2022年人教版中考英语二轮复习——动词和动词短语的用法（含答案）

2022年中考二轮复习 动词和动词短语的用法
热门考点1 动词的分类与词义辨析
根据功能，动词分为以下四类：
（1）实义动词
能独立作谓语，分为及物动词和不及物动词，如study、learn、enjoy、eat、wash等
（2）助动词
不能单独作谓语，必须和动词连用来构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构如be、have、do、will、shall等
（3）系动词
本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，需和表语一起构成系表结构如be、become、get、look、seem、turn、sound、smell、taste、feel、keep等
（4）情态动词
不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语来表示“能力”“允许”“必要”“禁止”“意愿”“可能”等情感或态度，大多无人称和数的变化。如有can、may、must、need、have to、be able to、had better、will、should、would等
常见的动词词义辨析
三个“到达”： get to＋地点名词 reach+地点名词 arrive in/at＋大/小地点名词
三个“借”： “借入”：borrow， borrow sth. from sb.
“借出”：lend， lend sth. to sb.
“长时间地借”：keep，延续性动词
三个“穿” ： dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”；dress sb. up“装扮某人”
put on “穿上，戴上”，表示动作；wear “穿着，戴着”，表示状态
四个“看”： see “看见”，表示结果 ；look “看”，表示动作，后面跟宾语需加介词
watch“观看(比赛、电视)”； read “看(书、报)”，表示阅读
四个“拿” ： bring “带来，拿来” ；take “拿去，带走”
carry “提，拿，搬”，多指用力移动，没有方向
fetch “去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿东西”
四个“说” ： speak 常接 语言的名词； say常跟说的内容
talk 常跟介词to或with，意为“同……谈话”
tell “告诉；讲”，与story、lie、joke连用
四个“花费”： spend 人作主语，表示花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.
cost 物作主语，表示“某物花费多少钱”
take 表示花费一段时间做某事， It＋takes/took＋sb.＋一段时间＋to do sth.
pay 多与介词for连用
两个“找”： look for强调寻找的过程； find 强调找的结果
两个“听”： listen to 强调听的动作 hear 强调听的结果
三个“参加”： join 一般指加入“党派”或“组织”，如参军、入党等
take part in 指参加群众性、集体性活动、会议、劳动等
attend 一般指出席会议
四个“变化”： turn 一般用于颜色的变化；get 天变黑、变长或变短
become 天气变暖或变冷等，表示渐变
grow 形状变大或变小
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1．—How do you like Jim
—He is honest. I _________ him.
A．trust　　 B．refuse　　 C．protect　　　 D．hate
2．The apples _________ nice. You can have a try.
A．eat　 B．drink　 C．taste　 D．sound
3．Jim is a funny boy. He always likes to _________ jokes.
A．speak　 　 B．say　　　 C．tell　　 D．talk
4. I bought an old smartphone yesterday. It _________ me 200 dollars.
A．paid　　 B．take　　　 C．cost　　 D．spent
5．The elephants in Thailand are endangered. We should try our best to ______ them.
A．save　　 B．show　　 C．stop　　 D．catch
6．According to the new traffic rules，people must _________ a helmet when riding an e-bike.
A．bring　　 B．wear　　 C．dress　　 D．take
7．What amazing! The baby tiger know how to _________ themselves in the face of danger.
A．protect　　 B．feel　　 C．make　　 D．know
8．I couldn’t afford the the newest magazines，so I　_________ one from the library.
A．borrowed　　 B．lent　　 C．kept　　 D．sold
9．The doctors _________ （advise）me to take this medicine three times per day yesterday.
10．In order to _________(support)the poor，our government has done a lot to improve their lives.
11．A small mistake can ________(cause) many problems，so you’d better take care
12．I have ___________ （promise）Frank to attend his birthday party.
答案：A　C C　C　A B　A A advised　support　cause　promised　
热门考点2 动词的变形
1.动词的五种基本形式变化表
（1）动词原形的变化规则：没有经过任何变形
（2）第三人称单数的变化规则：一般在动词原形后直接加-s
以s、o、x、z、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-es 如go→goes wash→washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为i，再加-es 如fly→flies study→studies
（3）过去式/过去分词的变化规则：一般在动词原形后直接加-ed
以不发音的e结尾的动词，后只加-d 如：encourage→encouraged；like→liked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为i，再加-ed 如：study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ed stop→stopped；plan→planned
（4）现在分词的变化规则：一般在动词原形后直接加-ing
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing 如：smile→smiling；write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ing 如：sit→sitting；dig→digging
少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing 如：die→dying；lie→lying
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1．In 2021, Chinese has ______ (get) the highest level in economy.
2．In recent forty years, America has _______(spread) its culture to the world .
3．Tina often _________ (wash) her long hair by himself.
4．In the playground，I threw the ball to her and she _________(catch) it.
5．I _________(forget) to turn off the fire when I left the kitchen last night.
6．When I __________(arrive) at the hotel，it was raining heavily.
7．Chang’e 5 came back home and __________ (bring) back some rocks and soil from the moon.
8．Students shouldn’t spend too much time __________ (use)mobile phones.
答案：got　spread　washes　caught forgot　arrived　brought　using
热门考点3 动词短语辨析
近年中考高频短语
(
1
)
laugh at嘲笑　
worry about担忧
prepare for为……作准备
agree with同意
ask for请求
talk about谈论
fill with用……装满
pick up捡起　
grow up长大
look out当心　
stay up熬夜
fill up装满
step back后退
make progress取得进步
make faces做鬼脸
make friends with… 和……交朋友
give one’s life to… 献身于……
stay away from远离
get along with取得进展；与……和睦相处
go to school去上学
go to bed上床睡觉
2．模拟题中常见的动词短语
take up占据；开始从事
take away带走；拿走
take off起飞；脱掉
take down写下；记下；拆掉
take out拿出来
take place 发生
take care of照顾
take part in参加
make a decision做出决定
make a mistake犯错
make a living谋生
make up组成；构成；编造
turn on打开
turn off关闭
turn up开大；调高
turn down调低；关小；拒绝
turn in上交
turn out结果是
give up放弃
give in屈服；让步
give away捐赠
give out散发；分发
give off发出(光、热等)
get to到达
get up起床；起来
get together相聚
get ready for… 为……做准备
get on上(车、船、飞机等)；进展
get off下(车、船、飞机等)；离开
keep away from远离
keep in touch保持联系
keep out留在外面
keep off使……不接近；回避某话题
keep up with并驾齐驱；跟上
keep healthy保持健康
put up搭建；张贴；举起
put on穿上；上演
put off推迟；延期
put out熄灭；伸出
put away把……收起来
put down写下；记下
look at看
look for寻找
look after照顾
look up查阅；仰视
look through浏览
look around环顾
come on加油； 快点
come out出现；出版；结果是
come over来访
come in进来
come true实现
come from来自
come up with想出，提出
go on继续
go back回来；返回
go away走开；离开
go by (时间)流逝；经过；走过
go over仔细检查；复习
go off爆炸；(闹钟)响起
be used to doing sth. “习惯做某事”
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某
牛刀小试(近年中考题改编）
1. Tim will _________ his father at home this summer.
A．look after　 B．laugh at C．Point at　 D．run after
2．—What happened to Rose
—She _________ from the tree and was sent to the hospital．
A．fell down　　 B．fell over　　　C．went off　　 D．went by
3．—Why did she _________ your gift that day
—Because she has a boyfriend.
A．turn down　　 B．put away C．turn up　　 D．cut down
4．—Lucy，please _________ the knife on the bed.
—No problem.
A．pick up　 B．take off　 C．put on　 D．set up
5．—Dad，I want to play computer games. Could I _________
—Sure.
A．put it on　　　B．turn it on C．take it off　 D．turn it off
6．(2020·北部湾经济区Ⅰ卷)Look! The Whites are _________ for a big family dinner in the kitchen.
A．looking　 B．Asking C．preparing　 D．searching
7．________ the picture and tell me which one your Chinese teacher is.
A．Look around　 B．Look like C．Look at　 D．Look out
8．You should _________ your clothes before you try on this T-shirt.
A．take off　　 B．put off　　 C．get off　　 D．fall off
9．If you would like to _________ more the details about the products，please call me.
A．try on　　 B．find out　　 C．wait for　　 D．write to
10．The doctors are trying their best to _________ how to treat the heart disease.
A．break out　　 B．work out C．put out　　 D．take out
答案：A　A A　A B　C D　C A　B　B