Unit 4 Attitudes towards our Elders语法省略和替代
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Attitudes towards our Elders语法省略和替代 |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 358.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 冀教版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2012-12-12 14:52:36 | ||
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课件15张PPT。省略
和
替代 省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现在上下文相同的语境中。它们的共同目的都是为了让句子避免重复，言简意赅。
省略
1.复合句的省略：
状语从句由though, although, as if, unless, when, while, whether等引导，且同时具备下列两个条件:
1)从句主语和主句一致，或从句主语为it;
2)从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式。
则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 例如：
When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
He will go to the seaside for the holiday if (it is )possible.He will not attend the wedding unless________(invite)
He never speaks to other people unless ______(speak to)
He fell asleep while________ (read).
When _______ (heat), ice will become water.
Once ______(see), it can never be forgotten.
invitedspoken toreadingheatedseen2. 介词in, from等在搭配中的省略。例如：
He spends his evening (in) studying Chinese.
They are busy (in) cleaning the room.
We could stop them (from) moving the heavy box.
这类词常为waste/spend/ difficulty/ trouble/ prevent/stop等。
3. 省略不定式符号to。
不定式作动词make/have/let 以及感官动词(look at, see, hear, feel )的宾语补足语时要省略to，但变成被动语态时不能省略。例如：
The boss made the workers work all day and all night.The workers were made to work all day and all night.
在密切联系的语境中，为避免重复，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to。例如：
Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
—Did you invite him to the party yesterday?
—Yes, I’d tried to, but he refused. 4. if not/ if any /if so
Correct the mistakes, if______.
They try to cut down all the trees, if____, the environment will be damaged.
You should study hard, if_____, you will be sorry later.
anysonot二、替代
替代有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代。
1. 名词性替代常用one, it, that, those(the ones)
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
The houses of the rich are larger than those /the ones
of the poor.
1) There are several copies of Gone With Wind
in the bookstore I want to get one.
(可数名词单数，表泛指同名不同物）
2) There is only one copy of Gone With Wind in the bookstore I want to get it. （同名同物）
3)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
（ that：不可数；可数名词表特指=the one）
Few pleasures can equal that of a cold drink in hot summer.(the pleasure)
4) Mr. Smith gave the textbooks to all the pupils except the ones/those who had already taken them. 2. 分句式替代常用so, not。例如：
1. He hopes he’ll win and I hope so too.
2. —Will it rain today? —I believe not. (= I don’t think so.)
so用于替代宾语从句这种分句，表示说话者赞同前述事实，表示看法、意见等的动词有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, guess, afraid, hope, fear等。等变为否定形式有两种途径：
1）用动词的否定形式；
2）用not代替so。但be afraid so, fear so, hope so等变为否定形式只用第2种方法. 3. 与so有关的两个句型：
1) 表示说话者赞同前述事实：So + 主语+连系动词（助动词或情态动词）。例如：
—It was cold yesterday.
—So it was.
2) 表示前述情况也适用于另一主语的句型：
*So + 连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语,（肯）
* Neither (Nor) +连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语。（否）
So it is (was) with + 另一主语.（出现两个不同的动词）
It is the same with+…He is a farmer. So is his brother.
He has been America. So has she.
She didn’t come. Neither / Nor did her sister.
He is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.
(It is the same with Mary.)
Do you know Tom and Jenny quarreled?
I don’t know, nor do I care.
He has won the first prize in the match.
So he has. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
2. The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. don’t
3. —I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, _____________.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to 4. He is at least as tall as his brother, if not __________.
A. tall B. taller C. so tall D. the taller
5. __________ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received
6. —Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have _________.
A. it B. that C. one D. this
7. The Parkers bought a new house but __________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
8. Few pleasures can equal ____________ of cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
9. If you go to the cinema tonight, ___________.
A. I also go B. So do I C. So will I D. So I will
See you tomorrow!
和
替代 省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现在上下文相同的语境中。它们的共同目的都是为了让句子避免重复，言简意赅。
省略
1.复合句的省略：
状语从句由though, although, as if, unless, when, while, whether等引导，且同时具备下列两个条件:
1)从句主语和主句一致，或从句主语为it;
2)从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式。
则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。 例如：
When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.
He will go to the seaside for the holiday if (it is )possible.He will not attend the wedding unless________(invite)
He never speaks to other people unless ______(speak to)
He fell asleep while________ (read).
When _______ (heat), ice will become water.
Once ______(see), it can never be forgotten.
invitedspoken toreadingheatedseen2. 介词in, from等在搭配中的省略。例如：
He spends his evening (in) studying Chinese.
They are busy (in) cleaning the room.
We could stop them (from) moving the heavy box.
这类词常为waste/spend/ difficulty/ trouble/ prevent/stop等。
3. 省略不定式符号to。
不定式作动词make/have/let 以及感官动词(look at, see, hear, feel )的宾语补足语时要省略to，但变成被动语态时不能省略。例如：
The boss made the workers work all day and all night.The workers were made to work all day and all night.
在密切联系的语境中，为避免重复，作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to。例如：
Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
—Did you invite him to the party yesterday?
—Yes, I’d tried to, but he refused. 4. if not/ if any /if so
Correct the mistakes, if______.
They try to cut down all the trees, if____, the environment will be damaged.
You should study hard, if_____, you will be sorry later.
anysonot二、替代
替代有三种：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代。
1. 名词性替代常用one, it, that, those(the ones)
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
The houses of the rich are larger than those /the ones
of the poor.
1) There are several copies of Gone With Wind
in the bookstore I want to get one.
(可数名词单数，表泛指同名不同物）
2) There is only one copy of Gone With Wind in the bookstore I want to get it. （同名同物）
3)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
（ that：不可数；可数名词表特指=the one）
Few pleasures can equal that of a cold drink in hot summer.(the pleasure)
4) Mr. Smith gave the textbooks to all the pupils except the ones/those who had already taken them. 2. 分句式替代常用so, not。例如：
1. He hopes he’ll win and I hope so too.
2. —Will it rain today? —I believe not. (= I don’t think so.)
so用于替代宾语从句这种分句，表示说话者赞同前述事实，表示看法、意见等的动词有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine, guess, afraid, hope, fear等。等变为否定形式有两种途径：
1）用动词的否定形式；
2）用not代替so。但be afraid so, fear so, hope so等变为否定形式只用第2种方法. 3. 与so有关的两个句型：
1) 表示说话者赞同前述事实：So + 主语+连系动词（助动词或情态动词）。例如：
—It was cold yesterday.
—So it was.
2) 表示前述情况也适用于另一主语的句型：
*So + 连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语,（肯）
* Neither (Nor) +连系动词（助动词或情态动词）+另一主语。（否）
So it is (was) with + 另一主语.（出现两个不同的动词）
It is the same with+…He is a farmer. So is his brother.
He has been America. So has she.
She didn’t come. Neither / Nor did her sister.
He is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.
(It is the same with Mary.)
Do you know Tom and Jenny quarreled?
I don’t know, nor do I care.
He has won the first prize in the match.
So he has. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
2. The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street, but his mother told him _________.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. don’t
3. —I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, _____________.
A. I’ve no time B. I’d rather not C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy to 4. He is at least as tall as his brother, if not __________.
A. tall B. taller C. so tall D. the taller
5. __________ your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received
6. —Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have _________.
A. it B. that C. one D. this
7. The Parkers bought a new house but __________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
8. Few pleasures can equal ____________ of cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
9. If you go to the cinema tonight, ___________.
A. I also go B. So do I C. So will I D. So I will
See you tomorrow!