2022年人教版中考二轮专题复习数词的用法

2022年人教版中考二轮复习　数　词
一、热门考点1 基数词的构成与用法
1．基数词的构成
0～12的基数词独立成词
zero 0，one 1，two 2，three 3，four 4，five 5，six 6，seven 7，eight 8，nine 9，ten 10，eleven 11，twelve 12
13～19的基数词是在3～9的基数词(变形)后加-teen
thirteen 13，fourteen 14，fifteen 15，sixteen 16，seventeen 17，eighteen 18，nineteen 19
20～90等整十位数均以-ty结尾
twenty 20，thirty 30，forty 40，fifty 50，sixty 60，seventy 70，eighty 80，ninety 90
表示“几十几”，在十位数与个位数之间加连字符“-”
twenty-one 21，sixty-two 62 seventy-four 74，ninety-nine 99
101～999的基数词由“基数词＋hundred(＋and＋整十位数＋连字符)＋个位数”构成
one hundred and nine 109，two hundred and forty-six 246，five hundred and forty-nine 549
拓展：
百位数和十位数之间要用and，若无十位，则在个位之前加and
如509：five hundred and nine
千位以上的数，从右往左数，每三位加一个逗号(即千位分隔符)。第一个逗号前为千位thousand，第二个逗号前为百万位million，第三个逗号前为十亿位billion
4，347，960，326读作：four billion，three hundred and forty-seven million，nine hundred and six thousand，three hundred and twenty six
2．基数词的基本用法：表示事物的数量
基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等
Four of th students were late for school yesterday. 他们中4个人昨天迟到了。(主语)
I want three. 我想要三个。(宾语)
My sister is sixteen. 我的妹妹16岁了。(表语)
表示“年、月、日”的时间
The accident happened on June 6，2018. 那次事故发生在2018年6月6日。
表示编号
She lives in Room 601. 她住在601房间。
表示时间，几点钟，几点过几分
I often go to school at seven. 我经常七点上学。
用于数学运算
Two plus three is five. 2加2等于5。
Seven times six is forty-two. 7乘以6等于42。
表示年龄
The grandmother is seventy-six years old. 这个奶奶76岁了。
表示百分数
Seventy-one percent of the earth is water. 地球百分之71%是水。
二、热门考点2 序数词的构成与用法
1．序数词的构成
记忆第一、第二、第三
first第一　second第二　third第三
4～19的序数词是由其相对应的基数词后面加-th构成
thirteen→thirteenth 第十三，4个不规则：fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth
整十的序数词由其对应的基数词变结尾字母y为ie，再加-th构成(注意：ten的序数词为tenth) twenty→twentieth第二十 fifty→fiftieth第五十
表示“第几十几”时，只将个位数变为序数词，十位数仍用基数词
forrty-one→forty-first第三十一 fifty-six→fifty-sixth第五十六
缩写形式是在阿拉伯数字之后加上序数词的最后两个字母 1st　2nd　3rd 11th
表示顺序，常和the连用。但序数词前面有指示代词、物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用the。
This is my third time to visit Nanning. 这是我第三次去游览南宁了。
序数词前用a/an，表示“又一，再一”。
He needs to try a second time.他需要再试一次。
2．序数词的基本用法：表示数目的顺序或事物的位置
表示编号
Mary lives on the second floor 玛丽住在第二层。
表示日期中的“日”
She will marry on October the third，2022. 她将在2022 年10月3日结婚。
主要用作定语、表语，前面要加定冠词the
You are the first one who enters the classroom every day. 你是每天进入教室的第一人。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1．May Day comes in May，the _________ month of the year.
A．eighth B．ninth C．fifth　　　 D．eleventh
2．This Saturday is my sister’s _________ birthday.
A．fourteen　　 B．fourteenth C．forty　　 D．the fortieth
3．Jack has been to China eight times，he still decided to have a _________visit.
A．nine　　 B．ninth　 C．ninths　　 D．nines
4．There are many people working in the building with _________ floors and our office is on the ______ floor.
A．fifth; three B．fifth; third C．five; third D．five; three
5．Zhong Nanshan，an old man in his _________，putting his heart into fighting against COVID-19，is the backbone of our nation.
A．eighty　　 B．the eighty C．eightieth　　 D．eighties
6．Qian Xuesen，the Father of China Aerospace(中国航天)still worked in his___________(ninety)．
7．She seems to have a ________(six) sense that her husband will come back soon.
8．It is said that _______(fourth) new students will study in our class.
9．This is his _________(two) time to visit China.
10．My sister is nineteen，and next year she will have her ____________(twenty) birthday.
答案：C　B　B　C　D　nineties　sixth　four　second　twentieth　
三、热门考点3 概数词的用法
1．表示不确切的数目
当hundred、thousand、million、billion等词和of连用时，需用复数，且其前不能用其他表示数量的词。
There are thousands of people to celebrate new year on Jan. 1st every year. 每一年有成千上万本的人们庆祝新年。
2．表示确切数目
当hundred、thousand、million、billion等词前面有具体数字或有many、several、few等词修饰时，用其单数形式；后面不与of连用，直接接名词。
We need four thousand books. 我们需要4000本书。
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1．Thanks to the hard work of our local government，________ people in our neighborhood have gotten vaccinated(接种疫苗)．
A．thousand B．two thousands C．two thousand of D．thousands of
2．More than _________ marks will be sent to Baise by our company.
A．twenty thousands　　 B．twenty thousand
C．twenty thousands of　　 D．twenty thousand of
3．Guilin is famous for its noodles and each year _________ tourists have a try.
A．two millions B．million of C．millions of D．two millions of
4．—China is a great country with a history of about five _________ years.
—Yes. And _______ of foreigners come to visit it every year.
A．thousand; thousand B．thousands; thousands
C．thousand; thousands D．thousands; thousand　
5．There are ___________(hundred) of apples on the trees and my father is working hard to pick them up.
6．____________(thousand)of trees will be planted to protect the environment this year.
答案：D　B　C　C hundreds　Thousands　
四、热门考点4 分数表达法
表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母的序数词要变为复数。
1/4　a quarter/one fourth 2/3　two thirds
1.“分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数应由名词的单复数来决定，但当名词是population时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
Three quarters of the teachers in the school are women. 这所学校四分之三的老师是女性。
One third of the time is used to learn new words. 三分之一的时间被用来学习新单词。
2．“the＋序数词”表示“第几……”；“a＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”。
The second room is the most beautiful. 第二间房间是最漂亮的。
The soup is nice，and I would like a second bowl. 这个汤很好喝，我想再喝一碗。
3．“in one’s＋整十基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。
in his forties 在他40多岁时
4．“another＋基数词”=“基数词＋more”。
I will stay in Nanning for another two years. 我将在北海再待两年。