中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.
(SectionA2d&Grammar Focus-4c)导学案
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.Section A2d&Grammar Focus-4c
学习目标与核心素养 1. Curriculum words: lonely,raise, midnight, alone 2. Useful expressions: used to,care for,put up, be busy with, be worried about, raise money for3. Grammar：①短语动词 ②动词不定式4. Sentences：①I’d like to help homeless people. ②You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids...
学习重点 1.动副短语的用法2.非谓语动词 （动词不定式）的用法。
学习难点
【预习】
句子。
我想去帮助无家可归的人。
I’d ____ __ ____ homeless people.
2. 你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童并让他们变得更高兴。
You could ___ hospitals ___ ___ you visit the kids and cheer them up.
3. 她自愿一周去那里一次帮助孩子们学习读书。
She _________ there once a week ___ ____ kids learn to read.
4. 她决定参加一个志愿者课后阅读节目的选拔。
She _______ ___ try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
5. 马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。
Mario believes it can help him ___ ___ his future dream job.
6. 我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。
I’m making some signs __ ___ __ around the school.
【探究】
Task1:2d
1.Read 2d and answer the following questions.
1). Who plans to work in the old people’s home
_______________________________________
2). When did Tom work in the old people’s home
_______________________________________
3).How does Tom think about the old people
_______________________________________
4). What did Tom do to help the old people
_______________________________________
5). Why did Tom and Helen think that they should listen to and care for the old people
_______________________________________
2. Language points
1).They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。
【解析】(1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完
Studying English is__________(use).
(2) use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
We use Internet __________(find) information.
(3) used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。
My mother used_________（tell）us story when we were young.
( ) He used to ____short and ____ short hair when he was young.
A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have
(4) be /get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
My grandpa is used ___________(live) in country.
(5) be used to do sth. 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth.
①Stamps is used ____________(post) letters.
【记】He used to wear glasses. But now he is used to wearing contact lenses.
他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。
2).Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独。
【解析】alone / lonely 辨析：
(1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感彩。He often walks alone to home .
(2)lonely ①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；②也可指某个地方是荒凉的
( ) 1.The old man lives ___，but he never feels ____.
A. alone;lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely
( ) 2.He did the work all by himself.
A. already B. together C. alone D. lonely
Task2:Grammar focus
探究一、短语动词
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
常见短语动词的类型和用法:
1.动词+介词--相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。
look after 照顾 look at看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待
I agree with what you said.
He cared for her more than she realized.
2.动词+副词--①可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。②有的也可看作不及物动词。
cheer up 振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净 give up 放弃
put off 推迟 take away 拿走 fix up 修理 turn down 调低；拒绝
This is a new word. You’d better look it up in the dictionary.
It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV. =It’s too noisy. Please turn the TV down.
3.动词+副词+介词--相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。
catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出
look forward to 期望 run out of 用完，耗尽
He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.
I’m looking forward to the weekend.
4.动词+名词+介词--相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。
make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾 make friends with 与……交往
It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate.
We could make better use of our resources.
探究二、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时to可省略。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
例：He wants to see a movie tonight. 他今晚想看电影。
My teacher advised me not to stay up late.我的老师建议我不要熬夜
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词。
非谓语动词：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(它不受人称和数的限制),包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）
动词不定式的用法:
1.动词不定式作宾语--常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
想要 拒绝 忘记 (want, refuse, forget)
需要 努力 学习 (need, try, learn）
选择 同意 帮助 (choose, agree, help）
希望 决定 开始 (hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start）
Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.
He decided to help the homeless.
2.动词不定式作宾语补足语:常接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage 等。Sam asked me to help him.
The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river.
3.动词不定式作目的状语:动词不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开，也可以放在句尾。To get there on time, they started early.
4.动词不定式作主语:动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。To know oneself is difficult. 人能自知，实属不易。
5.动词不定式作表语My duty is to look after the animals.
6.动词不定式作定语:动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。
Who was the first one to arrive
使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题：1.不定式（短语）作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。主要有三种情况。
It is +名词 + to do sth.
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.
2）It takes sb. +some time + to do sth.
It takes us two hours to finish the work.
3）It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, right, wrong...) (+for/of sb.)+to do sth.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is very important for young people to master two foreign languages.
It is clever of you to do that.
2.feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。
如：①我发现记住所有的很难。I find ___________________________everything.
②我觉得冬天堆雪人是很有趣的。I think___________________________in winter.
3.有一些动词后用作宾语补足语不定式通常不带to，这样的动词主要有三看 ( see, watch, notice )、三让( let, make, have )、二听( hear, listen to )、一感觉( feel )。【特别提醒】：动词不定式在help后作宾补时，可带to也可不带to。
Did you notice her leave the house
I saw her get into the car.
His parents make him sweep the floor.
The teachers often help us (to) solve problems.
探究三、 Finish4a-4c
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks.
人教新目标版 八年级下
2d&Grammar focus-4c优质课
Lead in
Warming-up
stop hunge
an
after-school study program
cheer up
打扫（或清除）干净
分发
志愿做某事
come up wih
张贴
Fast reaction
英汉互译，遇到炸弹，大声说“bomb”
Challenge
Have you ever been a volunteer
As a volunteer, what could you do to help others
Talk like this:
A： I could….
B: I hope to….
C: I’d like to ….
D: I want to ….
E：I volunteer to...
Free talk
Have you ever worked in an old people’s home
How are a lot of old people feeling now
What can we do at an old people’s home
They are lonely.
They feel lonely.
New drills
read the newspaper to the old people
talk to/with them
listen to them
sing/dance for them
help them clean their rooms
......
We could
Helen and Tom are talking about what to do for the old people’s home.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
Really I did that last summer!
1. Who plans to work in the old people’s home _______________________________________
Helen.
2. When did Tom work in the old people’s home
_______________________________________
He worked there last summer.
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions.
3. How does Tom think about the old people _______________________________________
They are lonely.
4. What did Tom do to help the old people
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
He read the newspaper to the old people , talked to them and listened to their stories about the past and how things used to be.
5. Why did Tom and Helen think that they should listen to and care for the old people
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Because a lot of old people are lonely and we’re all going to be old one day, too.
Helen: Hi: Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with
Tom: Mm… things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for them.
Helen: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old one day, too.
help (sb.) out 分担……工作；帮一把；帮助（某人）摆脱困境
曾经…… 过去……
照顾
孤独的
Listen and read.
2d
Language points
used to 曾经……；过去…… 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
He used to be a teacher.
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses.
【拓展延伸】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。
Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
2.①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
②I want to travel alone.
lonely 形容词 意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法）
意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语
alone 副词 意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法） 强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。
形容词 意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。
Though John was not alone, he was lonely.
虽然约翰并不是独自一个人,他却感觉寂寞。
care
care for照顾；非常喜欢
care about 关心；在意
take care当心；小心
take care of 照顾
【归纳总结】 与care相关的短语：
care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。
care for还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。
She cared for my little baby when I went out.
我出去时，她照看我的小孩子。
She doesn't care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰。
3. We should listen to them and care for them.
Role-play the conversation.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work...
Really I did that last summer!
Post reading
根据课本内容，完成下列句子。
1. 我想去帮助无家可归的人。 I’d ____ __ ____ homeless people.
2. 你可以请求医院允许你探访儿童并让他们变得更高兴。
You could ___ hospitals ___ ___ you visit the kids and cheer them up.
3. 她自愿一周去那里一次帮助孩子们学习读书。
She _________ there once a week ___ ____ kids learn to read.
4. 她决定参加一个志愿者课后阅读节目的选拔。
She _______ ___ try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
5. 马里奥相信这会帮助他获得他的梦想工作。
Mario believes it can help him ___ ___ his future dream job.
6. 我正在制作一些告示，并将它们张贴于学校里。
I’m making some signs __ ___ __ around the school.
ask to let
like to help
volunteers to help
decided to
to get
to put up
Please circle the phrasal verbs.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
Grammar Focus
Please underline the infinitive structures.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
Grammar Focus
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
语法概述
一、短语动词
常见短语动词的类型和用法
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。
look after 照顾 look at看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待
I agree with what you said.
He cared for her more than she realized.
1.动词+介词
2.动词+副词
①可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。
②有的也可看作不及物动词。
cheer up 振奋起来
clean up 打扫干净
give up 放弃
put off 推迟
take away 拿走
fix up 修理
turn down 调低；拒绝
This is a new word. You’d better look it up in the dictionary.
It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV. =It’s too noisy. Please turn the TV down.
相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。
catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出
look forward to 期望 run out of 用完，耗尽
He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.
I’m looking forward to the weekend.
3.动词+副词+介词
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。
make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾 make friends with 与……交往
It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate.
We could make better use of our resources.
4.动词+名词+介词
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时to可省略。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
例：He wants to see a movie tonight. 他今晚想看电影。
My teacher advised me not to stay up late.我的老师建议我不要熬夜。
语法概述
二、动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词。
非谓语动词：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(它不受人称和数的限制),包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）
动词不定式的用法
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
想要 拒绝 忘记 (want, refuse, forget)
需要 努力 学习 (need, try, learn）
选择 同意 帮助 (choose, agree, help）
希望 决定 开始 (hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start）
Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.
He decided to help the homeless.
动词不定式作宾语
常接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage 等。
Sam asked me to help him.
The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river.
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开，也可以放在句尾。
To get there on time, they started early.
动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。
To know oneself is difficult. 人能自知，实属不易。
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。
My duty is to look after the animals.
Who was the first one to arrive
动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作定语
使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题
不定式（短语）作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。主要有三种情况。
（1）It is +名词 + to do sth.
It’s our duty to take good care of the old.
（2）It takes sb. +some time + to do sth.
It takes us two hours to finish the work.
1
（3）It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, right, wrong...)
(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is very important for young people to master two foreign languages.
It is clever of you to do that.
使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题
feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。
2
如：①我发现记住所有的很难。
I find ___________________________everything.
②我觉得冬天堆雪人是很有趣的。
I think___________________________in winter.
it difficult to remember
it interesting to make snowmen
使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语不定式通常不带to，这样的动词主要有三看 ( see, watch, notice )、三让( let, make, have )、二听( hear, listen to )、一感觉( feel )。
Did you notice her leave the house
I saw her get into the car.
His parents make him sweep the floor.
The teachers often help us (to) solve problems.
【特别提醒】：动词不定式在help后作宾补时，可带to也可不带to。
3
1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
4a
be busy with... 忙于，后接名词或代词
put off
call up
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to ________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _______ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _____ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ______ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
4b
help move do make visit spend
to make
to do
to help
be worried about 担心……
Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _______ our free time. For example, we can make plans _______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
help move do make visit spend
to spend
to visit
to move
为……筹款
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
I’d like to volunteer _______________
At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend
__________________________________
3. I’m very busy but I could help
_________________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want ____________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me ________________________
to help poor people.
to have lunch together
to do the housework for my parents.
to have a long journey abroad.
not to eat unhealthy food.
4c
【2020·甘孜州】We have to ______ the sports meeting for the bad weather.
A. put on B. put up C. put off
【2020·牡丹江、鸡西地区】These problems are too hard to ________. Will you give me some advice
A. look out B. work out C. hand out
【2020·辽阳】 John didn’t get the job he wanted. Let’s go and _____.
A. turn him down B. call him back C. cheer him up D. let him down
B
C
1
2
3
Exercises
C
【2020·鄂州市】The Tokyo Olympics will be ________ because of the disease around the world.
A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put away
【2020·福建省】The twin brothers are busy ________ artworks from ocean waste.
A. making B. make C. to make
【2020·吉林省】Lisa plans________ a new picture next week.
A. draw B. to draw C. drawing
A
B
B
4
5
6
Exercises
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