为higher.
（9）考查名词作定语。名词作定语表类别用处，此处指重量方面的问题，故答案为weight.
（10）考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner去某处吃饭，故答案为for.
【点评】本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
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