Unit1 Past and present
词形转化: wife (复数) ----- wives shelf (复数)---- shelves ( 但是giraffe 例外,giraffes )
north 北方/部n. ----- northern 北方/部的adj. marry 结婚/嫁/娶v.---- married 已婚/结婚的a.
pollute 污染vt. ----- pollution 污染(物)n.----- polluted 被污染的a. possible ---- impossible
communicate 交流/交际v.----communication 交流n. exact 精确的----exactly (答语)正是/没错
stomach(胃)-----stomachs (Czech(捷克人)-----Czechs) sandwich(三明治) ------ sandwiches (多+es)
A. Comic strip& Welcome to the unit
1.短语及固定搭配
1. share sth with sb 与某人分享某物 2.在不同时期 at different times 3.环游城市 go around the city
4. used to do sth 过去常常做某事,曾经做某事 used to be + 名词/形容词 ------- 过去是….. / 过去……
You used to share food with me . 你过去常常和我分享食物。 You used to be so kind to me . 你过去对我那么好。
骑自行车上学 go to school by bike = go to school on a / one’s bike = ride a bike to school
乘公交车上学 go to school by bus = go to school on a bus = take a bus to school
乘出租车/地铁/大巴/火车/飞机/小汽车 by taxi / understand / coach / train / plane / car
步行去… go to ….. on foot = walk to….. 6.等下一班公交车要花很长时间。It took a long time to wait for the next bus . (补充:be / get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 be used to do sth / be used for doing sth 被用来做某事)
B. Reading
1.短语及固定搭配
1.自那时起,自那以后 since then 2.自我出生以来since I was born 两年 since 2 years ago = for 2 years
3.搬家move house 搬走 move away 4. 在城镇的北面 in the northern part of town = in the north of town
5.对……非常了解 know ... well 钢铁厂a steel factory 6.过去这些年来 over the years
7. 在镇中心 in the town centre = in the centre of town 8.把废弃物排入河中put the waste into the river 9.在某种程度上,在某些方面 in some ways 10.打牌和下棋 play cards and Chinese chess
11.采取行动做某事 take action to do sth 采取行动改善这种情况 take action to improve the situation
12.像从前一样经常 as often as before 13.不时,有时,偶尔from time to time = sometimes
14.把……变成…… turn …… into…… / change .... into .... 补充:变成…… change / turn into……
15.搬到两个街区外 move two blocks away 16.感到有点孤独 feel a little lonely
17.采访某人 have an interview with sb. = interview sb. 18.终生,一生 all one’s life
marry sb嫁给某人,娶某人
get married 结婚 他和于凤结婚两年了。
19. get / be married to sb 与某人结婚 He has been married to Yu Feng for two years . 或
be married (状态)已婚的 He got married to Yu Feng two years ago .
Grammar 现在完成时
构成:have/has +V-过去分词 have not = haven’t has not = hasn’t
基本句式 肯定句:have /has + V-过去分词 否定句:haven’t /hasn’t +V-过去分词
一般疑问句及答句:——Have/has ……+V-ed..... ——Yes……have/has // No……haven’t/hasn’t
用法:(1)强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是影响,不能出现具体时间。
(2)表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态,一直延续到现在,动词要用延续性动词。
和现在完成时连用的时间状语:already 已经 ...yet 还未(否定句)/已经(疑问句) recently 最近 just 刚刚
……before 以前(句末) ...once / many times 一次许/多次 ever 曾经 (一般用于疑问句) so far 到目前为止
in the past / last two years 在过去的两年里 since 自……以来------since he left // since last week / since 2 days ago
过去分词变化----------规则v,过去分词 (同过去式) / 不规则v.过去分词 ( 见课本后附录表P122-123)
与动词原形相同 如come→came→come
与动词过去式相同 如get→got→got
在动词原形后面+en 如eat→ate→eaten
在以e结尾的动词原形后面+n如drive→drove→driven
在动词过去式后面+n 如break→broke →broken
一些特殊的变化 举例略
短语及固定搭配: 1.learn more about Beijing’s past and present 了解更多的关于北京的过去和现在
2.about the changes in Beijing 关于北京的变化 3. teach us a lot about the history of China教我们很多关于中国的历史
4.repair over / more than ten bicycles 修理10多辆自行车 5. since Monday 自周一以来
6.over the past century 在过去的一个世纪里 7. hear about 听说,听到 ( come first / second / third 获第一/二/三名 so many wonderful pictures 那么多精美的图片 )
-------Do you plan to see it again ------ Yes , I’d like to .
We haven’t seen each other since then . 自那以后我们互相就没有见过面。
Zhu Yi has been in the Chinese Figure Skating Team since then / since 2019. (花样滑冰) 朱易自2019年参加了中国花样滑冰队。
D. Integrated skills
1.短语及固定搭配
1.go abroad (with ...) (和....一起)出国/去国外 2. 生活/居住条件 living conditions
3.come back = return 返回 (return to...回到...) return from the USA 从美国回来
4.keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系
补充: lose in touch with sb 与某人失去联系 5.communicate with sb = have communication with sb 与某人交谈
6.travel to and from the town buy bus 乘公共汽车来回镇上 7.另外一个大变化 another big change
8.主要通过电子邮件交流 mainly communicate by email 9.使交流简单多了 make communication much easier
( 本地人 local people 搬进新公寓 move into new flats in the past 在过去 at present 目前/现在
borrow sth from sb ---借进来 lend sth to sb ----借出去 hope(that)+从句 希望……/ hope to do sth希望做某事)
2.句子
1. The Internet makes communication much easier . 网络使交流简单得多。
2. Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years . 星光镇这些年变化巨大。( 同义句-----要背熟练)
=Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town over the years .
= There have been great changes in Starlight Town over the years .
E. study skills
事实和观点
Facts (事实):是对事物的客观陈述,不掺杂任何人的主观感情,意识。
Opinions(观点):观点是从人的一定立场或角度出发, 对事物、事件的看法。 ------- 观点不一定属实
阅读时,要根据不同的文体,用不同的方法分清事实和观点;写作时,我们要学会运用事实来制成自己的观点,使我们的观点更有说服力。
1.短语及固定搭配
1.be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 2.on one’s own = alone = by oneself 亲自
3.spend time on 在……花时间 4. green hills 青山 5. run through ..... 流经.....
2.句子 1. It’s not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly . 快速习惯生活的变化是不容易的。
2.There are green hills all around . A river runs through the centre of town . 四周皆青山。一条河流经镇中心。
F. Task
1.短语及固定搭配
1.两边的绿树 green trees on both sides 在马路两边on both sides of the road / on either / each side of the road
2.一些大的开阔的地方 some large open spaces 3.步行在城里转转 travel / go around the town on foot
4.有他们自己的汽车have their own cars = have cars of their own 5. 过着舒适的生活 enjoy a comfortable life
3.make sb do sth 使某人做某事 make sb /sth+名词 e.g. We made Jack our monitor . 我们选举jack当班长。
( listen to the radio 听收音机 take place 发生,举行
moreover 此外/而且, 表示递进逻辑关系,用于句首和句中,不能用于句末。相当于besides otherwise 否则 = or
However“然而”,是过渡词,表示上下文意思的转折. Therefore“因此”,表示因果关系. = so Anyway无论如何; 至少。 )
2.句子
1.Now the streets are wide and clean with many green trees on both sides .现在街道又宽又干净,两边绿树掩映。
2.Many families even have their own cars . 许多家庭甚至有了私家车。 ( = have cars of their own )
【语法点拨】 -------现在完成时 1.定义 2.用法 3.肯定/否定/一般疑问句 4.常用时间状语
经典句型:1. She has changed a lot so far . 到目前为止她变化很大。-----(她现在和以前不同)
You have just eaten my nice food . 你刚刚吃了我的美食。------ (我的美食没有了)
注:1和2两个句子,为现在完成时的第1种用法,强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的影响或结果,不能出现具体时间。
3.Tom has worked in Nanjing since he came to China . ( 自他来中国以来,表一段时间 )
自Tom来到中国以来他就在南京工作了。 ( work 为延续性动词 )
4.I have repaired more than 10 desks since Tuesday . ( since Tuesday,表一段时间,”自周二以来“ )
自周二以来我已经修理了超过10张课桌了。(修理10多张课桌)(repair 为延续性动词 )
5.We have learnt English for 6 years . ( = since 6 years ago 表一段时间 )我们学了6年英语了。
注:3,4,5三个句子,为现在完成时的第2种用法,表动作发生在过去但是一直持续到现在,(并和一段时间连用)而且有可能继续持续下去,但是动词要用延续性动词。work , repair , learn ,stand , walk 等,都是延续动词。
6.They haven’t come back to their home towns for 10 years . ( = since 10 years ago 表一段时间 )
7.Mr. Li hasn’t seen his daughter since she went abroad . 自她出国以来李先生就没见过他女儿。
注:和一段时间连用要用延续性动词;但是,短暂性动词的否定句,也可以和一段时间连用。如6和7两句。
友情提醒:------ 疑问词when(什么时候)不能和现在完成时连用。
【书面表达】 过去和现在对比,写写家乡和学校等,在党和政府领导下,所发生的巨大变化。