2021-2022学年牛津译林版英语八年级下学期Unit1知识点梳理（下）

8B Unit1下
【知识积累】
知识点1: She’s just returned from the USA.她刚刚从美国回来。(P16)
return
v. 返回 ;归还；
【例句】：1.Ann will visit you when she returns to London.
2.You should return the piano to Dick on time.
n. 归来，返乡
【例句】They are excited at the news of her safe return.
知识点2: She went abroad with her parents.她和她的父母去国外了。(P16)
abroad adv.在国外，到海外
【例句】He decided to go abroad for further study.
知识点3: So how do you keep in touch with each other 所以你们怎么彼此联系的？(P16)
keep in touch with 保持联系
【例句】Wherever you go, I can keep in touch with you.
知识点4：We mainly communicate by email. The Internet makes communication much easier.我们主要通过邮件交流。英特网使我们的交流变得更容易。(P16)
communicate v. 交流 ,沟通；
常用搭配：communicate with sb 与...沟通；通话;communicate in 用...语言沟通
communication n.交流 ,沟通；
【例句】
We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone.
Everything you do is based on some type of communication.
知识点5：But now the street is wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides. 但是现在街道宽敞而干净，两边有许多绿树。(P19)
with prep. 和，跟; 随着; 关于; 和…一致;
With+宾语+宾语补足语，表示伴随以...(用作伴随状语)
【例句】It is dangerous to leave the house with the stove on. It may cause a terrible fire. （介词做补语）
Goldfish sleep with eyes open.（形容词做补语）
With the development of China, people’s living condition has been improved a lot.
【常用搭配】agree with 同意，符合 with pleasure 很乐意
make friends with...与...交朋友 shake hands with...与...握手
do with处理 meet with 偶遇
（2）on both sides 在两边
【例句】There are many trees on both sides of the river.=There are many trees on either/each side of the river.
【拓展】on the other side 在另一边
知识点6：The government has also built shops and tall buildings in some large open space.政府也在许多大的空地上建造了商场和高楼。(P19)
open space 开阔的空地
space: n.空间,余地（=room），太空
【例句】What is the future of humans in space？
【常用搭配】spaceship 太空船 spaceman 宇航员
make space for 为...腾出地方 living space 生存空间
【单元重点短语归纳】
Comic strip ＆Welcome to the unit
1.an hour ago 一小时前 p.6
2.used to share food with me 过去常常与我分享食物 p.6
3.go to school by bike 骑自行车上学 p.7
4.take a bus to school 乘公共汽车上学 p.7
Reading
5 . know…very well 非常了解… p.8
6. since I was born 自我出生以来 p.8
7 . live in the northern part of town住在城镇的北部 p.8
8. get married 结婚 p.8
9. move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外 p.8
10. since then 从那以后 p.8
11. change a lot 改变许多 p.8
12. over the years 在这些年期间 p.8
13. in the town centre 在镇中心 p.8
14. turn…into… 把…变成… p.8
15. a steel factory 一家钢铁厂 p.9
16. put the waste into the river 把废料扔进河里 p.9
17. take action to improve the situation 采取行动改善情况 p.9
18. much cleaner 干净得多 p.9
19.in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面 p.9
20. have a beautiful modern town 拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇 p.9
21. most of my old friends 我的大多数老朋友 p.9
22.move away 搬走 p.9
23. see each other as often as before 和过去一样频繁的见到彼此 p.9
24 play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋 p.9
25. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有时感到有点孤单 p.9
26.the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变 p.9
27.have an interview with sb. 采访某人 p.9
28. all one’s life 一生 p.11
Grammar
29.repair over ten bicycles 修十多辆自行车 p.14
30.the changes in Beijing 北京的变化 p.14
31.over the past century 上个世纪期间 p.14
32.learn more about 更多了解关于…… p.14
Integrated skills
33.clean and fresh air 干净新鲜空气 p.15
34.living condition 居住环境 p.15
35.railway station 火车站 p.15
36.travel to and from the town by bus 乘公交进出城镇 p.16
37.another big change 另一个大变化 p.16
38.used to live in old houses 过去住在旧房子里 p.16
39.move into new flats 搬进新的公寓 p.16
40.return from the USA 从美国回来 p.16
41.go abroad 出国，去国外 p.16
42.at primary school 在小学 p.16
43.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联络 p.16
municate by email 通过电子邮件交流 p.16
45.make communication much easier 使沟通更容易 p.16
Study Skills
46.be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于（干）某事 p.17
47.on one’s own 独自地，独立地 p.17
Task
48.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的公路 p.19
49.wide and clean streets 宽阔而干净的街道 p.19
50.green trees on birth sides 两边绿树 p.19
51.open spaces 开阔的空地 p.19
52.in their free time 在他们的空闲时间 p.19
53.enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒服的生活 p.19
书面表达
What changes have taken place to your hometown
Discussion ：
Answer the questions:
1. What did it use to be in the past
2. What is it like now
3.What are the advantages（优势）
4. What are the problems
完成下面的表格
Topic Many changes have taken place in my hometown over the years
Facts In the past At present
Environment
Transport
Opinion
Useful Expressions
...has changed a lot over the years.
Many changes have taken place in ...
People are enjoying a ...life.
There are only ... in the past, but now...
People used to ...
The government has built...
Many families has built...
Many families have their own ...
方法总结：
写作过程分析：
1、明确写作的主题，观点。
2、细化细节。找到足够的理由来支持自己的观点。建议从多角度多层次进行分析。
3、呼应主旨。根据写作内容跟首段进行前后呼应。
注意点：注意作文时态的变换。
【专项训练】
例题1、单项选择
( )１.The place _______ be the home of wild red cranes.
A. is used to B. used to C. is used D. was used to
( )２. We hope you _______ a happy holiday in Hong Kong.
A. to have B. having C. had D. will have
( )３-- _______ you ______ the book ______ to the library yet -- Yes. I have.
A. Have ，returned，/ B. Have， returned， back
C. Did return ，/ D. Did， return，back
( ) 4．_____you _____ your watch yet ----- No,______.
A. Did, find out, I didn’t B. Have, found, not yet
C. Have, looked for, I haven’t D. did, find, not yet
( ) 5. The old man lives ____ in a _____ house, but he doesn’t feel_____.
A. alone, alone, lonely B. lonely, lonely, alone
C. alone, lonely, lonely D. alone, lonely, alone
( ) 6.I _______ the way. I _______ here for quite many years.
A. knew; have lived B. knew; live C. know; have lived D. know; live.
( ) 7. ---How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black --- Oh, I ______ such a beautiful city.
A. don’t visit B. didn’t visit C. haven’t visited D. won’t visit.
( ) 8.—I ____ my homework. --- when ______ you _______ it
A. finish; will ;finish B. have finished; did; finish
C. finished; have; finished D. finished; did; finish
( ) 9. I haven’t _______ anything _______ 9 a.m.
A. eaten; for B. eaten; since C. eat; for D. ate; since.
( ) 10. -- -May I ______ your ruler --- Sorry. I _____ it to Daniel.
A. borrow; have lent B. lent; borrowed
C. borrow; lent D. lend; have borrowed
( ) 11.—Where is Mr Green now I haven’t seen him for a few days .
—He _____ to Hong Kong .
A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone
( ) 12.－ Is your father in － No, he ______ for three hours.
A. was out B. has been out C. went out D. has gone out
( ) 13. --I you good luck in the coming new year --Thanks.
A. want B. wish C. hope D. like
( ) 14. －Why not go to see the dolphin show with me -----Because I _____ it.
A. saw B. will see C. see D. have seen
( )15. ______Lei Feng is no longer living, his spirit lives on today.
A. If B. When C. Although D. Because
( ) 16.－______ he______ at this school last term －Yes, I think so.
A. Did, study B. Has, studied C. Was, study D. Did, studied
( ) 17.The child has come to school by bike __________his own.
A. in B. by C. on D. of
( ) 18.Mr Green has worked in Zhenjiang since his family ______to China years ago.
A. has moved B. moved C. moves D. move
( ) 19.They didn't until they got a new house.
A. marring B. be married C. get married D. marry to
(　 ) 20. The water _____ is very serious in Su Zhou now, please stop ___ it.
A. pollute, pollution B. pollution, to pollute
C. pollution, polluting D. pollution, pollution
例题2、词汇填空
1. There have been great _________(变化) in China since 1983.
2.He is good at all his subject, e____________ English.
3.The little boy is __________(友好) to his classmates, so nobody likes him.
4. What do you think about the air __________(污染) in your hometown
5.Danny and Daniel are brothers, and their_________(妻子) are sisters. That’s interesting.
6. One hundred years means a c_________.
7. If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can look it up in the d__________.
8. Can you d___________ what your brother looks like I have never seen him.
9.Eating too much is an________ way of living.
10. My bike doesn’t work. Can you r__________ it for me
11.Chairman Xi Jinping is having an i___________ with President Biden.
12.Now there are a number of _____________(工厂) in our hometown.
13. It’s our duty to protect our ______________(环境).
14.The air of the morning in the country is very ____________.(新鲜的)
15.Two big topics(主题) of the world today is peace and ___________.（发展）
16. Kitty got_____________(结婚) last year. Her husband is a computer programmer.
例题3、句子翻译
1.我过去骑车上学，但是现在坐地铁上学。
I ______________ go to school ____________, but now I go to school _________________ .
2.政府已经意识到这个问题并且采取措施改善环境。
The ___________ has _____________ the problem and _______________________________.
3.我对南京的过去和现在已经了解很多了。
I have already ________________________ about Nanjing’s _______________________.
4.从某种意义上来说，这些年来我的家乡变化很大。
_______________________, my hometown ___________________________ a lot.
5.这些街道宽阔而干净，两旁种了许多绿树。
The streets ______________________, ______ green trees _______________________.
例题4、选词填空
hear from get married heavy used to take off know from time to time finish on one’s own see
1.My father __________ be a history teacher .
2.The plane always makes a big noise when it ____________
3. ______ you ___________ your parents yet Yes .I received it yesterday .
4. My parents _____________ 17 years ago .
5. We must finish our homework _____________
6. The old feel lonely _______________ because it’s difficult to see their good friends .
7.He ____________ the city since he was very young .
8._____ you _________my watch Yes, I _____________it on your desk five minutes ago .
9. Last night ,it rained _______________ .
10. --When _____ you __________your work -- In half an hour .
例题5、完成句子
1. I have eaten something for breakfast. (1--3划线提问)
________________________________________________________________
2. I’ve known him since he came him.
_______________________________________________________________
3. He knows the school very well
_________________________________________________________________
4. .Mike didn’t see your pen. I didn’t, either.（同义句）
_______________________________________________________________
5 My family moved to Lianyungang ten years ago. （同义句）
_________________________________________________________________
6. Simon began to learn English two years ago. （同义句）
_________________________________________________________________
7. He’s never been to the USA, _________ _________ (反意疑问句)
8.This teaching building has___________________(投入使用) for five years.
9. Shenzhen has ______________________ (变成)a modern city.
10. 昨晚八点我们正在谈论那部影片。
We ________________________the film at 8:00 last night.
例题6、完形填空
（A）
A Swedish couple on holiday were travelling around Italy, and wanted to go to Capri. Capri is an island in the south of the country, ___1___ for its beautiful coastline and a popular tourist destination (目的地) . The couple put their destination into their car’s GPS (全球定位系统), ___2___ they made a spelling mistake. They ___3___ typed CARPI instead of CAPRI There is a real place called Carpi in Italy, but it is a small town in the ___4___ of the country.
The couple followed the GPS directions. Although they were travelling to an island, it didn’t ___5___ them that they didn’t even cross a bridge or see the sea. When they arrived in Carpi, they went to the tourist office. They asked ___6___ they could go to the Blue Grotto, a well-known sea cave in Capri. Of course, the office worker there couldn’t ___7___ them. He thought they wanted to go to a ___8___ called the Blue Grotto for dinner.
When the man realized that the couple thought they were in Capri, he ___9___ their mistake. The couple got back into their car and started driving south. The office worker said, “They were ___10___ , but not angry.”
It was a spelling mistake that took the couple 600 kilometers from their destination.
1. A. suitable B. useful C. good D. famous
2. A. and B. so C. or D. but
3. A. slowly B. carelessly C. patiently D. clearly
4. A. north B. south C. east D. west
5. A. satisfy B. relax C. worry D. touch
6. A. how B. where C. why D. what
7. A. refuse B. control C. doubt D. understand
8. A. museum B. restaurant C. station D. library
9. A. continued B. accepted C. explained D. repeated
10. A. interested B. surprised C. excited D. pleased
(B)
What are you waiting for
You can never do a kindness too soon, for you never know how soon it will be too late.
—Ralph Waldo Emerson
How many times have we said, “Oh I’ll do that ___1___ .”Sometimes tomorrow never ___2___ and we find ourselves saying, “Boy, I wish I hadn’t put that off.”
Our family has been friends with Betty for many years. Over the years we shared phone calls and birthday cards. Betty sent our youngest son Brandon a birthday card with $50.00 in it ___3___ he graduated. We ___4___ each other quite often when we lived not far away. Then we moved to New York. However, the distance did not cut off the ___5___ we kept in with each other.
This past November, I called Betty to see ___6___ she was. I was quite ___7___ when Betty didn’t answer the phone; instead her daughter Carol did. Carol told me that her mom had gone downhill fast and she was now in hospice (临终养老院) care. Carol 8 the phone to Betty. I talked briefly to her and let her ___9___ we loved her.
As soon as I got off the phone, I sent a text to Brandon to let him know Betty wasn’t doing ___10___ Little did I know that Brandon stopped what he was doing and immediately ___11___ flowers to Betty.
You can imagine how ___12___ I was of Brandon when Carol called the next day letting me know how much Betty loved the ___13___ Brandon had sent. A few days later , Betty ___14___ . So, my friends, ___15___ what Emerson once said: “You can never do a kindness too soon, for you never know how soon it will be too late.”
1. A. tomorrow B. yesterday C. today D. now
2. A. ends B. comes C. fixes D. changes
3. A. and B. unless C. until D. while
4. A. taught B. visited C. left D. missed
5. A. touch B. relationship C. friendship D. help
6. A. where B. when C. whether D. how
7. A. heartbroken B. amazing C. surprised D. sad
8. A. threw B. cut C. kicked D. handed
9. A. see B. know C. forget D. care
10. A. good B. nice C. well D. badly
11. A. bought B. grew C. chose D. sent
12. A. shameful B. energetic C. angry D. proud
13. A. cards B. calls C. flowers D. dollars
14. A. passed away B. took down C. broke away D. passed down
15. A. touch B. remember C. agree D. feel
例题7、阅读理解
A
“Please don’t go to Wuhan if it’s not really necessary,” Zhong Nanshan, a famous respiratory expert (呼吸科专家) .said when the novel coronavirus hit wuhan. At the same time, Zhong, 84, went on a trip to Wuhan to fight the disease.
Zhong grew up in a family of doctors. His goal has always been to save as many lives as possible. Many Chinese know Zhong as the hero who defeated SARS in 2003.
His treatment plan for SARS was used by China and then the whole world. It saved thousands of lives. He has given Chinese people confidence in winning this fight.
Seventeen years later , Zhong is once again leading an expert team to deal with the novel coronavirus. Although this new virus is known to be more dangerous to old people, Zhong worries little about his own safety. He became the first expert to tell the public that the virus can go from person to person. On Jan. 29, he and his team spent over four hours online checking five patients. The next day, he chose a treatment plan for those patients. Under his lead, his team developed (研发) a rapid test hit (快速检测试剂盒) for the disease that can show results within 15 minutes.
As People’s Daily wrote, “the 84 year old Zhong Nanshan shows his professionalism (专业性) as a doctor, courage as a soldier, and a sense of duty as the backbone (脊梁) of our nation.”
1. Zhong can give Chinese people confidence because ______ .
A. he was a hero in the fight against SARS B. his pictures and words are popular online
C. he went to Wuhan to fight the disease in person D. he shares his own stories online
2. What is Zhong's goal
A. To study serious cases. B. To save more people.
C. To let the world learn more about China. D. To learn from his parents.
3. What did Zhong say about the novel coronavirus
A. He said that the virus can go between humans. B. He said that it is not serious.
C. He said that it only infects certain people. D. He said that it can go from animals to humans.
4. How did People's Daily describe Zhong
a. A professional doctor b. A clever traveler c. A professional scholar d. A brave soldier
A. abc B. acd C. bed D. abd
B
Dear Grandma,
How are you I hope you are feeling well and your leg is improving. Can you walk a bit now Is your neighbour, Mrs. Lu. bringing you enough books to read 1 hope so. You’d love our school library, Grandma. There are so many books on all kinds of subjects. The other day I found a book about engineering (工程学) . I couldn’t really understand it but I hope to learn more about this topic sometime. This term I have some new subject classes, so I think I’ll tell you about them.
I study biology. It is a very interesting subject. I’m learning all about the human body, where everything is and what it does. Did you know that we have a kissing muscle It s called “orbicularis” and it’s a circle muscle that closes your mouth and moves your lips forward. I love biology. It’s so interesting! Another new subject is religion (宗教). I didn’t think I would like this one, but actually it is very interesting to hear how different people worship (崇拜) . We are learning about lots of religions from all over the world, not only Asia. My other new subject is Spanish. It’s really difficult to learn a new language but I know it will be useful for me in the future, if I want to travel around the world.
Spanish (西班牙语) is one of the official languages of the European Union and the United Nations. I’ve learnt that Spanish is not only spoken in Europe but in South America too. Countries like Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Mexico also speak Spanish. You know I’ve always wanted to go to Mexico, so if I can speak Spanish, it would be really useful.
Did you study these subjects when you were at school I suppose subject choice changes over time, doesn’t it I’ll come to visit you again in the next holiday , which I think is in eight weeks’ time. I’ll bring you some of my new books if you like. I hope you can write back soon and tell me all the village news. I miss you very much.
Lots of love,
Sara
1. From the letter we can know that Grandma’s leg was ______ .
A. improving B. lost C. getting worse D. hurt
2. Why does Sara want to learn Spanish
A. Because Spanish is interesting. B. Because Spanish is difficult.
C. Because Spanish is useful. D. Because Spanish is easy.
3. The writer has learnt a lot except ______ since she began to study biology.
A. the human body B. a kissing muscle C. orbicularis D. circles
4. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage
A. Sara knows little about engineering.
B. Sara is learning about religions from all over the world.
C. Grandma probably doesn’t like reading books very much.
D. The subjects Sara learns are different from the ones her grandma did.
例题8、任务型阅读
（A）
How do you feel when you have to make a speech(演讲) in front of class What about when you go to a birthday party Do you get really shy
Shyness means feeling nervous or frightened when you’re around other people. Experts have found that more than 80% middle school students feel afraid to be the centre of attention. Some kids are born shy. Some become shy later because of their life experiences.
It’s OK if it takes you a while to feel yourself again when you go to a new place or meet new people. In fact, everybody gets a little shy sometimes. It’s just a case of how much.
Most people have red faces and talk in broken sentences when they get shy. But some become so shy that they won’t go to a restaurant because they are too nervous to order and pay the bill. Some are afraid to meet new people, so they seldom go outside. This kind of shyness can be bad for a person.
If shyness doesn’t stop you from doing anything you want to do, being shy isn’t a very big problem. Some experts say shy people are quieter and cleverer because they think more and talk less. Shy people are also good at working with others because they think more for other people. Some great people in history were shy, too.
You see, being shy isn’t all bad. But remember not to let good chances pass by just because of it! If you have to sing a song at a birthday party or practise your spoken English in front of others, just do it! There’s nothing to be afraid of.
Title: (1)_______
Meaning ● To feel nervous or (2)_______
Causes ● To be the (3)__________ of attention ● To (4)_______ born shy ● To have life experiences
Effects (5)_______ effects ● To have red faces ● To talk in (6)__________ sentences ● To be afraid of (7) _______ new people
Good effects ● To be quieter and (8)_______ ● To do (9)__________ in working with others
(10)_______ ● To take hold of (抓住) good chances
(B)
Have you had a headache during a test Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night If so, then you know what stress is. Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, scared, or afraid——all of which can give you a stomachache or a headache.
However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad. Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test.
On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is sick, if you’re having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick.
The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep your SELF in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure（休闲）, and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, you’ll probably feel less stressed.
Title: Face the Stress
Meaning of stress Stress is a 1 when you are worried about something.
Possible effect You may feel uncomfortable in your 2 and body.
Different kinds Good stress It might happen when you have to 3 in public. It will be more 4 for you to do the job successfully. It makes you 5 better before doing the job.
Bad stress It might happen if your stress 6 too long. You may not feel well with the 7 of a family member, problems at school or something else that worries you every day. It might stop you from getting your work well done.
How to keep stress 8 Have a balanced life. Have enough sleep and have 9 food. Take exercise and have time to 10 yourself.
例题9、首字母填空
(A)
I am back in Britain now after a g___1_____ holiday with Jenny in Dublin. I really enjoyed it.
We traveled by p_____2__ and boat. I hated the boat journey ---- I tried to s__3______, but it was very difficult. We were both very t_4_____ when we got there, but her p___5____ were wonderful. We stayed with them for three weeks and they c___6___ lovely meals for us. I practiced my English all the time. We v__7___ many friends and also some of Dublin’s beautiful b___8_____. The museum was not o___9___ so we didn’t go in; we just looked at the outside. I liked the university very much. What a great place to be a student! I also loved the pubs, with their music and f___10____ waiters. The weather was terrible, it was very wet, but everything else was great. See you when you come back to Britain.
1.g__________ 2. p________ 3. s__________ 4.t ___________ _ 5. p______________
6.s__________ 7.v_________ 8.b_____________ 9..o_______________10.f______________
（B）
When she was 11, Jasmine Laurence had some trouble with her hair. She used a bad hair product (产品) and l__1___ a lot of hair.
"It was terrible," Jasmine, now 15, said. "I t__2__ to hide it but it was till noticeable (明显的).
Jasmine said she wouldn't use such h__3__ products(产品) again. She began to look for natural products on the I___4__. She started mixing her own hair oils and shampoos(洗发水).
In l__5__ than a year, Jasmine had found the wonderful combination (混合物). Her hair started to come back. Soon, friends and family were asking about what she used. Jasmine k__6__ she had a hot product.
After going to a camp for young business people, Jasmine had a___7__ big idea—to start her own business. She found ingredients (用料成分) and learned h__8_ to buy them all on the Internet.
Now, at age 15, Jasmine is the boss of Eden Body Works, a company based in New Jersey, US. It sells all n__9___ hair and body care products. Soon, Jasmine will be a millionaire (大富豪). Big shops are i___10___ in her products. "We met with the Wal-Mart store," she said. "Soon we're going to be selling our products with them."