Unit3 The Computer and the Information Age-grammar教案2
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| 名称 | Unit3 The Computer and the Information Age-grammar教案2 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2012-12-12 14:52:36 | ||
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Unit3 The Computer and the Information Age-grammar教案
时态
一。总述： 为了便于讲解，我将英语中的时态，分为现在时和过去时。现在时包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，姑且把将来时也归入此类。过去时包括，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。一般来说，时态对应是指现在时对应现在时，过去时对应过去时。当然，特殊语境需要特别分析。
二。时态对应主要包括以下的典型用法。
1。下列情况下，如果主句是将来时《用will/shall/can/must/》或者主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。
1》在 if /unless/ even if/ 引导的条件状语从句中.如：
You will be punished unless you go though with the work.
I won't attend the party even if I am invited.
2》在when/before/until/as soon as/the moment/ once/引导的时间状语从句中。如：
I'll let you know the moment I get timely information.
Once you realize your mistake, you'll regret for what you've done.
3》在 no matter what/no matter who/no matter when/no matter where/no matter how/no matter which/或者 whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever 引导的让步状语从句中。如：
I'll believe whatever you have said.
However difficult the problem is ,we'll overcome it .
Wherever you go,I'll follow you.
We can help whoever gets in trouble.
2。在 祈使句+and/or+句子 的模式中，and/or 后的句子常用将来时态。如：
Put on the coat, or you'll catch a cold
Work hard,and you'll make rapid progress.
3。注意used to/would 区别。他们都表示过去常常。但would 常和时间连用，而used to 不可以。如：
When I was a boy, I would swim every day.<不用used to>
4.be about to do 如果用在简单句中，常用一般现在时。如果用在复合句中，常和when 引导的过去时的从句连用。如：
I am about to leave
when i was about to fall asleep when someone knocked the door.
但要注意be about to do 不和具体的时间连用。我们不可以说，We are about to leave this afternoon ,应说，we are about to leave或者说，we will be leaving this afternoon.
5.语境中的过去时常表示“刚刚，刚才”之意，暗示现在已经不是这样..如：
Sorry,I didn't know you were here .
6.表示愿望，打算一类的词，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如：
----Why haven't you attended the party?
---I had meat to,but I was busy.
7.在 It/This be the first/second/---time+that 句中。如果be 为一般现在时，that后的句子一般用现在完成时或一般现在时，如果 be为一般过去时，that后的句子为过去完成时。如：
This is the first time that I have met the famous scientist.
This is the first time that he gets involved in the tournament.
8.在 It be +段时间 +since 从句中，如果be 表现为 is或has been 形式，since 从句用过去时，如果be 表现为was 或 had been,从句用过去完成时。如：
It is 3 years since he has taught in this university.
9.在...hardly...when/...no sooner...than...结构中，hardly/no sooner 所在的主句用过去完成时，when/than所在的从句用一般过去时。而且，如果 hardly/no sooner 放在句首，主句部分要部分到装，从句结构不变。如：I had hardly recognized him when he turned up.
Hardly had I recognized him when he turned up.
No sooner had the train left than I got to the railway station.
10. 在“主句+before+从句”的结构中，如果主句和从句中动词先后顺序明显，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；如果主句和从句的动作先后顺序不明显，主从句都用一般过去时。如，
The film had been on for 30 minutes before I got there .
He hurriedly went out before I said a word.
11.在" it be+段时间+before从句"中，如果从句是一般现在时，主句中的 动词用will be形式。如果从句中的动词是一般过去时，主句动词用 was的形式。如：
It will not be some time before he graduates.
It was 3 years before he graduated.
12.在“will/shall be doing"结构中《将来进行时》，其后往往跟上具体的将来时间。如：
The plane will be flying over the Pacific this time tomorrow morning.
13.在“by + 时间”的结构中，如果时间是过去时间，主句中的行为动词常为过去完成时，但如果句中的动词是状态动词be ,仍然用一般过去时。如果时间是将来时间，主句中的行为动词用将来完成时，同样，如果句中的动词是状态动词be,仍然用将来时。如：
By the end of last year,they had completed the task.
By last month,he was 10 years old.
By he joined the army,he had served us as a cook for 5 years.
By next month,we will have learned Lesson 21.
14.在“主语+介词+主语”的结构中，句中的动词要以第一个主语作为标准，这类介词有with/together with/as well as/等。如：
The teacher together with the students is going to Hongkong tomorrow.
The dog ,as well as ten sheep is going to be shipped to Qingdao .
15.在 neither...nor.../either...or.../there be...等结构中，采用“就近原则”。如：
Were neither you nor he there when the accident happened ?
Neither you nor he was there when the accident happened.
There is a pen and ten books on the desk.
There are ten books and one pen on the desk.
16.注意一般过去时 和 过去进行时的区别。一般过去时可以指过去动作的完成，而过去进行时仅表示动作的进行。如：
---Has he finished the book?
---I've no idea, but he_____ it last week.
A.wrote B.was writing
学生很容易选A。从 I've no idea仔细分析，可以知道本句的动作是进行，而不是完成。所以B是正确的。
时态
一。总述： 为了便于讲解，我将英语中的时态，分为现在时和过去时。现在时包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，姑且把将来时也归入此类。过去时包括，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。一般来说，时态对应是指现在时对应现在时，过去时对应过去时。当然，特殊语境需要特别分析。
二。时态对应主要包括以下的典型用法。
1。下列情况下，如果主句是将来时《用will/shall/can/must/》或者主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时。
1》在 if /unless/ even if/ 引导的条件状语从句中.如：
You will be punished unless you go though with the work.
I won't attend the party even if I am invited.
2》在when/before/until
I'll let you know the moment I get timely information.
Once you realize your mistake, you'll regret for what you've done.
3》在 no matter what/no matter who/no matter when/no matter where/no matter how/no matter which/或者 whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however/whichever 引导的让步状语从句中。如：
I'll believe whatever you have said.
However difficult the problem is ,we'll overcome it .
Wherever you go,I'll follow you.
We can help whoever gets in trouble.
2。在 祈使句+and/or+句子 的模式中，and/or 后的句子常用将来时态。如：
Put on the coat, or you'll catch a cold
Work hard,and you'll make rapid progress.
3。注意used to/would 区别。他们都表示过去常常。但would 常和时间连用，而used to 不可以。如：
When I was a boy, I would swim every day.<不用used to>
4.be about to do 如果用在简单句中，常用一般现在时。如果用在复合句中，常和when 引导的过去时的从句连用。如：
I am about to leave
when i was about to fall asleep when someone knocked the door.
但要注意be about to do 不和具体的时间连用。我们不可以说，We are about to leave this afternoon ,应说，we are about to leave或者说，we will be leaving this afternoon.
5.语境中的过去时常表示“刚刚，刚才”之意，暗示现在已经不是这样..如：
Sorry,I didn't know you were here .
6.表示愿望，打算一类的词，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose, want 等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。如：
----Why haven't you attended the party?
---I had meat to,but I was busy.
7.在 It/This be the first/second/---time+that 句中。如果be 为一般现在时，that后的句子一般用现在完成时或一般现在时，如果 be为一般过去时，that后的句子为过去完成时。如：
This is the first time that I have met the famous scientist.
This is the first time that he gets involved in the tournament.
8.在 It be +段时间 +since 从句中，如果be 表现为 is或has been 形式，since 从句用过去时，如果be 表现为was 或 had been,从句用过去完成时。如：
It is 3 years since he has taught in this university.
9.在...hardly...when/...no sooner...than...结构中，hardly/no sooner 所在的主句用过去完成时，when/than所在的从句用一般过去时。而且，如果 hardly/no sooner 放在句首，主句部分要部分到装，从句结构不变。如：I had hardly recognized him when he turned up.
Hardly had I recognized him when he turned up.
No sooner had the train left than I got to the railway station.
10. 在“主句+before+从句”的结构中，如果主句和从句中动词先后顺序明显，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；如果主句和从句的动作先后顺序不明显，主从句都用一般过去时。如，
The film had been on for 30 minutes before I got there .
He hurriedly went out before I said a word.
11.在" it be+段时间+before从句"中，如果从句是一般现在时，主句中的 动词用will be形式。如果从句中的动词是一般过去时，主句动词用 was的形式。如：
It will not be some time before he graduates.
It was 3 years before he graduated.
12.在“will/shall be doing"结构中《将来进行时》，其后往往跟上具体的将来时间。如：
The plane will be flying over the Pacific this time tomorrow morning.
13.在“by + 时间”的结构中，如果时间是过去时间，主句中的行为动词常为过去完成时，但如果句中的动词是状态动词be ,仍然用一般过去时。如果时间是将来时间，主句中的行为动词用将来完成时，同样，如果句中的动词是状态动词be,仍然用将来时。如：
By the end of last year,they had completed the task.
By last month,he was 10 years old.
By he joined the army,he had served us as a cook for 5 years.
By next month,we will have learned Lesson 21.
14.在“主语+介词+主语”的结构中，句中的动词要以第一个主语作为标准，这类介词有with/together with/as well as/等。如：
The teacher together with the students is going to Hongkong tomorrow.
The dog ,as well as ten sheep is going to be shipped to Qingdao .
15.在 neither...nor.../either...or.../there be...等结构中，采用“就近原则”。如：
Were neither you nor he there when the accident happened ?
Neither you nor he was there when the accident happened.
There is a pen and ten books on the desk.
There are ten books and one pen on the desk.
16.注意一般过去时 和 过去进行时的区别。一般过去时可以指过去动作的完成，而过去进行时仅表示动作的进行。如：
---Has he finished the book?
---I've no idea, but he_____
A.wrote B.was writing
学生很容易选A。从 I've no idea仔细分析，可以知道本句的动作是进行，而不是完成。所以B是正确的。