(共21张PPT)
中考语法复习
非谓语动词
目录
概念及分类
01
考点检测
02
知识归纳
03
过关训练
04
中考模拟
05
(一)概念及分类
01
非谓语动词常指动词不定式to do、动名词doing和分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done), 在句中不能单独作谓语, 但仍然保留动词的某些特征。因此, 非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语等。中考主要考查动词不定式to do和现在词doing。
不定式 to do 有还没有做的含义
动名词doing 表示抽象的名词意义
现在分词doing 表示主动或进行的意义.
过去分词done 表示被动或完成的意义.
1. Jack promised _____________ (study, to study) hard at school from now on.2. We should do something ________________ ( protect, to protect) the earth, our lovely home.
3. My mother told me _______________ (not tell, not to tell) lies any longer.
4. Martin’s father only allows her _______________ (going; to go) out on Saturdays.
5. Mr. Yang is always busy _______________ (working; to work) every day.6. My grandfather has got better and better since he gave up _____________ (to smoke; smoking).
7. It had rained for nearly two weeks by yesterday. It made me ____________ (not go; not to go) out these days, so I felt very bored.
(二)考点检测
(选择括号里的词填空)
to study
to protect
not to tell
to go
working
smoking
not go
8. The boy is very fond of music. We always hear him____________ (singing; to sing) in the music room.
9. I remembered _________________ ( inviting; to invite) David to my birthday, but why hasn’t he come here yet
10. Don’t worry. We will meet again_______________ (discuss, to discuss) the matter .11. She saw a man _______________ (rush; rushing) into the hospital and shouting for help while she was waiting in line.
12. The old man was seen _______________ ( to cry; crying) at seven o’clock yesterday morning.13. He is always heard ______________ (to read; read) English under a tree in the morning.
14. He sleeps instead of _______________ ( to listen; listening) to the teacher carefully in class. No wonder he is poor at all subjects.15. We all think it difficult _______________ (finish; to finish) so much work in an hour.
sing
inviting
to discuss
rushing
crying
to read
listening
to finish
[知识归纳]考点一 动词不定式
动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、定语及目的状语的用法。
表一 不定式在句子中的语法功能
功能 例句 说明
主语 To swim here is dangerous. It’s dangerous to swim here. 动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语
表语 My job is to look after my sister. To look after my sister is my job. 多数情况下,动词不定式作表语,可转换为作主语
宾语 I want to be an actor. I can’t decidehow to do it. 作某些动词的宾语; 疑问词+to do 作宾语
宾语补足语 She asked me to speak English. 在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后,不定式省略to
定语 Do you have anything to say 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面
状语 I come here to see you. 不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
表二 只跟不定式作宾语的动词
助记口诀 动词
决心学会有希望 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope
同意计划莫假装 agree, plan, pretend
胆敢拒绝会失败 dare, refuse, fail
准备设法来帮忙 prepare, try, manage, help
提供请求负担起 offer, beg, demand, afford
答应安排理应当 promise, arrange, be supposed
表三 跟不定式作宾补的动词
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
考点二 动名词 动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
表四 动名词的语法功能
功能 例句 说明
主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数
宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 表示习惯性的动作
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语 Bill is in the reading room. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
巧学妙记 喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest); 盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish); 避免(avoid)忙碌(busy)太浪费(waste); 想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice); 停止(stop)放弃(give up)太冒险( risk); 忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)。 以上动词或短语, 和介词后跟V-ing。
考点三 有些谓语动词既可以以跟不定式to do,也可以跟动名词ing,但意义不同。
表五 区分+to do和+doing
+ to do (强调未做) +doing (强调已做)
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔或遗憾做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(另一件) stop doing sth. 停止做某事(同一件)
need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义) need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)
try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
考点四:当谓语动词是感观动词时, 其形式是:谓语动词+sb./st. +do/doing, 但用法有区别:
表六 感观动词+do/doing的区别
+do (强调全过程) +doing(强调正在做)
watch sb. do 观看某人做了某事 watch sb. doing
观看某人正在做某事
see sb. do 看见某人做了某事 see sb. doing
看见某人正在做某事
hear sb. do 听见某人做了某事 hear sb. doing
听见某人正在做某事
find sb. do 发现某人做了某事 find sb. do
发现某人正在做某事
考点五:感观动词变为被动语态时, 非谓语动词的形式如下:
表七 感观动词+do/doing的的被动形式
变被动:be+过去分词+ to do 变被动:be+过去分词+doing
主动 被动 主动 被动
watch sb. do be watched to do watch sb. doing be watched doing
see sb. do be seen to do see sb. doing be seen doing
hear sb. do be heard to do hear sb. doing be heard doing
find sb. do be found to do find sb. do be found doing
考点六:介词后面用动名词doing
常考的介词短语如: instead of , such as , without , be interested in, be afraid of , after, before, be good at, be poor at, be/feel excited about, look forward to等等。
考点七:常见的句型及固定搭配(表八):
why not do... had better (not) do
in order to do would like to do
find/think it adj. to do Would you please do(not do)...
It’s adj. (for/of sb.) to do Thank you for doing sth.
adj. enough to do used to do/ be used to doing
prefer doing to doing prefer to do...rather than do would rather do... than do Doing sth is...
To do sth. is...
spend...(in) doing sth. It takes/took ... to do
1. You should make her ___________ the work alone. I believe she can do it well.
A. do B. to do C. to doing D. doing
2. ___________ a sportsman is a hard job, but you will be very excited if you are successful in___________ a golden medal.
A. To be; get B. Being; to get C. Being; getting D. To be; to get
3. You’d better ____________ here earlier. I’d like you___________ me.
A. arrive; to help B. to arrive; helping C. not to arrive; to help D. arriving; help
4. ---- Have you got anything___________this evening
---- Yes. I have promised Jack___________ the bike for him. A. to do; to mend B. to do; mending
C. doing; mending D. doing; to mend
5. This is the best way ___________ friends with others.
A. making B. to make C. made D. to making
[过关训练](单项选择)
04
中考模拟过关训练
05
[中考试题精选](单项选择)
1. Early on a sunny morning David and his donkeys stop at a river____________ . A. drink B. drinking C. drinks D. to drink
2. But then, instead of ____________ , David picks up his book, and reads deep into the night. A. sleep B. slept C. sleeps D. sleeping
3. Perhaps they dreamed of____________ the universe. A. explore B. to explore C. explored D. exploring
4. Today people use modern machines ____________ at the sky. A. look B. to look C. looking D. looked
5. Later, he came to Yan’an ____________ music at a college. A. teach B. taught C. teaching D. to teach
1. Mr. Green spent much time____________ stories. By last week he had finished ____________ 1,000 ones. A. written; wrote B. to write; writing B. writing; to write D. writing; writing
2. ____________ a foreign language well is very hard. A. To learn B. To learning C. Learn D. Learnt
3. We must make people ____________ the dirty water into the river, or we can’t see fish in it any longer. A. stop to pour B. stopping to pour C. stop pouring D. to stop pouring
4. She said that she felt someone____________ in the room. A. to smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. is smoking
5. My uncle used ____________ a very good football player, but that was a long time ago. A. To being B. being C. be D. to be
[中考考点过关]一、单项选择。
6. It took us more than half a day ____________ up the high mountain. We felt very tired after ____________ the top. A. to climb; reaching B. climbing; to reach B. to climb; getting D. climbing; arriving
7. Because of ____________ for some time, there is enough water for the farmers ____________ crops. A. rained; grow B. rain; grew C. raining; to grow D. to rain; growing
8. ---Why ____________ goodbye to your father before ____________
--- Sorry, I forgot it. A. not say; leaving B. don’t say; to leave B. not speak; leaving D. don’t speak; leave
9. --- Remember____________ the door when you leave. --- I won’t forget it. A. Turning off B. to close C. closing D. to turn off
10. My parents wish me ____________ a doctor when I grow up, but I feel like ____________ a manager. A. be; to be B. to be; being C. being; to be D. being; being
二、完成句子。1. 乘火车之前你最好买些吃的和喝的。
You ____________ ____________ ____________ some food and drinks before ____________ the train.
2. 昨天莉莉看见一个人躺在路上, 她决定帮助他。 Yesterday Lily ____________ a man ____________ on the road. She ____________ ____________ ____________ him.
3. 我请杰夫加入俱乐部,但他不听。 I ____________ Jeff ________ ____________ the club, but he wouldn’t listen to me.
4. 为了按时上班, 我每天早晨很早起床。 I get up early every morning ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ to work on time.
5. 我帮助她按时完成了工作。 I ____________ her ____________ her work on time.
had
better
buy
taking
saw
lying
decided
to
help
asked
to
join
in
order
to
go
helped
finish
6. 你好像有点疲倦, 最好停下来休息一会儿。
You look a little tired. You’d ____________ ____________ ___________ ____________ a rest.7. 李老师告诉他不要再犯同样的错误。
Miss Li told him ____________ ____________ ____________ the same mistake any longer.8. 我们有必要学一门外语。
It’s ____________ ____________ us ____________ ____________ a foreign language.
9. 我们尽最大努力过得快活些。
We try ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ more happily.
10. 妈妈已经习惯早起了。
My mother ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ up early.
better
stop
to
have
not
to
make
necessary
for
to
learn
our
best
to
live
has
got
used
to
getting
Thank you very much