人教版（新课程标准）选修八Unit3 Inventors and Inventions单元复习课件(62张ppt)

(共62张PPT)
高二选修8
Unit 3
Inventors
and inventions
1. ___________ n. 专利证书; 专利权
2. ___________ adj. 立方的
3. ___________ vi. & vt. 显示……的差别;
使……有所不同; 辨别
4. ___________ adj. 便利的; 方便的; 就近的
5. ___________ n. 文件; 档案; 文件夹
vt. 提交; 将……归档
patent
cubic
distinguish
convenient
file
6. __________ n. (评判的)标准; 尺度
7. __________ adj. 熟的; 成熟的
8. __________ vt. 拨(电话)
9. __________ n. 堵塞; 阻塞; 果酱
10. _________ vt. & vi. 轻打; 轻拍; 轻敲
n. 轻轻地敲击(声); 水龙头
11. _________ n. (水或气) 流; 电流
adj. 现在的; 当前的
12. _________ vt. 联想; 联系 n. 同伴; 伙伴
criterion
ripe
dial
jam
tap
current
associate
13. ___________ n. 电话分机; 扩大; 延伸
14. ___________ n. 人力资源; 人事部;
全体人员
15. ___________ n. 期望; 期待; 预料
16. ___________ vt. 抓住; 捉住; 夺
17. ___________ adj. 有效的; 确凿的
18. __________ adj. 充满活力的; 精力充沛的;
动态的; 发展变化的
19. __________ adj. 稳固的; 稳定的; 安定的
expectation
seize
valid
dynamic
stable
extension
personnel
20. ________ adj. 仁慈的
→ _________ adj. 残忍的
21. _________ n. 产品
→___________ n. 生产
22. __________ adj. 不锈的; 没有污点的
→ ________ n. 污点; 污迹
→ ________ adj. 满是污痕的
23. ________ adj. 突然的; 意外的
→_________ adv. 突然地; 意外地
merciful
stainless
stain
stained
product
production
abrupt
abruptly
merciless
24. ____________ n. 小心; 谨慎
→ _________ adj. 谨慎的
25. ____________ adj. 被动的; 消极的
→ _________ (反义词)主动的; 积极的
26. ___________ adj. 冰冻的; 严寒的
→_________ vt. 结冰
27. ____________ n. 鉴定; 辨认; 身份证明
→__________ vt. 确认; 确定
caution
cautious
passive
active
freezing
freeze
identification
identify
28. _________ adj. 清白的; 无罪的; 天真的
→ __________ n. 清白
29. _________ vt. 忍受; 负担
→ ________ (过去式) _______ (过去分词)
30. __________ adj. 实践的; 实际的
→_____________ adj. 理论上的
31. __________ n. 能力; 胜任
→ ___________ adj. 能胜任的
innocent
innocence
bear
bore
competence
competent
practical
theoretical
borne
1. _______________ 决定; 选定
2. _______________ 给某人打电话
3. _______________ 偶尔; 有时
4. ________________________
开始; 着手
5. ________________ 与此同时
6. ________________ 在预料中
7. _________ 迅速把手伸入; 一心投入
decide on
call sb. up
now and then
set about doing/set out to do
at the same time
in the expectation
dive into
8. _______________ 和……有联系
9. _______________ 不挂断; 稍等
10. ______________ 次序颠倒; 发生故障
11. ______________ 设法联系上; (设法)做完;
通过
12. _____________ 回电话
13. _____________ 挂断电话
be associated with
hang on
out of order
get through
ring back
ring off
Follow it up, explore all around it, and
before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它, 在它的周围探索, 不知不觉中, 某些值得考虑的东西将会占据你的大脑。
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
1.“有时”词汇全接触
① now and then 偶尔；有时
② now and again 不时；时而
③ from time to time 不时
④ sometimes 有时
⑤ occasionally 偶尔
2. -t与-ce之间形容词和名词的转换
① different → difference
② important → importance
③ patient → patience
④ innocent → innocence
⑤ confident → confidence
与发明相关的语块
the scientific inventions of the 21st century
21世纪的科技发明
come up with ideas 提出想法
In his lifetime, ... patented many inventions.
在他的一生中，……获得了许多个发明专利。
Every year, new inventions and products appear.
每年都有新的发明和产品出现。
Every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know.
每一个新思想或新思路必须与我们已有的知识联系起来。
They are the result of a long process of trial and error.
它们是长期试验与犯错误的结果。
If we want to develop our creativity, we can try using some of the thinking strategies of the great and the famous.
如果我们想要开发我们的创造力，我们可以试着采用伟人和名人所用过的那些思维策略。
We are living in the “Information Age”, a time of new discoveries and great changes.
我们生活在“信息时代”，一个充满新发现和大变革的时代。
1. distinguish vi. & vt. 辨别; 显示……的差别;
使……有所不同; 使著名
【教材原句】
Here was a chance for me to distinguish
myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明
某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住，又不会
伤害它。
【归纳】
distinguish between... and...
辨别……和……
distinguish... from...
使……有别于……
distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出
【拓展】
distinguished adj. 卓越的; 著名的; 杰出的
be distinguished for... 因……而出名
distinguishable adj. 易分辨的; 能区分的
1) 语言是人类区别于动物的特征。
Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals.
2) 泰山因它美丽的风光和丰富的文化而出名。
Mount Tai is distinguished for its beautiful sights as well as rich culture.
单句语法填空。
No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a ___________ (distinguish) writer. (2019 浙江)
【语境应用】翻译句子。
distinguished
2. bear vt. 忍受; 忍耐; 负担
【教材原句】
I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.
我受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。
【归纳】
can’t bear (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.
不能忍受(某人)做某事
can’t bear to do sth.
不能忍受做某事
bear a heavy burden
承担重担
bear the responsibility/the blame
承担责任/受责备
bear/keep sth. in mind
记住某事
bear in mind that…
记住……
1) 每个人都应该承担保护环境的责任。
Everyone should bear the responsibility to protect the environment.
2) 记住: 在去你朋友家前你最好提前给他打电话。
Bear in mind that you had better call your friend up in advance before going to his home.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
3. associate vt. & vi. 联想; 联系
【教材原句】
I feel honored to have the chance to live,
work and associate with them.
我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工
作和相处。
【归纳】
associate with sb.
与某人交往或打交道
associate … with ...
把……和……联系在一起;
be associated with...
和……有关
【拓展】
association n. 联合;联想;交往;
协会;团体
in association with... 与……合伙/合作
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) I always ___________________________
(把夏季和休假联系在一起).
2) We are working ___________________ a
local company to raise money for the
homeless.
我们正在联合一家当地的公司, 为无家可
归的人筹款。
in association with
associate summer with holidays
1. call up 给……打电话; 使……回忆起
【教材原句】
When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
当我给乡下的母亲打电话的时候, 她非常烦恼。
【拓展】含call的短语
call for 需要; 要求; 去接 (某人)
call at (火车等)停靠; 拜访某地
call on/upon 拜访(某人); 号召
call off 取消; 停止
call in 召来; 叫来(服务)
【联想】
ring up 给……打电话
ring/call back 回复电话
ring off 挂断电话
give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话
hang/hold on 不挂断电话
hang up 挂断电话
1) 她打电话给一个朋友，只是要聊聊天。
She called up a friend just for a chat.
2) 我8点钟来接你。
I’ll call for you at 8 o’clock.
3) 比赛因天气恶劣被取消。
The game was called off because of the
bad weather.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
2. get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);
(设法)做完; 通过;
渡过(难关); 用完; 耗尽
【教材原句】
I can’t get through.
我拨不通电话。
【拓展】
get down to 着手认真做某事
get over 痊愈; 克服
get on 进展; 进步
get in 收获
get away with 被放过; 受到从轻发落
get in 收获
① I managed to get through the game and the
pain was worth it in the end. (　　 )
② I’ve got through the driving test recently.
(　　　 )
③ I tried ringing you several times yesterday
but I couldn’t get through (to you). (　　　 )
④ As soon as I get through with my work I’ll
join you. (　　　)
⑤ We thought he could not get through the
winter. (　　　)
设法做完
通过
打通电话
做完
渡过
【语境应用】写出下列各句中get through的含义。
Follow it up, explore all around it, and
before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
跟随它, 在它的周围探索, 不知不觉中, 某些值得考虑的东西将会占据你的大脑。
【归纳】
本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”的形式, 祈使句要使用动词原形开头。
【拓展】
1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句 = If..., ＋主句
2)祈使句＋or＋陈述句 = If... not, ＋主句
3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句(名词短语中通
常含有more, another, further, earlier等
词)
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 快点儿，不然你就赶不上去伦敦的第一班火车了。
Hurry up, or you will be late for the first train to London.
2)了解唐朝的历史, 你会更好地理解唐诗。
Know about the history of the Tang Dynasty and you will understand the Tang poems better.
1. 过去分词(短语)作定语
① 过去分词(短语)作定语, 分词的动作与其所修饰的词之间常存在着逻辑上的动宾关系, 且该过去分词多表示已经完成的动作。
e.g. The concert given by their friends was a great success.
For some reason, Richard didn’t turn up at the meeting held yesterday.
过去分词复习(一)
② 及物动词的过去分词(短语)作定语时，相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。
e.g. The bridge built in the early 1990s is still in good condition.
= The bridge that was built in the early 1990s is still in good condition.
③ 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。如：a retired teacher一位退了休的教师；boiled water已经开了的水；developed countries发达国家；fallen leaves落叶；the risen sun升起的太阳。
2. 过去分词作表语
① 过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态。此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。
e.g. The glass is broken.
Our classroom is crowded.
My sister seemed quite delighted at the idea.
When Mr. Smith came to the door of his house, he found the door was locked.
② 除了系动词be外, appear, get, seem, look, sound, feel, remain等连系动词也可接过去分词作表语。
e.g. The teacher appeared quite satisfied with my work.
Stephen looks worried these days. What do you think has happened to him
③ 作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词, 少数不及物动词(如go, come等)的过去分词作表语时, 不表示被动意义, 只表示动作的完成。
e.g. They are gone for vacation.
3. 过去分词作宾语补足语
① 过去分词作宾语补足语时, 宾语补足语与宾语之间常存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 且该过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作, 有时候两者兼而有之。
② 感官动词see, notice, find, hear, feel等后可接过去分词作宾补。
e.g. We saw the injured sent to hospital shortly
after the accident.
When he returned, he found his room
thoroughly cleaned.
③ 使役动词have, make, get, keep, leave等后也可接过去分词作宾补。
e.g. I am going to the hospital this afternoon to have my eyes examined.
The lecturer couldn’t make himself heard with so much noise going on.
④ “with +复合宾语”结构中也可用过去分词作宾补。
e.g. The thief was brought in with his hands tied to his back.
With everything Lily needed bought, she left the supermarket and went home.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
2. Claire had her luggage ________ (check) an hour before her plane left.
3. The players ________ (select) from the whole city are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
checked
finished
selected
1. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially _________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. (2019 天津)
2. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _______ (take).
(2018 天津)
taken
designed
I. 课文语法填空。
When the writer called 1. _________ her mother in the countryside on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed 2. ___________(make) their home near their house. The writer considered 3. ________ a chance for her to distinguish herself by 4. __________ (invent) something that would catch snakes but not
it
up
to have made
inventing
harm them. She set about 5. __________ (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be 6._______ (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not 7. ________ (success). As a result, she had to attempt 8.________ third time,
whichhelped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was so delighted that she was 9. ___________ (determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get 10. __________ (recognize) for her successful idea.
determined
a
easily
researching
successful
recognition
II. 课文短文改错。
Alexander Graham Bell was born on 1847
in Scotland, but when he was young his
family moves to Boston. His mother was
almost entire deaf, so he became interesting
in helping deaf people communicate. He
found that by press his lips against his
mother’s forehead, he could make his mother
in
moved
entirely
interested
pressing
understand that he was saying.
Bell was an invent all his life. Though he
is most often associated to the invention of
the telephone, but he was indeed a continuing
searcher after practical solutions improve the
quality of everybody’s life.
what
∧
to
with
inventor
1. 消费者容易把名牌和高质量联系在一起 。
Shoppers tend to associate certain brand names with high quality.
2. 是爱和责任驱使他渡过了许多困难生存了下来。
It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to go through many hardships and survive.
III. 用本单元所学词汇和句式结构完成句子。
3. 婴儿不久就学会从其他成年人中辨认出他
母亲的面庞。
A tiny baby soon learns to distinguish its
mother’s face from other adults’
faces.
4. 尽力和你的孩子成为朋友, 这样你会真正
地知道他们在想什么。
Try to be friends with your children, and
you will really know what the are thinking
about.
5. 妈妈经常提醒我要记住“失败乃成功之母”。
My mother often reminds me to bear in
mind that “failure is the mother of success”.
如何用英语写求职信
【写作任务】
假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：
1. 口语能力；
2. 相关经验；
3. 应聘目的。
注意：
1. 词数100 左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【写作指导】
一、审题定调
本写作任务要求写一封求职信，申请做志愿者接待来访的国外中学生，属于应用文。求职信的语言要求正式礼貌，力求引起对方的重视，希望获得面试机会。求职信的时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。
二、谋篇布局
根据提示信息，我们可以将该求职信分为以下三部分：
第一部分：引出话题，说明写信目的；
第二部分：介绍个人优势（说明口语能力及相关经验等）；
第三部分：表达希望或请求，表示感谢并期盼回复。
【范文展示】普通范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I hear that our school English association needs some volunteers to welcome foreign students, so I’m writing to apply for the job.
I think I am fit for the voluntary work. Firstly, I’ve been learning English for nine years and I have a good knowledge of spoken and written English. Secondly, I can communicate with foreign students fluently, because I stayed abroad with some foreign
friends for three months. Finally, I’m very friendly to others, so I believe I can get along well with foreign students.
I hope I'll be accepted as a volunteer of our
school English association and I’m looking forward to your early reply!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
高级范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
It has come to my attention that you are looking for some volunteers to welcome foreign students, and I'm writing to apply for the position.
I do believe I am qualified for the voluntary work. First of all, having been exposed to English for nine years, I have a good command of both spoken and written English. Secondly, having three months of experience in
accompanying foreign friends, I believe I can swap ideas with native English speakers
smoothly. In addition, being considerate to others, I believe I will be on good terms with foreign students.
I would appreciate it if you could take my
application into consideration and please reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours truly,
Li Hua