Module3时态讲解课件2021-2022学年外研版八年级英语下册（40张PPT）

(共40张PPT)
时态讲解
一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加s或es。动词第三人称单数的构成方式如下：
构成方法 例词
一般在词尾加s work-works；spend-spends
在以s，ch，sh，x, o等字母结尾的动词之后加es pass-passes；wash-washes;teach-teaches；mix-mixes；go-goes
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es study-studies；try-tries
一般现在时
经常性或习惯性的动作或状态
考点突破
客观事实或普遍真理
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
主将从现（时间、条件、让步）
If it rains tomorrow，we won’t/ will not go to the park.
When I grow up，I will go to America.
Although he is 14 years old, he will join the army.
常与often，always总是，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。如：
I often go to school by bike.
( )1. If Nancy the exam,she will go to Australia for English study.
A.pass B.passed
C.passes D.will pass
( )3. — I don’t know if Mr.Li to the party this evening.
—I think he will come if he free.
A.will come; is B.will come; will be
C.comes; is D.comes; will be
C
A
( )2. The Greens will visit Hainan as soon as they? ?to China.
A.comes B.come C.came D.will come
( )4. Now my father? ?his bike to work every day instead of driving.
A.Ride B.rode C.rides D.will ride
B
C
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，即：主语+动词的过去式。动词过去式和过去分词的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下表是动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则：
一般过去时
构成方法 例词
一般动词后加ed work-worked；walk-walked
词尾为e的单词，直接加d
arrive-arrived；love-loved
辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加ed
study-studied；worry-worried
重读闭音节，且只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词，双写辅音字母再加ed
stop-stopped；drop-dropped
过去发生的动作或存在的状态
考点突破
常与last night昨晚，yesterday，last week上周，some years ago，in 1995，in the past在过去，the other day几天以前，
at that time, 在那时候，在那个时刻，just now等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： I got up at six yesterday.
过去的习惯或经常发生的动作
When I was in the countryside乡下，I often swam in the river.
主句现在完成时，since从句一般过去时
He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.
You haven’t changed much since we last met.
grow -- grew
know -- knew
throw -- threw
blow -- blew
write -- wrote
drive -- drove
ride -- rode
get -- got
forget -- forgot
lend -- lent
send -- sent
spend -- spent
say -- said
pay -- paid
stand -- stood
understand – understood明白
let -- let put -- put
cut -- cut read -- read*
am, is -- was
are -- were
do -- did
go -- went
have -- had
see -- saw
can -- could
may -- might
dig – dug挖掘
eat -- ate
find -- found
make -- made
hear -- heard
run -- ran
take -- took
hold – held举行，拿着
speak -- spoke
leave -- left
keep -- kept
sleep -- slept
sweep -- swept
tell -- told
sell -- sold
begin -- began
sing -- sang
sit -- sat
swim -- swam
ring -- rang
give -- gave
bring -- brought
buy -- bought
think -- thought
teach -- taught
catch -- caught
come -- came
become -- became
( ) 1. Our math teacher ?in our school for 20 years and he_____ here when he was 23 years old.
A.has taught;has come B.taught;comes
C.taught;came D.has taught;came
( ) 2. — You have found your lost umbrella, haven’t you
—Yes.I? ?it behind the door this afternoon.
A.have found B.will find C.found D.find
D
C
一般将来时通常用“主语+will/ shall／be going to+动词原形”来表示，有些动词可以用“主语+be doing”形式来表示。
一般将来时
肯定句：
主语 + will / shall + 动词原形
否定句：
主语 + will / shall not + 动词原形
一般疑问句：
Will + 主语 +动词原形？
特殊疑问句：
W、H开头特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句？
肯定/否定回答： Yes，主语+will. /No,主语+will not.
will not=won’t
将来发生的动作或存在的状态
考点突破
常与tomorrow，next week，in a few days（在一些天以内），next Sunday等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：
Will you be back in two days
be going to+动词原形，表示打算做某事，常指已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事
What are you going to do next Sunday
be doing也可表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情
常用这种结构的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，begin
等。如：She is going there tomorrow.
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易错点：There be 句型的一般将来时
There will be
There won’t be
Will there be…
Yes,there will.
No,there will not.
There is/are going to be
There is/are not going to be
Is/Are there going to be…
Yes,there is/are.
No,there is/are not.
There will be a football match tomorrow.
There is going to be a football match tomorrow.
( )1. —Let’s go fishing if it? ?this weekend. —But nobody knows if it? .
A.is fine;will rain B.will be fine;rains
C.will be fine;will rain D.is fine;rains
( )2. If there is any change to the plan, I? ?you as soon as possible.
A.told B.have told C.tell D.will tell
A
D
现在进行时的构成为：主语+be(am／is／are)+动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词和动名词的变化规则如下表：
现在进行时
构成方法 例词
一般在词尾加ing work-working；study-studying
以不发音的e结尾的动词，需要去掉e后再加ing come-coming；take-taking
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ing stop-stopping；swim-swimming
少数几个以ie结尾的单音节动词，须变ie为y后，再加ing die-dying；tie-tying；lie-lying
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
考点突破
—What are you doing 你在干什么
—I’m reading English. 我在读英语。
表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态
I’m reading books these day.
while从句动词通常要用进行时
While you are sitting on the grass，I’ll read you the novel.
现在进行表将来
come, go，leave，arrive，start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如：The bus is coming soon.
( ) 1. Don’t disturb Allen now. He _____ for the Spelling Bee competition.
A.prepares B.prepared C.is preparing D.will prepare
( )4. Be quiet ! The students _____ a physics test in the next room.
A.had B.have had C.were having D.are having
C
D
( )2. —Alan,it’s late.Why not go to bed —Jenny hasn’t come back yet.I ?for her.
A.waited B.have waited
C.am waiting D.was waiting
( )5. Listen! The phone .Please go to answer it.
A.rings B.is ringing C.rang D.will ring
C
B
( )3. —Jackson,I haven’t seen you these days.
—I for the coming English test.
A.am preparing B.will prepare
C.prepare D.have prepared
( )6. —Where’s your mother,Jack
— She’s gone to the supermaket.I think she now.
A.shops B.will shop C.shopped D.is shopping
A
D
2．过去进行时的用法
(1)表示在过去的某个时刻、正在进行的动作或存在的状态或过去某段时间一直做的动作，常与this time yesterday，at that time，at 9：00 last Sunday morning，all night等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
—What were you doing this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候你在做什么
—I was watching TV． 我在看电视。
过去进行时
1．过去进行时的构成
过去进行时的构成为：主语+be(was／were)+doing
过去进行时
。
(2)表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行。
过去进行时也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。如：
When I was watering the garden，it began to rain．
While we were having a party，the lights went out．
(3)表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连接词while连接。如：
I was writing while my mother was cooking．
George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio．
(4)“was going+动词不定式”表示过去打算做某事。如：
He was going to be our team leader．
( )1.— I didn’t see you at the beginning of the party last night.
—I on my biology report at that time.
A.worked B.work C.was working D.am working
( )4 .— Why didn’t you go to the cinema with us this afternoon
— I at the station for my uncle from Beijing.
A.was waiting B.have waited
C.am waiting D.will wait
C
A
( )2. Jenny ? in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
A.is cooking B.was cooking C.cooks D.cooked
( )5. — I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.
—Sorry, I? ?with my friends at that time.
A.swim B.swam C.will swim D.was swimming
B
D
( )3. Louis? ?computer games when her brother phoned her.
A.plays B.is playing C.has played D.was playing
( )6. I was very angry with John, he just? ?when I spoke to him.
A.isn’t listening B.hasn’t listened
C.didn’t listen D.wasn’t listening
D
D
现在完成时
用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
构成：
助v. have/has + done
否定句：
haven’t / hasn’t + done
一般疑问句：
Have / Has sb. done…
I have... = I've You have... = You've...
We have... = We've... They have... = They've...
He has... = He's... She has... = She's
缩写形式：
have/ has + done. (过去分词）
过去分词规则变化
1.一般情况下直接+ed，如look变looked；2.以不发音e结尾，直接+d，如 move变moved;3.以辅元辅结尾，双写尾辅，再+ed，如stop变stopped；4.辅音字母+y结尾，把y变i，再+ed构成过去式，如cry变cried；
过去分词不规则变化
常见不规则变化 AAA型 put-put-put let-let-let cut-cut-cut
ABB型 buy- bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught
find-found-found get-got-got stand-stood-stood
ABA型 come-came-come become-became-become
ABC型 begin-began-begun go-went-gone do-did-done
know-knew-known see-saw-seen give-gave-given
AAB型 beat-beat-beaten
现在完成时
使用语境
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去
We've already finished our homework.
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years.
have/ has + done. (过去分词）
2.常用标志词: already(肯定句) yet(否定句和疑问句 句末)
never（否定句）ever just before(句末）so far, these days,
1.She has not seen this film .
She has seen this film.
2.I have combed my hair.
Have you combed your hair .
3.He has watched a video.
He has not watched a video .
already ---------- yet 已经
用于肯定句 用于否定句，疑问句
yet
already
already
yet
yet
already
3.对点练习：
1. I ________ (do) my homework already.
2. He _____________(not finished) his homework yet.
3. _______you ever ______ (be) to Haiwaii
4. We ______ never ______ (see) such an exciting match before.
5.Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. Please don’t come in.
6.They _________________(practice) this dialogue twice.
have done
has not finished
Have
been
have
seen
has
cleaned
have practiced
1. have been to +地名, “曾经去过某地”, 人已回来
They have been to Beijing twice.
2. have gone to +地点, “去了某地”, 人未回来
They have gone to Beijing.
3. have been in +地点, “在某地待了多久”，可以和时间段连用
They have been in Beijing for 10 years.
4.【特殊句型要牢记】
用have /has been to和have / has gone to
have been in 填空
1.Lucy has been to the Great Wall twice.
2.— What about your sister，Lily？
— Oh，she Chengdu，
she will come back next week.
3.The Blacks have been in China for two years.
has gone to
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去
现在完成时表“延续”条件一： 与“延续性时间状语”连用
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years.
Tintin has been popular since 1929.
Tintin has been popular since over eighty years ago.
Tintin has been popular since the artist invented him.
“延续性时间状语”:
for + 时间段 since + 时间点
Have a Try: 用 for 和 since 填空
__________ three minutes __________ a week
__________ two o'clock __________ a long time
__________ two days __________ 1982
__________ yesterday evening __________ two weeks
__________ I came here __________ two years ago
__________ last Sunday __________ last month
for
for
for
for
for
since
since
since
since
since
since
since
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去
现在完成时表“延续”条件一： 与“延续性时间状语”连用
现在完成时表“延续”条件二： 谓语要表“延续性”
Her parents have married for twenty years. ( )
I have bought the pen since a week ago. ( )
Her parents have been married for twenty years.
marry-- be married
buy-- have
I have had the pen since a week ago.
现在完成时表“延续”条件二： 谓语要表“延续性”
动词按持续时间分类：瞬间动词& 延续动词
瞬间动词：
也叫点动词、短暂动词，指动作瞬间完成，发生后立马结束，不能延续。
如：start, finish, buy, borrow, lend, die, come, go, arrive, leave...
瞬间动词不能跟时间段 His grandfather has died for 6 years.
延续动词：
表示能够延续的动作，动作可延续下去或产生持久的影响。
如：read, watch, learn, work, stand, know, walk, wait, live, stay...
延续动词可以跟时间段 We have learned English for two years.
现在完成时
使用语境
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
2. 动作开始于过去某一刻，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去
We've already finished our homework.
Tintin has been popular for over eighty years.
时间标志词：before, already, ever, never, yet, so far, up to now...
现在完成时表“延续”条件一： 与“延续性时间状语”连用
现在完成时表“延续”条件二： 谓语要表“延续性”
瞬间动词转化为延续动词
for+段时间，since + 点时间
现在完成时 Vs. 一般过去时
模糊时间 Vs. 确切过去时间
begin/start—be on go there—be there
come here—be here　 come back—be back
open—be open　 close—be closed
die—be dead marry(结婚)—be married
finish—be over go to bed—be in bed
leave—be away from return—be back
get out—be out fall asleep—be asleep
fall ill—be ill　 lose—be lost
borrow—keep become—be
buy—have catch a cold—have a cold
get to/arrive/reach—be(in) join—be in+组织机构/be a member of+组织机构
put on—wear/be on get to know—know
现在完成时
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
have/ has + p.p. (过去分词）
We finished our homework two hours ago.
We've already finished our homework.
现在完成时
一般过去时
确切过去时间
言外之意：我们该放松一下了。
现在完成时 Vs. 一般过去时
模糊时间 Vs. 确切过去时间
模糊时间
1. 动作在过去发生，并且已经结束，但是对现在产生了影响
I have watched the Youth With You before.
I watched the Youth With You yesterday evening.
言外之意：我早就看过了。
时间标志词：before, just, already, ever, never, yet, so far, up to now...
现在完成时
模糊时间
一般过去时
确切过去时间