2022届高考英语二轮专题语法复习专题独立主格结构学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮专题语法复习专题独立主格结构学案（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 20.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-02-17 23:06:24 | ||
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2022年高考英语语法复习专题--独立主格结构
独立主格结构表达的意义
1.表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。
2.说明时间或顺序
3.表示原因。
4.表示条件。
独立主格的构成有类型
1. 不定式to do表示动作没有发生或即将发生，且to do动作的执行者是句子的主语。动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The manager looks worried，many things to settle.
经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
2. 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，与-ed的主语构成被动关系。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
3. 动词-ing式往往表示动作正在进行，-ing的主语和动作构成主动关系.
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
4. 另外还有两种固定形式：
1) There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
2) It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
比较下面句子
找出这几个句子在句式结构上有何不同，找出错误的句子并说明原因。
1.It was sunny that day and we went camping in the forest.(正确)
2.It was sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(错误)
3.It was sunny that day,so we went camping in the forest.(正确)
4.It being sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(正确)
句1是用连接词and连接的两个句子，句2错两个句子用，分开不正确，句3构成so引导的状语从句，句4是独立主格结构做状语。
专项练习题一
1.It _____ heavily,the game had to be delayed.
A. was snowing B.snowing C.snowed D.had snowed
2._____,the lecture began.
A.The listeners having taken their seats B.Having taken their seats
C.Taking their seats D.The listeners to take their seats
3._____,Tom went out to play.
A.There was nothing to do B.There had nothing to do
C.As there had nothing to do D.There being nothing to do
4._____,the leaves are beginning ______.
A. Autumn comes...to fall B.Autumn coming... to fall
C. As autumn coming ... falling D.Autumn to came ... falling
5._____,the patient can leave the hospital.
A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions.
6._____,the patient can leave the hospital.
A.If better conditions B.If conditions better
C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions
7._____,we'd like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
8._____,we'd like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is Ok B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday Ok D.A B and C
9._____,you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on B.The play still on C.Being still on the play D.A and B
10._____,so you can wait a while.
A.The play is still on B.The play Being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on
Keys:1-5 BADBB 6-10 CBDDA
专项练习题二
1.The man rushed into the house,his face _____ under his cap.
A.hiding B.having hidden C.hidden D.to hide
2._____ no bus,we had to walk home.
A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was
3._____ no bus,we had to walk home.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
4._____ Sunday,the library doesn't open.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been
5._____ Sunday,the library dosen't open.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
6._____,the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving
7._____,the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given
8._____,the text became easier for us to lean.
A.Explaining new words B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words
9._____,the text became easier for us to lean.
A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new words
C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words
10.So many problems _____,I'm in a tight corner.
A.settled B.remained to settle C.being settled D.remaining to be settled
11.The speech _____,a lively discussion started.
A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered
12.My money _____,I have to do some part-time job _____ my living.
A.has run out ... earning B.is running out ... to earn
C.has been run out ... earning D.running out ... to earn
13._____,we don't have to go home on foot.
A.There comes a bus B.Coming a bus there C.There coming a bus D.Because the bus coming
14.The meeting _____ over,we all left the room.
A.is B.to be C.being D.would be
15.European football is played in 80 countries,it ____ the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
16._____ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
17.The fish _____ bad,the children left much of ____ it.
A.tasted,untouched B.tasting,untouched
C.tasting,untouching D.tasted,untouching
18.______ from what you say,he ought to succed.
A.Judged B.Judging C.When you judged D.Because you judge
19.Everything _____ into consideration,they ought to have another chance.
A.to take B.taken C.to be taken D.taking
20.Time _____,I'll drop in on you while visiting your hometown.
A.permit B.permitted C.being permitted D.permitting
21.The boy followed the nobleman here,_____.
A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand
B.being a sword in hand D.sword in hand
22.The boy followed the nobleman here _____.
A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand
C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand
23.He left the office,_____.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
24.He left the office ______.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes
C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes
Keys: 1-5 CAB CD 6-10 AD BAD 11-15 DDG CA 16-20 ABB BD 21-24 DABB
独立主格转换成状语从句
独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转换为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语一致。
1.转换为条件状语从句
Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
转换为：
If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。
Listening to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.
转换为：
If you listen to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.
如果你每天都听英语，你会慢慢地学得很好的。
2. 转换为时间状语从句
Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
转换为：
When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
转换为：
When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
3.转换成原因状语从句
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
转换为：
Because the bay led us the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.转换为：
Because I don’t know her address, I can't write to her.
由于不知道她的地址，所以我不能给她写信。
还必须注意，分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。
Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time.
独立主格结构表达的意义
1.表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。
2.说明时间或顺序
3.表示原因。
4.表示条件。
独立主格的构成有类型
1. 不定式to do表示动作没有发生或即将发生，且to do动作的执行者是句子的主语。动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The manager looks worried，many things to settle.
经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
2. 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，与-ed的主语构成被动关系。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
3. 动词-ing式往往表示动作正在进行，-ing的主语和动作构成主动关系.
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
4. 另外还有两种固定形式：
1) There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
2) It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.
由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
比较下面句子
找出这几个句子在句式结构上有何不同，找出错误的句子并说明原因。
1.It was sunny that day and we went camping in the forest.(正确)
2.It was sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(错误)
3.It was sunny that day,so we went camping in the forest.(正确)
4.It being sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(正确)
句1是用连接词and连接的两个句子，句2错两个句子用，分开不正确，句3构成so引导的状语从句，句4是独立主格结构做状语。
专项练习题一
1.It _____ heavily,the game had to be delayed.
A. was snowing B.snowing C.snowed D.had snowed
2._____,the lecture began.
A.The listeners having taken their seats B.Having taken their seats
C.Taking their seats D.The listeners to take their seats
3._____,Tom went out to play.
A.There was nothing to do B.There had nothing to do
C.As there had nothing to do D.There being nothing to do
4._____,the leaves are beginning ______.
A. Autumn comes...to fall B.Autumn coming... to fall
C. As autumn coming ... falling D.Autumn to came ... falling
5._____,the patient can leave the hospital.
A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions.
6._____,the patient can leave the hospital.
A.If better conditions B.If conditions better
C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions
7._____,we'd like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
8._____,we'd like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is Ok B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday Ok D.A B and C
9._____,you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on B.The play still on C.Being still on the play D.A and B
10._____,so you can wait a while.
A.The play is still on B.The play Being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on
Keys:1-5 BADBB 6-10 CBDDA
专项练习题二
1.The man rushed into the house,his face _____ under his cap.
A.hiding B.having hidden C.hidden D.to hide
2._____ no bus,we had to walk home.
A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was
3._____ no bus,we had to walk home.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
4._____ Sunday,the library doesn't open.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been
5._____ Sunday,the library dosen't open.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
6._____,the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving
7._____,the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given
8._____,the text became easier for us to lean.
A.Explaining new words B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words
9._____,the text became easier for us to lean.
A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new words
C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words
10.So many problems _____,I'm in a tight corner.
A.settled B.remained to settle C.being settled D.remaining to be settled
11.The speech _____,a lively discussion started.
A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered
12.My money _____,I have to do some part-time job _____ my living.
A.has run out ... earning B.is running out ... to earn
C.has been run out ... earning D.running out ... to earn
13._____,we don't have to go home on foot.
A.There comes a bus B.Coming a bus there C.There coming a bus D.Because the bus coming
14.The meeting _____ over,we all left the room.
A.is B.to be C.being D.would be
15.European football is played in 80 countries,it ____ the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
16._____ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
17.The fish _____ bad,the children left much of ____ it.
A.tasted,untouched B.tasting,untouched
C.tasting,untouching D.tasted,untouching
18.______ from what you say,he ought to succed.
A.Judged B.Judging C.When you judged D.Because you judge
19.Everything _____ into consideration,they ought to have another chance.
A.to take B.taken C.to be taken D.taking
20.Time _____,I'll drop in on you while visiting your hometown.
A.permit B.permitted C.being permitted D.permitting
21.The boy followed the nobleman here,_____.
A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand
B.being a sword in hand D.sword in hand
22.The boy followed the nobleman here _____.
A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand
C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand
23.He left the office,_____.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
24.He left the office ______.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes
C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes
Keys: 1-5 CAB CD 6-10 AD BAD 11-15 DDG CA 16-20 ABB BD 21-24 DABB
独立主格转换成状语从句
独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转换为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语一致。
1.转换为条件状语从句
Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
转换为：
If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends.
如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。
Listening to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.
转换为：
If you listen to English every day, you’ll learn it well step by step.
如果你每天都听英语，你会慢慢地学得很好的。
2. 转换为时间状语从句
Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
转换为：
When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。
Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
转换为：
When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
3.转换成原因状语从句
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
转换为：
Because the bay led us the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.转换为：
Because I don’t know her address, I can't write to her.
由于不知道她的地址，所以我不能给她写信。
还必须注意，分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。
Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time.