2022年中考英语复习---语法知识精讲

九年级中考复习---语法知识精讲
一、时态
1、一般现在时：表示经常性发生的动作或客观存在的事实和真理
时间状语：always, every day, usually, often, sometimes
注意：as soon as, when, if 引导的状语从句，主句用将来时、从句用一般现在时
2、一般过去时：表示动作发生在过去
时间状语：yesterday, last week, 时间+ago, just now…
3、一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作
时间状语：tomorrow, next week, in +时间, soon
结构：will + do, be going to + do
4、现在进行时：表示动作正在进行
结构： be + doing
注意：go, come, leave, start, move, arrive, reach, get to, sail等表示位置移动的动
词用现在进行时表示将来
例： He is leaving tomorrow. 他明天将要离开。
5、过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在做的动作
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that moment, at that time…..
结构：was / were +doing
注意：when, while 引导的时间状语从句用进行时态
6、现在完成时：表示从过去开始的动作持续到现在，或已发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
时间状语：already, ever, never, yet, just, for+时间段, since+时间点, in the past +时间，
recently, lately
结构：have / has + 动词过去分词
瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的for 短语和since短语连用，也不能用于
how long 引导的疑问句中。如果要用，应将瞬间动词改为相应的持续性动词。
become----has been in borrow----has kept buy-----has had
die-----has been dead leave-----has been away begin----has been on
finish----has been over open-----has been opened close----has been closed
注意：have been to 去过某地几次，已回来
have gone to 去了某地，还末回来
have been in 在某地待了多少时间
7、There be 的一般将来时：There will be 或 There is / are going to be
★there be + 人 + doing sth (有某人正在做某事)
二、句子种类
1、祈使句：表示请求、命令，主语you被省略，动词用原形，否定：don’t + do
2、感叹句：
★What + (a /an)+形容词+名词（+主语+谓语）！
What an interesting story (it is)!
How + 形容词/ 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 ！
How interesting the story is!
How wonderfully the girl sings!
3、特殊疑问句：
★What’s your father (问职业)
★How long have you been here (问多长时间)
答语：----For +时间
How long is the bridge （问长度多少）
答语：----It’s + 长度
How far is it from here to the zoo (问距离多远)
答语：---It’s + ten minutes’ walk. (要步行10分钟)
How often do you take the piano lessons (问频率，多久一次)
答语：----Every + Saturday afternoon. -----Twice + a week.
★How soon will she arrive （问多久之后，用于将来时）
答语：-----In +时间
★ How tall ( 问人、树多高) How high (问山、建筑物多高)
4、there be 与have 的区别 （他们两者不能混合在一个句子中）
there be 句型表示“存在”关系，指某地存在有某物
have 表示“所属”关系，指某人、某物拥有某物
三、宾语从句
1、宾语从句的结构： 主句 + 引导词 +从句
2、宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”
例：Could you tell me where you are going
I don’t know where the meeting will be held.
3、常见的引导词：
that (没实际意义，可省略) 特殊疑问词： when, who, what, how, whose
if / whether（是否）---（在从句中含有or not 时，用whether引导，构成whether…or not）
★注意：whose (谁的) + 名词 例：He asked whose handwriting was the best.
4、从句的时态
★主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句的时态由句意决定
例：He doesn’t know that his mother came to see him. (他不知道他的母亲来看过他)
I want to know whether he lives there. （我想知道他是否住在那里）
★主句是过去时，从句只能用相应的过去时态
例：①He tells me that he is getting ready for the sports meeting.
He told me that he was getting ready for the sports meeting.
②He asks if you have written to Peter.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
③They wonder whether they will have an English exam next Monday.
They wondered whether they would have an English exam next Monday.
★如果从句陈述的是客观真理，时态要用一般现在时
例：Scientists proved that the earth goes around the sun.
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
5、宾语从句可以转化为含有不定式的简单句，即“引导词+to + 动词原形+其他”
例：I didn’t know how I could do it. = I didn’t know how to do it.
Mike didn’t decide what he would buy = Mike didn’t decide what to buy.
6、宾语从句的否定转移（否定前置）
例：I don’t believe they have finished the work. (我相信他们还没有完成工作)
四、定语从句
1、定语从句的结构：
The book which I gave you costs 10 yuan.
主句：The book costs 10 yuan. 从句： which I gave you
2、引导词：
★that 指人或物 （作主语或宾语）
★which 指物 （作主语或宾语）
★who 指人 （作主语或宾语）
★whom 指人 （作宾语）
例：The woman __________is the most important in my life is my mother.
The woman __________I am waiting for is my mother.
★whose 指人或物 （作定语）
例：The boy _________father works abroad is my deskmate.
那个父亲在国外工作的男孩是我的同桌。
★where 指地点 （作状语）
例：This is the factory _________I worked in two years ago.
This is the factory _________I visited two years ago.
3、当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, little, much, any 等时，只用that引导
例：I remember everything ___________the teacher taught me.
4、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、the very, the only, the last, the same 修饰时，只用that 引导
例：When Tom got to an island, the first thing_________he did was to look for some food.