英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit2 Environmental Protection知识点学案（无答案）

选择性必修三Unit2
　abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
[教材原句P14] For example，some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse，which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
[例1]　What went on here was an abuse of power.
[例2]　All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.
[知识拓展]
abuse one's power　 滥用某人的权利
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒
scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂
child abuse 虐待儿童
social abuse 社会弊端
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
Janet_______ (abuse) by her father since she was eleven.
　 in response to 响应，反应；回答；答复
[教材原句P14] Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue.
[例1]In response, the Chinese government has made great efforts to educate Chinese tourists on appropriate behaviour.
[例2]　His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal.
[造句] Beijing upgraded its public health emergency response to COVID-19 from level Ⅲ to Ⅱ starting Tuesday.
[知识拓展]
(1)response n．　　　 回答，回应；反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答
(2)respond vi. 回答，回应
respond to...with/by... 用……回应……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①A few days later，she still made no response_______ my e mail.
②She responded_______ the news by bursting into tears.
　 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
[教材原句P14] Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
[例1]　The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!
[例2]　She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.
[例3] From my perspective, overseas study tours can be rewarding and enjoyable.
[知识拓展]
as a reward for　　　 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因为某事而给某人报酬
reward sb.for sth. 为某事而以……报答某人
rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的，有意义的worthwhile
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
The old man gave the little boy a doll____ a reward for his help. ______ reward，the boy gave him a hug.
　 rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
[教材原句P15] The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
[例1]　We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.
[例2] I don't know if I can rely on him，but I'm willing to take a gamble.
[知识拓展]
(1)rely on＋n./doing...　 指望/依靠……
rely on sb./sth. to do... 指望……做……
rely on it that... 指望……
(2)depend /count on/upon 依赖；依靠
(3)reliable adj.可靠的，可信赖的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Not having found a better way，we had to rely_____ him to be the interpreter.
②You can rely on_____ that it will rain tomorrow.
　examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验
[教材原句P15] To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
[例1]　 The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term.
[例2]　The goods were examined for damage on arrival.
[知识拓展]
(1)examine sb. in/on... 测验某人……
examination n. 审查；调查；考查；考察；
(仔细的)检查，检验
(2)physical examination 体检
(3) examiner 主考官
[即学即练]　[小片段填空]
Last week，the teacher_____ us in maths.After the_____ ，we all went to the hospital to have physical_____ ．(examine)
　straight away 立即；马上
[教材原句P15]...and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.
[例1]　I told him straight away what I thought of the matter.
[知识拓展]
(1)straight out 诚实地；直率地
straight up (询问或强调所说的话的真实性)
真的，确实
(2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组at once；right now；right away
　decide on 决定；选定
[教材原句P15]...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
[例1]　 (2019 浙江高考)They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
[例2]　 We finally decided on holding a class meeting to make a plan for the activity.
[知识拓展]
(1)decide to do/that＋从句... 决定做……
(2)make a decision 做出决定
come to/arrive at/reach a decision 做出决定
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
①Now that you decide_____ (go)，you'd better go at once.
②They have chewed the problem over for hours and hope to reach a_____ (decide) soon.
　 make up one's mind下定决心；决定
[教材原句P16] We need to make up our minds and show some discipline，and make small changes over time.
[例1]　Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
[例2]　We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.
[知识拓展]
change one's mind　　 改变主意
keep/bear/have... in mind 记住；牢记在心头
speak one's mind 直言不讳
read one's mind 看出某人的心思
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, _____ your beliefs, values and strengths.
另一个设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标, 牢记你的信念、价值观和长处。
　compose vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写
[教材原句P16] Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment and so on.
[例1]　Ten men compose the committee.
[例2]　Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.
[造句] She composed a letter of protest.
[知识拓展]
(1)be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of
　　　　　　 由……组成
(2)composer n. 作曲家
(3)composition n. 作品；作曲；作文
[即学即练] [小片段填空]
The_____ once created a famous film，which was_____ of three parts.His _____ helped him won a lot of prizes.(compose)
知识要点10　 disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
[教材原句P17]It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night.
[例1]　I'm sorry to disturb you，but can I talk to you for a moment
[例2]　The letter shocked and disturbed me.
[知识拓展]
(1)disturb sb./sth.　 使某人感到不安/弄乱东西
disturb the peace 扰乱治安
(2)disturbing adj. 令人烦恼的；令人不安的；使人震惊的
disturbed adj. 被扰乱的；感到不安的
(3)be disturbed by/about/at 对……感到忧虑/不安
be disturbed to do sth. 对做某事感到不安
be disturbed that... 担心……
(4)disturbance n. 骚乱；打扰
[即学即练]　[小片段填空]
The noise outside_____ him.The_____ made him_____ about his child who was sleeping. It was so_____ that he opened his window and shouted to the workers there.(disturb)
知识要点11 stimulate vt. 激发；促进；刺激
[教材原句P20]This stimulated my motivation.
[例1]　The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work.
[例2]　Parents should give children books that stimulate them.
[知识拓展]
(1)stimulate sb./sth.(to sth.) 刺激/激励某人(某事)
stimulate sb. to do sth. 刺激/激励某人做某事
(2)stimulating adj. 刺激的；有刺激性的
(3)stimulation n. 刺激；激励，鼓舞
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
However，simple_____ (stimulate) is not what we're after.
知识要点12　stress out 焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
[教材原句P20]After starting high school，I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games.
[例1]　And don't stress out about shifting back the time you go to sleep.
[例2]　After a long week with exams, the students were all stressed out
[知识拓展]
(1)stress n．　 压力；紧张
vt. 强调；重读
the stress of sth. ……的压力
under the stress of... 在……压力下
lay/put stress on... 把重点放在……
(2)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力憔悴的； 重音的；受压的
(3)stressful adj. 紧张的；压力大的
[即学即练]　[小片段助记]
Under the stress of the public，he stressed out.So he wanted to change the stressful situation and he placed the stress on solving the basic problems of the public.
知识要点13　 absorb vt.理解，掌握；吸收，汲取；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注
[教材原句P20] I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.
[例1]　The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
[例2]　 (2020·全国Ⅰ卷) In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.
[例3]　 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.
[知识拓展]
(1)absorb...from...　 从……中吸收……
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj. 一心一意的；被吸收的
be absorbed in＝be lost in＝be buried in
全神贯注于；专心于
(3)absorption n. 吸收，专注
[即学即练]　单句语法填空
_____ (absorb) in his work，he simply forgot food and sleep.
知识要点14　refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
[教材原句P20] I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.
[例1]　He refreshed himself with a cool shower.
[例2]　Only in this way can you always get a refreshing mind and make great progress as planned.
[例3] I've refreshed the page a few times and still see no comments.
[知识拓展]
(1)refresh oneself 　 使自己精神振作，恢复活力
refresh oneself with... 用……提神
feel refreshed 感到精神爽快的
(2)refreshing adj. 使清爽的；使人重新振作的；提神的
(3)refreshment n. (精力)恢复；点心
[即学即练]　[小片段填空]
He_____ himself with some_____ songs.Finally，he felt_____ ．(refresh)
Sentence Patterns
　状语从句的省略
[教材原句P14]These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
[例1]　 If told properly，stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality and background.
[例2]　If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event.
[知识拓展]
when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Unless_____ (invite) to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.
②_____(在比较不同文化时)，we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities.
③_____(完工后), the museum will be open to the public next year.
　 rather than 连接并列谓语
[教材原句P15]So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)...
[例1]　I think you’d call it a lecture rather than a talk.
[知识拓展]
(1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。它构成的句型结构：
prefer to do...rather than do...　　　 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
(2) rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。
(3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一致。选择性必修三Unit2 4 / 5