课件23张PPT。Fun with English
9B Unit1 Life on Mars
Grammar he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。around the sunObject clauses introduced by “that”: 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句I hear (that) _______________________.
He said (that) ______________________.
The teacher told us (that) ______________________________. that不能省略的几种情况
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。1. 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3. 主从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。About the planet MarsThese planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.
Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.
People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.
We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.
The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.
Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.Which sentence has an object clause?√√√Object clauses introduced by “if” and “whether”Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?
Ⅲ. if和whether的区别。
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说
2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether， 不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come
tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否要来。
3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。1. Uncle Wang came up to see _________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.Complete the sentences with “if / whether”.If / whetherwhether3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay?
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?whetherIf5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Whether其次要注意时态变化：
1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if/whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.Complete the sentences.whether/if we can grow plantsif/whether many people are going to movewhether or not he doeswhether I hurt her feelings1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。
We are wondering ______________________on Mars.
2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？
Could you tell me _________________________________ to Mars?
3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I don't know ____________________ any washing.
4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。
I was worried about _________________________.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
Tom says that they ______________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
I hear they ______________ (return) it already.
He said that they ___________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
He asked what they _____________ at eight last night. (do)
The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
I think you ____________ about the murder now. (talk) will be goes were playing have returned had been travels are talking were doing9. I didn’t know whom the letters ______ from. (be)
10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter.
(write)
11. Mr Wang told me that the earth ______ (move) round the sun.
12. Could you tell me who ___________ away the book already? (take)
13. Ling Feng told me he _________ there several times. (be)
14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)
15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken had been risesdid were将下列句子合并为一句:
1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked.
2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?
3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked.
4. He is doing his homework. He said.
5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked.
7. When will he come back? Tom asked.
8.How can I get to the station? Could you tell me?
9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?
10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework. Using “can”, “could”, “may” and “might” to talk about permission. can, could, may, might都可以用来表示请求或给予许可。但用法上有一些区别：1. can与could
can常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象一般是家人或朋友。如：
—Can I borrow your bike, Simon?
西蒙，我可以借一下你的自行车吗？
—Of course. 当然可以。
—Can I have some milk, Mum?
妈妈，我可以喝点牛奶吗？
—Yes, you can. 好的。 could是can的过去式，在口语中，could常用来代替can向对方更委婉地提出请求，用法上比can正式，可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时could不表示过去，回答一般还是用can。如：
a) —Could I use your computer, please? 请问，我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
—Yes, you can.
可以。b) —Could I hand in our homework later, Mr Lin?
林老师，我可以稍后交作业吗？
—No, you can’t.
不，不行。
2. may与might
may也可以用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”，相当于could，用法也比can更正式，更礼貌，一般用于向陌生人或所尊敬的人请求许可。如：
—May I ask you a question? 我可以
问你一个问题吗？
—Yes, please. 可以，请问。b) —May I come in, Mr Wu?
吴老师，我可以进来吗？
—No, you may not.
不行。
might是may的过去式，它也可以用来表示征求对方意见，不过很少用。might在语气上比may更婉转，但不如may表现得那么自信，这时might不表示过去时态，肯定回答时通常用may。如：
a) —Might I join you? 我可以加入你们吗？
—Yes, you may. 可以。b) —Might I have a look at your new plan?
我可以看一下你的新计划吗？
—No, you may not.
不，不行。
Can you help Simon ask for permission? Can
Could
May
Might father
Mr Hu
Andy
Cousin TonyI …?—Yes / No, you …THANK YOU !
GOODBYE !9B Unit 2 Robots
Grammar
第一部分 简要提示
一、年级：九年级
二、教学内容：9B Unit 2 Robots
三、课型：Grammar
四、教学目标
1. 知识目标
1) 掌握特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
2) 掌握in order to和as a result的用法。
3) 掌握need to的用法。
2. 能力目标
1) 能够运用特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句转述信息。
2) 能够运用in order to和as a result描述适当情境。
3) 能够运用need to描述适当情境。
五、教学重难点
1. 重点：四种句型结构。
2. 难点：特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
第二部分 教学流程
Step 1 Lead-in
T: Hello, everyone! Nice to see you again. Today we are going to learn the Grammar part together.
As we know, Millie is also thinking about buying a robot. But she hasn’t decided yet. She’s asking Daniel a few questions. Look at the questions.
Can the robot cook?
Will the robot bring any bad changes to your life?
Can you stay in bed for a bit longer?
Do robots sometimes go wrong?
Can you return it to the shop?
T: Can you make sentences with “if” or “whether”? For example, No. 1, “Can the robot cook?”
Millie asked Daniel if/whether the robot could cook.
Now, it’s your time to have a try.
Millie asked Daniel if/whether the robot would bring any bad changes to his life.
Millie asked Daniel if/whether he could stay in bed for a bit longer.
Millie asked Daniel if/whether robots sometimes went wrong.
Millie asked Daniel if/whether he could return it to the shop.
T: （用if/whether引导的宾语从句是我们在9B第一单元中学习的内容，大家可以看到这些句子在变为宾语从句前都是一般疑问句。在这里我给大家提一个问题，如果这些句子变为特殊疑问句，我们应该如何使用宾语从句呢？今天我们就来学习用特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。）Let’s look at the following sentences.
Step 2 Presentation and practice
T: 1. The robot no longer knew …. When should it cook breakfast?
2. Mr Jiang did not know …. What should he do with the robot?
（如果用宾语从句来连成一句呢？）Please open your books at Page 29.
The robot no longer knew when it should cook breakfast.
Mr Jiang did not know what he should do with the robot.
T: （看这两个例句，同学们能不能根据上一单元学过的if/whether引导的宾语从句来总结一下规则呢？）
规则一：我们用原来的特殊疑问词连接，不需加if/whether。
规则二：从句部分用陈述句顺序。（这一点和if/whether引导的宾语从句是一样的。
T: So do you know how to use object clauses introduced by ‘wh-’ words now? Let’s have a try. Would you please finish the exercises here below on Page 29. Here we have 6 questions from Daniel. Can you finish the sentences here below?
Where did Mr Jiang buy the robot?
When does the robot cook breakfast?
What did the robot buy at the supermarket?
How does the robot wash up?
Why did Mr Jiang return the robot?
Who will repair the robot that went wrong?
T: Have you finished? Let’s check your answers.
I’d like to know where Mr Jiang bought the robot.
Can Mr Jiang tell me when the robot cooks breakfast?
I can’t imagine what the robot bought at the supermarket.
I want to know how the robot washes up.
Can Mr Jiang explain why he returned the robot?
I want to ask Mr Jiang who will repair the robot that went wrong.
大家要特别留意动词在从句中变为陈述句顺序后发生的变化。
T: Now, let’s do some exercises.
I’d like to know … Where is your school?
Can you tell me … How far is the park from here?
I can’t imagine … How did they climb up the rocks?
Can anyone explain … Why does the sun always rise in the east?
I want to ask Jim … What will he do at the weekend?
T: Let’s check your answers.
I’d like to know where your school is.
Can you tell me how far the park is from here?
I can’t imagine how they climbed up the rocks.
Can anyone explain why the sun always rises in the east?
I want to ask Jim what he will do at the weekend.
T: 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句我们就学到这里。下面我们来学习in order to和as a result这两个结构。这两个结构我们在Reading部分都已经接触过了，分别用来表示“目的”和“结果”。一起来看一下书上的讲解吧。Please open your books at Page 30.
T: ‘In order to’ means ‘with the purpose of’. We can use ‘in order to’ to introduce the purpose of an action. in order to意思是“为了 ……”。我们用in order to来引出一个动作的目的。
We use ‘as a result’ to introduce the result of something. 我们用as a result来引出某事的结果。
T: Now let’s look at some examples.
In order to have more spare time, I decided to buy a robot.
I decided to buy a robot in order to have more spare time.
The robot did all the housework. As a result, Mr Jiang no longer needed to get up early.
(从例句中我们可以看出in order to可以放在句首也可以放在句中，如果放在句首的话，我们要用逗号把两部分隔开。而as a result一般都放在句首，并且在它后面一般用逗号隔开。
T: Now, let’s do some exercises. Please open your books at Page 30. Please rearrange the words and add ‘in order to’ or ‘as a result’ to make complete sentences.
T: Have you finished? Let’s check your answers.
In order to watch my favourite TV programmes, I had my robot wash up after dinner. OR
I had my robot wash up after dinner in order to watch my favourite TV programmes.
My robot made a lunch box for me. As a result, I did not have to go out for lunch.
In order to keep my flat as clean as new, I had my robot sweep the floor every day. OR
I had my robot sweep the floor every day in order to keep my flat as clean as new.
My robot caught a virus. As a result, my flat was in a mess.
My robot was just too much trouble. As a result, I returned it to the shop.
T: Now, let’s work out the rules. We can use ‘in order to’ at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
T: 学完这两个句型后，我们继续来学习need to的用法。
We can use ‘need to’ to talk about something that we have to do.
T: For example:
Mr Jiang no longer needed to do housework because he had a robot. (江先生不再需要做家务了，因为他有了一个机器人。)
Mr Jiang needs to return his robot to the shop because it is not working. (江先生不得不把机器人还到商店去，因为它不工作了。)
T: Now, let’s do some exercises. Please open your books at Page 31. There is something wrong with Daniel’s robot. Help Daniel’s father give Daniel some suggestions using ‘need to’.
T: Have you finished? Let’s check your answers.
Maybe (2) you need to check all the connections.
Maybe (3) you need to clean its cameras.
I’m afraid (4) you need to do it yourself.
Maybe I (5) need to read the instructions again.
I think you (6) need to return it to the shop.
T: Now, let’s work out the rules. We use the base form of a verb after ‘need to’.
T: Good. You’ve done a good job. Now would you please read this dialogue in groups? The students on the left will be Daniel. The students on the right will be Mr Chen.
