2022年中考英语二轮复习-语法点复习讲义-05讲（介词）

英语 学科 中考二轮语法复习讲义
含练习参考答案
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 年 月 日 星期 学科老师 班主任
教学课题 中考复习介词
教学目标 回顾学习基数词、序数词及相关用法
教学重、难点 突破中考题型及语法点的运用
教学内容
考点1：表时间的介词
(1)at, on, in的区别:
at多指“点时间”，如：
钟点 at nine o’clock;
某时刻 at a quarter past two;
在晚饭时at supper
on多指“具体某天或某天的早中晚以及时间前有形容词修饰等”如：
在1999年5月1号那天on May 1st 1999；
在星期天早上on Sunday morning;
在一个寒冷的夜晚on a cold night。
in 多指“段时间”，
18世纪in the eighteenth century; 在2003年 in 2003;
在春天in spring; 在六月in June;
在早上in the morning; 在他20多岁时in his twenties.
(2)before, after和in的区别:
before是指“在…之前”,如：在5点钟前before five o’clock; 在星期五前before Friday.
after和in是指 “在…之后”。 其后接“一段时间”时，in与将来时连用，after 一般与过去时连用。she will be back in two weeks (months, years).她两个星期(月,年)之后回来。
She came back after a week.她一个星期后回来。
若后面接的是一个“时间点”时，只用after。
She will arrive after two o’clock.她在2点后到达。
(3)since和for的区别:
两者与现在完成时连用时，since后接“时间点或过去时的一个句子”，for 后接“时间段”。
I have been in China since 2000(时间点).
= I have been in China for 12 years(时间段)。我在中国12年了。
He has stayed in this school since he came here.自从他来到这里后，他就呆在这个学校。
(4)考点1专练：用at, in, on, before, after, since, for 填空
1. Jacky was born ______ July 11th, 1998. I was born ______ July 1st, 1998. So I was born ten days _____ him.
2. We have four classes ______ the daytime and two ______ night.
3. Harry has stayed here _______ last night. He has been here ______ 12 hours.
4. I will be out _______ eight o’clock tomorrow. And I will come back _______ a month.
5. They get up ______6:30 every morning. But yesterday they got up _____ a quarter past seven.
考点2：表地点与位置的介词
(1)at和in的区别：
at后接小地方，in接大地方。
I live in Beijing while he lives at a small village in Yunnan.我住在北京，而他住在云南的一个小村子里。
(2)in, on和to的区别:
in 表示两个地方是相属关系(即一个小地方属于大地方管辖)；on表示两个地方相接(即两个地方是连接在一起的); to 表示两个地方相隔(即两个地方中间是隔开的)。如：
Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东在中国南部。(广东属于中国的一问部分)
Guangdong lies on the east of Guangxi. 广东在广西的东部。(广东广西是连接在一起的)
China is to the west of Japan. 中国在日本的西部。(中国日本隔海相望)
(3)across, through, over的区别：
across指表面上过；through指中间穿过；over指上空过。
The old man went across the road carefully. 老人小心地从路面上走过。
The sunlight went into the room through the window. 阳光透过窗户进入房间。
Look, a bird is flying over the tall building. 看，一只小鸟正飞过高楼。
(4)in front of 与in the front of 的区别:
in front of 指物体外的前面；in the front of 指物体内的前部。如：
There is a tall tree in front of my house.在我屋前有一颗大树。(树在屋外)
Can you see the desk in the front of the classroom 你能看见在教室前面的桌子吗？(桌子在教室里面)
(5)in the wall与on the wall; in the tree与on the tree的区别：
in the wall指在墙里面；on the wall指在墙表面；
in the tree指在树上的外来物；on the tree指树上本身长出的果实等。
There is a window in the wall.墙上有个窗户(窗户在墙里面)。
A beautiful picture is hung on the wall.一幅漂亮的画被挂在墙上(画在墙的表面)。
Tom put a bag in the apple tree and then he picked the apples on the tree.汤姆把书包挂在苹果树上，然后摘树上的苹果。(书包是外来物，而苹果是树本身长出来的)
(6)考点2专练：用at, in, on, to, across, through, over, in front of, in the front of 填空
1.I will arrive ______ the airport______ London next Wednesday.
2.Hunan is _______ the south of China. But it’s ______ the south of Hubei and ______ the north of Hainan.
3.There is a bridge _______ the river. And he often walks _______ the bridge to play with his friends.
4.At last he walked _______ the forest and saw a village.
5.Your mother is looking for you _____________ the classroom. You can’t stand ____________ the classroom to meet her. You have to go out to meet her.
6.There is a hole ______ the front wall and there is an air conditioner _______ the back wall.
7.Can you see the oranges ______ the tree Just pick them and put them _____ the bag _____ the tree.
考点3. 其他常用的介词：
(1)besides, except, but的区别：
besides是指“除…外，还有”，表示加的概念；
except指“整体中除去一部分”，表示减的概念；
but 常用于否定搭配nothing but,或nobody but 表示“只有，仅有”的意思。
I have to learn math, Chinese, politics besides English. 我除了英语外还必须学数学，语文，政治。
We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.除了星期六和星期天，我们天天要上学。
There’s nobody but Tom in the classroom.教室里只有汤姆在。
(2)in与with的区别：
两者都表示“用…”, in后接语言，颜色，笔墨等，且in和后面的名词之间一般没有其他词；with接具体手段与工具。且with与后面的名词之间一般有其他词。：
He told us the story in English.他用英语给我们讲故事。(in 后直+English, 中间没其他词)
Please color this cloth in red.请把这块布染成红色。
Kate wrote a letter in ink. 凯特用墨水写了这封信。
He hit my window with a stone.他用石头砸我的窗。(with 和stone中间有词a)
(3)表交通方式的介词:
一般情况下用by+交通工具的单数名词。要是介词与交通工具的名词间有限定词，则介词不能用by, 要用相应的in 或者on。具体如下：
by bus = on…bus; by bike = on …bike; by plane = on…plane;
by train = on …train; by ship = on …ship;
by boat = in …boat; by car = in…car;
by subway = in …subway
I often go to school by bus. 我常常坐公交车上学。(by和bus间没限定词).
He went to cinema by bike. = He went to cinema on a bike. 他昨晚坐单车去电影院。(前句by和bike间没限定词，而后句on和bike 间有限定词a).
(4)with和 without:
with表示 “和…一起，具有…”等意思，without则表示 “没有” 等意思，与with 相反。
China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家
I want to go to the park with you.我想和你去公园。
Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼就会死。
(5).考点3专练：用besides, except, but, in, with, by, on, without 填空
1. We need 20 more people to help us ________ Class 1and Class 2.
2. I do well in all the subjects ________ English.
3. There is nothing new in the room ________ a TV.
4. –What’s this ______ English –It’s an apple. Now you can cut it into half _______ a knife.
5. Next week I will go to Mount Emei _______ plane. But my parents would like to go there _____ a train.
6. You can’t go ______ him _______ my permission.
考点4：固定搭配
(1)短语类
agree with 同意 hear of 听说
pay for付钱 laugh at 嘲笑
give up放弃 prefer…to更喜 欢
take off脱下，起飞 learn from向…学习
send for派人去请 be full of=be filled with装满
depend on 取决于 at once立刻，马上
on one’s way to在去…的路上 belong to 属于
in a low voice 小声地 in public在公共场所
out of breath上气不接下气 in the sun在阳光下
on show=on display展览 in trouble有麻烦
to one’s surprise令…惊奇的是 on duty值日
in a hurry匆忙地 at last 最后
by the end of到…为止 in order to目的是
on the left(right)在左(右)边 out of work失业
with a smile带着微笑 at the same time同时
at the age of 在…岁时 on the farm在农场
be made of (from)由…制成 be busy with忙于
be angry with对…生气 be strict with (in)对..严格
be interested in对…感兴趣 catch up with赶上
be proud of 对…自豪 look forward to期盼…
in surprise惊讶地 out of sight看不见
take care of 照顾 thanks to多亏
hear from 收到…来信 help with帮肋
go in for从事 hand in 上交
(2)句子类
1).He walked into the classroom with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
2).It’s very difficult for you to learn math.对你来说学数学很难。
3).It’s kind of you to help me.帮了我你真好。
4).It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花2小时完成作业。
5).What about going out to play together 一起出去玩怎么样？
6).By the way, where will you go 顺便问一下，你要去哪里？
7).With the help of the teacher, I enter No. 1 Middle School.在老师帮助下，我考上了第一中学。
8).I often practice my listening on (over) the radio. 我常通过收听广播来练听力。
9). Jim studies English by asking the teacher for help.吉姆通过向老师求助的方式学英语。
10).I often go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我常常让卧室的灯亮着睡觉。
11).It’s time for supper. Let’s go to have it.该吃晚饭了，让我们去吃吧。
12).Thank you very much for sending me the present. 非常感谢你给我寄来礼物。
13).My father stopped me from going to the net bar.我爸阻止我去网吧。
14).John hit Jim in the face(on the nose).约翰打在吉姆的脸上(鼻子上)。
15).It’s a waste of time to do that again. 再做那事是浪费时间。
16). Bill is standing between Tom and Mike.比尔正站在汤姆和迈克之间。
17). He works in the factory from 8:00 am to 9:00pm.他从早上8点到晚上9点都在工厂工作。
18). We have nothing to do with the case.我们跟那个案子没关系。
一、巩固练习
( ) 1. Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai _____ April 29 to work for the World Expo.
A. on B. at C. of D. to
( ) 2. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China, so we are proud ______ them.
A. in B. on C. for D. of
( ) 3. –We’re all here ______ Lily. Where’s she –She’s gone to the library.
A. beside B. besides C. except D. but
( ) 4. –How soon will the manager come back – _______ about three days.
A. For B. After C. In D. During
( ) 5. –I joined the League _______ May, 2008. What about you
– I have been a League member ______ three years.
A. in, for B. on, in C. on, for D. in, since
( ) 6. Yesterday morning Tony hurried to class ______ his English book, so he had to share David’s.
A. with B. for C. without D. past
( ) 7. Shanghai lies _____ the east of China and _____ the northeast of Guangdong.
A. in, to B. in, in C. to, to D. in, on
( ) 8. If you get on well _____ your classmates, you’ll enjoy your school life more.
A. to B. at C. with D. in
( ) 9. This jacket will cost you _______ 15 and 20 dollars.
A. from B. between C. among D. with
( ) 10. I sit ______ Linda. She is just on my left.
A. next to B. in front of C. behind D. on the right
( ) 11. Lin Lin often practices English _____ chatting with her American friends.
A. in B. by C. for D. with
( ) 12. The young man walked ______ the forest and came to a big river at last.
A. on B. over C. through D. across
( ) 13. There are two doors ______ the wall.
A. in B. on C. for D. of
( ) 14.You don’t need to look ______ every word in the dictionary while reading.
A. for B. at C. out D. up
( ) 15. What did you eat ______ breakfast this morning
A. on B. in C. for D. of
( ) 16. Here are some presents ______ you _______ our best wishes.
A. to, with B. for, with C. of, about D. for, for
( ) 17.The plane took off 15 minutes ago. We have to go there ______ a train.
A. in B. on C. by D. for
( ) 18. It’s very foolish ______ you to make the same mistake again.
A. for B. of C. in D. to
( ) 19. Don’t worry _____ it. You have nothing to do _____it.
A. about, with B. about, against C. for, with D. for, on
( ) 20. Mr. Smith is a busy businessman. He works ______ the morning ______ the night.
A. in, at B. in, for C. between, and D. from, to
( )21. It’s time _____ lunch. Lucy and Lily are sitting ______ the table.
A. to, at B. at, for C. for, on D. for, at
( )22. It is dangerous ____ children to play _____ fire.
A. for, with B. for, / C. to, with D. to, /
( ) 23. John hit Bob _________.
A. in the face B. on his face C. in face D. by the face
( ) 24. If you spend more time _______ your study, I am sure you will do well _____ them.
A. in, in B. on, on C. on, in D. in, on
( ) 25 Marx began to learn Russian _______ his fifties.
A. in B. at C. for D. since
01-05 ADCCA
06-10 CACBA
11-15 BCADC
16-20 BBBAD
21-25 DAACA
二. 完形填空。
三.完形填空:
Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in the town. I wanted to have a rest before catching the rain. I 26 a newspaper and some chocolate and 27 into the station coffee shop. It was a cheap self-service place with long tables to 28 at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, 29 the newspaper and the chocolate on the table and then went to get a cup of coffee.
When I came back with the coffee, There was someone 30 in the next seat.
31 was a boy, with dark glasses and old clothes, and 32 bright red at the front. He had started to eat my chocolate!
Naturally, I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn’t want to have any 33 . I just read the newspaper, tasted my coffee and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me in 34 .Then he took a 35 piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it. Still I didn’t say anything to him. When he took a third piece, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, “Well, I shall have the last piece.” And I got it.
The boy gave me a strange look, then 36 up. As he left, he shouted out, “There’s something 37 with that woman!” Everyone looked at me, 38 I didn’t want to quarrel with the boy, so I kept quiet. I did not realize that I had 39 a mistake until I finished my coffee and was ready to 40 . My face turned red when I saw my unopened chocolate under the newspaper. The chocolate that I had been eating was the boy’s!
( )26. A. stole B. bought C. sold D. wrote
( )27. A. went B. sat C. seated D. looked
( )28. A. sit B. seat C. lie D. laugh
( )29. A. pushed B. took C. put D. pulled
( )30. A. jumping B. playing C. sitting D. sleeping
( )31. A. He B. It C. Who D. What
( )32. A. cut B. washed C. covered D. colored
( )33. A. coffee B. trouble C. chocolate D. matter
( )34. A. carelessness B. anger C. surprise D. happiness
( )35. A. first B. second C. very D. last
( )36. A. stood B. took C. cried D. looked
( )37. A. strange B. wrong C. OK D. funny
( )38. A. and B. but C. so D. while
( )39. A. spelt B. corrected C. made D. found
( )40. A. finish B. leave C. jump D.shop