Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
模块小结
【精讲精练】
要点1 take off
take off意为“起飞”。例如：
When will the plane take off 飞机什么时候起飞？
【拓展】
(1) take off还可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为put on，意为“穿上”。例如：
Put on your clothes. Don’t take them off. 把衣服穿上，别脱下。
(2) 常见的含有take的词组：
take turns轮流 take away拿走 take out拿出，取出
take over接手，接管 take notes 做笔记 take care当心，注意
take care of 照顾 take photos 照相 take it easy别紧张
【典例分析】
一、用take构成的短语完成句子
1.他长得像他父亲
He__________ _______ his father
【答案】takes after take after 长得像......、性格特征像.....
2.母亲把我们的盘子拿走，回来拿一些水果给我们吃
Mother _________our plates __________and came back with some fruit for us to eat.
【答案】took away 拿走
3.那首曲子把我带回到童年时代
That music ________ me________ to my childhood.
【答案】took back 带回。
4.我们需要把窗帘拿下来清洗下
We need to _________ __________ the curtains to be cleaned.
【答案】take down取下、拿下
5. 如果你有钢笔，可以把我的电话号码记下来
If you have a pen, you can ________ _________ my phone number.
【答案】take down。写下、记录
6.这种布料吸水性很好。
This kind of cloth _______ _______water very well.
【答案】takes in 吸入 领悟，理解
7.飞往曼谷的航班准时起飞。
The flight for Bangkok ________ ________ on time.
【答案】took off “起飞”
8.天气太热了，所以我把夹克衫脱掉了
It was hot, so I________ my jacket __________.
【答案】took off“脱下”
9.她请两天假来照顾她奶奶。
She __________two days _________school to _________ _________ _________his grandma.
【答案】took off “请假” take care of “照顾“
10.请在整个房子有臭味前把垃圾清除出去
Please _________ ________the trash before the whole house starts to smell.
【答案】took out拿出，取出
11.自从他挂了之后，他的儿子就接管了他的公司。
His son has ________ ________ his company since he died。
【答案】taken over 接手，接管
12. 有关金融的书籍占用了三个书架
The books on finance_______ ________ three shelves.
【答案】take up 占据（一定的时间、空间、精力......）；开始从事......
13.The plane to Chengdu just now．You have to wait until tomorrow．
A. took off B. took after C. took out D. took away
【答案】A句意：去成都的飞机刚刚起飞，你得等到明天。考查动词短语。A. took off（飞机等）起飞，脱下；B. took after长得像，性格类似于，效仿；C. took out拿出，取出；D. took away拿走。结合句意可知填took off；选A。
14.I shall not ________ much of your time.
A. take in B. take off C. take up D. take away
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我不会占用你太多的时间。
考查动词短语的辨析。take in收留，收容；take off起飞，脱下；take up占用；take away拿走。根据句意可知，此空是“占用”的意思，此空应填take up，故选C。
要点2 by the end of /by the time
by the end of意为“到……末为止”，其后只能接时间，可用于将来时或过去完成时。例如：
We’re going to finish it by the end of this week.
到本周末，我们将完成这项工作。
【拓展】
(1) at the end of意为“在……末端，在……尽头”，可以表示时间，也可以表示地点。例如：
at the end of January在一月底 （表示时间）
at the end of the street在街道末端（表示地点）
(2) in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如：
Our team beat theirs in the end. 最后，我们队战胜了他们队。
by the time的意思是“到……时间为止”，强调时间的截止，引导时间状语从句。By the time＋过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时，表示在从句谓语动作前已经完成。例如：
By the time I got there, the bus had already left.
不晚于我到那里时，公共汽车已经开走了。
（2）当时间状语为by the end of last month/year/week时，主句也用过去完成时。例如：
By the end of last month we had learned 20 English songs.
到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。
【典例分析】
1.史密斯先生的家在这条路的尽头。
Are there any exams ___________ this term
【答案】at the end of 在……的结尾 接时间。
2.这个学期期末有考试吗？
My room is ______________ the corridor.
【答案】 at the end of 在……的末端 接地点。
3.到本学期末为止，我已经学了2000个英语单词。
__________________ this term, we_____________ 2000 English words.
【答案】By the end of have learned
4.他终走到达这条街道的尽头。
__________, he reached_________________ the street.
【答案】 In the end at the end of
4. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
【答案】B句意：我们通常在每一年的六月底又一次期末考试。考查易混短语辨析。根据：in the end：最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后，强调结果一般不与of连用。at the end：在……的末端；在……的后期；既指某一段时间的后期，也指某一地点的末端。一般与of连用。by the end：到……末时为止；强调时间概念，一般也与of连用。故选B。
5.__________, He succeeded in getting the job.
A．in the end B．at the end of C．by the end of D．to the end
【答案】A句意，最后他得到这个工作。in the end：最终，最后；强调时间顺序上的最后。故答案选A
6.—What happened, Mike
—________I got to school, the first class had been over.
A. In time B. On time C. By the time D. At that time
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——发生了什么，迈克？——我到学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
本题考查介词短语和时间状语从句。in time及时，on time按时，by the time到……时间为止，at that time在那时。根据“the first class had been over.”可知，此处与过去完成时连用，用by the time引导时间状语从句，故选C。
7.By the time school ________ over, the rain ________.
So I didn't use my raincoat.
A. had been; stopped B. was; has stopped
C. had been; had stopped D. was; had stopped
【答案】D
【解析】句意：学校放学时，雨已经停了。所以我没用雨衣。
考查过去完成时。根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“到放学的时候，雨已经停了”，“雨停了”这个动作是发生在“放学时”之前，所以这里“放学”应该用过去时，而“雨停了”应该用过去完成时，故选D。
要点3 go off
go off 意为“发出响声”。例如：
The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。
My alarm clock didn’t go off. 我的闹钟没有响。
【拓展】go off的其他用法：
（1）意为“离开，走掉，走散”例如：
Don’t go off the main road, or you’ll be lost. 不要离开大路，否则会迷路的。
（2）go off 意为“变质，变坏”。例如：
Milk goes off quickly in the hot weather. 牛奶在热天很容易变坏。
（3）go off 意为“（电灯）熄灭，（电）中断”。例如：
There was a power cut and all of the lights went off.
停电了，所有的灯熄灭了。
【典例分析】
1.我的闹钟没有响。
My alarm clock didn’t ____________.
【答案】go off
2.他匆匆走掉了。
He ____________in a hurry.
【答案】went off
3.你们一定不要独自离开。
You mustn't ________ ________ ______ _____ _____．
【答案】go off on your own
4. He in a great hurry after he answered the phone
A. gave off B. put off C. went off D. took off
【答案】C
【解析】句意:接完电话他匆匆地离开了。go off"离开"符合句意。
5.I was late ________ school this morning, because my alarm clock didn't .
A. to；go off B. for；go off C. to；go out D. for；go out
【答案】B
【解析】句意：今天早上我上学迟到了，因为我的闹钟没有响。
本题考查介词和动词短语。to向，for为了，go off离开，铃响了，go out出去。be late for迟到，结合句意，我上学迟到，是因为我的闹钟响了。故选B。
要点4 be full of
be full of 意为“充满的”，侧重指状态。例如：
The room is full of young people. = The room is filled with young people.
房间里全是年轻人。
【拓展】
be filled with意为“装满……；充满……”，和be full of 同义，但是更侧重动作。其主动形式为：fill with，意为“把……装满”。例如：
Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
【典例分析】
1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
【答案】A. be filled with 充满。Be covered with 被覆盖。Be used for 被用来。。。 be asked for 被。。。要求。
2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
【答案】C . be full of 和be filled with 都是固定搭配。
3.The journey was _______ interesting experiences.
A. full of B. afraid of C. careful of D. made of
【答案】A句意：旅途充满了有趣的经历。
考查形容词短语意思。A项意为“充满……”，B项意为“害怕……”，C项意为“小心……”，D项意为“由……制成”。结合句意可知选A。
4.If you read a lot, your life will be full pleasure.
A. by B. of C. for D. with
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你读了很多书，你的生活将充满乐趣。be full of充满，故选B。
5.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
【答案】full of /filled with
要点5 leave
leave作动词，意为“离开(某处)”，常与for连用，后接要去的地方。leave的过去式和过去分词都是left。例如：
He is leaving for Beijing next week. 他下周打算离开去北京。
Mr. Smith left the room at two o’clock. 史密斯先生两点离开房间。
【拓展】
（1）leave还意为“离开(某人)的身边;离弃”。例如：
Her husband has left her. 她的丈夫把她遗弃了。
（2）动词短语leave something at/in ＋表示地点的名词，意为“把某物忘在某地”。例如：
I left my key at home. 我把钥匙忘在家里了。
Tom left his English book at school, so he didn’t do his homework.
汤姆把英语书落在学校了，所以没有做英语作业。
（3) leave还意为“听任,使处于某种状态”。例如：
He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。
【辨析】
leave和forget
leave和forget两者都是动词，都含有“忘记” 的意思。表示把某物“落在某地方”用leave，如果无具体地点，则用forget。例如：
He said that he had left his book in the classroom.
他说他把书落在教室里了。
I never forget her. 我永远也忘不了她。
【典例分析】
1.Hey, boys, don’t ______ anything on the boat, take ______ with you.
A. forget, everything B. leave, something C. forget, something D. leave, everything
【答案】D
【解析】句意：男孩子们，不要将东西忘在船上，带上所有的东西，forget 忘记做某事，leave把东西忘在某地。结合语境答案D
2.Don’t forget ___the lights when you leave.
A. to turn on B. turn on C. to turn off D. turning off
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：本题的含义是当你离开的时候不要忘记关灯，turn off表示关上的意思，forget to do表示忘记未做的事，故本题选C。
3.—What's wrong with you
—By the time I got to school，I realized I had ________ my English book at home.
A. left B. forgotten C. took D. brought
【答案】A
【解析】句意“-你怎么了？-在我到学校之前，我意识到我把书落到家里了”。A.落下；B.忘记；C.带走；D.带来。根据句意，故选A。
4.—Sorry, Mr. Green. I have ________ my homework at home.
—Never mind. But don't forget ________ it to the school tomorrow.
A. left; bring B. forget; to bring C. left; to bring D. forgot; bringing
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——对不起，格林先生。我把作业忘在家里了。——没关系。但别忘了明天把它带到学校。
考查动词辨析、不定式当宾语。从文字的表层意思推断空格1指把作业忘在家里“leave sth+地点”意为把……忘在某地，所以排除B、D；forget to do something意为“忘记要去做某事”，动作没有做；forget doing something意为“忘记做过某事“，说话的时候动作已完成；空格2指别忘了明天把它带到学校，可知动作还未完成，用不定式；故选C。
要点6 show up
show up动词短语，意为“出席，露面”。例如：
Most of people invited didn’t show up. 被邀请的人大部分还未到。
To my surprise, she failed to show up. 令我吃惊的是，她未能出席。
【拓展】
show的常用短语：
（1）show sb. around 带某人参观 例如：
I’ll show you around so that you can meet everyone.
我会带你到各处看看,好让你和大家见见面。
（2）show off 炫耀 例如：
Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
那些男孩们老向女孩卖弄他们的运动技巧。
（3）show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 例如：
My friend showed me a picture book.
我的朋友出示我一本漂亮的图册。
（4）on show 陈列，展出 例如：
The photographs are on show at the museum until October.
照片在博物馆展出到十月。
【典例分析】
1.Please show me your new sweater.（同义改写）
=Please ___________ your new sweater__________ __________.
【答案】show to me
2.你让我看一下你的新表好吗 （翻译）
【答案】Please show me your new watch.=Please show your new watch to me.
3.我等了他很长时间，但是他还没有出现。（翻译）
【答案】I waited for him for a long time, but he didn’t show up.
4.他昨天带我参观了他们的学校。（翻译）
【答案】He showed me around his school yesterday.
5.很多花在展出，我们去看一看吧！（翻译）
【答案】Many flowers are on show. Let’s go and have a look.
1.用show up、show around show off on show填空
1）I’ll _______ you ________so that you can meet everyone.
2）Most of people invited didn’t _________ __________.
3）Those boys always ________ __________their sports skills to the girls.
4）The photographs are _________ ________at the museum until October.
【答案】1) show around 2) show up 3) show off 4) on show
2.Please show me your new sweater.（同义改写）
=Please ___________ your new sweater__________ __________.
【答案】show to me
3.你让我看一下你的新表好吗 （翻译）
【答案】Please show me your new watch.=Please show your new watch to me.
4.我等了他很长时间，但是他还没有出现。（翻译）
【答案】I waited for him for a long time, but he didn’t show up.
5.他昨天带我参观了他们的学校。（翻译）
【答案】He showed me around his school yesterday.
6.很多花在展出，我们去看一看吧！（翻译）
【答案】Many flowers are on show. Let’s go and have a look.
7.—Wang Lin, thank you for me around the Bird's Nest.
—You’re welcome.
A. getting B. looking C. showing D. bringing
【答案】C
【解析】show sb. around 带某人参观某地。
8. —It is said that Jay Chou sang his latest song in the concert.
—That’s impossible. In fact, he had never _____by the time the concert ended.
A. put up B. set up C. fixed up D. shown up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——据说周杰伦在音乐会上演唱了他的新歌。那是不可能的。事实上，音乐会结束时他还没有露面。考查动词辨析。A. put up建造，张贴；B. set up建立；C. fixed up修理；D. shown up出现；由句意和语境可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
要点7 keep
（1) keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如：
Could you keep these letters for me, please
你能替我保存这些信吗？
I’ll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。
Can you keep a secret 你能保守秘密吗？
（2) keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。 例如：
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。
（3）keep的常用句型：
1) keep doing sth. 意为 “继续干某事”，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。例如：
He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.
他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。
2）keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。 例如：
The pupil kept on asking me the same question.
这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。例如：
3) keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：
The heavy snow kept us from going out.
大雪阻止了我们出去。
拓展： keep构成的短语
keep doing sth 一直做某事
keep sb/sth doing sth 使某人/某事一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep up with 跟上
keep in mind 记住
keep in touch with 保持联络
keep on 继续
【典例分析】
1. 你认为我们青少年应该远离网络吗
Do you think we teenagers should __________ _____________ __________ the Internet
【答案】keep away from 。远离，不接近。
2. 使劲跑，别停！
Just __________ __________, don’t stop!
【答案】keep running。keep (on) doing sth. 不断地做某事
3. 我们要尽力保持卧室清洁整齐。
We should try to __________ the bedroom __________ and tidy.
【答案】keep clean 。keep＋宾语＋形容词 使……保持某种状态
4. 对不起，让你久等了。
I’m sorry for keeping you __________ for such a long time.
【答案】waiting。 keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事
5. 疾风阻止我们去上学。
The strong wind keeps us __________ __________ to school.
【答案】from going。keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
6.这条白线是用来警告人们不许靠近的。
The white line is used for _________ _________ _____________.
【答案】keeping people away
7.为了学好英语，你必须用英语写日记。
In order to learn English well, you must _____________ _________ __________ in English.
【答案】keep a diary
8.记得经常保持联络。
Remember_________ _________ _______ ________ _________each other often.
【答案】to keep in touch with
9.别掉队，跟上别人！
Don’t fall behind,________ ________ _________ others.
【答案】keep up with
10.我们要将安全永远放在心上。
We must ________ safety ___________ _________ forever.
【答案】keep in mind
11.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。
12.The flies are so terrible. Please ________．
A. keep it away B. keep them away
C. keep away them D. keep away it
【答案】B 句意：苍蝇太可怕了，请把他们赶走。短语keep away表示把……带走；主语是the flies这里代词用they的宾格them，keep away是动词和副词构成的短语，代词放在中间。根据题意，故选B。
13. As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others_________ for a long time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting
【答案】D这题考查非谓语的用法：keep sb doing“让某人一直做某事”，句意是：我们都知道，让别人等很长时间是不礼貌的。选D。
要点8
1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。它们共同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：
What happened to you on the road yesterday
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
(2) happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody 表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen to do something＝do something by accident 表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如：
An accident happened to him after drinking too much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet your mother yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【答案】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【答案】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
【答案】I happened to see him in Wuhan yesterday. Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
【答案】A句意：当人们在夜里正在睡觉的时候，一起地震发生了。考查易混动词辨析。happen为偶然突然发生；take place为有机会有安排发生；have为拥有；appear为出现，显现。根据句中所描述的earthquake应属于突然发生。故选A。
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
【答案】B句意：在我放学回家的路上，我碰巧救了一只小猫。考查非谓语动词与happen的搭配。根据happen常用搭配为happen to do sth碰巧做了某事。故选B。
6. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
【答案】C句意：在我的家乡发生了巨大变化，我在大街上几乎差一点都迷路了。考查易混动词辨析。take place：有计划、有目的发生；happen：偶然、碰巧发生；appear展现，出现；show展示，出示。根据句意。故选C。
7. Great changes ________ in my hometown since three years ago.
A. were taken place B. have taken place C. took place D. have been taken place
【答案】B
【解析】句意：自从三年前起，家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
考查时态与语态。take place意为“发生”，不用被动语态，所以排除AD；根据时间标志词since，可知要用现在完成时have done，故选B。
要点9
as是连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如：
We walked into the garden as the music stopped.
音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。
【拓展】
as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下：
(1) as作连词：
1) “像……一样、如……”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如：
I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。
You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。
2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如：
As we are both tired, let’s stop to have a rest.
既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。
3) “正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
(2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如：
I work in Beijing as a guider 我在北京当导游。
（3）as. . . as还可用在某些固定结构中:
as. . . as possible/sb. can 尽可能……
as long as 只要
as far as 至于……; 就……来说
as soon as 一……就
【典例分析】
1. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
【答案】1.A 如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来。
2. As soon as the rain ______, they will go out to pick apples.
A. stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping
【答案】A 如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来。
3. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
【答案】句意：暑假一开始，我就要去看望我在英国的姑姑。A．while正当……的时候，B．since因为， C．until 直到， D．as soon as一……就…… 据题意，故选D。
4.只要努力了，你就会成功！
_________ ________ _______ you work hard, you will succeed!
【答案】As long as 只要表示“条件”的状语从句。
5.他一看到我，就向我问好。
_________ __________ ______he saw me, he said hello to me.
【答案】As soon as 一。。。就表示“时间”状语从句。
6.为了学习好英语，你要尽可能多的记单词。
In order to study English well, you should remember English words ________ _________ _______ _________.
【答案】as many as possible
7.她英语说得和你一样好。
She speaks English _________ ________ ________.
【答案】as well as
8.指出下面as所表达的意义。
1）The girl dances as she sings on the stage.
【答案】as 用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行，指 ”一边……，一边……
2）As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.
【答案】as 随着。表示两个同步发展的动作或行为，译为“随着”
3）As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.
【答案】as 随着。表示两个同步发展的动作或行为，译为“随着”
4）As a young man, he was active in sports.
【答案】as 作为。
5）As you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.
【答案】as 由于，因为。”既然”、”由于”解，引导原因状语从句，常用来表示己为人们所知或显而 易见的原因或理由
要点10 alive, living 与live
1. alive 主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。
注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：
He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。
2. living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：
Are your grandparents still living？ 你的祖父母还健在吗？
alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人？
正：Who is the greatest living poet？
正：Who is the greatest poet alive？
若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：
He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。
3. live 通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：
He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。
Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着
【典例分析】
1. Among all the ______ things on the planet, adult giraffes have the longest necks.
A. live B. living C. alive D. lively
【答案】B 活着的;在使用的。常做定语，living和alive都可以表示“活着的”，但alive能作表语或后置定语，而living既可以作表语，又可以作定语。
2. Jade _____ a lonely life, though he never feels that bad.
A. lively B. alive C. lives D. living
【答案】C live 居住;生活。常做谓语。
3.Mo yan is one of the greatest________ writers. He is still________.
A. living；alive B. living；live C. alive；living
【答案】A句意：莫言是活着的最伟大的作家之一。他仍然活着。第一空修饰名词writers，故用形容词living,第二空作为系动词is的表语，用形容词alive。故选A。
点睛：living和alive都可以表示“活着的”，但alive能作表语或后置定语，而living既可以作表语，又可以作定语。
4. Mr. Zhang always has a way to make his class and interesting.
A. lovely B. lively C. alive D. living
【答案】B考查词语辨异。句意：张老师总是有办法使他的课生动有趣。lively活泼的;生动的。可做定语或表语，lovely 可爱的。Living 活着的;在使用的。常做定语，alive adj. 活着的;有生气的。常做表语。根据句意选B。
6.All the _________ things need air and water. Without air or water, nothing can stay _______.
A. living; living B. living; alive C. alive; alive D. alive; living
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：所有的生物都需要空气和水。没有空气和水，什么也不能活。living作定语，alive只作表语。所以选B。
7.While person is asleep, a part of his brain is still ________.
A. alive B. live C. lively D. living
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当一个人睡着的时候，他大脑的一部分仍然是活动着的。
本题考查形容词。live“活的、有生命的”通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living“活的、有生命的”不仅可作定语(alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后)，也可以作表语。lively 有“活泼的、快活的、生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思，而其他三个都有。living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义(如“活像……、“活生生的”等)解时，要用living。只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。此处作表语，表示仍然活着的，有生气的，因此alive。故选A。
8.选词填空(lively, alive, live)。
1）.Please tell me, Mr. Smith, how do you keep your golden fish __________
【答案】alive。活着的;有生气的。
2）.Although he was very old, he was a very __________ gentleman.
【答案】lively。活泼的;生动的。
3）.Everyone is surprised to see Tom but they are also pleased to see him______.
【答案】alive。活着的;有生气的。
4）.Mr. Zhang has been made the most popular teacher in our school this year.
—He always has a way to make his class ______and interesting.
【答案】lively。活泼的;生动的。
要点11
hundreds of 数百的，数以百计的
Those mountains are hundreds of metres high.那些山有数百米高。
【重点】hundreds of 后接复数名词形式。
They plant hundreds of trees every year. 他们每年种几百棵树。
【难点】当hundred前有具体的数词修饰，即表示确切的数目时，hundred只能用单数形式，且不与of连用。另外，hundred前也可用some, several, many等表示不确定的数目的词修饰。
Two hundred students attended the contest. 两百名学生参加了此次比赛。
【拓展】与hundred用法类似的还有thousand, million等。
thousands of数千的 three thousand 三千
【典例分析】
1.—________ is the population of China, Jack —Let me think for a moment, it is about ________.
A. How many；1，400 million B. What；1，400 million
C .What；140 million D. How many；140 million
【答案】根据句意：——中国的人口是多少，杰克 ——让我想想，大约是14亿. 提问人口用what；结合语境，1，400 million符合实际情况。故选B。
2. It is reported that there are over ______ koalas dying in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia.
A. thousands of B. 8 thousands C. 8 thousands of D. 8 thousand
【答案】1. D millions of 数以百万计的。概数。 不能与具体数字连用。2.D thousands of 数以千计的。Thousand可以与具体数字连用。Thousand后面不加“s”。
2. It is reported that nearly _________ foreign kids joined a British boarding school last year，and a third of them came from China．
A. nine thousand B. nine thousands C. nine thousand of D. nine thousands of
【答案】A句意：据悉，去年近九千个外国孩子加入了英国寄宿学校，其中三分之一来自中国。
考查数量的表达。thousand名词，千；前面有具体数字时，后面thousand不能用复数，也不能跟of; thousands of表示约数。故选A。
3. birds have come back because the environment here becomes better and better.
A. Thousands of B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands
【答案】 A 考查数词的用法。句意:数千只鸟已经回来，因为这里的环境变得越来越好。thousands of数千的，thousand 与数词连用时使用单数，与of连用时使用复数。故选A。
4. It is reported that there are over ______ koalas dying in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia.
A. thousands of B. 8 thousands C. 8 thousands of D. 8 thousand
【解析】1. D millions of 数以百万计的。概数。 不能与具体数字连用。2.D thousands of 数以千计的。Thousand可以与具体数字连用。Thousand后面不加“s”。
5.The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
【答案】D
【解析】考查数词用法。表示不确切数目时，需在数词词尾加s,后跟of。thousands of意为“成千上万”。句意为“重庆政府部门正在为民众建设上万套质量好的廉价房”。故选D。
要点12 marry
married 意为“已婚的，结婚的”，在句子中常作表语。常用于词组be /get married to sb. 意为“与某人结婚”。 get married 强调的是短暂性动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用; 表示结婚已有一段时间用be married。
例如：
They have been married for ten years. 他们已经结婚十年了。
Alice was married to a doctor last month. 上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。
【拓展】
married的动词形式是marry, 其常见用法如下：
（1）marry sb. = get married to sb. 意为“与……结婚”。例如：
John married Mary last week. 上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
（2）marry sb. to sb. 意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：
She married her daughter to a businessman. 她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
（3）marry 一般不与介词with 连用。例如：
她和一位英国人结了婚。
【误】She married with an Englishman.
【正】She married an Englishman.
【正】She was / got married to an Englishman.
【典例分析】
1.去年她嫁给了一个士兵。
She __________ a soldier last year.
=She ______ ________ ___ a soldier last year.
【答案】married got married to
2.他已经和玛丽结婚一年了。
He ____ ______ _________ ___ Mary for one year.
【答案】has been married to
3.—How long ________ they ________
—For about 10 years.
A. have; married B. have; been married
C. were; married D. did; marry
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——他们结婚多久了 ——大约10年了。
考查现在完成时。根据“For about 10 years”可知用现在完成时，根据marry是瞬间动词，瞬间动词不能与一段时间连用，应变成相应的延续性动词；这句话可用“be married”，故选B。
4.My grandparents _________ for fifty years and they love each other very much.
A. have got married B. got married C. have been married D. have married
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的祖父母已经结婚50年了，他们彼此深爱着对方。
考查现在完成时态。根据空后for fifty years可知，这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语，而marry是瞬间性动词，不能持续一段时间，所以要用be married，表示状态，它后面可以跟表示一段时间的状语，结合语境可知用现在完成时，现在完成时态的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是My grandparents，所以助动词用have，应填have been married，故选C。
5.She ____________ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
A. married B. has been married C. got married D. has got married
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：她已经结婚十年了，现在她有一个非常可爱的女儿。此题考查现在完成时，for+时间段，谓语动词要用延续性谓语动词。根据句意，应选B。
要点13
empty (adj.)空的；空闲的
(v.) 排空；倒出
1.作形容词，常用表语或定语，此时其反义词是full。
例句：He took his empty coffee cup back to the counter.
他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。
We walked in the empty street.
我们走在空旷的街上。
2.作动词，后常接宾语，此时其反义词是fill。
例句：He emptied his tool bag.
他腾出自己的工具袋。
She emptied the box. 她倒空了箱子。
【典例分析】
1.Can you help me ______ the box and I want to use it to carry my clothes
A． empty B． emptied C． emptying D． empties
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：我想用这个箱子来装衣服，你能帮我把箱子里的东西倒出来吗？考查固定搭配。help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事，在动词help的后面用动词不定式作宾语，动词不定式的to可以省略，结合选项可知，A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
要点14
be about to do sth...when We were about to start when it began to rain.
4).sb. had hardly/scarcely/barely done sth... when
We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.
另：be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。
【典例分析】
1.She looked as if she ________ cry.
A．was about B．was about to C．is about to D．is about
【答案】句意： 她看上去好像要哭了。主句She looked…是过去时，因此从句也用过去时态，排除C/D；be about 从事于……；be about to do sth. 表示即将做某事；结合句意可知，她看上去即将要哭。故选B。
2. 不要着急! 公交车马上就到。
Take it easy! The bus is __________ __________arrive.
【答案】about to . be about to do sth 意为: 就要/正要做某事, 指马上就要进行的动作.
3.It's half past six now. We are about ________.
A. leaving B. to leaving C. to leave D. to left
【答案】C
【解析】句意：现在6：30了，我们准备离开了。
考查固定短语用法。准备做/即将做……be about to do sth.，故动词要用不定式形式。故选C。
要点15
even though/even if都可引导让步状语从句，都不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。even though和even if一般可互换。语气比though/although强烈。
He won't tell me about the news even though/even if he knows it.即使他知道这消息，他也不会告诉我的
【典例分析】
根据汉语完成句子。
1.即使知道是无望的，我也坚持尝试。
I kept on trying, ______ _________ I knew it was hopeless.
【答案】even though/if
2.尽管雨下得很大，农民们仍然在农场里工作。
__________ ___________it’s raining hard, the farmers are still working on the farm.
【答案】even though/if
3.Many children ask their parents to give money to charity buy them snacks.
A. later on B. even though C. rather than D. in order to
【答案】C四个选项的含义分别是：later on后来；even though尽管；rather than而不是；in order to为的是。句意为“许多孩子要父母把钱捐给慈善机构，而不是给他们买零食”，故rather than符合题意。
4. I don't like eating vegetables________ I know they are good for my health.
A. since B. even though
C. because D. as soon as
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我不喜欢吃蔬菜，尽管我知道他们对我的健康有好处。A. since自从；B. even though即使，纵然；C. because因为；D. as soon as一……就。这里是引导让步状语从句。根据题意，故选B。
要点16
end up意为“结束，告终"，后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示“最
终成为；最终处于".其后加介词with构成短语end up with中，表示“以......结束/告终"，此时up可以省略。
例：If he keeps drinking so much，hell end up ill.
如果他继续喝这么多酒，总有一天会生病的，
I ended up doing all the work myself. 结果所有的工作都是我一个人干了.
The party ended up with a song. 晚会以一首歌曲结束，
知识拓展
end up as...最后成为......
end up like...最后像......一样
例：He worked very hard and ended up as a famous scientist
他非常努力，最终成了一位著名的科学家。
Try to keep healthy. I don't want you to end up like that.
努力保持健康，我不想你最后落得那样的情况。
【典例分析】
1.When Jenny practices speaking Chinese, she often ends up English because she is afraid of making mistakes in grammar.
A. speaking B. speak C.to speak D. spoken
【答案】A
【解析】句意:当Jenny练习说汉语时,她经常以说英语结束,因为她害怕在语法方面犯错误。end up doing sth.意为“以做某事结束”。
2.His story always ________ very funny.
A. end up with B. end up being
C. ends up with D. ends up being
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他的故事最后总是很有趣。
考查动词短语及非谓语动词。end up with…以……结束；end up doing sth.表示以做某事而结束；his story是主语，本题是一般现在时态，谓语动词变第三人称单数，排除AB；with介词，后加名词；根据funny.是形容词，前面应该有be动词，故排除C。根据题意，故选D。
要点17
“so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句”； so…that 意思是“如此…以至于…”
拓展：如果名词被many, much, few, little等词修饰，则名词前不用such而用so。
【典例分析】
1.—What do you think of the new movie Wandering Earth（《流浪地球》） （2019年湖北黄冈）
—It’s____ wonderful I really like it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
【答案】A句意：— —你觉得新电影《流浪地球》怎么样？ — —太好了，我真的很喜欢它。根据答语的句子特点It’s ____ wonderful I really like it.可知wonderful为形容词，I really like it. 为一个从句，联系语境可知此句应该是对电影《流浪地球》的评价为“太好了，我真的很喜欢它。”，所以符合so+形容词/副词+that的用法，如此……以至于……，后引导一个结果状语从句；such…that…也有同样的用法，但such后应该跟名词，故排除；too…to表“太……不能……”，意义和结构都不符合；enough; to足够……去做……，意义和结构也都不符合；故选A。
2. He has to earn lots of money _____ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.
A. so that B. such that C. that D. in order
【答案】A句意：他必须挣很多钱才能给孩子们买好的食物和衣服。So that 表示目的状语从句。
3.Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction. （2019，江苏宿迁卷）
A. so B. very C. such D. quite
【答案】A句意：三台山森林公园是如此美丽，它已经成为一个热门的旅游景点。考查副词辨析。so/such that是固定结构，表示“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句，可排除BD两项；so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词或名词性短语。本句beautiful（漂亮的）是形容词，需用so修饰；根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。
4. I’ve had _______ many falls that I am black and blue all over.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
【答案】A句意：我摔了很多跤，全身青一块紫一块。当名词前有many, little, few, much等表示大小多少的词来修饰时，只能用so, 不能用such
5. The camera is _______ expensive _______ I can’t afford it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
【答案】A句意：这照相机太贵了，我买不起。A. so+adj/adv+that+句子“如此……以至于……”；B. “such a/an+adj+可数名词单数+that+句子”或者“such+adj+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that+句子”“如此……以至于”； C. too adj to do“太……以至于不能……”；D. enough; to 足够。。。以致能
6. It was ______ yesterday that they went out for a picnic.
A. a such fine day B. such a fine day C. so a fine day D. a so fine day
【答案】B句意：昨天天气这么好，他们出去野餐了。主语+谓语+so+adj+a/an+单数名词+that 从句。本句亦可以表达成：so fine a day. 答案也正确。
7.Jim is so young that he can’t look after himself. (改为同义句)
①Jim is __________young __________look after himself.
1 Jim is __________ old __________ __________ look after himself.
【答案】too。。。to 太。。。而不能。 not enough 不够。。。以致不能。
要点18
fool 愚弄； 俊瓜
①fool用作可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”，复数形式为fools，常用短语：make fool of...意为“取笑......，捉弄......".
例： I felt such a fool when I realized my mistake.
当我意识到自己的错误时，我才感觉自己真是一个傻瓜。
Are you trying to make fool of me 你想患弄我吗
②fool 用作动词，意为“愚弄，欺哄"。
例： Don't be fooled by the salesman. 不要被这个推销员欺骗了。
用法 例句
及物动词，意为“愚弄；欺骗”，fool sb. into doing sth. 意为“欺骗某人做某事” He fooled me into giving him money.
可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”, make a fool of sb.意为“取笑某人，捉弄某人” Don’t make a fool of her.
fool的形容词为foolish，意为“患蠢的，荒谬的"。
例： I was foolish enough to believe what he said.
我太愚蠢了，竟然相信他说的话，
辨析：fool, foolish, stupid与silly
词语 用法 例句
fool 作动词，意为“愚弄；欺骗”，指利用人缺乏意识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。 Don’t fool your parents.
作名词，意为“傻瓜” What a fool I was to think that it was true.
foolish “愚蠢的”，强调不聪明的 It was very foolish of you to park the car near the bus stop.
stupid “欠考虑的，糊涂的”，强调没有判断力的 Frank didn’t get any education, but he was far from stupid.
silly “愚蠢的，傻的”，强调不明事理的，没头脑的 You are silly to take salt as sugar.
要点19 oversleep
oversleep 意为“睡过头”，它的过去式和过去分词都是overslept。例如：
I overslept and missed the school bus. 我睡过了头，没赶上学校班车。
【拓展】
某些词前缀over，表示“超过, 优越, 过度等”。
overage 过老的
overtime 超出时间的
overwork 过度工作
overdo 做得过分
I think the work is overdone. 我觉得这工作做过头了。
She overdressed herself today. 她今天打扮过头了。
【典例分析】
1.—Why were you late for school this morning
—Because my alarm clock didn't go off and I ________.
A. overslept B. completed C. changed D. missed
【答案】A
【解析】句意“——今天早晨你为什么上学迟到了？——因为我的闹钟不响了，我睡过头了”。A.睡过头；B.完成；C.改变；D.错过。根据句意，故选A。
要点20
above在此处为介词，意为“在......上面”。
例: The plane flew above the clouds飞机在云层上方飞行。
用法 例句
介词，意为“在...上面”，表示不与参照物接触。 Above the desk is a beautiful picture.
副词，“在上方，在上面” Try to spell the words above.
辨析:above, on 与 over
above “在......上面”，表示两者不接触，也不垂直，与 below (在下面)相对
on “在......上面”，指两者表面接触，与beneath(在......下面)相 对
over “在......正上方”，表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩/覆盖 在上面”，与under(在...正下方)相对
词语 意义 反义词 用法 例句
above 在...上 below 不接触，不垂直 The moon was above the trees.
（价格、温度等）高于 The temperature will stay above zero in the day time.
on 在...上面 beneath 接触 There is an apple on the table.
over 在...上面 under 不接触，垂直 The light is over my head.
例:There is a plane above the tree.树上方有一架飞机。
There is a box on the table.桌上有个盒子。
There is bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
【典例分析】
1. —Is Mount Tai the highest mountain in Shandong
—I think so. It is 1，545 meters ________ sea level.
A. under B. above C. past D. along
【答案】B
【解析】
根据句意“泰山是山东最高的山吗？是的。它高出海平面1,545米”，under 在…之下 above 在…之上 past 经过 along沿着 故选B
3．The little boy hid himself ________ the door to give his sister a surprise.
A．behind B．above C．across D．under
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：小男孩藏在门后想给他妹妹一个惊喜。
考查介词辨析。behind在……后面；above在……上面；across穿过；under在……下面。根据“hid himself … the door to give his sister a surprise.”可知，是藏在门后，故选A。
3.选词填空：above/on/over
1）The plane is flying _____ the clouds.
2）There are five books _____ the desk.
3）There is a bridge _____ the river.
4）I hope the price of the dress will not be____$20.
【答案】 1）above 2）on 3）over 4）above
【重点词组】
1. be full of the unexpected 充满了出乎意料的事情
2. go off (闹钟)发出响声
3. rush out of the door 冲出门
4. give sb. a lift 捎某人一程
5. be about to do sth.即将做某事
6. wait in line 排队等候
7. hand in 上交
8. in disbelief难以置信地
9. feel lucky to be alive 为还活着感到幸运
10. think to oneself 自思自忖
11. hear about听说
12. turn into变成
13. show up 出现；露面
14. invite sb.to a costume party 邀请某人去化装舞会
15. make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人
16. sb. feel(s) embarrassed 某人感到窘迫
17. takes place发生
18. play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other互相开各种玩笑
19. sell out 卖光
20. lose weight减肥
【重点句式】
1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
我起床时，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
2. As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound．
当我正在和其他办公室工作人员排队等候时，我听到一声巨响。
3. Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on the first plane had already hit my office building
我还没有来得及加入外面的人群弄清楚正在发生什么事，第一架飞机已经撞上了我办公室的大楼。
4. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building．
我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟。
5. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
我正要上去(我的办公室)时，突然决定先去买杯咖啡。
6. My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了一件好事。
7. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country
韦尔斯使他的话听起来如此逼真，以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事，恐惧在整个国家蔓延。
知识要点二 语法
过去完成时态
1．概念：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去(past in the past)”。
2．构成：
过去完成时由“助动词(had)＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称，否定式为“had not＋过去分词”，had not可缩写为hadn't。如：
①They had already had breakfast before we arrived at the hotel.
在我们到达酒店之前，他们已经吃过早饭了。
②She hadn't finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
今天早上十点之前她还没有写完作文。
3．过去完成时的主要用法
(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束。如：
①Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.
在她有机会说再见前，他已经走进了大楼。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)
②When I got to the cinema, the movie had already begun.
当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
③By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
当我到达学校时，老师已经收了数学作业。
④We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
在上学期期末之前我们已经学了两千多个英语单词了。
(2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
①He told me that he had written a new book.
他告诉我他已写了一本新书。(written发生在told之前)
②She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她以前看过这部电影。(seen发生在said之前)
(3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already, yet, still, just, before, never等时间副词及by (by the time), before, until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：
①Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
在她来中国之前，格蕾斯在一所中学教英语已有五年了。
②Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
到他十岁时，彼得已经收集了300多张中国邮票。
③She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.
她说她已在那家医院工作二十年了。
(4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到过去的这个时间。如：
①By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
到去年年底，他在这个工厂工作已经有二十年了。
②I met my English teacher on the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since I finished school.
我昨天在街上碰到了我的英语老师。自从我毕业以来我们还没有见过。
【典例分析】
1．He _______ foreigners in his cafe before, so he didn’t know how to serve the American family.
A. had rarely had B. had had rarely C. rarely had D. had rarely
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：由关键词before可知没有外国人来他的咖啡店发生在第二句之前，应该使用完成时。副词rarely要放在助动词和行为动词之间。句意：以前没有外国人来他的咖啡店，所以他不知道怎么给美国家庭提供服务。
考点：考查动词的时态。
2.The student told me that he _______ the exam _______.
A. has had; yesterday B. had; the day before yesterday
C. had had; the day before D. had had; yesterday
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：学生告诉我他已经在前天考完了。这里told发生在过去，考试是在告诉以前发生的，故 用过去完成时，与它连用的时间状语是the day before, the day before yesterday和yesterday都与过去式连用。 故选C。
3. She ___lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意:她已经住这几年。此题考查过去完成时for+时间段，应用延续性谓语动词，故选A。
4.The meeting ________ by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我昨天到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
本题考查动词辨析和时态。was on是一般过去时，是延续性动词；has been on是现在完成时，是延续性动词；had begun是过去完成时，是瞬间性动词；has begun on是现在完成时。这里没有必要加on，如果后面有时间段就用had been on；故排除D；根据by the time I got there yesterday可知，此处表示在过去某时之前，已经发生的事，用过去完成时，表示我到达之前会议已经开始了，因此用过去完成时。故选C。
5. By the end of last month, I _____ all the CDs of Justin Bieber.
A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected
【答案】D
【解析】考查点：过去完成时的用法。 解题思路：此处by意为“到…为止”，该句意为“到上个月末为止，我已经将Justin Bieber全部的CD收集起来”，表示“动作从过去已经开始一直持续到过去某个时间”，故要使用过去完成时，答案选D；
6.—Did you see Mrs. Lee in the meeting room
—No. When I got there, she ________ another meeting.
A. had left for B. had left to
C. was leaving for D. was leaving to
【答案】A
【解析】句意：—你在会议室看见李老师吗？ —没有。当我到那里时，她已经动身去下一场会议了。
考查动词过去完成时。had left for已经动身往某地，是过去完成时；had left to 过去完成时，介词不对；was leaving for正要动身前往某地，是过去进行时；was leaving to是过去进行时，根据前面否定回答可知李老师已经赶往下一场会议，用过去完成时，故选A。
7.—You didn’t watch the movie
—Yes, but by the time I ______ to the cinema, the movie ______ for several minutes.
A. got; has begun B. got; had been on
C. got; had begun D. got; has been on
【答案】B
【解析】句意：-你没有看这部电影吗？-不，我看了，但是当我到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始好几分钟了。got到达，过去式；has begun现在完成时；had been on过去完成时，系表结构；had begun过去完成时；has been on现在完成时。结合本题语境可知，在我倒电影院之前，电影已经开始几分钟了。当by the time后的从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时，再结合for several minutes可知，要用延续性的had been on。故选B。
8.By the time I up, my brother into the bathroom. I had to wait for him.
A. wake; went B. woke; has gone C. woke; had gone D. wake; has gone
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当我醒来时，我弟弟已经进了浴室，我不得不等他。by the time 到……时，根据句子“I had to wait for him.”的时态判断，此处by the time后跟一般过去时态的句子，排除A,D；第二空，“我弟弟进入浴室”发生在我“醒来”之前，故用过去完成时。答案为C。
9.She told me that she ________ a cold for three days.
A. has caught B. had had
C. has had D. had caught
【答案】B
【解析】句意：她告诉我她得感冒三天了。
考查动词过去完成时态用法。has caught是非延续性动词catch的现在完成时；had had已经患了某种病一段时间，是延续性动词的过去完成时；has had是延续性动词的现在完成时；had caught非延续性动词catch的过去完成时。非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间连用，后面的for three days是一段时间，排除A和D；根据主句动词told是一般过去时，可知宾语从句的动作是过去的过去，用过去完成时had had，故选B。
10.—Two cups of milk tea, please!
—Sorry, but we ________. How about juice
A. will sell out B. had sold out C. have sold out D. sell out
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——请来两杯奶茶。——抱歉，但是我们已经卖光了，果汁行吗？
考查动词时态。will sell out一般将来时；had sold out过去完成时表示“过去的过去”这里没有强调；have sold out现在完成时； sell out一般现在时。根据句意，可知此处表示“已经卖光”，应该用现在完成时，故选C。
本单元的写作话题是“叙述过去突发的事件”。主要谈论在过去发生的令人意外的事情，此话题涉及的内容较多,可以叙述发生在自己身上的事,也可以叙述自己看到的事情。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:
1.能够正确使用一般过去时和过去完成时叙述自己的亲身经历;
2.能够适当表达自己的感受和发表相应的观点;
3.能够掌握不同文体的写作格式。
二、写作方法
“两态一线法”写“过去发生的事件类”作文
“两态”指写作时主要运用两种时态：一般过去时和过去完成时
“一线”指以发生在过去的事情为主线
三、素材积累
Ⅰ.高频短语
1.在……以前
2.(闹钟)发出响声
3.捎……一程
4.即将做某事
5.与……成一排
6.怀疑地;疑惑地
7.变成
8.熬夜
9.卖光
10.最终成为;最后处于
Ⅱ.经典句型
11.当我到达学校的时候,我意识到我把我的背包落在家里了。(when)
12.当我回到学校时,(上课)铃声已经响了。(by the time)
13.在我到达公共汽车站之前,公共汽车已经离开了。(before)
14.到那天结束之前,一万多人给电视台打电话,询问如何得到这种水。(by the end of…)
15.我正要上楼,这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。(be about to…)
Ⅲ.典句仿写
16.When he got up, his brother had gotten in the shower.
仿句:当我醒来的时候,已经是7点10分了。
17.By the time Lucy walked into the classroom, the teacher had already started teaching.
仿句:当我到那里时,校车已经开走了。
18.She had to stay at home because of her illness.
仿句:我不得不步行去学校。
19.When he got home, he found that he had left his schoolbag in the music room.
仿句:当老师要我的作业时,我发现我把它落在家里了。
【实战演练】
同学们，还记得曾经令你觉得尴尬、倒霉、沮丧的一天吗？请你根据以下提示内容，以“What an Unforgettable Day”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，叙述这段经历及当时的感受。不可逐字逐句翻译。
提示：1.上个暑假我去看望爷爷奶奶，要去火车站时发现手机和身份证落在床上；
2．到火车站晚了两个小时；
3．在候车室等车时，钱包被偷了；
4．在警察的帮助下到了爷爷奶奶家；
5．感受。
What an Unforgettable Day ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【语料积累】
Ⅰ.1.by the time… 2.go off 3.give…a lift 4.be about to do sth.
5.in line with 6.in disbelief 7.turn into 8.stay up 9.sell out 10.end up
Ⅱ.11.When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
12.By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung.
13.Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
14.By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had phoned the TV station to find out how to get this water.
15.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
Ⅲ.16.When I woke up, it was already 7:10.
17.By the time I got there, the school bus had already gone.
18.I had to walk to school.
19.When the teacher asked for my homework, I found that I had left it at home.
【答案】例文
What an Unforgettable Day
Last summer vacation I decided to visit my grandparents because I hadn't seen them for many years.
That day when I was about to leave for the train station，I found I had left my ID card and mobile phone on the bed. After I got to the train station，I found I had arrived at the station two hours late. While I was waiting in the waiting room，a woman came and asked me if I could help her look after her two boys for a while. I agreed and we played games until the woman came back.
After they left，I found my wallet had been stolen. I called the police right away. They told me that the woman had cheated me. That made me really disappointed and worried. Finally，I got to my grandparents' home with the help of the police.
It is a lesson to me. But I think we still should keep a kind heart.
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
2Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
模块小结
【精讲精练】
要点1 take off
take off意为“起飞”。例如：
When will the plane take off 飞机什么时候起飞？
【拓展】
(1) take off还可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为put on，意为“穿上”。例如：
Put on your clothes. Don’t take them off. 把衣服穿上，别脱下。
(2) 常见的含有take的词组：
take turns轮流 take away拿走 take out拿出，取出
take over接手，接管 take notes 做笔记 take care当心，注意
take care of 照顾 take photos 照相 take it easy别紧张
【典例分析】
一、用take构成的短语完成句子
1.他长得像他父亲
He__________ _______ his father
2.母亲把我们的盘子拿走，回来拿一些水果给我们吃
Mother _________our plates __________and came back with some fruit for us to eat.
3.那首曲子把我带回到童年时代
That music ________ me________ to my childhood.
4.我们需要把窗帘拿下来清洗下
We need to _________ __________ the curtains to be cleaned.
5. 如果你有钢笔，可以把我的电话号码记下来
If you have a pen, you can ________ _________ my phone number.
6.这种布料吸水性很好。
This kind of cloth _______ _______water very well.
7.飞往曼谷的航班准时起飞。
The flight for Bangkok ________ ________ on time.
8.天气太热了，所以我把夹克衫脱掉了
It was hot, so I________ my jacket __________.
9.她请两天假来照顾她奶奶。
She __________two days _________school to _________ _________ _________his grandma.
10.请在整个房子有臭味前把垃圾清除出去
Please _________ ________the trash before the whole house starts to smell.
11.自从他挂了之后，他的儿子就接管了他的公司。
His son has ________ ________ his company since he died。
12. 有关金融的书籍占用了三个书架
The books on finance_______ ________ three shelves.
13.The plane to Chengdu just now．You have to wait until tomorrow．
A. took off B. took after C. took out D. took away
14.I shall not ________ much of your time.
A. take in B. take off C. take up D. take away
要点2 by the end of /by the time
by the end of意为“到……末为止”，其后只能接时间，可用于将来时或过去完成时。例如：
We’re going to finish it by the end of this week.
到本周末，我们将完成这项工作。
【拓展】
(1) at the end of意为“在……末端，在……尽头”，可以表示时间，也可以表示地点。例如：
at the end of January在一月底 （表示时间）
at the end of the street在街道末端（表示地点）
(2) in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如：
Our team beat theirs in the end. 最后，我们队战胜了他们队。
by the time的意思是“到……时间为止”，强调时间的截止，引导时间状语从句。By the time＋过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时，表示在从句谓语动作前已经完成。例如：
By the time I got there, the bus had already left.
不晚于我到那里时，公共汽车已经开走了。
（2）当时间状语为by the end of last month/year/week时，主句也用过去完成时。例如：
By the end of last month we had learned 20 English songs.
到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。
【典例分析】
1.史密斯先生的家在这条路的尽头。
Are there any exams ___________ this term
2.这个学期期末有考试吗？
My room is ______________ the corridor.
3.到本学期末为止，我已经学了2000个英语单词。
__________________ this term, we_____________ 2000 English words.
4.他终走到达这条街道的尽头。
__________, he reached_________________ the street.
4. We usually have a final exam ______________________ June every year.
A. in the end of B. at the end of C. by the end of D. to the end of
5.__________, He succeeded in getting the job.
A．in the end B．at the end of C．by the end of D．to the end
6.—What happened, Mike
—________I got to school, the first class had been over.
A. In time B. On time C. By the time D. At that time
7.By the time school ________ over, the rain ________.
So I didn't use my raincoat.
A. had been; stopped B. was; has stopped
C. had been; had stopped D. was; had stopped
要点3 go off
go off 意为“发出响声”。例如：
The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。
My alarm clock didn’t go off. 我的闹钟没有响。
【拓展】go off的其他用法：
（1）意为“离开，走掉，走散”例如：
Don’t go off the main road, or you’ll be lost. 不要离开大路，否则会迷路的。
（2）go off 意为“变质，变坏”。例如：
Milk goes off quickly in the hot weather. 牛奶在热天很容易变坏。
（3）go off 意为“（电灯）熄灭，（电）中断”。例如：
There was a power cut and all of the lights went off.
停电了，所有的灯熄灭了。
【典例分析】
1.我的闹钟没有响。
My alarm clock didn’t ____________.
2.他匆匆走掉了。
He ____________in a hurry.
3.你们一定不要独自离开。
You mustn't ________ ________ ______ _____ _____．
4. He in a great hurry after he answered the phone
A. gave off B. put off C. went off D. took off
5.I was late ________ school this morning, because my alarm clock didn't .
A. to；go off B. for；go off C. to；go out D. for；go out
要点4 be full of
be full of 意为“充满的”，侧重指状态。例如：
The room is full of young people. = The room is filled with young people.
房间里全是年轻人。
【拓展】
be filled with意为“装满……；充满……”，和be full of 同义，但是更侧重动作。其主动形式为：fill with，意为“把……装满”。例如：
Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
【典例分析】
1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
3.The journey was _______ interesting experiences.
A. full of B. afraid of C. careful of D. made of
4.If you read a lot, your life will be full pleasure.
A. by B. of C. for D. with
5.正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”
As president Xi says ,“If we are ___________ energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”
要点5 leave
leave作动词，意为“离开(某处)”，常与for连用，后接要去的地方。leave的过去式和过去分词都是left。例如：
He is leaving for Beijing next week. 他下周打算离开去北京。
Mr. Smith left the room at two o’clock. 史密斯先生两点离开房间。
【拓展】
（1）leave还意为“离开(某人)的身边;离弃”。例如：
Her husband has left her. 她的丈夫把她遗弃了。
（2）动词短语leave something at/in ＋表示地点的名词，意为“把某物忘在某地”。例如：
I left my key at home. 我把钥匙忘在家里了。
Tom left his English book at school, so he didn’t do his homework.
汤姆把英语书落在学校了，所以没有做英语作业。
（3) leave还意为“听任,使处于某种状态”。例如：
He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。
【辨析】
leave和forget
leave和forget两者都是动词，都含有“忘记” 的意思。表示把某物“落在某地方”用leave，如果无具体地点，则用forget。例如：
He said that he had left his book in the classroom.
他说他把书落在教室里了。
I never forget her. 我永远也忘不了她。
【典例分析】
1.Hey, boys, don’t ______ anything on the boat, take ______ with you.
A. forget, everything B. leave, something C. forget, something D. leave, everything
2.Don’t forget ___the lights when you leave.
A. to turn on B. turn on C. to turn off D. turning off
3.—What's wrong with you
—By the time I got to school，I realized I had ________ my English book at home.
A. left B. forgotten C. took D. brought
4.—Sorry, Mr. Green. I have ________ my homework at home.
—Never mind. But don't forget ________ it to the school tomorrow.
A. left; bring B. forget; to bring C. left; to bring D. forgot; bringing
要点6 show up
show up动词短语，意为“出席，露面”。例如：
Most of people invited didn’t show up. 被邀请的人大部分还未到。
To my surprise, she failed to show up. 令我吃惊的是，她未能出席。
【拓展】
show的常用短语：
（1）show sb. around 带某人参观 例如：
I’ll show you around so that you can meet everyone.
我会带你到各处看看,好让你和大家见见面。
（2）show off 炫耀 例如：
Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
那些男孩们老向女孩卖弄他们的运动技巧。
（3）show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 例如：
My friend showed me a picture book.
我的朋友出示我一本漂亮的图册。
（4）on show 陈列，展出 例如：
The photographs are on show at the museum until October.
照片在博物馆展出到十月。
【典例分析】
1.Please show me your new sweater.（同义改写）
=Please ___________ your new sweater__________ __________.
2.你让我看一下你的新表好吗 （翻译）
3.我等了他很长时间，但是他还没有出现。（翻译）
4.他昨天带我参观了他们的学校。（翻译）
5.很多花在展出，我们去看一看吧！（翻译）
1.用show up、show around show off on show填空
1）I’ll _______ you ________so that you can meet everyone.
2）Most of people invited didn’t _________ __________.
3）Those boys always ________ __________their sports skills to the girls.
4）The photographs are _________ ________at the museum until October.
2.Please show me your new sweater.（同义改写）
=Please ___________ your new sweater__________ __________.
3.你让我看一下你的新表好吗 （翻译）
4.我等了他很长时间，但是他还没有出现。（翻译）
5.他昨天带我参观了他们的学校。（翻译）
6.很多花在展出，我们去看一看吧！（翻译）
7.—Wang Lin, thank you for me around the Bird's Nest.
—You’re welcome.
A. getting B. looking C. showing D. bringing
8. —It is said that Jay Chou sang his latest song in the concert.
—That’s impossible. In fact, he had never _____by the time the concert ended.
A. put up B. set up C. fixed up D. shown up
要点7 keep
（1) keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如：
Could you keep these letters for me, please
你能替我保存这些信吗？
I’ll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。
Can you keep a secret 你能保守秘密吗？
（2) keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。 例如：
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。
（3）keep的常用句型：
1) keep doing sth. 意为 “继续干某事”，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。例如：
He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.
他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。
2）keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。 例如：
The pupil kept on asking me the same question.
这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。例如：
3) keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：
The heavy snow kept us from going out.
大雪阻止了我们出去。
拓展： keep构成的短语
keep doing sth 一直做某事
keep sb/sth doing sth 使某人/某事一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep up with 跟上
keep in mind 记住
keep in touch with 保持联络
keep on 继续
【典例分析】
1. 你认为我们青少年应该远离网络吗
Do you think we teenagers should __________ _____________ __________ the Internet
2. 使劲跑，别停！
Just __________ __________, don’t stop!
3. 我们要尽力保持卧室清洁整齐。
We should try to __________ the bedroom __________ and tidy.
4. 对不起，让你久等了。
I’m sorry for keeping you __________ for such a long time.
5. 疾风阻止我们去上学。
The strong wind keeps us __________ __________ to school.
6.这条白线是用来警告人们不许靠近的。
The white line is used for _________ _________ _____________.
7.为了学好英语，你必须用英语写日记。
In order to learn English well, you must _____________ _________ __________ in English.
8.记得经常保持联络。
Remember_________ _________ _______ ________ _________each other often.
9.别掉队，跟上别人！
Don’t fall behind,________ ________ _________ others.
10.我们要将安全永远放在心上。
We must ________ safety ___________ _________ forever.
11.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
12.The flies are so terrible. Please ________．
A. keep it away B. keep them away
C. keep away them D. keep away it
13. As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others_________ for a long time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting
要点8
1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。它们共同特点是：都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：
What happened to you on the road yesterday
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
(2) happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody 表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen to do something＝do something by accident 表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如：
An accident happened to him after drinking too much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet your mother yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
3.昨天我在武汉碰巧看见他。(翻译句子)
4. An earthquake __________________ when people were sleeping at night.
A. happened B. took place C. had D. appeared
5. I happened _________________ a little cat on my way home from school.
A. saving B. to save C. on saving D. saved
6. Great changes _________________________ in my hometown, I was nearly lost in the street.
A. happened B. appear C. took place D. showed
7. Great changes ________ in my hometown since three years ago.
A. were taken place B. have taken place C. took place D. have been taken place
要点9
as是连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如：
We walked into the garden as the music stopped.
音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。
【拓展】
as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下：
(1) as作连词：
1) “像……一样、如……”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如：
I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。
You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。
2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如：
As we are both tired, let’s stop to have a rest.
既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。
3) “正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
(2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如：
I work in Beijing as a guider 我在北京当导游。
（3）as. . . as还可用在某些固定结构中:
as. . . as possible/sb. can 尽可能……
as long as 只要
as far as 至于……; 就……来说
as soon as 一……就
【典例分析】
1. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
2. As soon as the rain ______, they will go out to pick apples.
A. stops B. stopped C. will stop D. is stopping
3. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
4.只要努力了，你就会成功！
_________ ________ _______ you work hard, you will succeed!
5.他一看到我，就向我问好。
_________ __________ ______he saw me, he said hello to me.
6.为了学习好英语，你要尽可能多的记单词。
In order to study English well, you should remember English words ________ _________ _______ _________.
7.她英语说得和你一样好。
She speaks English _________ ________ ________.
8.指出下面as所表达的意义。
1）The girl dances as she sings on the stage.
2）As time went on / by, she became more and more worried.
3）As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.
4）As a young man, he was active in sports.
5）As you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.
要点10 alive, living 与live
1. alive 主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。
注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：
He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。
2. living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：
Are your grandparents still living？ 你的祖父母还健在吗？
alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人？
正：Who is the greatest living poet？
正：Who is the greatest poet alive？
若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：
He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。
3. live 通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：
He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。
Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着
【典例分析】
1. Among all the ______ things on the planet, adult giraffes have the longest necks.
A. live B. living C. alive D. lively
2. Jade _____ a lonely life, though he never feels that bad.
A. lively B. alive C. lives D. living
3.Mo yan is one of the greatest________ writers. He is still________.
A. living；alive B. living；live C. alive；living
4. Mr. Zhang always has a way to make his class and interesting.
A. lovely B. lively C. alive D. living
6.All the _________ things need air and water. Without air or water, nothing can stay _______.
A. living; living B. living; alive C. alive; alive D. alive; living
7.While person is asleep, a part of his brain is still ________.
A. alive B. live C. lively D. living
8.选词填空(lively, alive, live)。
1）.Please tell me, Mr. Smith, how do you keep your golden fish __________
2）.Although he was very old, he was a very __________ gentleman.
3）.Everyone is surprised to see Tom but they are also pleased to see him______.
4）.Mr. Zhang has been made the most popular teacher in our school this year.
—He always has a way to make his class ______and interesting.
要点11
hundreds of 数百的，数以百计的
Those mountains are hundreds of metres high.那些山有数百米高。
【重点】hundreds of 后接复数名词形式。
They plant hundreds of trees every year. 他们每年种几百棵树。
【难点】当hundred前有具体的数词修饰，即表示确切的数目时，hundred只能用单数形式，且不与of连用。另外，hundred前也可用some, several, many等表示不确定的数目的词修饰。
Two hundred students attended the contest. 两百名学生参加了此次比赛。
【拓展】与hundred用法类似的还有thousand, million等。
thousands of数千的 three thousand 三千
【典例分析】
1.—________ is the population of China, Jack —Let me think for a moment, it is about ________.
A. How many；1，400 million B. What；1，400 million
C .What；140 million D. How many；140 million
2. It is reported that there are over ______ koalas dying in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia.
A. thousands of B. 8 thousands C. 8 thousands of D. 8 thousand
2. It is reported that nearly _________ foreign kids joined a British boarding school last year，and a third of them came from China．
A. nine thousand B. nine thousands C. nine thousand of D. nine thousands of
3. birds have come back because the environment here becomes better and better.
A. Thousands of B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands
4. It is reported that there are over ______ koalas dying in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia.
A. thousands of B. 8 thousands C. 8 thousands of D. 8 thousand
5.The government of Chongqing is building ________ cheap and good houses for the people.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
要点12 marry
married 意为“已婚的，结婚的”，在句子中常作表语。常用于词组be /get married to sb. 意为“与某人结婚”。 get married 强调的是短暂性动作，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用; 表示结婚已有一段时间用be married。
例如：
They have been married for ten years. 他们已经结婚十年了。
Alice was married to a doctor last month. 上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。
【拓展】
married的动词形式是marry, 其常见用法如下：
（1）marry sb. = get married to sb. 意为“与……结婚”。例如：
John married Mary last week. 上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
（2）marry sb. to sb. 意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：
She married her daughter to a businessman. 她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
（3）marry 一般不与介词with 连用。例如：
她和一位英国人结了婚。
【误】She married with an Englishman.
【正】She married an Englishman.
【正】She was / got married to an Englishman.
【典例分析】
1.去年她嫁给了一个士兵。
She __________ a soldier last year.
=She ______ ________ ___ a soldier last year.
2.他已经和玛丽结婚一年了。
He ____ ______ _________ ___ Mary for one year.
3.—How long ________ they ________
—For about 10 years.
A. have; married B. have; been married
C. were; married D. did; marry
4.My grandparents _________ for fifty years and they love each other very much.
A. have got married B. got married C. have been married D. have married
5.She ____________ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
A. married B. has been married C. got married D. has got married
要点13
empty (adj.)空的；空闲的
(v.) 排空；倒出
1.作形容词，常用表语或定语，此时其反义词是full。
例句：He took his empty coffee cup back to the counter.
他把空咖啡杯送回到柜台。
We walked in the empty street.
我们走在空旷的街上。
2.作动词，后常接宾语，此时其反义词是fill。
例句：He emptied his tool bag.
他腾出自己的工具袋。
She emptied the box. 她倒空了箱子。
【典例分析】
1.Can you help me ______ the box and I want to use it to carry my clothes
A． empty B． emptied C． emptying D． empties
要点14
be about to do sth...when We were about to start when it began to rain.
4).sb. had hardly/scarcely/barely done sth... when
We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang.
另：be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。
【典例分析】
1.She looked as if she ________ cry.
A．was about B．was about to C．is about to D．is about
2. 不要着急! 公交车马上就到。
Take it easy! The bus is __________ __________arrive.
3.It's half past six now. We are about ________.
A. leaving B. to leaving C. to leave D. to left
要点15
even though/even if都可引导让步状语从句，都不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。even though和even if一般可互换。语气比though/although强烈。
He won't tell me about the news even though/even if he knows it.即使他知道这消息，他也不会告诉我的
【典例分析】
根据汉语完成句子。
1.即使知道是无望的，我也坚持尝试。
I kept on trying, ______ _________ I knew it was hopeless.
2.尽管雨下得很大，农民们仍然在农场里工作。
__________ ___________it’s raining hard, the farmers are still working on the farm.
3.Many children ask their parents to give money to charity buy them snacks.
A. later on B. even though C. rather than D. in order to
4. I don't like eating vegetables________ I know they are good for my health.
A. since B. even though
C. because D. as soon as
要点16
end up意为“结束，告终"，后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示“最
终成为；最终处于".其后加介词with构成短语end up with中，表示“以......结束/告终"，此时up可以省略。
例：If he keeps drinking so much，hell end up ill.
如果他继续喝这么多酒，总有一天会生病的，
I ended up doing all the work myself. 结果所有的工作都是我一个人干了.
The party ended up with a song. 晚会以一首歌曲结束，
知识拓展
end up as...最后成为......
end up like...最后像......一样
例：He worked very hard and ended up as a famous scientist
他非常努力，最终成了一位著名的科学家。
Try to keep healthy. I don't want you to end up like that.
努力保持健康，我不想你最后落得那样的情况。
【典例分析】
1.When Jenny practices speaking Chinese, she often ends up English because she is afraid of making mistakes in grammar.
A. speaking B. speak C.to speak D. spoken
2.His story always ________ very funny.
A. end up with B. end up being
C. ends up with D. ends up being
要点17
“so + 形容词/副词 + that + 从句”； so…that 意思是“如此…以至于…”
拓展：如果名词被many, much, few, little等词修饰，则名词前不用such而用so。
【典例分析】
1.—What do you think of the new movie Wandering Earth（《流浪地球》） （2019年湖北黄冈）
—It’s____ wonderful I really like it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
2. He has to earn lots of money _____ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.
A. so that B. such that C. that D. in order
3.Santaishan Forest Park is __________ beautiful that it has become a hot tourist attraction. （2019，江苏宿迁卷）
A. so B. very C. such D. quite
4. I’ve had _______ many falls that I am black and blue all over.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
5. The camera is _______ expensive _______ I can’t afford it.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to
6. It was ______ yesterday that they went out for a picnic.
A. a such fine day B. such a fine day C. so a fine day D. a so fine day
7.Jim is so young that he can’t look after himself. (改为同义句)
①Jim is __________young __________look after himself.
1 Jim is __________ old __________ __________ look after himself.
要点18
fool 愚弄； 俊瓜
①fool用作可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”，复数形式为fools，常用短语：make fool of...意为“取笑......，捉弄......".
例： I felt such a fool when I realized my mistake.
当我意识到自己的错误时，我才感觉自己真是一个傻瓜。
Are you trying to make fool of me 你想患弄我吗
②fool 用作动词，意为“愚弄，欺哄"。
例： Don't be fooled by the salesman. 不要被这个推销员欺骗了。
用法 例句
及物动词，意为“愚弄；欺骗”，fool sb. into doing sth. 意为“欺骗某人做某事” He fooled me into giving him money.
可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”, make a fool of sb.意为“取笑某人，捉弄某人” Don’t make a fool of her.
fool的形容词为foolish，意为“患蠢的，荒谬的"。
例： I was foolish enough to believe what he said.
我太愚蠢了，竟然相信他说的话，
辨析：fool, foolish, stupid与silly
词语 用法 例句
fool 作动词，意为“愚弄；欺骗”，指利用人缺乏意识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。 Don’t fool your parents.
作名词，意为“傻瓜” What a fool I was to think that it was true.
foolish “愚蠢的”，强调不聪明的 It was very foolish of you to park the car near the bus stop.
stupid “欠考虑的，糊涂的”，强调没有判断力的 Frank didn’t get any education, but he was far from stupid.
silly “愚蠢的，傻的”，强调不明事理的，没头脑的 You are silly to take salt as sugar.
要点19 oversleep
oversleep 意为“睡过头”，它的过去式和过去分词都是overslept。例如：
I overslept and missed the school bus. 我睡过了头，没赶上学校班车。
【拓展】
某些词前缀over，表示“超过, 优越, 过度等”。
overage 过老的
overtime 超出时间的
overwork 过度工作
overdo 做得过分
I think the work is overdone. 我觉得这工作做过头了。
She overdressed herself today. 她今天打扮过头了。
【典例分析】
1.—Why were you late for school this morning
—Because my alarm clock didn't go off and I ________.
A. overslept B. completed C. changed D. missed
要点20
above在此处为介词，意为“在......上面”。
例: The plane flew above the clouds飞机在云层上方飞行。
用法 例句
介词，意为“在...上面”，表示不与参照物接触。 Above the desk is a beautiful picture.
副词，“在上方，在上面” Try to spell the words above.
辨析:above, on 与 over
above “在......上面”，表示两者不接触，也不垂直，与 below (在下面)相对
on “在......上面”，指两者表面接触，与beneath(在......下面)相 对
over “在......正上方”，表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩/覆盖 在上面”，与under(在...正下方)相对
词语 意义 反义词 用法 例句
above 在...上 below 不接触，不垂直 The moon was above the trees.
（价格、温度等）高于 The temperature will stay above zero in the day time.
on 在...上面 beneath 接触 There is an apple on the table.
over 在...上面 under 不接触，垂直 The light is over my head.
例:There is a plane above the tree.树上方有一架飞机。
There is a box on the table.桌上有个盒子。
There is bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
【典例分析】
1. —Is Mount Tai the highest mountain in Shandong
—I think so. It is 1，545 meters ________ sea level.
A. under B. above C. past D. along
3．The little boy hid himself ________ the door to give his sister a surprise.
A．behind B．above C．across D．under
3.选词填空：above/on/over
1）The plane is flying _____ the clouds.
2）There are five books _____ the desk.
3）There is a bridge _____ the river.
4）I hope the price of the dress will not be____$20.
【重点词组】
1. be full of the unexpected 充满了出乎意料的事情
2. go off (闹钟)发出响声
3. rush out of the door 冲出门
4. give sb. a lift 捎某人一程
5. be about to do sth.即将做某事
6. wait in line 排队等候
7. hand in 上交
8. in disbelief难以置信地
9. feel lucky to be alive 为还活着感到幸运
10. think to oneself 自思自忖
11. hear about听说
12. turn into变成
13. show up 出现；露面
14. invite sb.to a costume party 邀请某人去化装舞会
15. make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人
16. sb. feel(s) embarrassed 某人感到窘迫
17. takes place发生
18. play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other互相开各种玩笑
19. sell out 卖光
20. lose weight减肥
【重点句式】
1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
我起床时，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
2. As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound．
当我正在和其他办公室工作人员排队等候时，我听到一声巨响。
3. Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on the first plane had already hit my office building
我还没有来得及加入外面的人群弄清楚正在发生什么事，第一架飞机已经撞上了我办公室的大楼。
4. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building．
我们直愣愣地盯着燃烧着的大楼上升起的黑烟。
5. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
我正要上去(我的办公室)时，突然决定先去买杯咖啡。
6. My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了一件好事。
7. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country
韦尔斯使他的话听起来如此逼真，以至于数以百计的人相信了这个故事，恐惧在整个国家蔓延。
知识要点二 语法
过去完成时态
1．概念：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去(past in the past)”。
2．构成：
过去完成时由“助动词(had)＋过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称，否定式为“had not＋过去分词”，had not可缩写为hadn't。如：
①They had already had breakfast before we arrived at the hotel.
在我们到达酒店之前，他们已经吃过早饭了。
②She hadn't finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.
今天早上十点之前她还没有写完作文。
3．过去完成时的主要用法
(1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束。如：
①Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.
在她有机会说再见前，他已经走进了大楼。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)
②When I got to the cinema, the movie had already begun.
当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
③By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.
当我到达学校时，老师已经收了数学作业。
④We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
在上学期期末之前我们已经学了两千多个英语单词了。
(2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：
①He told me that he had written a new book.
他告诉我他已写了一本新书。(written发生在told之前)
②She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她以前看过这部电影。(seen发生在said之前)
(3)过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already, yet, still, just, before, never等时间副词及by (by the time), before, until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：
①Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
在她来中国之前，格蕾斯在一所中学教英语已有五年了。
②Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
到他十岁时，彼得已经收集了300多张中国邮票。
③She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.
她说她已在那家医院工作二十年了。
(4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到过去的这个时间。如：
①By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
到去年年底，他在这个工厂工作已经有二十年了。
②I met my English teacher on the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since I finished school.
我昨天在街上碰到了我的英语老师。自从我毕业以来我们还没有见过。
【典例分析】
1．He _______ foreigners in his cafe before, so he didn’t know how to serve the American family.
A. had rarely had B. had had rarely C. rarely had D. had rarely
2.The student told me that he _______ the exam _______.
A. has had; yesterday B. had; the day before yesterday
C. had had; the day before D. had had; yesterday
3. She ___lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
4.The meeting ________ by the time I got there yesterday.
A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun on
5. By the end of last month, I _____ all the CDs of Justin Bieber.
A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected
6.—Did you see Mrs. Lee in the meeting room
—No. When I got there, she ________ another meeting.
A. had left for B. had left to
C. was leaving for D. was leaving to
7.—You didn’t watch the movie
—Yes, but by the time I ______ to the cinema, the movie ______ for several minutes.
A. got; has begun B. got; had been on
C. got; had begun D. got; has been on
8.By the time I up, my brother into the bathroom. I had to wait for him.
A. wake; went B. woke; has gone C. woke; had gone D. wake; has gone
9.She told me that she ________ a cold for three days.
A. has caught B. had had
C. has had D. had caught
10.—Two cups of milk tea, please!
—Sorry, but we ________. How about juice
A. will sell out B. had sold out C. have sold out D. sell out
本单元的写作话题是“叙述过去突发的事件”。主要谈论在过去发生的令人意外的事情，此话题涉及的内容较多,可以叙述发生在自己身上的事,也可以叙述自己看到的事情。在具体的写作中,学生应做到以下几点:
1.能够正确使用一般过去时和过去完成时叙述自己的亲身经历;
2.能够适当表达自己的感受和发表相应的观点;
3.能够掌握不同文体的写作格式。
二、写作方法
“两态一线法”写“过去发生的事件类”作文
“两态”指写作时主要运用两种时态：一般过去时和过去完成时
“一线”指以发生在过去的事情为主线
三、素材积累
Ⅰ.高频短语
1.在……以前
2.(闹钟)发出响声
3.捎……一程
4.即将做某事
5.与……成一排
6.怀疑地;疑惑地
7.变成
8.熬夜
9.卖光
10.最终成为;最后处于
Ⅱ.经典句型
11.当我到达学校的时候,我意识到我把我的背包落在家里了。(when)
12.当我回到学校时,(上课)铃声已经响了。(by the time)
13.在我到达公共汽车站之前,公共汽车已经离开了。(before)
14.到那天结束之前,一万多人给电视台打电话,询问如何得到这种水。(by the end of…)
15.我正要上楼,这时我决定先去买杯咖啡。(be about to…)
Ⅲ.典句仿写
16.When he got up, his brother had gotten in the shower.
仿句:当我醒来的时候,已经是7点10分了。
17.By the time Lucy walked into the classroom, the teacher had already started teaching.
仿句:当我到那里时,校车已经开走了。
18.She had to stay at home because of her illness.
仿句:我不得不步行去学校。
19.When he got home, he found that he had left his schoolbag in the music room.
仿句:当老师要我的作业时,我发现我把它落在家里了。
【实战演练】
同学们，还记得曾经令你觉得尴尬、倒霉、沮丧的一天吗？请你根据以下提示内容，以“What an Unforgettable Day”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，叙述这段经历及当时的感受。不可逐字逐句翻译。
提示：1.上个暑假我去看望爷爷奶奶，要去火车站时发现手机和身份证落在床上；
2．到火车站晚了两个小时；
3．在候车室等车时，钱包被偷了；
4．在警察的帮助下到了爷爷奶奶家；
5．感受。
What an Unforgettable Day ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思维导图
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式。
知识要点二：语法
知识要点三：书面表达
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