2022年中考英语定语从句关系代词讲解课件（共有PPT44张）

(共44张PPT)
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
先来看几个相关术语
1.定语
2.定语从句
3.先行词
4.关系词
1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
a clever boy The boiling water
Fallen leaves
The man who you are looking for
2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning
What is the function of the underlined part
Tom is a handsome boy.
The little boy needs a blue pen.
The boy in the classroom needs a pen.
The pen bought by her is made in China.
The man standing there is my teacher.
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
定语从句：一个句子充当定语
3.先行词：
4.关系词：
关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：
1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
The boy who is reading needs the pen.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词：被修饰限定的词
关系词：引导定语从句的词
定语从句：一个句子充当定语
God helps those who help themselves.
He who laughs last laughs best.
Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
自助者天助。
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Guess the meaning of the following proverbs
Description
He is a Chinese.
He plays an important part in NBA.
He was born in Shanghai.
Shanghai is an international city.
He is a good man.
People all like him.
People are proud of him.
He is a famous basketball player.
His wife is Ye Li.
He loves basketball.
He plays basketball very well.
He is a Chinese.
He plays an important part
in NBA.
He is a Chinese who/ that plays an important part in NBA.
变为定语从句
He was born in Shanghai.
Shanghai is an international city.
He was born in Shanghai
which / that is an international city.
He loves basketball.
He plays basketball very well.
He loves basketball which/that he plays very
well.
summary
关系词在从句中所作的成分 先行词的类别 关系词的选择
宾语
人
物
that/
who/省略
which/that/
省略
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
指人 指物 subject (主语) object (宾语) attribute（定语）
whom
who
which
that
whose
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
从括号中选择正确的关系代词完成句子
1.The season ____ follows spring is summer. (that / who / 不填)
2. This is the museum we visited last Saturday. (that / whom / 不填)
3. The boy John is speaking with is my brother. (which / whom/ 不填)
4. The building ____ walls are white is my uncle's house. (which / whose / 不填)
练习巩固
that
that / 不填
whom/ 不填
whose
5. Will you please lend me the book ____ you bought yesterday (which / that / whose)
6. The girl ____ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital. (who / whom / whose)
7. The student ____ the teacher praise at the class meeting is our monitor. (which / whom / whose)
8. I found some photos of tourist sites ____ were not far away from our city. (which / that /不填 )
which / that
whose
whom
which / that
看图填句
The man _________________ is Liuxiang.
who ran fastest
Liuxiang is the man ________________.
who ran fastest
a boy，
has a scar， forehead
Harry Porter is a boy ____________ _____________________.
who/that has a scar on his forehead
xinji is a city ___________________ _____.
Xinji
a city
develop fast
which /that develops fast
基础练习
1. Is that the house ____ you bought last year A. where B. which
2. Is that the picture ___ you are laughing at A. which B.where
3. It is the most interesting book ___I’ll ever read. A. which B. that
B
B
A
4.The street ______is to the park is very narrow. A. where B. which
5.The person ___finds my watch will get a reward. A. who B. when
6.This is the room __ we listened to the lecture. A. which B. where
B
A
B
7.The boy ___mother is ill can not come to the party.
A. who B. whose
8.Tell me the reason ___ you are late.
A. which B. why
B
B
翻译
1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。
2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。
3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。
He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.
I don’t know the girl whom/that you
speak to.
She is a girl who is called Mary.
4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。
Those boys who are playing tennis are
my friends.
关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that
考点一
只用that，不用which
1.all, little, much, few, none, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词或者先行词被其所修饰时； All that can be done has been done.
2. 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时； This is the best TV that is made in China.
3. 先行词前有the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时；
4.先行词既有人也有物
5.主句以which, who, what开头的疑问句.Who that you have ever seen can do it better
有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom
考点二
只用which，不用that
有机器的房间是车间。
The room __________ there is a machine is a workshop.
The room __________ there is a machine in is a workshop.
in which
(which/ that)
一、非限制性定语从句
二、用在介词后
I have lost the pen, _____ I like very much.
which
1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.
１．He made the same mistakes again ,_____ made his parents very angry.
２．Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_______ cost me more than 100 yuan .
３．Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.
４．My uncle has come back from abroad,______ I haven’t met for a long time.
which
which
who
whom
Fill in the blanks
1.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen.
2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
3.Xiao Wang ,with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.
2、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom.
(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点
①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。
② whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：
The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。
④whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如：
The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.
③ whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。
⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如：
The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.
The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous
whom in the world.
that

(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.
The dress which she is wearing is new.
that

(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子
(3) He is the kind person.
I have ever worked with him.
(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.
whom
that

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

四. 介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句
1. 介词的选用原则：
根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.
This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.
(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。
I remember the day on which I joined the Party.
I remember the days during which I lived there.
2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且关系代词不能省略。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.
I can’t find the pen with which I was writing .
3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物), who/whom/that(指人)作从句中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
(whom/who/that)
(which/that)
Dad is a person________________ I can easily talk to.
Is this the play ___________ you were talking about just now
4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：
This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.
The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
5. 先行词是the way，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。
I didn't like the way _______________
she talked to me.
The way _________________he
teaches English is interesting.
（that/in which）
（that/in which）
1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things _______
we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked
with.
7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
that , which or who
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
through over across