高考英语语法考情分析及真题感悟-名词、冠词、代词（含答案）

高考英语语法考情分析及真题感悟-名词、冠词、代词
名词、冠词、代词
考情分析
名词是高考英语考查的重点，高考试题主要侧重于对形近名词、意近名词的辨析以及对名词的固定搭配的考查，在语法填空中重点考察名词单复数、不可数名词、名词所有格和词性转化，预测在今后的高考中还将延续这样的命题特点。冠词的考查主要集中在定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词和冠词的固定搭配上，冠词一般在语法填空考1题，需要考生在平时学习中进行归纳整理和记忆。代词的考查一般是1-2道题。对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词的主宾格、物主代词（形物代和名物代）、反身代词、不定代词上，考生要特别注意both, all, either, any, neither, none, something, anything, someone, everyone等的基本用法。其他代词，如it、指示代词的用法也在高考的考查范围中。预测在今后的高考中，人称代词的用法、反身代词的常见搭配、不定代词的辨析仍将是考查的重点。
1. 真题感悟
1. (2021年全国乙卷·69) _______ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
答案：Activities
解析：考查名词复数。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，由句中from whale watching to hiking可知，这里指各种各样的活动，需用activity的复数形式。
2. (2021年八省联考·65) A _______ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
答案：student’s
解析：考查名词所有格。根据句意“一个学生的大学经历是他或她自己，并且该生必须把他或她的教育放在第一位”可知，需用student的所有格形式，因为是一个学生，故填student’s。
3. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·67) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _______ (cause).
答案：causes
解析：考查名词复数。由前面的all可知，要用复数形式，from all causes意为“由于各种原因”。
4. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a _______ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
答案：celebration
解析：考查词性转换。根据句意“春节是庆祝，冬将至，春将始”可知，空格前的不定冠词a提示我们此处也应用名词形式，故用celebration。
5. (2021年全国甲卷·68) It took us about 3 hours to go all _______ way around the Xi’an City Wall.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。考查固定搭配all the way，意为“一路上”。
6. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·69) Of _______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
7. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·62) Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _______ top of her lungs.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。因at the top of one’s lungs为固定搭配，意为“用某人最大的声音”。
8. (2021年全国甲卷 改错) Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other.
答案：friend→friends
解析：考察冠词。根据题意，许多学生说他们将会和他们的朋友或同学说话，且空处与classmates并列，应用复数friends。
9. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷 改错) Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.
答案：football前加a
解析：因football为单数可数名词，前面需加限定词；表示“一个”足球，填a。
10. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷) During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
答案：countryside前加the
解析：go to the countryside固定搭配去农村。
11. (2021年全国乙卷·63) Ecotourism has _______ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
答案：its
解析：考查代词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词origin，需用it的形容词性物主代词形式。
12. (2021年全国新高考Ⅰ卷·64) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It surely does in _______ (I).
答案：mine
解析：考查名词性物主代词。根据前面in the visitor’s memory可知空格需填mine，mine = my memory。
13. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·70) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _______ a try.
答案：it
解析：考查代词。作间接宾语用代词，代替前文的running，用it。
14. (2021年全国甲卷 改错) Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.
答案：our→their
解析：根据句意，只有一些人选择独自处理这些问题，应用on their own，意为“独自”。
15. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) I had done myself homework, but I was shy.
答案：myself→my/the
解析：修饰名词homework，意为“我的作业”，表示特指，应用形容词性物主代词或定冠词，故将myself改为my/the。
2. 真题再练
单句语法填空
1. (2021年全国新高考Ⅰ卷·57) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _______ (human) are.
2. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·62) This trend, … , has had some unintended side _______ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease …
3. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·61) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _______ (crowd) on the roads …
4. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·67) She has turned down several _______ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
5. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·69) The nursery team switches him every few _______ (day) with his sister …
6. (2016全国Ⅱ卷·66) Recent _______ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
7. (2015全国I卷·65) … seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _______ (painting).
8. (2014全国I卷·69) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
9. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·64) Filled with _______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
10. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·66) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _______ (believe) that populations are increasing.
11. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _______ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
12. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·66) This switch has decreased _______ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
13. (2021年全国乙卷·65) Due to _______ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
14. (2021年全国新高考Ⅰ卷·65) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _______ must to visit!
15. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·70) The plum trees are _______ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).
16. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·69) When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was _______ joke.
17. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·62) Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _______ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
18. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·65) As _______ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
19. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·62) Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as _______ model in New York.
20. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·70) I help a … twin … The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _______ other is with mum — she never suspects.
21. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·70) Data about the moon’s composition could help China decide whether _______ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
22. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·68) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _______ (they) alive.
23. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·67) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _______ every day.
24. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·68) On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _______ (it) mother.
25. (2014全国II卷·69) Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s _______ (I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.
【参考答案】
1. humans 考查名词复数。作从句主语we的同位语需用名词复数。
2. effects 考查名词复数。表示“一些副作用”，故用复数，从后面对两种病例的举例也可知用复数。
3. crowds 考查名词复数。表示泛指的人群，用复数。
4. invitations 考查名词复数。由前面的several可知，要用复数形式。
5. days 考查名词复数。空格前有few修饰，故day用复数。
6. studies 考查名词复数。作主语用其名词形式，而study表示“研究”本身可以作名词；又由谓语动词show可知，主语应为复数，故填studies。
7. paintings 考查名词复数。因被many修饰，故要用复数形式。
8. changes 考查名词复数。作主语要用名词，或者说冠词后应当用名词，change除作动词外也可作名词，所以词性不必变化；由紧接着的are可知，要用复数形式。
9. curiosity 考查词性转换。作介词with的宾语，用名词，故填curiosity。
10. belief 考查词性转换。由前面的不定冠词提示我们，空格处应填名词，故填belief。
11. competition 考查词性转换。由空格前的不定冠词an及形容词interesting可知，空格处应该填名词，故填competition。
12. pollution 考查词性转换。作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pollution。
13. the 考查冠词。growing popularity受of environmentally-related and adventure travel修饰，故填表示特指的定冠词the。
14. a 考查冠词。此处must充当名词语法，空格需用不定冠词a。a must此处表示“一个必去的地方”。
15. the 考查冠词。在序数词first前应用定冠词，表示“第一个”。
16. a 考查冠词。表示泛指“一个”玩笑，应用不定冠词a。
17. the 考查冠词。表示特指一段时间，意为“在刚刚过去的25年间”，故用定冠词the。另外，over/during/in/for the past few years可看做固定短语。
18. a 考查冠词。因as a result是固定短语。
19. a 考查冠词。表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词，即“作为一个模特”。
20. the 考查冠词。前面提到twins，可知一共是两个，特指两者中的“另一个”，是the other。注意：one … the other (一个……另一个……) 也是固定搭配。
21. its 考查代词。修饰空后的名词plans作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。
22. them 考查代词。作动词find的宾语要用宾格，故填them。
23. it 考查代词。指代前句中的the railway用it。
24. its 考查代词。在名词前作定语，表示“a lively three-month-old twin的”妈妈，故用its。
25. mine或me 考查代词。句中It可能是替代my suitcase，意为“那是我的箱子”，故填mine；也可能是代替anyone，意为“丢东西的人是我”，故填me。