2013高考英语（西安市）阅读理解（1）及答案或解析（11月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、如何做好推理判断题(3)
◆ 方法点拨
做推理判断题时注重从已知推出未知，但在推理过程中千万不要主观臆断，掺杂自己的观点。
◆ 活学活用
根据所学技巧，完成下列读写任务
The automobile has many advantages. Above all，it offers people freedom to go wherever and whenever they want to go. The basic purpose of a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B as cheaply，quickly，and safely as possible. However，to most people，cars are also personal fantasy machines that serve as symbols of power，success，speed，excitement，and adventure.
In addition，much of the world's economy is built on producing motor vehicles and supplying roads，services，and repairs for those vehicles. Half of the world's paychecks are auto related. In the Unite
2013【上海市】 高考英语阅读理解（2）及答案或解析（9月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、阅读理解中的指代(2)
◆ 活学活用
根据上单元所学技巧，完成下列读写任务
TAIBEI—Increasing numbers of Taiwanese students are joining the island's “China rush”，seeking education on the Chinese mainland.
According to official Chinese figures，the number of Taiwanese students admitted into college and postgraduate(研究生)programs on the mainland totaled 461 in 1996,928 in 1997 and 839 in 1998.Although no latest official numbers were available，” Netbig.Com said this number had risen between 30 to 50 percent annually in the past two years with well over 1,000 entering mainland campuses last year.
The Internet site，based in the Chinese city of Shenzhen，provides education service and information on Chinese mainland college and universities. “Many Taiwanese believe a Chinese education giving more knowledge about the people and culture in the mainland will increase their chances in the Chinese job market，Net.Com vice-president Ingrid Huang said.“I believe it will give me hands-on experience in the business field in the Chinese mainland and a better understanding of the Chinese mainland people，” said Lydia Chang，a 19-year-old majoring in journalism at Shih Shin University.Chang plans to go on to get a master's degree in business administration in Shanghai，which she says offers the best environment for such studies.
A journalism graduate student，surnamed Lin，at the National Taiwan University said he would like to study law on the Chinese mainland since “there will be better career prospects now that more Taiwanese companies are going there”．“They hope the children could build up connections which could later become useful in their business operations，” said Yang Ching-yao，professor of the Chinese mainland studies.A Netbig.Com survey showed the campuses favored by Taiwan students included Beijing，Qinghua and Renmin universities in Beijing，and Jinan and Zhongshan universities in Guangzhou.The most popular studies were law，business and Chinese medicine.
At present，Chinese Taibei doesn't recognize diplomas earned in the Chinese mainland nor help with any inquiries about studying there.But recognizing the trend，education authorities are giving a final form to a policy accepting certificates(证书)from selected universities.
Ⅰ.以约30词概括短文大意
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择正确答案，说出第3题的解题思路
1．More Taiwanese students study on the Chinese mainland because ________.
A．Taiwan will reunite with the mainland sooner or later
B．the fees asked for are lower than those of Taiwan
C．what they have learned on the mainland will bring them a bright future
D．there are many famous universities for them to choose
2．Some business executives were sending their children to study in the Chinese mainland so that their children ______.
A．could receive better education
B．could learn more about the policy there
C．could do well in the business operations
D．could make more friends there
3．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to ________.
A．Netbig.Com
B．a Chinese education on the mainland
C．the Chinese job market
D．the university
4．The author wrote the article to tell us ________.
A．more Taiwanese students are studying on the mainland
B．the number of Taiwanese students going to universities on the mainland had been increasing year after year
C．education on the mainland is more attractive compared with that of Taiwan
D．Taiwan and the mainland should cooperate with each other in every field
5．Which is true according to the passage?
A．Chinese Taibei recognizes diplomas earned on the Chinese mainland.
B．The number of Taiwanese students going to study on the mainland will surely be increasing in the next few years.
C．Chinese Taibei doesn't help with any inquiries about Taiwanese studying in the mainland.
D．Education of Taiwan is far behind the mainland.
参考答案
Ⅰ
Increasing numbers of Taiwanese students are seeking education on the Chinese mainland，believing a Chinese education gives them more knowledge about the mainland and more chances in the Chinese job market.(31words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：细节理解题。综合文章第二、三、四自然段可知，台湾学生来中国留学是为自己以后找到好的工作创造更多的机会和途径。
答案：C
2．解析：推理判断题。通过文章第五自然段中“They hope the children could build up connections which could later become useful in their business operations，” 一句话可知。
答案：C
3．解析：意义猜测题。通过原文可知这里“it”指的是“大陆的教育”。
答案：B
4．解析：主旨大意题。虽然现在台湾学生来中国留学的人数在增加，但是文章并没有说大陆教育比台湾教育更吸引人，也没有谈到台湾和大陆的合作。
答案：A
5．解析：推理判断题。通过文章最后一自然段第一句话“At present，Chinese Taibei doesn't recognize diplomas earned in the Chinese mainland nor help with any inquiries about studying there.”可知台北不承认大陆学历，也不为台湾来中国留学的学生提供任何帮助；另外文章也没有说下一步台湾来中国留学的学生肯定会增加，也没有说台湾教育落后于大陆。
答案：C
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重庆市2013高考英语二轮复习：阅读专题练习（2）及答案
? 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项????????????????????
A ??? Women enjoy free time less than men, a new study finds. And it’s getting worse. ??? When men have free time, they feel less rushed. However, women do not feel less rushed after work. ??? The results suggest that mothers in particular feel the pressures of children and housework even when they have time to relax. The meanings of free time for men and women are quite different, said Saver, the assistant professor of this study. ??? The study was based on two national surveys, one in the mid-1970s involving 708 people and the other in the late 1990s with 1,151 participants. ??? The participants kept diaries on how they spent a specific 24-hour period. They were also asked how often they felt rushed during a typical day -- never, sometimes or always. ??? The workload increased for women between 1975 and 1998, especially in comparison with men. ??? In 1975, women and men had similar amounts of free time, but by 1998 women had had less leisure time than men. ??? "Women worked more hours in paid employment in 1998 than they did in 1975, Saver said. "The amount of time they spent in household labor decreased during that period, but not enough to offset (抵消) the increase in paid work hours." ??? The chance of feeling sometimes or always rushed was more than twice as high for married women with children than it was for single, childless women, But men who were married and had children didn't feel more rushed than single, childless men. ?? Saver said other research suggests women still feel more responsible for taking care of children and housework, even if men are doing more than they once did. 1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ???? A. Women won't think about their children or housework when they have free time. ???? B. When men have free time, they will feel as rushed as when they are busy. ???? C. Men spend more time at work than before, but they feel less rushed. ???? D. After marriage, men also help to do some housework. ?2. The purpose of the author writing this article is to______. ???? A. encourage women to enjoy more free time ???? B. introduce the results of current research ???? C. describe the differences between men and women ???? D. explain the reasons for women’s pressures ?3. Compared with single, childless men, men who were married _______. ???? A. had to spend more time on work ???? B. had to do more housework ???? C. could enjoy less leisure time ???? D. didn't feel more rushed ?4. What would be the best title for the passage? ???? A. Men Hold More Social Responsibilities ???? B. Women Suffer from More Illnesses ???? C. Women Feel More Rushed than Men ???? D. Men Get More Rewards from Work
参考答案 DBDC?
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B There are several ski hills that can be found locally, and not so locally. Here's a bit of an informal snow report for any visitors to the city who may be unfamiliar with the local options for skiing. Sunshine Village ?? Sunshine is definitely the premier ski hill in the area. Of all the hills in Alberta, Sunshine is the one that has earned international renown. Ticket prices are cheaper this year than they have been in the past. Adults pay $76.5, seniors $61.5, and children only pay $26.5. At present, they have a snow base of 107 cm. The terrain (地形) is a mix of both easy and hard runs. Lake Louise ?? Of all the ski resorts nearby it is the largest with 4,200 acres of ski-able terrain. It has the best balance between easy and difficult runs, and it gets snow of 93 cm right now. Adults pay $75.5, seniors pay $54.5, and children pay $24.5. Lake Louise is a great choice for anyone looking to do some easy access backcountry skiing. Nakiska ?? While it will be opening shortly, Nakiska is popular to the public. Currently, they have a base of 71cm. The terrain at Nakiska is varied, but slants (倾斜) more towards the easy side. It's the best place for families to go skiing as there is a lot of beginner and kid terrain. Tickets are relatively cheap. Adults pay $64.5, seniors pay $51.5, and children only pay $19.5. Olympic Park ??? O.P. was built for the 1988 Winter Olympics in Canada, and it is a world-class facility (设施） for almost every winter sport. It has facilities not only for skiing, but also for all kinds of other activities. It has a snow base of 102 cm, but it isn't the primary focus. However, with tickets starting at $5 and capping at $39, it is very inexpensive. 5. What can we know about Sunshine Village? ??? A. It is a ski hill in Europe. ??? B. Its snow is the thickest of the four. ??? C. It is suitable for ski beginners. ??? D. its ticket prices are getting more expensive. 6. What does the underlined word "renown" mean in the passage? ??? A. Good attraction.?????? B. Place of interest. ??? C. Prize or reward.?????? D. Fame or reputation. 7. Which will be the best choice for someone who is fond of other sports games besides skiing? ??? A. Sunshine Village.? B. Lake Louise. ??? C. Olympic Park.??? D. Nakiska. 8. How much will a woman pay if she and her husband with two children go skiing in the best family place? ??? A. 168 dollars.?? B. 103.5 dollars. ??? C. 209 dollars.?? D. 129.5 dollars.
参考答案 BDCA?
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C ???? Washington: A research conducted at the University of Maryland looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends. ???? It suggests that the kids' decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed. ???? "They take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. Sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. Instead it has to do with what we refer to as 'group membership' such as gender, race, nation, and culture," says Professor Melanie Killen, the Associate Director of the Centre for Children Relationships and Culture at Maryland, who led the 4-year project. ???? Reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, individuals who experienced long-term exclusion (排斥) from the group of friends suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness. ???? The study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the individual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. While the former says that children's rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion. ???? It was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids' acceptance as friends. ???? "With age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. With this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint," says Killen. ???? The researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers. 9. While making friends, kids think more about the following EXCEPT ______. ??? A. social skills B. culture C. race D. gender 10. The underlined word "deficit" in Paragraph 5 may mean “_______”. ??? A. skill B. relationship C. weakness D. experience 11. One of the major purposes of the research is to _______. ??? A. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion ?? ?B. remind children to be careful while making friends ??? C. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers ??? D. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model 12. While making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _______. ?? ?A. keep their groups purer ? ?B. make their groups more socially powerful ? ?C. refuse other customs and cultures ?? ?D. prove their groups to be strict 13. The proper title for this passage is _______. A. Techniques of making friends ?? ?B. Social communication among kids ? ?C. Making friends -- a special culture ? ?D. Kids' complex way of making friends
参考答案 ? ACCBD??
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北京市2013高考英语二轮复习：阅读专题练习（2）及答案
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
“Hey, Jenna, do you think we’ll still be friends when we’re eighty-two?” I asked my friend．It was clear that she was wondering where I had come up with such a question．Losing Jenna would be like losing a very close sister．We hung out together．We gave each other advice．
“Of course, we’ll still be friends when we’re eighty-two．” Jenna announced loudly．
The next year, in the fourth grade, we met Jamie．The three of us soon became close friends．We played together almost every day．I thought even time couldn’t pull us apart, but I was sadly mistaken．
The three of us started fighting a lot．Before Christmas, we had a really big fight, and Jamie and Jenna were against me, both saying I was bossy．I felt helpless and lonely．I thought Christmas would be horrible!
I was surprised when Jenna came to my house and gave me an awesome Christmas card she had made for me．I was so sure that she was still disappointed with me．
“Wow, ” I said, breaking the silence as we stood on either side of my front door．“Thanks．”
“Okay…well…I have to go,” she said softly．
“Okay．See you later then…” and I closed the door．
“Who was that at the door?” my mum asked．
The card started off with “Merry Christmas”, but then it said, “I am so glad we’re friends．I am sorry about what I said when we were fighting．A fight won’t stop us from being friends．Besides, we said we were going to be friends even when we’re eight-two．”
I stopped reading and started laughing．I couldn’t believe I had forgotten what she said that day in her back yard．I couldn’t believe I had been so selfish in trying to get even and making my friends feel sorry for me that I had forgotten about real friendship．
56．How would the author and Jenna get along with each other after Christmas?
A．They would be close friends again．
B．They would not speak to each other．
C．They would lose touch with each other．
D．They would go on fighting with each other．
57．The underlined sentence “I was bossy” in the fourth paragraph means “_________”．
A．I looked like a boss B．I acted as a boss
C．I was fond of giving orders D．I was fond of fighting
58．Which of the following is the right time order according to the passage?
a．Jamie became our friend．
b．I felt lonely and unhappy．
c．Jenna, Jamie and I fought a lot．
d．Jenna brought me a Christmas card．
e．I was sorry for what I did to her．
f．Jenna and I promised to be lifelong friends．
A．f a b c e d B．a c f b d e C．a b c f e d D．f a c b d e
59．The author was delighted when she read the card from Jenna because _________．
A．what Jenna wrote was funny
B．Jenna would be her friend again
C．she was happy about the coming Christmas
D．she was happy to receive a Christmas card
参考答案 56—59ACDB
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B
1．The Video Camera Pen
Item 78431; $129．95
Available for Immediate Shipment
Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the pen that has a built-in video camera, capturing videos or still images with a click of its button．Ideal for use while secured in a pocket, it can capture up to five hours of video and up to 20,000 images．Its battery provides up to two hours of power before requiring a recharge．
2．The Wristwatch Camcorder
Item 78098; $149．95
Available for 3-day shipment
Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the men’s watch with an unnoticeable
camcorder, so you’ll always have a camera ready
to capture a chance famous person or a pet’s ridiculous actions．The camera is located at the two-o’clock position, yet the watch’s hands never make it covered．The camera’s rechargeable battery provides up to two hours of use from a four-hour charge．
3．The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theater
Item 77918; $249．95
Available for Immediate Shipment
Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the only personal media viewer that provides a private viewing experience just like watching a widescreen 55 inch television from 10 meters away．It connects to a video iPod, iPhone, portable DVD player．Includes two AA batteries that provide up to six hours of continuous operation and iPod cable．
4．The Digital Phone Album Watch
Item 77281; $99．95
Available for Immediate Shipment
Order by Phone: 1-800-321-1484
This is the watch that vividly displays
120 of your favorite digital photographs．You can download digital photographs to the watch．The watch can be viewed in the Photo Album mode（time and photo view） or digital mode （time and date view）．A six-hour charge provides up to 10 days of use．
60．What’s the purpose of this passage?
A．To compare some creative inventions． B．To advertise some unique goods．
C．To teach how to operate the items． D．To show how fashionable the items are．
61．What do Item 78431 and Item 78098 have in common according to this passage?
A．They both sell well． B．They are both cheap．
C．They both have unusual appearances． D．They both can take photos．
62．If you’re a movie fan, you probably show strong interest in ________．
A．The Video Camera Pen
B．The Wristwatch Camcorder
C．The only 55 Inch Widescreen Personal Movie Theater
D．The Digital Phone Album Watch
63．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In fact, Item 78098 cannot tell time．
B．Item 77918 works as a DVD player．
C．In a way, Item 77281 is user-friendly．
D．All the items include rechargeable batteries．
参考答案 60—63 BDCC
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2013【上海市】 高考英语阅读理解（3）及答案或解析（9月）
阅读理解、专题训练（**）、文章主旨(**)
◆ 方法点拨
关于文章主旨题需特别注意的是：此类题的设题特点往往是题中有一、二个选项是原文讲述的某个方面，诱惑不少考生以偏概全，误选答案。为避免这种错误， 同学们一定要牢记：一定要选择能涵盖全文含义的选项。
◆ 活学活用
阅读下列短文， 按要求完成读写任务
(全国卷)EDGEWOOD—Every morning at Dixie Heights High School，customers pour into a special experiment：the district's first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs.
Well before classes start，students and teachers order Lattes，Cappuccinos and Hot Chocolates.Then，during the first period，teachers call in orders on their room phones，and students make deliveries.
By closing time at 9∶20 a．m.，the shop usually sells 90 drinks.
“Whoever made the chi tea，Ms.Schatzman says it was good.”Christy McKinley，a second year student，announced recently，after hanging up with the teacher.
The shop is called the Dixie PIT，which stands for Power in Transition.Although some of the students are not disabled，many are，and the PIT helps them prepare for life after high school.
They learn not only how to run a coffee shop but also how to deal with their affairs.They keep a timecard and receive paychecks，which they keep in check registers.
Special-education teachers Kim Chevalier and Sue Casey introduced the Dixie PIT from a similar program at Kennesaw Mountain High School in Georgia.
Not that it was easy.Chevalier's first problem to overcome was product-related.Should schools be selling coffee？What about sugar content?
Kenton County Food Service Director Ginger Gray helped.She made sure all the drinks，which use non-fat milk，fell within nutrition (营养) guidelines.
The whole school has joined in to help.
Teachers agreed to give up their lounge (休息室) in the mornings.Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall.Business students designed the paychecks.The basketball team helped pay for cups.
1．What is the text mainly about?
A．A best-selling coffee.
B．A special educational program.
C．Government support for schools.
D．A new type of teacher-student relationship.
2．The Dixie PIT program was introduced in order to________________________________________________________________________.
A．raise money for school affairs
B．do some research on nutrition
C．develop students' practical skills
D．supply teachers with drinks
3．How did Christy McKinley know Ms.Schatzman's opinion of the chi tea?
A．She met her in the shop.
B．She heard her telling others.
C．She talked to her on the phone.
D．She went to her office to deliver the tea.
4．We know from the text that Ginger Gray________.
A．manages the Dixie P1T program in Kenton County
B．sees that the drinks meet health standards
C．teaches at Dixie Heights High School
D．owns the school's coffee shop
参考答案
三、
1．解析：文章主旨题。第一段的customers pour into a special experiment：the district's first coffee shop run mostly by students with special learning needs开门见山，点明主题，后面的内容都是对这个特别项目的介绍，包括活动的发起人、活动时间、活动目的、活动内容、参与人员等。
答案：B
2．解析：开展活动的目的是提高学生的实践能力。
答案：C
3．解析：从第二段的teachers call in orders on their room phones，and students make deliveries可知答案。
答案：C
4．解析：从Ginger Gray helped.She made sure all the drinks，which use non-fat milk，fell within nutrition (营养) guidelines可知，Ginger Gray教学生们准备各种食物。
答案：C
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故事类---（一）.[2012·课标全国卷]
About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio (影棚) to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our “act” would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”. Two more fans were turned on, and a “strong wind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “stars”！
36. Who is the author?
A. A cameraman.
B. A film director.
C. A crowd-scene actor.
D. A workman for scene setting.
37. What made the author feel cold?
A. The heavy snowfall.
B. The man-made scene.
C. The low temperature.
D. The film being shown.
38. What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. A new scene would be filmed.
B. More stars would act in the film.
C. The author would leave the studio.
D. The next scene would be prepared.
【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己作为群众演员的一次经历。
36. C 细节理解题。根据文章中的第一段“About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our ‘act’ would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.”可知作者是群众演员。所以C正确。
37. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in ‘snow’. Two more fans were turned on, and a ‘strong wind’ blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.”可知这里的picture即是the man-made scene。
38. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film ‘stars’！”可知A正确。
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社会生活类---[2012·上海卷]
(C)
Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)．
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ________.
A. turn to friends for help
B. solve a conflict calmly
C. find an escape from reality
D. seek comfort from children
73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?
A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.
B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.
C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.
D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.
74. What can be learned from the passage?
A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.
B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.
C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.
D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. How men and women get over stress
B. How men and women suffer from stress
C. How researchers overcome stress problems
D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders
【要点综述】本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。
72. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response…和…they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”)．可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。
73. D 细节理解题。根据第三段中…an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body.和While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但是影响打折扣。
74. C 推理推断题。根据第五段中The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行为的差异。所以选C。
75. A 主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。
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2013【上海市】 高考英语阅读理解（4）及答案或解析（9月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、时文阅读
◆ 技巧点拨
时文阅读是高考阅读理解的考查重点。它所报道的都是国内外最新的事物或趋势，内容新颖，语言地道。阅读时文可拓宽考生视野，使考生了解国内外大事及最新动态，激发考生的阅读兴趣，增加考生的语言积累， 进而提高考生的语言运用能力，从而做到从容应考。时文多为记叙文或说明文，或记叙某人某物，或介绍某新生事物、科研进展、生活时尚等。此外，广告也可归为时文范畴。 因此，要正确理解阅读材料，考生需灵活运用阅读技巧，从而准确把握文章脉络，抓住文章主旨。
◆ 活学活用
阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务
Move Earth — it's no science fiction
LONDON — Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating：move it to a cooler spot.All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星)in the direction of Earth，and its orbit(轨道)will be changed.Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer，colder part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) engineers and American astronomers.They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.
The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin，and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams，needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
“Earth's orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun，” Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn.The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets.Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth，and the process would be repeated.
In the short term，the plan provides an ideal way to global warming，although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger.The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere(生物圈)— by cooking us.
That's why the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects，however.For a start，space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth.The smallest miscalculation(误算)in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.
There is also the question of the Moon.As the current issue of Scientific American以约30词概括文章大意
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据短文内容选择最佳答案
1．What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?
A．A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.
B．Earth's working life is coming to an end soon.
C．Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.
D．The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.
2．If the plan is successful，Earth will have a working life of ________years.
A．12 billion B．6 billion
C．18 billion D．24 billion
3．What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?
A．The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.
B．Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death.
C．The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.
D．Earth's working life might be greatly shortened.
4．What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?
A．provide B．benefit
C．share D．endanger
5．Which of the following best shows how the plan would work?
参考答案
Ⅰ
The text is about a way to save the earth from overheating：to send a few comets in the direction of Earth，making the earth spin into a safer，colder part of the solar system.(35 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：从The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere(生物圈)— by cooking us.得知答案。
答案：C
2.解析：从their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.得知答案。
答案：A
3．解析：从倒数第二段的in orbit could fire it straight at Earth和最后一段的the Moon would be stripped away from Earth得知答案。
答案：A
4.解析：从by cooking us(把我们烤熟)推知“compromise”应为 “危害”之意。
答案：D
5.解析：首先地球必须远离太阳，后面的Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth都说明A最好阐述了这种位置。
答案：A
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阅读理解、专题训练(**)、细节理解(**)、数字计算题
◆ 技巧点拨
如果问的内容是由数字表示的事实或细节，比如时间、价格、次数、人数、增长或减少的幅度、比例等，往往要经过计算后才能得出答案。所以，不要轻易用文中直接出现的数字作答，因为直接出现的某一数字往往只是依据之一，要把所有数字都找出来，确定每个数字之间的关系，经过思考换算，最后作出选择。
◆ 活学活用
阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务
The dream of flying into outer space，cherished by the Chinese people for centuries，will soon come true.
China launched its fourth unmanned spacecraft (飞船)“Shenzhou Ⅳ”on December 30 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province.It was the 27th consecutive(连续的 )and successful launch of China-made rockets since October 1996.This launch has made it more realistic for China to send a person into space on its own following Russia and the USA.
Qi Faren，leading designer of the spacecraft system，said all the functions (功能)designed for manned flights have withstood (经受住)the test of three previous，successful launches and return landings of the “Shenzhou” spaceships.
China launched the “Shenzhou Ⅰ ”，“Shenzhou Ⅱ ”and “Shenzhou Ⅲ ”spacecrafts in 1999,2001 and 2002 respectively.
“Shouzhou Ⅳ” was to make it a more comfortable place in which astronauts can live and work.All parts of the application system for manned flight are aboard the “Shenzhou Ⅳ”craft in all test flights.
China's manned flight programme began in 1992.A number of unmanned test flights will be launched before Chinese astronauts are sent into space.
Leading scientists in charge of China's manned space programme said the successful launch of the “Shenzhou Ⅳ” laid a solid foundation for the country's future task of sending Chinese astronauts to outer space.The spacecraft returned to the earth on January 5，after completing seven experiments in space.
Officials at the centre said that“ Shenzhou Ⅴ”，a manned spacecraft，is expected to be launched later this year.
Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项
1．How many countries can send a person into space on its own by now?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．Not mentioned.
2．China's manned flight programme began in ________.
A．1992 B．October 1996.
C．1999 D．January 2003
3．As a matter of fact，________.
A．“Shenzhou Ⅴ ”has been launched
B．“Shenzhou Ⅳ” was a manned spacecraft
C．“Shenzhou Ⅲ ”and“ Shenzhou Ⅳ” were not launched in the same year
D．the dream of man flying into outer space has come true in China
4．Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
A．The Successful Launching of “Shenzhou Ⅳ”．
B．The Landing of “Shenzhou Ⅳ ”．
C．Chin a's Manned Flight Programme.
D．The Third Country Sending a Person into Outer Space.
Ⅰ
The passage tells us China launched successfully its fourth unmanned spacecraft “Shenzhou Ⅳ”，which laid a solid foundation for the country's future task of sending Chinese astronauts to outer space.(30 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：从第二段的following Russia and the USA得知答案。
答案：A
2.解析：从第六段的China's manned flight programme began in 1992得知答案。
答案：A
3.解析：从 “Shouzhou Ⅳ” was to make it a more comfortable place in which astronauts can live and work得知答案。
答案：B
4.解析：全文都讲的是神舟4号发射成功。
答案：A
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社会生活类---[2012·四川卷]
A
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.
Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.
There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.
The_seasons_change_just_outside_the_door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’(杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.
41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?
A．The scenes are colorful and changeable.
B．There are many windows in the wooden house.
C．The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.
D．The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.
42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ________.
A．the kids like playing in trees
B．the kids are very familiar with trees
C．the kids have learned much knowledge
D．the kids find trees useful learning tools
43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．The change of seasons is easily felt.
B．The seasons make the scenes change.
C．The weather often changes in the forest.
D．The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.
44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
A．To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.
B．To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest.
C．To show that living in the forest is healthful.
D．To share the joy of living in the nature.
【要点综述】本文为记叙文，描述了作者与家人身居大自然中的切身感受。文章主要展示了作者居住环境的优美和在此美景中生活的惬意。
41. A 推理判断题。本段中提到，每面窗户都会有一幅不同的风景，森林和湖泊与一小时之前所见到的都不一样。据此可知，作者身居的环境是多彩和变化的。故选A。
42. C 推理判断题。根据第四段话中“Our kids have learned the names of the trees…As they tell all…white pines are the best climbing trees.”可知孩子们已经了解了周围环境包括树在内的很多知识。故答案选C。
43. A 推理判断题。根据本段对于周围大自然的变化的描述可知，作者身处此地，能够很容易地感觉到季节的变换。故答案为A。
44. D 推理判断题。此题推测文章的写作目的。通读全文，不难了解，作者是与读者分享身居大自然中的快乐生活。故答案为D。
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故事类---（二）[2012·西安一检]
Wherever she goes, Molly leaves her mark. Without saying a word, she speaks to people with her kind eyes. Even when she walks away, she leaves an impression. Molly's mark is a smile, stamped into the ground by the horseshoe at the bottom of her false leg.
A few years ago, Molly was badly attacked by a dog. The dog bit all four of Molly's legs and left large cuts in her face. Molly's owner, Kate Harris, took her to an animal hospital. Doctors there were able to save Molly's life, but soon one of her legs became very infected(感染病菌的).
At first, doctors thought Molly would have to be put to sleep. But Molly changed their minds. This pony, doctors noticed, shifted her weight, and rested her good leg from time to time. Doctors knew that Molly had amazing intelligence, and that she wanted to live.
Several doctors operated on Molly, and removed her infected leg. A false leg was made for her. The leg was a hollow cast with a pole at the bottom for balance. Doctors gave Molly a special horseshoe at the bottom of the leg. This horseshoe she had had a stamp of a smile face in it!
After the operation, Molly walked around on all four legs, as if nothing had ever happened to her! Now, with every step she takes, she stamps a smile in the dirt. But she leaves her mark in other ways, too.
Kate Harris took Molly to the false leg center. There were children there who, like Molly, had artificial arms or legs. They were amazed to see a pony with a false leg. Molly made them smile and gave them hope. Soon, Molly began to visit schools, nursing homes, army bases and hospitals. A book was even written about Molly!
16．Molly is the name of a________.
A.dog B．horse
C.parent D．child
17．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A.Molly can speak to people in kind words.
B.Kate Harris took Molly to a children's hospital after the attack.
C.In the beginning, doctors had planned to end Molly's life.
D.Molly sometimes leaves smiling marks on people's faces.
18．What is unique about Molly?
A.Molly has a false leg with a horseshoe shaped like a smiling face.
B.Molly ran a race and won the first prize.
C.Molly often visits places such as schools and parks.
D.Molly has become a symbol of hope for people of all ages.
19．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．A Book on Molly
B．A False Leg
C．A successful Operation
D．Leaving Her Mark
【要点综述】文章介绍了一匹名叫Molly的小型马在很小的时候不幸受伤，依靠安装假肢顽强生活下去的故事。这给了那些在逆境中的人们以极大的精神鼓舞，引导人们在逆境中保持乐观，看到希望。
16．B 细节理解题。由文章第三段“This pony, doctors noticed, shifted her weight…”及倒数第三段的“Doctors gave Molly a special horseshoe at the bottom of the leg.”可以看出：医生在Molly腿的底部安装了一个特殊的马蹄铁，所以推出Molly是一匹马。
17．C 细节理解题。由第三段的“At first, doctors thought Molly would have to be put to sleep”可以看出：起初，医生认为Molly会毫无疑问地被以人道的方法结束生命。由此可以看出：C项“In the beginning, doctors had planned to end Molly's life.”正确。注意选项所说的“end Molly's life”对应原文的“Molly would have to be put to sleep”。
18．A 细节理解题。由文章第一段的最后一句话知Molly装有一个镶有笑脸形状马蹄铁的假肢，这是因伤致残的Molly和它的同类相比特有的东西。故选A。
19．D 标题归纳题。 纵观全文可以看出，文章开篇点题，也就是说，第一句话“Wherever she goes, Molly leaves her mark”就是文章的主题句。下文对此进行了进一步的阐述： Molly's mark is a smile, stamped into the ground by the horseshoe at the bottom of her false leg. 然后详细解释了这个假肢的由来，故D项最能概括全文。其他各项都是文章的细节，不能概括全文。
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