【苏州市】 2013高考英语阅读理解（1）及答案或解析（10月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、文章主旨(**)
◆ 活学活用
根据前面所学阅读技巧，完成下列读写任务
In September,2007，a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg，the capital of Canada's Manitoba Province，will send a satellite into space.
The satellite，named after its home city，will be put into low orbit.Once in space，it can perform for a few months or up to several years，communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.
There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide，but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada.30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite，in cooperation with space experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba，and with support from two other organizations.
The Winnipeg Project is not something that goes on a piece of paper；it is real-world engineering，allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program.It is also regarded as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba.Designing，building and launching a satellite with high-school students will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.
“These high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm and a strong love for discovery，” said Peter，Education，Citizenship and Youth Minister.“We want to make science more interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or in space，” Peter added.
The Winnipeg Project mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students.It also shows Manitoba's devotion to research.
Ⅰ.请用大约30词概括全文内容
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择正确答案
1．According to the passage，this satellite is ________.
A．named after Manitoba and its shape
B．intended for international communication
C．designed，built and launched mainly by students
D．challenged by university students around the world
2．According to the minister，________.
A．the study of space can be practically made in classrooms
B．Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space
C．scientific research is too far away from high school students
D．those Manitoba high school students are worth praising
3．The primary purpose of the project is to ________.
A．inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students
B．find the early signs of earthquakes
C．relate studies to practice
D．help high school students study real-world engineering
4．Which of the following is True according to the passage?
A．The students are from different high schools.
B．Their program is the first satellite project worldwide.
C．The author disagreed to let the high school work on the project.
D．The students have got much help in their project.
5．The best title for this passage may be ________.
A．Manitoba School B．Winnipeg Program
C．Space Co-operation D．Satellite Launching
参考答案
Ⅰ
The passage is about the Winnipeg Project in Canada，whose purpose is to encourage students to participate in challenging programs，making science more interesting and attractive to high school students.(30 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：从第四段最后一句可知答案。
答案：C
2．解析：从最后一段第一句可知答案。
答案：D
3．解析：从最后一段最后一句可知答案。
答案：A
4．解析：从第3段最后两句可知答案。
答案：D
5．解析：文章介绍了Winnipeg Program的地点，目的和活动内容，所有内容都是围绕Winnipeg Program这个主题的，所以B为正确选项。
答案：B
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阅读理解、专题训练(**)、议论文的阅读(**)
◆ 方法点拨
议论文通常用来讨论一个观点或现象，其内容主要由三部分组成：论点，论据与结论。论点就是作者要论述的观点，是文章的主旨；而论据是用来证明论点的材料，也就是支撑论点的理由和事实。它可以是事例，理论，数据等等，结论则是论证后所得出的总结性观点。
写作方法通常是：提出论点，分析或举例论证，得出结论。
阅读议论文的方法：
读者应该先搞清楚其结构。首先通过寻找短文的主题句来确定文章的主题，也就是论点。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。在浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主论点后，还需进一步找出每段落的分论点，以免分论点与主论点混淆。
◆ 活学活用
阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务
It's natural that children are curious about the world around them.For example，they want to know how their hearts beat.They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty.
As children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical world around them：the plants，the animals，and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.And when they are adults，their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science.
Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry.
These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example，they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixty-five or seventy-five times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen，too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Then the heart beats fast and sends blood quickly to the muscles.It may beat 90 to 140 times a minute.
Of course，scientists cannot answer all of our questions.If we ask，“Why does the ocean water taste salty”，scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks.When a rock gets very hot or very cold，it cracks.Rain falls into the cracks.The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers.The rivers carry the salt into the oceans.But when then we ask “What happens to the salt in the ocean？The ocean does not get saltier every year.” Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question.
We know a lot about our world，but there are still many answers that we don't have and we are curious.
Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项
1．According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？________.
A．People are curious in the same way.
B．People in different countries are interested in different things.
C．Men and women are curious about different things.
D．People of different ages are interested in different things.
2．Scientists who work with the biological sciences study________.
A．the earth，the oceans and the sky
B．man-made things
C．plants and animals
D．ocean water
3．When you run，your muscles need ________.
A．more nutrition and oxygen
B．more signals
C．more salt
D．water
4．People are always curious because________.
A．they cannot explain many things
B．they know nothing about the world
C．they know little about the world
D．they want to be scientists
5．The passage mainly shows us that ________.
A．Scientists find out many things because they are curious about everything around them
B．what the people are curious about
C．everyone has curiosity which makes the science develop quickly
D．Sometimes scientists cannot answer all of our questions
参考答案
Ⅰ
This passage tells us that everyone，either children or adults are curious about the world around them，which sometimes leads to a career in science and thus makes science develop by showing some examples.
Ⅱ
1．解析：根据第二段可知。
答案：D
2．解析：根据第三段“Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.”
答案：C
3．解析：根据第四段“The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.”
答案：A
4．解析：推理题，正因为不能解释，才会产生好奇。
答案：A
5．解析：中心概括题。本文通过事例论述人们对事物的好奇推进科学的发展。
答案：C
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故事类---[2012·陕西卷]
B
Three Boys and a Dad
Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months.“This will be like a walk in the park，” he'd told his wife. “I'll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom.”
Things started well, but just after eight o'clock, his three little “good kids”—Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast，daddy.” When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex's head as if it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat(节拍)．Mike chanted “Where's my toast, where's my toast” in the background. Brad realised his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.
Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy's underwear on his head. Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, although they were before their very eyes. Someone named “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started.
By ten o'clock, things were out of control. Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room, but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.
At exactly 11：17, Brad called the daycare centre(日托所)．“I suddenly have to go into work and my wife's away. Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes？” The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.
49．When his wife left home, Brad expected to________.
A．go out for a walk in the park
B．watch TV talk show with his children
C．enjoy his first day off work
D．read the newspaper to his children
50．Which of the following did Randy do?
A．Drawing on the wall. B．Eating apple jam.
C．Feeding the fish. D．Reading in a room.
51．Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for help?
A．Because he wanted to clean up his house.
B．Because he suddenly had to go to his office.
C．Because he found it hard to manage his boys.
D．Because he had to take his wife back home.
52．This text is developed ________.
A．by space B．by comparison
C．by process D．by time
【要点综述】Sue回娘家了，留下丈夫在家里照看三个淘气的小家伙，此时，家里的一切都乱套了……
49．C 推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句可知本题选C。
50．B 事实细节题。根据第四段的倒数第二句可知本题选B。
51．C 推理判断题。通读全文可知Brad打电话给日托所的原因是他照顾不了三个淘气的小家伙，故选C。
52．D 篇章结构题。通读本文可知本文是按时间顺序进行叙述的，故选D。
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故事类---[2012·课标全国卷]
C
About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio (影棚) to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our “act” would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”. Two more fans were turned on, and a “strong wind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “stars”！
64. Who is the author?
A. A cameraman.
B. A film director.
C. A crowd-scene actor.
D. A workman for scene setting.
65. What made the author feel cold?
A. The heavy snowfall.
B. The man-made scene.
C. The low temperature.
D. The film being shown.
66. What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. A new scene would be filmed.
B. More stars would act in the film.
C. The author would leave the studio.
D. The next scene would be prepared.
【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己作为群众演员的一次经历。
64. C 细节理解题。根据文章中的第一段“About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our ‘act’ would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.”可知作者是群众演员。所以C正确。
65. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in ‘snow’. Two more fans were turned on, and a ‘strong wind’ blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.”可知这里的picture即是the man-made scene。
66. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film ‘stars’！”可知A正确。
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【苏州市】 2013高考英语阅读理解（2）及答案或解析（10月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、细节理解(**)
事实细节题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力， 其常见的考查形式有：
1．正误判断题：三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正(三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)，常用的提问方式有：
(1)Which of the following is true according to...?
(2)Which of the following is false...?
(3)Which of the following is mentioned except...?
(4)Which of the following is not mentioned?
2．确定年代与数量、事实细节比较、某事的原因和结果。
◆ 方法点拨
1．跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择地阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。
2．略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。
3．精读：找到与问题相关的内容，仔细阅读，发现细微差别，准确作答。
◆ 活学活用
阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务
As the pace of life continues to increase，we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.In fact，it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress，and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities，others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress，in whatever form，we react both chemically and physically.In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme，but however little the stress，it involves the same response.It is when such a reaction lasts long，through continued exposure to stress，that health becomes endangered.Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do_so even if we could)，we need to find ways to deal with it.
Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳答案
1．People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because ________.
A．they regard working as their greatest enjoyment
B．they believe that work is superior to relaxation
C．they are traveling fast all the time
D．they are becoming busier with their work than ever before
2．According to the author，the most important character for a good manager is his ________.
A．strong will to hold out stress
B．knowing the art of relaxation
C．high sense of responsibility
D．having control over performance
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE，according to the passage?
A．We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.
B．Stress is always harmful to people's health.
C．It's easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D．Different people can bear different amount of stress.
4．In the last sentence of the passage，“do so” refers to________________________________________________________________________.
A．“expose ourselves to stress”
B．“find ways to deal with stress”
C．“remove stress from our lives”
D．“establish links between diseases and stress”
5．According to the author，the right attitude toward stress is ________.
A．to avoid it
B．to try to cope with it
C．to regard it as a vital motivation
D．to find some relaxation
参考答案
Ⅰ
The passage tells us that we can't avoid stress and a certain amount of stress gives purpose to life.So exposed to some stress，we should find ways to deal with it rather than to run away.(36 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：推断题。由第一段可推知，无法放松自己主要是比以前任何时候都要忙碌。
答案：D
2．解析：推断题。由第三段第二句可推知，当好管理者的优良品质是要具有坚强的抵制压力的意志。句中prime material意为“一流的素质”。
答案：A
3．解析：细节题。由第三段第一句可The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.可知。
答案：D
4．解析：猜义题。由Since we can't remove stress from our lives...可知括号里的内容是对前文的解释。
答案：C
5．解析：态度题。最后一句表明了作者的态度。
答案：B
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故事类---[2012·江西卷]
A
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer.” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won’t find out，” Mark said, “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
It was a strange-looking machine—one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked.“It's an experimental model，” his father had explained, “so don't touch it under any circumstances.” But his father's warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the centre of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
“Yes！” Mark cried excitedly, “It's a computer game. I knew it! Dad's only been pretending to work. He's really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on the screen：
“ENTER NAMES
VOYAGER 1：...
VOYAGER 2：... ”
Mark's fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动)．”
The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we'd better shut it off, Mark，” Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.
But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒), until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed.
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION(目的地)：MARS. RETRIEVE DATE：2025.”
56. Why did Mark touch the computer against his father's warning?
A. He wanted to take a voyage.
B. He wanted to practice his skill.
C. He was so much attracted by it .
D. He was eager to do an experiment.
57. Where did the boys' father most likely work?
A. In an electronic factory.
B. In a computer company.
C. In a scientific research center.
D. In an information processing center.
58. Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of ________.
A. a computer game
B. a company website
C．a software producer
D. an astronomy program
59. Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?
A. He was afraid of being scolded.
B. He didn't like the loud noise and light.
C. He didn't want to play games any more.
D. He was afraid something dangerous might happen.
60. What happened to the boys at the end of the story?
A. They were blown into the air.
B. They were sent to another planet.
C. They were hidden in the strong light.
D. They were carried away to another country.
【要点综述】 本文为记叙文。主要介绍了一个好奇的孩子不顾当科学家的父亲的警告，动了他的电脑，并穿越到了2025年的火星的故事。
56. C 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.”可知，他被这台电脑吸引住了，才不顾父亲的警告，动了这台电脑。
57. C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“… to become a scientist like his father.”以及后文的内容可知，这位父亲极有可能是一位研究中心的科学家。
58. A 细节理解题。由第六段中的“It’s a computer game …”可知，一开始马克以为这是一个游戏的名字。
59. D 细节理解题。由倒数第三、四段“The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume … He was really frightened.”可知，他害怕一些危险的事情会发生。
60. B 细节理解题。由最后一段“… DESTINATION(目的地)：MARS. ”可知他们被送到了火星上。
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社会生活类---[2012·天津卷]
D
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
51. What does the word “They” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A. People and things around you.
B. Opportunities and problems.
C. Creators and their choices.
D. Victims and their sufferings.
52. According to Paragraph 2, creators ________.
A. seem willing to experience failures in life
B. possess the ability to predict future life
C. handle ups and downs of life wisely
D. have potential to create something new
53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C. Victims can influence more people than creators.
D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________.
A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims
B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life
C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains
D. one's experiences determine his attitude toward life
55. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To define victims and creators.
B. To evaluate victims against creators.
C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
【要点综述】 “a victim”和 “a creator”拥有不同的生活方式。“a victim”生活在一个寒冷、痛苦的世界中；而“a creator”生活在一个积极向上、能够掌握自己生活命运的世界中。作者建议应从“a victim”转变成 “a creator”。
51. A 词义猜测题。根据第一段后半部分可知答案。
52. C 推理判断题。由第二段可知答案。
53. B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 “Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.”可知答案。
54. A 推理判断题。根据此段中的 “…may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime”可知答案。
55. D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知答案。
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【苏州市】 2013高考英语阅读理解（3）及答案或解析（10月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、说明文的阅读 (1)
◆ 方法点拨
说明文，即说明事物的文章。从内容上看，主要涉及科技、社会和文化生活等领域。它以介绍科学实验研究成果、人文地理知识等社会生活中值得关注的变化为主。
说明文有一定的说明顺序和说明方法，如空间顺序、时间顺序等，其大体的成篇布局是：(1)总体叙述要说明的对象(文章主旨)＋ 细节说明(细节理解)＋概括评述(推理判断)；(2)事物现象或变化(文章主旨)＋细节或原因阐述(细节理解)＋引发的后果和相关启示(推论)。
◆ 活学活用
阅读下面短文，从所给的四个答案中选出最佳选项
(2011年广州高三英语调研测试)School phobia is a type of illness which causes students to be afraid to go to school.This condition is most commonly seen in children，typically between the ages of 8－13，and it can be very upsetting，especially if it is allowed to progress.Symptoms include stomach aches，tiredness，shaking，a racing heart and frequent trips to the toilet.
This common phobia is associated with a wide variety of causes.Most commonly it is the result of separation anxiety，but it can also be caused by different kinds of stress.A child who has recently moved，suffered a loss，or gone through a divorce may develop school phobia，and phobias can also develop in response to bullying (欺侮)，an unrecognised learning disability，and poor self-image.Understanding the cause of a school phobia is an important step in providing treatment.
A child with school phobia usually refuses to go to school，or protests violently.He or she may become physically ill when ordered to school，or pretend to be sick to avoid going.When the child arrives at school，he or she may run away，or develop behavioural problems in class and on the playground.When school is discussed，the child can become impatient，upset or angry.
Many techniques can be used to manage school phobia，but research suggests that much more effective treatment is required for school phobia to prevent problems developing in later life.Children with this condition usually benefit from seeing a psychologist or doctor who can help the child and provide assistance to help parents and school officials support the child.As soon as a school phobia is identified，parents should take action too.Like other phobias，school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated，and it can interfere with a child's success in school.Adjustments can be made at home and in the classroom to help.If bullying is a cause，for example，the bullying situation should be solved.A teacher can meet the child at the door and take him or her to class，and provide support so that the child feels a friendly adult is always available.
Changes at home can include supportive language from parents，along with support like assistance with homework.If a child lacks confidence，parents may encourage the child to take up new hobbies that will help them to feel good about themselves.Parents might also talk to their children about their own fears of school and how they got over them，and their own enjoyment of school and school-like activities.
By following these methods we can help children to dispel their school phobia.
Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项
1．Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage?
A．The definition of school phobia.
B．The history of school phobia.
C．The causes of school phobia.
D．The effects of school phobia.
2．What is a useful treatment for school phobia according to the passage?
A．Parents should allow their children occasional days off.
B．Teachers should be stricter with students.
C．Children should be helped to develop a sense of achievement.
D．Children should be regularly sent to psychologist.
3．The underlined word “dispel” (the last paragraph)probably means “________”．
A．accept B．realize
C．forget D．overcome
4．Which of the following statement might the author agree with?
A．School phobia is most often suffered by middle school students.
B．School phobia may have bad influence on children's future life if neglected.
C．Children with school phobia should not be given medical treatment.
D．Most children with school phobia are pretending to be ill.
5．What are some of the reasons for school phobia mentioned in the passage?
A．Bullying，recent devoice and moving to a new area.
B．Learning disability，impatience and poor concentration.
C．Stomachache，poor school performance and aggressive teachers.
D．Shaking，lack of confidence and few friends.
参考答案
Ⅰ
The passage introduces the causes and bad influences of school phobia，which luckily can also be managed and treated by taking some technical measures with the help of parents.(29 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：事实细节题。全文没有提到恐学症的过去有什么症状。
答案：B
2．C
3．解析：词义猜测题。综观全文可知，作者提出了帮助孩子 “克服恐学症”的几个建议。
答案：D
4．解析：从Like other phobias，school phobia gets worse the longer it is left untreated，and it can interfere with a child's success in school可推知答案。
答案：B
5．A
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社会生活类---[2012·安徽卷]
DWhich of the following is true according to the text?
A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon.
B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.
C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite-fighting competitions.
D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.
69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?
A. It has two strings.
B. It is simple in design.
C. It has a rainbow pattern.
D. It is shaped like a diamond.
70. According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?
A. A large kite.
B. Any type of kite.
C. A complex structure.
D. A kite that impresses others.
71. What is mainly described in the text?
A. A kite factory.
B. Kite-flying lessons.
C. Special competitions.
D．The kite-making process.
【要点综述】本文讲述风筝制作工厂(the Big Wind Kite Factory)，介绍它的历史，它提供风筝制作和放风筝的课程。
68. D 细节推断题。根据第二段中Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne.可推断是由Daphne设计的。
69. A 细节推断题。根据第三段中The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite.可推断它们的区别是It has two strings。
70. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段，Jonathan坚持认为没有必要制作一个巨大的给人留下很深印象的风筝，言外之意是任何类型的风筝都可以。
71. A 主旨大意题。文章从第一段风筝竞赛引出the Big Wind Kite Factory，然后介绍它的历史，它提供风筝制作和放风筝课程。
C7[2012·重庆卷]
E
In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”， John Keynes，a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(无止境的), this is not true of absolute needs.
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.
By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.
72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that________.
A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority
C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?
A. They want to show their superiority.
B. They find specialty important to meals.
C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.
D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.
74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Understanding.
B. Increase.
C. Difference.
D. Study.
75. The author of the passage argues that ________.
A. absolute needs have no limits
B. demands for quality are not insatiable
C．human desires influence ideas of quality
D. relative needs decide most of our spending
【要点综述】本文就人的需要的分类进行了论述。作者首先叙述了对John Keynes观点的部分认同，但其后则是对其观点的批驳。该文作者认为，人的需要在很大程度上是对质量的无尽追求。
72. C 细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句说明John Keynes需要论的观点：相对需要是无止境的。
73. D 推理判断题。从该段第一句可知作者在该段一再强调的是质量需求的重要性。这对夫妇在外面就餐庆祝结婚周年即体现了对该顿晚餐的选择与对其质量的要求相关。
74. B 词义猜测题。从该段材料对保时捷的改进及人们对此改进趋之若鹜的追求来看，人们对质量需求是不断提高的。因此可断定该词含义为“提高”。
75. A 推理判断题。第一段对John Keynes关于absolute needs的观点进行了肯定和质疑，而下文提出质量需求是无止境的。该题主要说明作者对John Keynes关于relative needs是无止境的论断的质疑。干扰最大的是B选项，该观点是作者的观点，而不是被质疑的观点。该题题干中的argue在此是“质疑和争辩”的意思。
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故事类---[2012·湖南卷]
A
What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt？Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most?
This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father.My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming，and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky，inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.
I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe；my dad recited it as much as he did the other.I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood, I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.
Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.
56. The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was ________.
A．doing shopping
B．having a debate
C．reading a message
D．leaving for Wyoming
57. The author's inspiration for the gift came from ________.
A．a photo of a flower
B．a story about a kid
C．a call from the mother
D．a text about Christmas
58. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by ________.
A. the father B．the author
C．William Blake D．Edgar Allan Poe
59. The author made the gift by ________.
A．searching for the poems online
B．drawing the background by hand
C．painting the letters in three colors
D．matching the words with pictures
60. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To show how to design images for gifts.
B．To suggest making gifts from one's heart.
C．To explain how computers help create gifts.
D.To describe the gifts the author has received.
【要点综述】作者一直不知道给父亲买什么礼物，但是偶尔看到父亲的信息使其想到了爸爸“读诗歌”的爱好，因而用心制作了“诗配花”的图片礼物。最后作者看到父亲对待礼物的态度，知道自己做对了。
56. C 细节理解题。考查对文章细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章的第二段可知：作者拿出手机时看到了妈妈发来的信息，偶然看到了爸爸发来的信息。信息是一朵花，花儿使作者想到了爸爸的话，因而使作者想到了给爸爸的礼物。故选C。
57. A 细节理解题。考查对文章的细节的理解和判断能力。见上一题的解析。
58. D 词义猜测题。考查上下文中代词的指代。根据第三段中的I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it.可知，作者在见到这首诗的同时“也”把它打出来了。这就是Edgar Allan Poe写的诗。故选D。
59. D 细节理解题。考查对文章细节的理解和判断能力。根据第三段的第二句可知：作者先在电脑上找到这种花，然后在花上打上字。可见其礼物是“配有文字的图片”。
60. B 推理判断题。考查对文章的言外之意进行复合逻辑的推理判断的能力。作者“诗配花”的礼物，灵感来自于爸爸的信息和小时候对爸爸的印象，这种礼物虽不昂贵，但确实是用心做出来的，爸爸收到礼物时的态度使得作者相信自己送对了礼物。A、C两项都是第三段的细节；D项与原文意思不符。故选B。
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【苏州市】 2013高考英语阅读理解（4）及答案或解析（10月）
阅读理解、专题训练(**)、议论文的阅读(2)
阅读下列材料，按要求完成读写任务
Like many of my generation，I have a weakness for hero worship.At some point，however，we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them.This leads us to ask：What is a hero?
Despite immense differences in cultures，heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about.A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen.But a hero goes beyond mere fame.
Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves.Like high-voltage(电压)transformers，heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.
The hero lives a life worthy of imitation.Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth，enthusiasm，and meaning.A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame，they may be famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous，but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?
Heroes are catalysts (催化剂)for change.They have a vision from the mountain top.They have the skill and the charm to move the masses.They create new possibilities.Without Gandhi，India might still be part of the British Empire.Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King，Jr.，we might still have segregated(隔离的)buses，restaurants，and parks.It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities，but the pace of change would be slow，the vision uncertain，and the committee meetings endless.
Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选择最佳选项
1．Although heroes may come from different cultures，they ________.
A．generally possess certain inspiring characteristics
B．probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people
C．are often influenced by previous generations
D．all unknowingly attract a large number of fans
2．According to the passage，heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ________.
A．they have a vision from the mountaintop
B．they have warm feelings and emotions
C．they can serve as concrete(具体的)examples of noble principles
D．they can make people feel stronger and more confident
3．Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.
A．they are popular only among certain groups of people
B．their performances do not improve their fans morally
C．their primary concern is their own financial interests
D．they are not clear about the principles they should follow
4．Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ________.
A．are good at demonstrating their charming characters
B．can move the masses with the skill and the charm
C．are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships
D．can provide an answer to the problems of their people
5．The author concludes that historical changes would________________________________________________________________________.
A．be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualities
B．not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrifices
C．take place if there were heroes to lead the people
D．produce leaders with attractive personalities
参考答案
Ⅰ
The author thinks heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves，live a life worthy of imitation and are catalysts for change.They should fight for the good of the masses.(31 words)
Ⅱ
1．解析：细节判断题。从文中的“heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people”可以得出结论。
答案：A
2．解析：英雄就像变压器，能“step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people”。
答案：C
3．解析：因为虽然他们是“famous”，但是“who would claim that their fans find life more abundant？”。既然他们的歌迷的生活没有变得更有意义，也就是“do not improve their fans morally”。
答案：B
4．解析：通过文章的结构来判断。“They have the skill and the charm to move the masses”是主题句，Gandhi and Martin Luther King等的事情是实例。
答案：B
5．解析：细节判断题。文中有“without leaders...the pace of change would be slow”。
答案：A
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故事类---[2012·广东卷]
C
I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn't bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads. Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.
One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something. “I’m awfully sorry，” I said and stepped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn't stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.
Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.
But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.
36. The girl refused to ask for help because she thought ________.
A．she might be recognized
B．asking for help looked silly
C．she was normal and independent
D．being found blind was embarrassing
37. After the girl got off the bus that evening, she ________.
A．began to run
B．hit a person as usual
C．hit a lamppost by accident
D.was caught by something
38. At the request stop that evening, the girl ________.
A．stopped a big lorry
B．stopped the wrong bus
C．made no attempt to stop the bus
D．was not noticed by other people
39. What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?
A．Other vehicles also stopped there.
B．It was unreliable for making judgments.
C．More lorries than buses responded to the girl.
D．It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.
40. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping ________.
A．to find people there
B．to find more buses there
C．to find the bus by herself there
D．to find people more helpful there
【要点综述】这是一篇记叙文。表达盲人的生活观。文章记叙了作者身为盲人，而不愿意让别人知道，还不愿意向别人求助的事情。通过作者等公共汽车的事情使她体会到了有的时候还是需要别人的帮助的。
36. D 细节理解题。由本文第一句(I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.)可知。
37. C 细节理解题。由第二段前三句，特别是第三句(When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost.)可知。
38. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者害怕拦不到车使自己难堪，所以放弃拦车。故选C。
39. B 推理判断题。根据第三段I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away.和第四段的But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by.看出根据声音来判断车辆是不可靠的。故选B。
40. A 推理判断题。从I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself可知，她本人不想拦车了，又由managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help可知，她是决定找人帮忙了，而在本站没有人，去下一站当然就是希望在那里可以找到人帮忙。
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故事类---[2012·福建卷]
B
At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life, and he obviously knew it.
“You may wonder, Sir Percival，” said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released(免除)from my promise to marry you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much.”
His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.
“No, if we are going to withdraw(退出)from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine.”
“Mine？”he said in great surprise.“What reason could I have for withdrawing？”
“A reason that is very hard to tell you.”she answered.“There is a change in me.”
His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his head to one side.
“What change？”he asked, trying to appear calm.
“When the promise was made two years ago，”she said, “my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person？”
“I wish you to understand，” Laura continued，“that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow me to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive me and keep my secret.”
“I will do both those things，”he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more.
“I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage，”she added quietly.
“No. You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of my life to marry you，”he said.
60. How did Percival feel during his meeting with Laura?
A．Angry. B．Calm.
C．Nervous. D．Excited.
61．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．Laura had once promised to marry Percival
B．Laura's father wished to end her marriage
C．Percival had been married to Laura for two years
D．Percival asked to be released from the marriage
62．The passage is probably taken out of ________.
A．a novel B．a report
C．a diary D．an essay
【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。描写了Sir Percival怀着忐忑不安的心情与未婚妻见面的情景及两人之间的对话。
60. C 细节理解题。从第一段“with anxiety and worry in every line of his face”、第三段“his feet kept beating the carpet”和第八段“trying to appear calm”可推出Percival很紧张。
61. A 推理判断题。从第二段和第九段可知答案。
62. A 推理判断题。本文是对Sir Percival与未婚妻见面的情景及两人之间的对话的描写，应该是一篇小说的节选。
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社会生活类---（二）[2012·邵阳市第一次联考]
“Children should not be left unsupervised(无人监督的) to play with a dog.”say experts in this week's British Medical Journal.Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites.
“Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children.” write Marina Morgan and John Palmer.Every year 250,000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls.
Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines.
Based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite.They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care.For travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病)．
In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them.They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies.
“Dog owners also need to change their behavior”， says Rachel Besser, a children's doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article.
“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”， she says.Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership.Educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs.
Finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs.
16．Dog biting studied by the experts is a problem ________.
A．that doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention to
B．happening only to a few children of the world
C．only boys may meet with
D．about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines
17．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．doctors B．parents
C．experts D．dog owners
18．To avoid dog bites, a child should ________.
A．treat dogs with respect and direct eye contact
B．approach an unfamiliar dog
C．run or scream in the presence of a dog
D．leave a dog feeding itself
19．What are Rachel Besser's words mainly about?
A．All the dog owners would like children to be left unsupervised with a dog.
B．All the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs.
C．Not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision.
D．Not all dog owners should attend classes about the responsibilities of dog ownership.
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Dogs, Dangerous To Children
B．Children Should Know Behaviors Around Dogs
C．Doctors, Treat Dog Bites Correctly
D．Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs
【要点综述】 狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的现象尤其需要引起关注，为此，需要采取一定的措施。
16. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites.”可知，专家所研究的狗咬人的问题也应该是相关医生应给予重视的问题，故答案选A项。
17. C 代词指代题。第四段共有三句，其主语均为“they”，应指同样的人，根据“Based on the latest medical evidence”再结合第一段专家的讲话可推断，“他们”指研究狗咬人这一问题的专家们，故选C项。
18. D 细节理解题。根据第五段“They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies.”可知，为了避免狗咬，小孩应该让狗自己吃，而不要去打扰它，故选D项。
19. C 细节理解题。根据第七段“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”可知，雷切尔医生认为，并非所有的狗的主人都认为孩子们和狗在一起的时候要有大人的照看。由此判断选C项。
20. D 主旨大意题。狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的现象比较严重，那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢？这才是本文的写作重点，而只有D项更能说明此问题，故正确答案选D项。
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