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反义疑问句精讲精练
定义:在英文中反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question) 即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法没有把握,需要对方证实。
构成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 可记为:前肯后否
2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 可记为:前否后肯
用法
附加疑问句中主语如何选择。
当陈述部分的主语是
( 1 )用one 时,后面的疑问句可用one/he.
everything, anything, nothing, something时,附加疑问句中主语用it 不用they。
this, that或those, these时,附加疑问句中主语用it和they.
Everyone, everybody, someone, somebody等,附加疑问句中主语一般用he/they.
不定式,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语一般用it。
在there be句型中,附加疑问句中主语一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there。
2、含有否定意义的词
(1)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意义的词时,后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式。
例:There are few apples in the basket, are there
He can hardly swim, can he
They seldom come late, do they
当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有un-前缀、-less后缀等含有词缀而意思否定的词, 当做肯定句处理,疑问部分要用否定形式。
例:He looks unhappy, doesn't he 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
The girl dislikes history,doesn't she 这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?
有less,fewer等词视为肯定词,疑问部分用否定形式。
例:There will be less pollution, won't there
3、表示主语主观意愿的词
含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。
当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。
例如:
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you
值得注意的是,当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。
例如:
I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he
We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they
此类句子的回答同“前否后肯”型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为Yes, they have;若尚未到达,使用"No, they haven't."。
(2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关...)。
例如:
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she
但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。
4、had better或have
陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头
例:
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you
其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头
如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:(have 表示有,可用do或 have来改写)
例:
He has two sisters,doesn't he =He has two sisters,hasn't he
He doesn't have any sisters,does he
5、祈使句
当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达,分三种情况:
一般情况下用will you 或 won't you。
例:
Give me a hand,will you
Leave all the things as they are,won't you
以Let's开头的祈使句,疑问句用shall we;以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句,问句用will you。 例:
Let's go out for a walk, shall we
Let us go out for a walk, will you
Let me help you,will you
当陈述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用will you或can you 。
例:Don't make much noise,will/can you
6、There be句型
There be 句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there
例:
There are some apples in the basket, aren't there
There isn't any milk left, is there
7、must
当陈述部分有情态动词must,问句有4种情况:
mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”时,附加问句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here,must you
你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
must表示“有必要”时,附加问句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today,needn't they
他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?
当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at English,isn't he
他英语一定学得很好,是吗?
当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。
She must have read the novel last week,didn't she
她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?
You must have told her about it,haven't you
你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
8、回答反意疑问句的原则
(1)当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可。
例: It’s new, isn’t it Yes, it is.
是新的,对吗?对,是新的。
当陈述部分为否定式,反意疑问句为肯定式时,其回答往往与汉语不一致,需特别引起注意: 例: It isn’t cheap, is it Yes, it is. 它不便宜吧?不,很便宜。
反义疑问句精练
选择题
My mother has to stay at home to look after my grandma, _______
hasn’t she B. hasn’t my mother C. doesn’t she D.doesn’t my mother
He has many friends at school, _____
has he B. does he C. doesn’t he D. isn’t he
They have never been to America, _______
have they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. do they
There is little milk in the glass, _______
isn’t it B. isn’t there C. is there D. is it
I don’t think he must be sleepy, _______
mustn’t he B. do I C. must he D. is he
It rained hard last night,______
does it B. did it C. doesn't t it D. didn't t it
They haven’t found the MH 370, ______________
have they B. haven’t they C. do they D. don’t they
He’s given an important report on the work of the government,________
isn’t he B.is he C.hasn’t he D.has he
Let’s go to the cinema, ____
will you B. shall we C. don’t we D. do we
Lucy didn’t come to school yesterday, ____
did she B. didn’t she C. dos she D. doesn’t she
There are a few people in the room, ____
are there B. aren’t there C. are they D. aren’t they
He’s never been to a foreign country, ________
isn’t he B. is he C. has he D. hasn’t he
Come here a moment, ____
will you B. shall you C. shall we D. don’t you
They have never been to America, _______
have they B. haven’t they C. don’t they D. do they
She’s already back., _______
A doesn't she B isn’t she C hasn’t she D has she
【答案】
一、1、C 2、C 3、A 4、C 5、D 6、D 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、A 11、B 12、C 13、A 14、A 15、B
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