中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
8年级(下) Units 1—2导学案
一、重点单词
1.问题；事情 n. ___________ 2.胃；腹部 n. ____________
3.咽喉；喉咙 n．____________ 4.发烧 n. ____________
5.咳嗽 n. & v. ____________ 6.乘客；旅客 n. ____________
7.问题；苦恼 n．____________ 8.她自己 pron. ____________
9.生病的 adj. ____________ 10.膝；膝盖 n.____________
11.情况；状况 n. ____________ 12.血 n. ____________
13.限制；管理 v. & n. __________ 14.勇气；意志 n. ____________
15.护士 n. ____________ 16.欢呼；喝彩 v. ____________
17.自愿做 v. 志愿者 n. _________ 18.标志；信号 n. ____________
19.注意 n. 意识到v. ____________ 20.几个；一些 pron.___________
21.强壮的 adj. ____________ 22.(尤指长途)旅行 n. __________
23.募集；征集 v. ____________ 24.修理；修补 v．____________
25.修理；安装 v. ____________ 26.车轮；轮子 n. ____________
27.失明的 adj. ____________ 28.聋的 adj. ____________
29.拿；提；扛 v．____________ 30.聪明的adj.____________
31.变化；改变 v. & n. __________ 32.先生 n. ____________
33.夫人；女士 n.____________ 34.物主n.____________
35.信；函n.____________ 36.破损的adj.____________
37.想象；设想v.____________ 38.训练；培训v.____________
39.满足；满意n.____________ 40.岩石n.____________
二、词汇拓展
1.foot (n.)→_____________ (复数)
2.lie (v.)→ _____________ (过去式) →_____________(过去分词)
→_____________ (现在分词)躺；平躺
3.hurt (v.)→ _____________(过去式/过去分词)(使)疼痛；受伤
4.hit (v.)→ _____________(过去式/过去分词)→_____________(现在分词)(用手或器具)击；打
5.press (v.)→_____________ (n.)压力
6.climb (v.)→ _____________ (n.)登山者；攀登者
7.accident (n.)→ _____________ (adj.)意外的；偶然的
8.knife (n.)→_____________ (复数)
9.importance (n.)→ _____________ (adj.)重要的 → _____________ (adj.)不重要的
10.death (n.)→_____________(v.)消失；灭亡；死亡→ _____________(adj.)死的；失去生命的
→_____________(adj.)垂死的
11.lonely (adj.)→ _____________(adv.)独自；单独
12.own (v.)→_____________ (n.)物主；主人
13.joy (n.)→ _____________(近义词)高兴；愉快
14.feel (v.)→_____________(n.)感觉；感触→ _____________ (过去式/过去分词)
15.broken (adj.)→_____________ (v.)(使)破；裂；碎；破坏
15.satisfaction (n.)→ _____________ (v.)满意 → _____________ (adj.)满意的
16.imagine (v.)→ _____________ (n.)想象力
17.kind (adj.)→_____________ (n.)仁慈；善良 → _____________ (adv.)友好地
18.train (v.)→ _____________ (n.)训练；培训
19.understand (v.)→ _____________(过去式/过去分词)理解；领会 → _____________ (adj.)善解人意的
21.excited (adj.)→ _____________adj.)使人兴奋的；令人激动的 →_____________ (v.)使激动；使兴奋
→ _____________(n.)兴奋；激动
22.difficulty (n.) → _____________ (adj.)困难的
三、重点短语
1.感冒_______________________________
2.胃痛 _______________________________
3.躺下 _______________________________
4.量体温_______________________________
5.发烧 _______________________________
6.休息_______________________________
7.下车_______________________________
8.使……惊讶的；出乎……意料 _______________________________
9.立即；马上 _______________________________
10.陷入；参与_______________________________
11.习惯于……；适应于……_______________________________
12.冒险 _______________________________
13.用尽；耗尽_______________________________
14.切除 _______________________________
15.离开；从……出来 _______________________________
16.掌管；管理 _______________________________
17.放弃_______________________________
18.打扫(或清除)干净 _______________________________
19.(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来 _______________________________
20.分发；散发 _______________________________
21.想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等) _____________
22.推迟___________________
23.分发 ___________________
24.打电话给(某人)；征召________
25.曾经……；过去…… ___________
26.照顾；非常喜欢 _______________
27.参加……选拔；试用 _____________
28.修理；装饰 ___________________
29.赠送；捐赠 ___________________
30.(外貌或行为)像 _______________
31.建起；设立 ___________________
32.影响；有作用 ___________________
四、重点句型
1. —________ the ________ with you？你怎么了？
—I have a stomachache.我胃痛。
2．________ ________ she do？她应该怎么做？
3．—________ I put some medicine on it？我应该放些药在上面吗？
—Yes, you ________．/No, you ________．是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。
4．I'll ________ ________ clean up the city parks.我将帮忙打扫城市公园。
5．She volunteers there once a week _____ ______ kids learn to read.
她每周在那里志愿服务一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。
五、熟词生义
1. foot n.英尺(n.脚；足)
She stamped her foot again. (n.)
I'm about 40 feet away，and let me see what will happen. (n.)
2.change n.变化；改变；零钱(v.变化；改变)
The spring season brings warm weather，flowers and other changes for people to enjoy. (n.)
Here's your change，sir. (n.)
Tom hasn't changed.He looks exactly the same as he did at school. (v.)
3.sign v.签名；签署；打手语(n.标志；信号；迹象)
This is an unusual sign. (n.)
Sign your name here，please. (v.)
Noodles are a sign of long life for us. (n.)
Gently taking his hand，she signed，“How are you？Are you OK？” (v.)
4.rest n.剩余部分；休息(v.放松；休息)
I just cut off the branch where the falcon(猎鹰) rested.________________ (v.)
I took a good rest and started off the next morning with a smile on my face. (n.)
He'll be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life._____________(n.)
5.matter v.事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响(n.问题；事情；关乎……的事情)
As a matter of fact，change your attitude and you will change your world. _______________(n.)
“It doesn't matter，”said the doctor. __________________(v.)
6.open adj.开着的；敞口的；诚恳(v.开；打开；开业)
He opened the window and looked out. _________________(v.)
Then she turned and ran outside to play，leaving me eyes wide and mouth open. ____________ (adj.)
7.lie n.谎言；谎话(v.躺；平躺；说谎；存在；位于)
Beijing lies in the north of China. ________________(v.)
You made your bed.Now lie in it. ________________(v.)
He is an honest boy and he never tells a lie. _________________(n.)
8.notice v.注意到；意识到(n.通知；通告；注意)
There was a notice on the board saying the class had been canceled._____________(n.)
Have you noticed how music makes the taste of your food better？___________________(v.)
六、考点清单
1. off的用法
1.作副词时,意为“离开( 某处 );起跑;被取消;不工作;休息;不再供应”。
e.g. I have three days off next week.
2.作介词时,意为“从( 某处 )落下;离开;( 时空上 )离,距;去掉;戒除”。
e.g. There is a bathroom off the main bedroom.
3.作形容词时,意为“不新鲜;变质”。
e.g. The fish has gone off.
off短语小结
get off 下车 put off 推迟
show off 炫耀 fall off 从……掉下
hurry off 匆匆离去 keep off 远离;不接近
ring off 挂断电话 pay off 付清
see off 送行 turn off 关闭;使厌烦
take off起飞;脱掉( 衣服 ) give off 发出( 光、热、气味等 )
cut off 打断;切断;中断 go off 离开;闹钟响;爆炸
set off 出发;( 使 )开始;引起;点燃
drive off 赶走;击退;驾车离去;驶去
1). (2021淮安）Please remember to the TV before leaving the room.
A．turn off B．show off C．let off D．get off
2). （2021云南） —Did you have a welcome party for Laura last night
—No, we didn’t. It was ________ because Laura was in hospital.
A ． put off B ． taken off C ． cut off D ． turned off
2. hit的用法
作及物动词 意为“击;打;击中;到达”。常见用法:hit sb.on/in+身体部位+with sth.“用某物打某人身体某部位”;hit+身体部位+on/against sth.“身体某部位碰或撞在某物上”。常用句型:It hit sb.that“某人突然意识到……”。
作不及物动词 意为“( 风暴、疾病等 )袭击;抨击;( 偶然 )碰上”。
作名词 意为“击;打;打击;轰动一时的人或事物”。
辨析beat, knock和hit
(1)beat 强调连续或反复地打或拍,因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子等之类具有连续性或反复性的动作,一般要用 beat。此外,它还有“殴打;打败”之意。
(2)knock意为“敲;打;撞击”,一般指敲打并伴有响声,常与at/on连用。
(3)hit指“打中;对准……来打”,表示有意或无意地打或撞等,往往含有重重一击或用力敲打之意。
1). Mary hit Jack the head a book.
A.at;with B.on;with C.on;by D.in;by
2). All of a sudden it Peter that he had forgotten his friend’s birthday.
A.knocked B.happened C.beat D.hit
3. lonely和alone的用法
1).lonely只能作形容词,表示人主观上感到“孤独的”,感彩浓厚;也可修饰地点,意为“荒凉的;偏僻的”。
e.g. I feel lonely without my dog.
That’s a lonely island.
2.alone可用作副词,意为“单独地,独自地”,相当于by oneself;也可用作形容词,意为“单独的,独自的”,表示客观情况,此时只可作表语。
e.g. She lives alone in the village.
He was alone in the middle of the hall.
1).（2020荆州） — How are you getting on with your work
— I can’t do it _______ any longer. I’ll have to get help.
A. hard B. quietly C. simply D. alone
2). She lived ______ in a small village, but she didn't feel _______．
A．lonely; lonely B．alone; lonely C．lonely; alone
4.辨析raise和rise
辨析 含义及用法 示例
raise 使升高。强调“某人把某物举起来” raise the glass举杯raise one’s hand举手
增加 raise salaries提高薪资
筹集(资金)；征集(人员) raise money筹钱raise an army招兵
抚养，养育 raise pets养宠物
rise [rose，risen] 上升。强调“某人/某物自己站/升起来” The sun rises.太阳升起。The river rises.水位上涨。
增长 The price rises.价格上涨。
（2021济宁）They ___________(raise) at least $ 60 million over the past years，according to news website Genius.
（2021呼和浩特）He r_________his head and said to me with a smile.
5. give up的用法
give up是动副结构短语,意为“放弃;戒除”,若接人称代词作其宾语,代词应位于词组中间;后接V-ing形式作宾语。
e.g. You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day.
give短语小结
give out 分发;散发 give away 赠送;捐赠
give in屈服;让步 give back ( 归 )还;回报;恢复
（2021西藏）Although COVID﹣19（新冠肺炎） was terrible，Chinese people didn't ______fighting against the disease and got a great success.
A．pick up B．cheer up C．give up D．take up
6. 辨析be/get used to (doing) sth. , used to do sth. 与be used to do sth.
辨析 含义 用法
be/get used to (doing) sth. “习惯于做某事；适应于做某事” 主语是人。to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。(be＝get/become)
used to do sth. “过去常常做某事” to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。
be used todo sth. “被用来做某事” 主语是物。to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。(be used to do sth.＝be used for doing sth.)
1).（2021百色)I used to ________ at half past six, but now I am getting used to ________at seven.
A. getting up, get up B. get up, getting up
C. got up, getting up D. got up, get up
2).（2021西藏）The village _________（过去常常） be poor.By the end of last year，it had thrown off poverty（脱贫）.
7.“What's the matter？”句型
(1)“What's the matter？”可用于询问对方有什么问题或不顺心的事，
也可询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接“with sb./sth.”，表示“某人/某物怎么了”。
(2)matter用作名词时，意为“问题；事情”；用作动词时，意为“要紧；关系重大”，主要用于疑问句或否定句。
e.g. I have a matter to discuss with you.
It doesn't matter.
What's the matter with your brother？
(2020新疆）Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What most ______is how you see yourself.
A. drinks B. matters C. cares D. minds
8. mean（meant，meant）打算；意欲
e.g. My new job means traveling around the world.
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
I mean that we have to leave early.
（2021鄂州）All these things _________ that many villages in western Europe are fighting to survive.
9. difficulty的用法
(1)difficulty是difficult的名词形式，意为“困难；难题”。
(2)have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，difficulty前可以加形容词，如great。
e.g. They had great difficulty (in) finding you.
（2021淄博）Mr. Pickwick stepped on Sam’s back and，with great ____________(difficult)，climbed over the wall
10. imagine的用法
（2021淮安）--Can you imagine in 2035？
--I'm sure it will be better.
A．how our life was
B．what will our life be like
C．how was our life
D．what our life will be like
11. lie的用法
辨析lie和lay
词汇 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie 躺;位于 lay lain lying
lie 说谎,撒谎 lied lied lying
lay 放置;产卵 laid laid laying
口诀记忆
规则的说谎( 规则动词lie—lied—lied ),
不规则的躺( 不规则动词lie—lay—lain ),
躺过就下蛋( 躺的过去式是下蛋的原形 ),
下蛋说付钱( lay, say, pay的过去式和过去分词构成规律相同 )。
1). （2020桂林）Diana is______（躺，平躺）in the sun at this moment.
2.The hens 50 eggs last week,but this week they aren’t .
A.lay;lying B.laid;laying C.lay;laying D.lied;lying
3.The girl on the ground to me that she had____ the wallet on the desk.
A.lying;lay;laid B.lying;lied;laid C.lie;lied;lay D.lay;lied;lain
12. 辨析sick与ill
单词 用法 例句
sick 既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放名词前作定语。sick person ＝ patient 病人。常用短语：be sick of…讨厌；厌恶…… She is looking after her sick father.
ill 只能放be (系动词)后作表语，“病人”可以说“a sick man”，但不能说“an ill man”。常用短语：be ill in hospital 生病住院 Tom is ill in hospital.
（2021资阳）In the story，a group leader was asked to look after three______younger soldiers who were left behind the main walking troops （部队）.
13. 辨析run out, run out of与use up
短语 用法
run out 句子的主语是表“物”的名词或代词，其后不接宾语，不用于被动语态
run out of 句子的主语是表“人”的名词或代词，其后接宾语
use up 句子的主语是表“人”的名词或代词，其后接宾语，可用于被动语态
e.g. Our money ran out. ＝ We ran out of money. ＝ We used up our money.＝Our money was used up.
1. —The oil on the earth will ______ one day.
—I think so. We should make good use of it.
A. find out B. work out C. run out
2. 纸已经用光了。(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
七、语法复习：动词不定式
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其基本构成形式为“to+动词原形”, to为动词不定式的符号, 本身无意义,有时可以省略。动词不定式的具体用法如下:
1.作主语:动词不定式作主语可位于句首,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
e.g. To learn English well is very important.
2.作宾语:常见跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有want, need, decide, ask, learn, hope, begin, agree, plan, refuse, seem, wish, fail, choose, manage, promise, expect, afford等。
e.g. He hopes to see you soon.
3.作宾语补足语:
(1)常见跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, want, tell, wish, like, teach, invite, advise, allow, order, encourage, warn,get等。
e.g. I invited him to come to my birthday party.
(2)常见跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词:“一感”( feel );“二听”(hear, listen to);“三使”(make, let,have);“四看”(see, watch, notice, look at);“一半帮”(help, 后接不接to都可以)。
e.g. This afternoon I watched them play football.
4.作表语:动词不定式作表语,一般放在系动词be,seem的后面,主语通常是wish, idea, task, job等名词。
e.g. My wish is to be a doctor.
5.作定语:动词不定式作定语,应置于所修饰的词语之后。常接动词不定式作定语的名词有way, time, place, promise, wish等。
e.g. There is no time to think.
6.作状语:
(1)动词不定式作状语表原因,其结构是“be+adj.+to do”,常搭配的形容词有sorry, happy, sad, glad, pleased, lucky, surprised, able, angry, ready, clever, wrong, right等。
e.g. She is very happy to see her husband.
(2)动词不定式作状语表结果,常用于too...to...,enough to...结构中。
He is too young to go to school.= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
(3)动词不定式作状语表目的。
e.g. She went home to have dinner.
1). （2021西藏）It's very kind you others when they're in need.
A．for；to help B．of；to help
C．for；helping D．of；helping
2).（2021重庆）The villagers plan _____a new bridge over the river.
A build B. building C. to build D. built
3).（2021重庆）Peter's mother gets up early ______ breakfast for him every morning.
A. to make B. making C. make D. makes
八、写作复习：健康与急救
写作指导
健康与急救是我们生活中经常谈论的话题。此话题涉及的写作出题方向常有以下几种:
1.对于健康的看法及建议、运动与健康的关系等;
2.如何做到饮食健康,如何保护牙齿、眼睛等;
3.探讨熬夜、吸烟等对健康的危害;
4.突发事件如何急救等。
考生在写作时,首先要仔细审题,确定写作主题和角度。其次,这一话题涉及的文章以说明文和议论文为主,所以写作时,考生应逐一阐述要点,并用恰当的连接词连接起来,使文章条理清晰。文章最后可以进行总结,如健康的意义、呼吁大家养成良好的生活习惯等。
健康与安全
写作指导
健康与急救是我们生活中经常谈论的话题。此话题涉及的写作出题方向常有以下几种:
1.对于健康的看法及建议、运动与健康的关系等;
2.如何做到饮食健康,如何保护牙齿、眼睛等;
3.探讨熬夜、吸烟等对健康的危害;
4.突发事件如何急救等。
考生在写作时,首先要仔细审题,确定写作主题和角度。其次,这一话题涉及的文章以说明文和议论文为主,所以写作时,考生应逐一阐述要点,并用恰当的连接词连接起来,使文章条理清晰。文章最后可以进行总结,如健康的意义、呼吁大家养成良好的生活习惯等。
幻灯片41
【常用短语】
不健康的方式或影响
1．be bad for
2．be harmful to
3．be/fall ill
4．stay up
5．under too much pressure
6．watch TV too much
7．be short of exercise
8．spend too much time playing computer games
健康的方式及建议
1．avoid too much pressure
2．be good for
3．develop/form a good habit of …
4．do/take more exercise
5．do sports regularly
6．eat a good breakfast
7．get away from
8．keep fit/healthy
9．pay attention to
10．take medicine
【常用句型】开头句
1．All of us want to be healthy.What should we do to____________________ (保持健康)
2．As is known to us all，health _______________________ (极为重要) to us.
3．_________________(健康就是财富)．Here is some advice on how to keep healthy.
4．It's important/necessary for us to ________________ (过健康的生活)．
5．Nowadays more and more people ______________________ (认识到……的重要性) having a healthy
?中间句
1．Don't _________________________(有压力)．It's not healthy.
2．Don't____________________ (熬夜)．Get enough sleep and brush our teeth twice a day.
3．Everyone must obey the traffic rules，or an accident may ___________________(发生) you.
4．If we are in danger on the way，we should__________________________ (向警察求助) in time.
5．Playing computer games not only takes much time but also ______________(对……有害) health.
6．Smoking is dangerous because it ________(导致) many diseases like cancer and heart disease.
7．Washing hands often can be a good way to _______________ (保护我们免受……) the disease.
8．Watching TV too much is bad_________________ for our eye____________(不但……而且) our study.
9．We __________________________(应该) form a good habit.
10．We'd better eat more fruit and vegetables_____________________(替代) junk food.
11．We should do more exercise to________________________(增强) our bodies.
?结尾句
1．All in all，if we _________________ (采纳意见) given above，we will live a healthy life.
2．In a word，health is ________________ (更珍贵) than anything else.We should do everything we can to keep us healthy.
3．___________________ (依我看)，we all need to learn how to protect ourselves and _________________ (远离) danger.
4．__________(简而言之)，we should develop/form a good habit of eating healthy food.
5．In short/All in all，____________________ (安全必须第一)．
优秀范文
(2020黄石）我市某英文杂志社正面向九年级毕业生征文，请从以下要点中选择两到三点，写一篇题为“How to keep healthy”的短文，参加此次活动。
要点：
1.运动有益身心健康。多锻炼，如跑步、爬山、骑车等；
2.养成健康的饮食习惯, 如多喝水和牛奶，多吃蔬菜和水果，少吃垃圾食品和快餐；
3.学习有计划，早睡早起不熬夜，劳逸结合；
4.乐观、积极、友好，与同学和睦相处。
要求：
1.可结合自身事例、适当发挥；语言通顺，意思连贯
2.80词左右。（无须写标题，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）
参考词汇：keep healthy physically and mentally保持身心健康
regularly有规律地 optimistic乐观的
Keeping healthy plays an important role in our daily life. What should we do to keep healthy
First, exercise is good for keeping healthy physically and mentally. We can participate in regular exercise, such as cycling, mountain climbing, running and so on. Second, it's very important for us to form healthy eating habits. We should drink more water and milk, and eat more vegetables and fruits. And we should avoid eating too much junk food and fast food. Third, we should be optimistic, positive and friendly. We should also get along well with classmates.
If we try to do that, we'll be a healthier person.
针对练习
假如你是李华,你得知你的英国好友Peter由于长时间玩手机游戏,现在出现头痛、眼睛不舒服、睡不好觉等症状。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件,建议他去看医生,并给出关于保持健康的建议。
要点提示:1.停止玩手机游戏;
2.多做户外( outdoor )运动;
3.多结交一些朋友。
要求:1.语句通顺、逻辑严密;
2.词数80~100( 格式及结尾已给出,不计入总词数 )。
Dear Peter,
I’m sorry to hear that you’re not feeling well these days._______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope you’ll get better soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
一、重点单词
二、词汇拓展
三、重点短语
四、重点句型
五、熟词生义
六、考点清单
1.AA 2.BD 3.DB
4.
5.C 6.B; used to 7.B 8.mean 9. difficulties 10.D 11. lying;BB 12.sick
13.C;The paper has run out already
七、语法复习 BCA
八、写作复习
I think you should go to the doctor first. At the same time you need to learn to keep healthy.
Looking at screens for a long time will lead to many problems. To keep fit, you need to stop playing phone games because it will make your condition worse. Besides this,you should do some outdoor activities, which are good for your health. What’s more, you should make more friends. Friends can help you stay away from phone games.
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八下 Units 1—2
人教版一轮复习
1. foot n.英尺(n.脚；足)
She stamped her foot again. (n.)
I'm about 40 feet away，and let me see what will happen. (n.)
脚
英尺
熟词生义
2.change n.变化；改变；零钱(v.变化；改变)
The spring season brings warm weather，flowers and other changes for people to enjoy. (n.)
Here's your change，sir. (n.)
Tom hasn't changed.He looks exactly the same as he did at school. (v.)
变化
零钱
改变
3.sign v.签名；签署；打手语(n.标志；信号；迹象)
This is an unusual sign. (n.)
Sign your name here，please. (v.)
Noodles are a sign of long life for us. (n.)
Gently taking his hand，she signed，“How are you？Are you OK？” (v.)
迹象
签名
标志
打手语
4.rest n.剩余部分；休息(v.放松；休息)
I just cut off the branch where the falcon(猎鹰) rested.
(v.)
I took a good rest and started off the next morning with a smile on my face. (n.)
He'll be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life.
(n.)
休息
休息
剩余部分
5.matter
v.事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响(n.问题；事情；关乎……的事情)
As a matter of fact，change your attitude and you will change your world. (n.)
“It doesn't matter，”said the doctor. (v.)
关乎.....的事情
要紧
6.open
adj.开着的；敞口的；诚恳(v.开；打开；开业)
He opened the window and looked out. (v.)
Then she turned and ran outside to play，leaving me eyes wide and mouth open. (adj.)
打开
开着的
7.lie n.谎言；谎话(v.躺；平躺；说谎；存在；位于)
Beijing lies in the north of China. (v.)
You made your bed.Now lie in it. (v.)
He is an honest boy and he never tells a lie. (n.)
位于
躺
谎话
8.notice
v.注意到；意识到(n.通知；通告；注意)
There was a notice on the board saying the class had been canceled. (n.)
Have you noticed how music makes the taste of your food better？ (v.)
通知
注意到
1. off的用法
1.作副词时,意为“离开( 某处 );起跑;被取消;不工作;休息;不再供应”。
e.g. I have three days off next week.
2.作介词时,意为“从( 某处 )落下;离开;( 时空上 )离,距;去掉;戒除”。
e.g. There is a bathroom off the main bedroom.
3.作形容词时,意为“不新鲜;变质”。
e.g. The fish has gone off.
考点清单
off短语小结
get off 下车 put off 推迟
show off 炫耀 fall off 从……掉下
hurry off 匆匆离去 keep off 远离;不接近
ring off 挂断电话 pay off 付清
see off 送行 turn off 关闭;使厌烦
take off起飞;脱掉( 衣服 ) give off 发出( 光、热、气味等 )
cut off 打断;切断;中断 go off 离开;闹钟响;爆炸
set off 出发;( 使 )开始;引起;点燃
drive off 赶走;击退;驾车离去;驶去
1. (2021淮安）Please remember to the TV before leaving the room.
A．turn off B．show off C．let off D．get off
2. （2021云南） —Did you have a welcome party for Laura last night
—No, we didn’t. It was ________ because Laura was in hospital.
A ． put off B ． taken off C ． cut off D ． turned off
练一练
作及物动词 意为“击;打;击中;到达”。常见用法:hit sb.on/in+身体部位+with sth.“用某物打某人身体某部位”;hit+身体部位+on/against sth.“身体某部位碰或撞在某物上”。常用句型:It hit sb.that“某人突然意识到……”。
作不及物动词 意为“( 风暴、疾病等 )袭击;抨击;( 偶然 )碰上”。
作名词 意为“击;打;打击;轰动一时的人或事物”。
2. hit的用法
辨析beat, knock和hit
(1)beat 强调连续或反复地打或拍,因此像心脏跳动、打鼓、打拍子等之类具有连续性或反复性的动作,一般要用 beat。此外,它还有“殴打;打败”之意。
(2)knock意为“敲;打;撞击”,一般指敲打并伴有响声,常与at/on连用。
(3)hit指“打中;对准……来打”,表示有意或无意地打或撞等,往往含有重重一击或用力敲打之意。
1. Mary hit Jack the head a book.
A.at;with B.on;with C.on;by D.in;by
2. All of a sudden it Peter that he had forgotten his friend’s
birthday.
A.knocked B.happened C.beat D.hit
练一练
3. lonely和alone的用法
1.lonely只能作形容词,表示人主观上感到“孤独的”,感彩浓厚;也可修饰地点,意为“荒凉的;偏僻的”。
e.g. I feel lonely without my dog.
That’s a lonely island.
2.alone可用作副词,意为“单独地,独自地”,相当于by oneself;也可用作形容词,意为“单独的,独自的”,表示客观情况,此时只可作表语。
e.g. She lives alone in the village.
He was alone in the middle of the hall.
1.（2020荆州） — How are you getting on with your work
— I can’t do it _______ any longer. I’ll have to get help.
A. hard B. quietly C. simply D. alone
2. She lived ______ in a small village, but she didn't feel _______．
A．lonely; lonely B．alone; lonely C．lonely; alone
练一练
辨析 含义及用法 示例
raise 使升高。强调“某人把某物举起来” raise the glass举杯
raise one’s hand举手
增加 raise salaries提高薪资
筹集(资金)；征集(人员) raise money筹钱
raise an army招兵
抚养，养育 raise pets养宠物
rise [rose， risen] 上升。强调“某人/某物自己站/升起来” The sun rises.太阳升起。
The river rises.水位上涨。
增长 The price rises.价格上涨。
4.辨析raise和rise
（2021济宁）They ___________(raise) at least $ 60 million over the past years，according to news website Genius.
（2021呼和浩特）He r_________his head and said to me with a smile.
练一练
have raised
aised
5. give up的用法
give up是动副结构短语,意为“放弃;戒除”,若接人称代词作其宾语,代词应位于词组中间;后接V-ing形式作宾语。
e.g. You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day.
give短语小结
give out 分发;散发 give away 赠送;捐赠
give in屈服;让步 give back ( 归 )还;回报;恢复
（2021西藏）Although COVID﹣19（新冠肺炎） was terrible，Chinese people didn't ______fighting against the disease and got a great success.
A．pick up B．cheer up C．give up D．take up
练一练
辨析 含义 用法
be/get used to (doing) sth. “习惯于做某事； 适应于做某事” 主语是人。to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。(be＝get/become)
used to do sth. “过去常 常做某事” to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。
be used to do sth. “被用来做某事” 主语是物。to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。(be used to do sth.＝be used for doing sth.)
6. 辨析be/get used to (doing) sth. , used to do sth. 与be used to do sth.
1.（2021百色)I used to ________ at half past six, but now I am getting used to ________at seven.
A. getting up, get up B. get up, getting up
C. got up, getting up D. got up, get up
2.（2021西藏）The village _________（过去常常） be poor.By the end of last year，it had thrown off poverty（脱贫）.
used to
练一练
7.“What's the matter？”句型
(1)“What's the matter？”可用于询问对方有什么问题或不顺心的事，
也可询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接“with sb./sth.”，表示“某人/某物怎么了”。
(2)matter用作名词时，意为“问题；事情”；用作动词时，意为“要紧；关系重大”，主要用于疑问句或否定句。
e.g. I have a matter to discuss with you.
It doesn't matter.
What's the matter with your brother？
(2020新疆）Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What most ______is how you see yourself.
A. drinks B. matters C. cares D. minds
练一练
8. mean（meant，meant）打算；意欲
e.g. My new job means traveling around the world.
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
I mean that we have to leave early.
（2021鄂州）All these things _________ that many villages in western Europe are fighting to survive.
练一练
mean
9. difficulty的用法
(1)difficulty是difficult的名词形式，意为“困难；难题”。
(2)have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，difficulty前可以加形容词，如great。
e.g. They had great difficulty (in) finding you.
（2021淄博）Mr. Pickwick stepped on Sam’s back and，with great ____________(difficult)，climbed over the wall
练一练
difficulties
10. imagine的用法
练一练
（2021淮安）--Can you imagine in 2035？
--I'm sure it will be better.
A．how our life was
B．what will our life be like
C．how was our life
D．what our life will be like
11. lie的用法
词汇 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
lie 躺;位于 lay lain lying
lie 说谎,撒谎 lied lied lying
lay 放置;产卵 laid laid laying
辨析lie和lay
口诀记忆
规则的说谎( 规则动词lie—lied—lied ),
不规则的躺( 不规则动词lie—lay—lain ),
躺过就下蛋( 躺的过去式是下蛋的原形 ),
下蛋说付钱( lay, say, pay的过去式和过去分词构成规律相同 )。
1. （2020桂林）Diana is______（躺，平躺）in the sun at this moment.
2.The hens 50 eggs last week,but this week they aren’t .
A.lay;lying B.laid;laying C.lay;laying D.lied;lying
3.The girl on the ground to me that she had____ the
wallet on the desk.
A.lying;lay;laid B.lying;lied;laid C.lie;lied;lay D.lay;lied;lain
lying
练一练
单词 用法 例句
sick 既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放名词前作定语。sick person ＝ patient 病人。常用短语：be sick of…讨厌；厌恶…… She is looking after her sick father.
ill 只能放be (系动词)后作表语，“病人”可以说“a sick man”，但不能说“an ill man”。常用短语：be ill in hospital 生病住院 Tom is ill in hospital.
12. 辨析sick与ill
（2021资阳）In the story，a group leader was asked to look after three______younger soldiers who were left behind the main walking troops （部队）.
练一练
sick
13. 辨析run out, run out of与use up
短语 用法
run out 句子的主语是表“物”的名词或代词，其后不接宾语，不用于被动语态
run out of 句子的主语是表“人”的名词或代词，其后接宾语
use up 句子的主语是表“人”的名词或代词，其后接宾语，可用于被动语态
e.g. Our money ran out.
＝ We ran out of money.
＝ We used up our money.
＝Our money was used up.
1. —The oil on the earth will ______ one day.
—I think so. We should make good use of it.
A. find out B. work out C. run out
2. 纸已经用光了。(汉译英)
.
The paper has run out already
练一练
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。其基本构成形式为“to+动词原形”, to为动词不定式的符号, 本身无意义,有时可以省略。动词不定式的具体用法如下:
1.作主语:动词不定式作主语可位于句首,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
e.g. To learn English well is very important.
2.作宾语:常见跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有want, need, decide, ask, learn, hope, begin, agree, plan, refuse, seem, wish, fail, choose, manage, promise, expect, afford等。
e.g. He hopes to see you soon.
动词不定式
语法复习
3.作宾语补足语:
(1)常见跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, want, tell, wish, like, teach, invite, advise, allow, order, encourage, warn,get等。
e.g. I invited him to come to my birthday party.
(2)常见跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词:“一感”( feel );“二听”(hear, listen to);“三使”(make, let,have);“四看”(see, watch, notice, look at);“一半帮”(help, 后接不接to都可以)。
e.g. This afternoon I watched them play football.
4.作表语:动词不定式作表语,一般放在系动词be,seem的后面,主语通常是wish, idea, task, job等名词。
e.g. My wish is to be a doctor.
5.作定语:动词不定式作定语,应置于所修饰的词语之后。常接动词不定式作定语的名词有way, time, place, promise, wish等。
e.g. There is no time to think.
6.作状语:
(1)动词不定式作状语表原因,其结构是“be+adj.+to do”,常搭配的形容词有sorry, happy, sad, glad, pleased, lucky, surprised, able, angry, ready, clever, wrong, right等。
e.g. She is very happy to see her husband.
(2)动词不定式作状语表结果,常用于too...to...,enough to...结构中。
He is too young to go to school.= He isn’t old enough to go to school.
(3)动词不定式作状语表目的。
e.g. She went home to have dinner.
1. （2021西藏）It's very kind you others when they're in need.
A．for；to help B．of；to help
C．for；helping D．of；helping
2.（2021重庆）The villagers plan _____a new bridge over the river.
A build B. building C. to build D. built
3.（2021重庆） Peter's mother gets up early ______ breakfast for him every morning.
A. to make B. making C. make D. makes
练一练
健康与安全
写作指导
健康与急救是我们生活中经常谈论的话题。此话题涉及的写作出题方向常有以下几种:
1.对于健康的看法及建议、运动与健康的关系等;
2.如何做到饮食健康,如何保护牙齿、眼睛等;
3.探讨熬夜、吸烟等对健康的危害;
4.突发事件如何急救等。
考生在写作时,首先要仔细审题,确定写作主题和角度。其次,这一话题涉及的文章以说明文和议论文为主,所以写作时,考生应逐一阐述要点,并用恰当的连接词连接起来,使文章条理清晰。文章最后可以进行总结,如健康的意义、呼吁大家养成良好的生活习惯等。
写作复习
【常用短语】
不健康的方式或影响
1．be bad for 2．be harmful to
3．be/fall ill 4．stay up
5．under too much pressure 6．watch TV too much
7．be short of exercise
8．spend too much time playing computer games
健康的方式及建议
1．avoid too much pressure 2．be good for
3．develop/form a good habit of … 4．do/take more exercise 5．do sports regularly 6．eat a good breakfast 7．get away from 8．keep fit/healthy
9．pay attention to 10．take medicine
【常用句型】开头句
1．All of us want to be healthy.What should we do to (保持健康)
2．As is known to us all，health ___ (极为重要) to us.
3．_________________(健康就是财富)．Here is some advice on how to keep healthy.
4．It's important/necessary for us to ________________ (过健康的生活)．
5．Nowadays more and more people ______________________ (认识到……的重要性) having a healthy lifestyle.
keep healthy
is of great importance
Health is wealth
live a healthy life
realize the importance of
?中间句
1．Don't ____ (有压力)．It's not healthy.
2．Don't (熬夜)．Get enough sleep and brush our teeth twice a day.
3．Everyone must obey the traffic rules，or an accident may
(发生) you.
4．If we are in danger on the way，we should __________
(向警察求助) in time.
5．Playing computer games not only takes much time but also
______________(对……有害) health.
6．Smoking is dangerous because it ________(导致) many diseases like cancer and heart disease.
be stressed out
stay up late
happen to
ask the police for
help
does harm to
leads to
7．Washing hands often can be a good way to _______________ (保护我们免受……) the disease.
8．Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes (不但……而且) our study.
9．We (应该) form a good habit.
10．We'd better eat more fruit and vegetables (替代) junk food.
11．We should do more exercise to (增强) our bodies.
not only
but also
are supposed to
instead of
build up
protect us from
?结尾句
1．All in all，if we (采纳意见) given above，we will live a healthy life.
2．In a word，health is (更珍贵) than anything else.We should do everything we can to keep us healthy.
3． (依我看)，we all need to learn how to protect ourselves and (远离) danger.
4．__________(简而言之)，we should develop/form a good habit of eating healthy food.
5．In short/All in all，____________________ (安全必须第一)．
stick to the advice
more valuable
In my opinion
stay away from
In short
safety must come first
优秀范文
(2020黄石）我市某英文杂志社正面向九年级毕业生征文，请从以下要点中选择两到三点，写一篇题为“How to keep healthy”的短文，参加此次活动。
要点：
1.运动有益身心健康。多锻炼，如跑步、爬山、骑车等；
2.养成健康的饮食习惯, 如多喝水和牛奶，多吃蔬菜和水果，少吃垃圾食品和快餐；
3.学习有计划，早睡早起不熬夜，劳逸结合；
4.乐观、积极、友好，与同学和睦相处。
要求：
1.可结合自身事例、适当发挥；语言通顺，意思连贯
2.80词左右。（无须写标题，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）
参考词汇：keep healthy physically and mentally保持身心健康
regularly有规律地 optimistic乐观的
Keeping healthy plays an important role in our daily life. What should we do to keep healthy
First, exercise is good for keeping healthy physically and mentally. We can participate in regular exercise, such as cycling, mountain climbing, running and so on. Second, it's very important for us to form healthy eating habits. We should drink more water and milk, and eat more vegetables and fruits. And we should avoid eating too much junk food and fast food. Third, we should be optimistic, positive and friendly. We should also get along well with classmates.
If we try to do that, we'll be a healthier person.
针对练习
健康一直是人们关注的话题。假如你校要举行以“关爱健康”为主题的英语作文比赛，请你以“How to keep healthy”为题，并根据以下要点和要求，用英语写一篇短文参赛。
要点：
1.保持健康的重要性；
2．保持健康的方法(至少三点)；
3．你自己的看法。
要求：
1.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；
2．词数100左右。
How to keep healthy
It is true that health is the first step to success. If you're in good health，you can overcome the difficulties and make your dreams come true.
Since health is so important for everybody，how can we keep our health As a middle school student，first you'd better do more exercise such as playing ball games，running，swimming and skipping rope. Then you should pay attention to your meals. Don't eat too much meat or sugar which are bad for your health. Third，you need enough sleep or rest.What's more，keep yourself happy.As people often say smiling makes you younger. At last，you mustn't drink wine or smoke.In conclusion, if we pay close attention to our health，we can avoid getting sick.
I hope you can live a healthy life.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
八下 Units 1—2配套作业
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1.—Do you know how to spell word “napkin” (纸巾) in English
—Yes. It begins with “n”.
A. the; a B. the; an C. a; an D. the; the
2. The twins are so alike that even their father finds hard to tell them from each other.
A. it B. him C. them D. one
3.The baby is too young. Don’t leave her at home by .
A. she B.her C.hers D.herself
4.—Mum，must I be a teacher like you when I grow up
—No，you needn’t. You can make your own .
A.difference B.discussion C.discovery D.decision
5. Amande feels because she is new here，so I try friends with her.
A. alone; to make B.lonely; make C.lonely; to make D.alone; make
6.The song Dream It Possible often reminds me that we should always try our best and never________ catching our dreams.
A. give up B. take up C. put up D. look up
7.Through the stories behind the idioms， we would be able to fully China’s culture， history and tradition.
A. understand B.search C.compare D.imagine
8. —Bob，you have to finish your school project today.
—Don’t worry，Mum. I won’t today’s work till tomorrow.
A.put off B.take off C.give up D.set up
Ⅱ. 完形填空。
（2021襄阳）I was going to buy some fruits and medicine for my headache. After I parked my car, I went into the market. It wasn't as _1_as I had expected. Only a few people were shopping in it.
In the market, I saw a little girl_2__ in a shopping cart（车）. She looked to be9months old with blond curly hair and blue eyes.
She was such a lovely girl that I couldn't _3 my eyes away. Then I did what I always do with children: I gave her my best smile. I may have looked a bit 4 , but it came from my heart.
I've learned that everyone _5 a smile sometimes, even strangers at the market in a rush to get home.
She took her time deciding just 6_ to deal with my smile. But finally she smiled. I laughed and waved（挥手）goodbye. And she blew me a kiss.
That put a smile on my face and then I got a smile in 7_ from every shopper I passed. I was still smiling when I got home and 8_ I'd forgotten to get medicine. Luckily, didn't need it. My headache was gone.
Want to change the world Try smiling. In that simple 9_ of everyone's smiles, this tiring world would become a better place.
_10_ you're lucky, you'll be blown a kiss and it maybe make your headache go away.
1. A. scared B. crowded C. quiet D. empty
2. A. sitting B. reading C. sleeping D. selling
3. A. throw B. send C. move D. give
4. A, thirsty B. angry C. hungry D. crazy
5. A. needs B. hates C. makes D. gives
6. A. why B. how C. where D. when
7. A. fact B. total C. return D. public
8. A. decided B. realized C. developed D. received
9. A. excitement B. condition C. exchange D. opinion
10. A. So B. As C. But D. If
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A（2021毕节）
Naomi was thinking about her vacation report. She visited her friend Grace and got some ideas.
“What should I write about ” she thought again on her way home. Near a shrine（圣地）, she found a beautiful bird singing on a big stone. She looked at the stone and saw some letters on it. “What is this stone for ” she wondered. Naomi talked about the stone to her grandpa. “That is a stone monument which has a long history,” her grandpa said. Naomi also told her grandpa about her report. “I think it is a good idea to write about it. Go and visit my friend Sam,” said Naomi’s grandpa.
The next day, Naomi went to see Sam. “________ We have more stone monuments around here. The one you saw was built about two hundred years ago. People around here thought that trees had souls（灵魂）. But they had to cut and use the trees for their own lives. They made the stone monuments to thank the trees,” Sam said. “We should live with nature. However, we sometimes forget that important thing. When we see the stone monuments, we can remember that,” Sam said.
“This is a part of our local culture, and young people like me have to learn about this.” Naomi thought.
The new term started. “Your report is great. You worked hard to write it,” Naomi’s teacher said. The teacher’s words made Naomi so happy. Passing the stone again, Naomi said to the bird, “Thank you for telling me.”
1. What was Naomi worrying about during the summer vacation
A. Her grandpa. B. Her trip. C. Her health. D. Her report.
2. What does the underlined word “monument” mean in Chinese
A. 时刻 B. 运动 C. 礼物 D. 纪念碑
3. Which of the following can be put in “________”
A. I’m sorry you don’t like the monument.
B. I don’t think you want to know about it.
C. I am glad you are interested in the monument.
D. I’m sure you’ll invite me to dinner.
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. People there thought that trees had souls.
B. They made the monuments to thank the trees.
C. They built the monuments for people to remember the trees.
D. They built the monuments for the birds to sing on.
5. What does the story mainly tell us
A. It tells us how Naomi worked for her report.
B. It tells us how Naomi found the monument.
C. It tells us how Naomi visited Sam.
D. It tells us how Naomi found the bird.
B(2021滨州）
It seems that food deliverymen ( 送货员 ) are always rushing in haste . We can always see them running every minute, and they seem to have lots of things to do the next minute. They wear blue, red or yellow helmets ( 头盔 ) and many of them don’t follow traffic rules. They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights. They use mobile phones when they are driving.
However, not everything goes well with food deliverymen. In the first half of 2017, food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai. That means every two and a half days, a food deliveryman will die or get hurt on the road.
What makes deliverymen take such risks The strict rules of the food delivery companies and the worried customers may be the answer. Many companies will fine ( 罚款 ) a deliveryman up to 2,000 yuan if he can’t deliver the food on time, reported China Daily. Fines also go to those who get bad reviews from customers.
To solve the problem, food delivery service companies need to do some changes. Some cities are also taking action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a deliveryman breaks traffic rules more than twice, then he can’t do the job for a whole year.
6. The underlined phrase “in haste” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______ in Chinese.
A．匆忙地 B．慢慢地 C．意外地 D．犹豫地
7. The first paragraph mainly tells us that many food deliverymen ______.
A． work very hard B． break traffic rules
C． are good at driving D． use mobile phones too much
8. How many reasons are mentioned for deliverymen’s taking risks of breaking traffic rules
A ． Two. B ． Three. C ． Four. D ． Five.
9. If a food deliveryman ______, the companies will fine him.
A ． drives too slowly B ． delivers food on time
C ． obeys traffic rules D ． gets bad reviews from his customers
10. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A ． Traffic rules are too strict to deliverymen.
B ． Food deliverymen cannot drive on important roads in the future.
C ． Some cities are working to solve the problem and make things better.
D ． All the companies in China train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety.
Ⅳ.单词拼写
1. He smiled in (满意) when he won the game.
2. There are several (刀) on the shelf.
3. He made a great (决定) after graduation.
4. Can you (想象) yourself becoming famous as a writer
5. He was saved by another (乘客).
Ⅴ.书面表达。
健康的身体是我们中学生学习的保证，但是网络抢走了我们的锻炼时间，垃圾食品威胁着我们的健康。请根据下面的提示，以“How to Keep Healthy”为题写一篇英语短文。
内容提示：
1．坚持锻炼；
2．健康饮食；
3．合理上网；
4．充足的睡眠；
5．保持愉快的心情。
要求：
1．语言规范，语句通顺，内容充实；
2．字数：不少于100词；开头已给出，不计入总词数。
How to Keep Healthy
It's important for us to keep healthy. As a middle school student, we should have a healthy lifestyle. Here are some suggestions._________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
Ⅰ.单项选择
BADDC AAA
Ⅱ.完形填空
BACDA BCBCD
Ⅲ.阅读理解
DDCDB ABADC
Ⅳ.单词拼写
1.satisfaction 2.knives 3.decision 4.imagine 5.passenger
V.书面表达
How to Keep Healthy
It's important for us to keep healthy. As a middle school student, we should have a healthy lifestyle. Here are some suggestions.
First, we should do exercise at least one hour a day, such as running or walking. Second, have a healthy diet. Eat more fruit and vegetables.Try not to eat junk food. Third, we'd better not spend too much time going online. It is bad for our study and eyes. Fourth, go to bed early and don't stay up too late, because enough sleep is good for our health. Finally, be happy as possible as we can. Learn to smile at ourselves at any time.
If we do so, I believe we can keep healthy.
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