译林初中英语八下Unit1 past and present知识复习与练习（含答案）

八下Unit1 past and present知识复习与练习
八下 Unit1
1 past n.过去 past 介词 经过
2 present n. 现在，目前
3 just adv.刚才
例句：I’ve just eaten it.
4 used to (过去持续或常发生)曾经
例句：You used to be so kind to me.▲Used to do sth过去常常做某事
5 since conj.自…以来
例句：I’ve lived here since I was born.
6 ever adv.曾经，永远，这以前
例句：Have you ever moved house Move house搬家
7 northern adj. 北方的，北部的 North名词 北方，北部
例句：▲I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents.▲In the northern part of... 在...的北部
8 married adj. 已婚的，结婚的 Marry动词 结婚，嫁，娶
9 wife (pl. wives) 妻子
10 block n. 街区 复数blocks
11 since prep.自…以来
例句：When I got married in 1965,my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.▲Get married 结婚
12 over prep.在…期间
例句：▲Has the town changed a lot over the years ▲Change a lot变了很多Over the years这些年来
13 turn ... Into ... 把…变成…
例句：▲Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.▲Turn ...into... 把...变成...▲Turn into变成...
14 pollution n.污染；污染物 不可数Pollute 动词 污染
例句：Was pollution a problem then
15 factory n.工厂 复数 factories
例句：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.
16 waste n.废料；废品 不可数Waste动词 浪费
例句：▲They often put the waste into the river.Put the waste into the river把废物倒进河里
17 realize 意识到；实现
18 improve vt.& vi.改进，改善
19 situation n.形势，情况
例句：▲Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.▲Take action to do sth采取行动做某事▲Improve the situation改善情况
20 in some ways 在某种程度上
21 however adv.然而
22 impossible adj. 不可能的
23 before adv.以前，过去，已经
例句：▲It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.As often as before像以前一样经常
24 lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的
25 from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔
例句：Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.From time to time不时，有时Feel a bit lonely感觉有点孤单
26 anyway adv.尽管，即使这样
27 husband n.丈夫
28 interview n.采访；会见
例句：Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen.
29 all one's life 一生
例句：Has he lived in Sunshine Town all his life
30 yet adv.还，仍
例句：My parents haven’t come back yet.▲Yet用于否定句和一般疑问句
31 recently adv.近来，最近
例句：Have you seen any films recently
32 past adj.过去的
33 environment n. 环境
34 transport n.交通车辆，运输工具 不可数
35 condition n.环境，条件，状况 复数conditionsLiving conditions居住条件
36 return vi.返回
例句：She’s just returned from the USA.Return from... 从...回来
37 last adv.最近，上一次；最后
38 abroad adv.到（在）国外
例句：She went abroad with her parents.Go abroad出国
39 primary adj. 小学教育的；初级的
例句：You were still at primary school then.At primary school在小学
40 keep in touch 保持联系
例句：How do you keep in touch with each other
41 communicate vi.&vt.交流，交际
例句：▲We mainly communicate by municate with sb与某人交流
42 communication n.交流，交际
43 exactly adv.（答语）正是，没错 exact精确的，准确的
例句：▲The Internet makes communication much easier.Exactly.
44 be/get used to 习惯于，适应于
例句：It is easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.
45 narrow adj. 狭窄的
例句：In the past,there were only narrow and dirty roads in the small town.
46 open space 开阔的空地
例句：The government has also built shops and tall buildings in some open spaces.Some large open spaces一些大的开阔的空地
▲现在完成时现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)过去分词变化规则如下：1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited(2)以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　live→lived→lived (3)以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。cut→cut→cut hit→hit→hit现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for + 时间段 译为：……时间②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)③since + 时间段 + ago④since + 从句(过去时)⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如 recently, in/over/during the past few years , these days/years , up to now, so far等。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等
▲词组背诵
over the past ten years 在过去的十年里
at present/at the moment 现在，目前
have an interview with sb./interview sb 采访某人
used to （用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经
all one's life 一生
be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做
protect the environment 保护环境某事
keep in touch with... 与...保持联系
communicate with... 与...交流
much cleaner 干净得多
since then 从那时起
as...as before 和以前一样...
in the northern part of town 在城镇的北部
a bit 有点儿
because of 因为，由于
marry sb=get married to sb 与某人结婚
take place 发生
go abroad 出国
put...into... 把...放入...
in some ways 在某种程度上
turn...into... 把...变成...
by bike 骑自行车
improve the situation 改善情况
too many 太多
open spaces 开阔的空地
over the years 在这几年间
hear about... 听说（关于某人或某物）
take action to do sth 采取行动干某事
from time to time 不时，有时
知识点Welcome to the unit P.6--71.在过去的10年里 (现完标志)over /in/ during the past/ last 10 years 在过去 in /during the past (一般过去时标志)2.不同时期的交通工具 transport at different times3.现在和过去 past and present 现在 at present = now 4.将A改变成B change A into B 改变很多 change(动词) a lot这些年这镇变化大吗？(change n.变化 可数)Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years 在香港，有了很多的变化。 There have been many changes in Hong Kong. =Many changes have taken place in HK.时代改变了。 Times have changed.5.(1) 过去常常…(现在不这样) used to do /be你过去对我友好。 You used to be kind to me.过去有…，不是吗？ There used to be…, didn’t there (2)A被用来做某事 A be used to do/ for doing(3) 某人习惯与做某事 sb be/get used to doing6.等下一辆车要很长时间。It took a long time to wait for the next bus.7.方便快捷 easy and fast环城 go around the cityReading P.8-118. 非常了解sth know sth very well你有多了解A？ How well do you know A 9.我一出生就住在这儿。 I’ve lived here since I was born.从那时起我们就住在这片区域。 We’ve lived in this area since then.10. 搬家 move house搬了两个街区 move two blocks away搬走 move away搬到某处 move to sp 从父母处搬走 move away from parents搬进新的公寓 move into new flats11.在镇的南部 in the northern part of town = in the north of town12. A和B结婚 A marry B = A get married to B= A and B get married结婚 get married13.在镇中心 in the centre of town=in the town centre镇中心的部分 part of the town centre 14. 将A变成B turn A into B政府将镇中心的部分地方变成一个新公园。The government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. 15.那时污染是个问题吗？Was pollution a problem then 空气/水/噪音污染 air/water/noise pollution一条被污染的河 a polluted river16.在河附近曾有一个钢铁厂。There was once a steel factory near the river.17. 把废弃物排到河中put the waste into the river一种时间/钱的浪费 a waste of time/money18.后来政府意识到这个问题， 并采取措施改善环境。Later, the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. 意识到…. realize that…改善环境 improve the situation改善人们的生活 improve people’s lives19.现在河水干净多了。Now the river is much cleaner.20.在某些方面 in some ways 在往…的路上 on the way to sp. 以这种方式 in this way 顺便说一下 by the way 21.有一个漂亮的现代化的镇真的很好。It’s really nice to have a beautiful modern town.22.对我们来说,像以前一样频繁见到彼此变得不可能了。It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as possible. 23.玩牌下中国象棋 play cards and Chinese chess 24.不时地感到点孤独 = at times= sometimes feel a bit lonely from time to time 26.日新月异的变化发生了。Amazing changes have taken place.27. A 采访B A interview B = A have an interview with B 多给我讲讲你与陈先生的会面tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen28.在某人的一生中 in one’s life/lifetime29. please (v.)---pleased (adj. 高兴的,修饰人)----pleasant (adj. 令人高兴的,修饰事物) ----- pleasure (n. 快乐)(1)…..是令人愉快的 It’s pleasant to do sth = It’s a pleasure to do sth让人愉快的一天 a pleasant day (2)做某事我高兴 I am pleased to do sth 对。。满意/高兴 be pleased with …(3)---Would you like to come to my party --- With pleasure (很荣幸)(回答建议或请求)---Thank you very much --- It’s my/ a pleasure! Grammar P.12-14 30.修好 repair over 31.我们几年没见了。We haven’t seen each other for years.他还没回来。 He hasn’t come back yet.近来你看电影了吗？Have you seen any films recently 32.在上个世纪中 during the last century在21世纪 in the 21st century Integrated skills P.15-1633.那时空气干净有新鲜。The air was clean and fresh then.34.一个新的火车站 a new railway station35.当地的居民过去住在老房子里。Local people used to live in old houses36.乘汽车到镇里和出镇旅游。Travel to and from the town by bus.37.保护环境 protect the environment 38.更好的生活条件 better conditions 39.又一个大的变化是…Another big change is…40.从美国回来 return from the USA41.出国 go abroad 在国外 be abroad42.小学 be at primary school送某人去学校 take sb to school 43.A与B保持联系 A keep in touch with B44.A与B联系 A communicate with B=A have communication with B我们主要电邮联系 We mainly communicate by mail因特网使得沟通容易得多。The Internet makes communication much easier.45.正是，没错 Exactly !Study skills P.1746.在一些方面生活正变得更好。 Life is getting better in some ways47.迅速适应生活的变化是不容易的It’s not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.48.独自 on one’s own= by oneself= aloneTask P.18-1949.狭窄脏乱的马路 narrow and dirty roads垃圾遍地 There was rubbish everywhere.50.现在街道又宽又干净，两边种了很多树。Now the streets are wide and clean, with many trees on both sides.在…两边 on both sides/ either side/ each side51.在开阔的空间 in open spaces词形变化：marry v.结婚-- married adj.已婚的--marriage npollute v.污染---polluted adj. 被污染的pollution n. 污染 （不可数）interview v./n.采访,会见--interviewer n.采访者north n.北方—northern adj.北方的wife n.妻子—wives (复数)possible adj.可能的—impossible adj.不可能的communicate v.交流—communication n.（不可exact adj.准确的---exactly adv.确实recent adj.最近的---recently adv.近来
巩固练习一.单项选择( )1.Don’t you think that the river is now A. much cleaner B. very cleaner C. much clean D. cleanest( )2. —I have bought a Chinese-English dictionary —When and where you it A. have; bought B. did; buy C. will; buy D. do; buy( )3.He has kept in touch with us .A. since a month B. for a month C. for a month ago D. in a month( )4.My son up yet because he to bed very late last night.A. hasn’t got; has gone B. didn’t get; went C. doesn’t get; went D. hasn’t got; went( )5.Millie had an interview Lily’s grandpa this morning.A. and B. to C. with D. about( )6. ---Where is Mr Green now I haven't seen him for a few days. ---He __________ to Hong Kong. A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone( )7. --I've got an job in New York -- Oh,_________ ! But I'm going to miss you. A. that's too bad B. I'm sorry C. I beg your pardon D. that's great( )8. ---Is your father in ---No, he ________ for three hours. A. was out B. has been out C. went out D. has gone out( )9. ---Excuse me, does Mr Smith's son live here ---He ____________ be here, but he has moved . A has to B. used to C. tried to D. happened to ( )10. ---Have you written anything on Chinese traditional food so far ---_________,but I have a plan for it. A. Ever since B. Later on C. Not yet D. From now on( )11. Zhao Lan ____________already _________ in this school for two years. A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying( )12. We _________ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B had known C. have known D. knew( )13. Harry Potter is a very nice film I ___________ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see( )14. The Internet has made it ______ for us to search for information A. more difficult B more easier C. much easier D. more easily( )15. ---________ you __________your homework yet ---Yes. I ____________ it a moment ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finish二.词汇填空1. ---What's on TV --The host is having an_______________(采访) with TF BOYS.2. According to the present__________ (形势),it’s hopeless for our team to win.3. That's a large city in____________ (north) China.4. They can ask their_____________(marry) friends.5. The level of _____________ (pollute) in the river was falling.6. All his efforts were_____________(waste).7. It is ___________ (possible) for me to climb such a high mountain.8. When I bought this house, I thought of the _______________（环境）around first.9. He moved to another flat three _______________（街区）away from here.10. The government hopes to improve the living _______________（状况）of the farmers.三.完成句子1．妈妈一小时前做好了晚饭。 _______________________________________________________________________2．Mary不再穿这件旧上衣了。 _______________________________________________________________________3．Eddie，你看见我的食物了吗 _______________________________________________________________________4．Mr Green每天乘双层公共汽车去上班。 _______________________________________________________________________5．自从去年毕业后，我再也不是一名学生了。 ________________________________________________________________________6．到目前为止，你看了多少部英文电影 _______________________________________________________________________7．这家老的电影院已经变成了一家大型超市。 _______________________________________________________________________8．后来，政府意识到水污染是一个非常严重的问题。 _______________________________________________________________________四.完形填空Mr Brown lived in a small town. One day he 1 a long journey. It was very late when he was going home. 2 he found that a man 3 behind him. Mr Brown went faster, and the man walked faster, too. 4 Mr Brown walked slowly and the man slowly, 5 . Now, they were coming near a garden. Quickly Mr Brown ran 6 it. He tried to get away from the man in this way, but he failed. He was very afraid. He rushed and the man rushed after him. Now Mr Brown stopped. “Excuse me…”he said. “What do you want 7 ”“ 8 , sir,” answered the man. “You see, I have to 9 Mrs King a bag and I asked the man at the station. He told me, ‘Go right after that man. He lives in the house just next to 10 . ’”( ) 1. A. have B. go C. is D. had( ) 2. A. Suddenly B. Quietly C. Badly D. Fortunately( ) 3. A. was coming B. come C. was walking D. walk( ) 4. A. What B. When C. Where D. How( ) 5. A. neither B. either C. still D. too( ) 6. A. into B. on C. of D. at( ) 7. A. something B. anything C. do D. to do( ) 8. A. Sorry B. Excuse me C. OK D. No( ) 9. A. borrow B. lend C. give D. bring( ) 10. A. Mrs King B. Mr Brown C. you D. me五.阅读理解Clara Daly was sitting on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when she heard a worried voice over the loudspeaker: “Does anyone on board know American Sign Language ”Clara, 15 at the time, pressed the call button. An air hostess came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf,” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was traveling alone and the air hostesses couldn’t understand what he needed.Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help blind and deaf people and she knew she’d be able to finger spell into the man’s palm. So she rose from her seat, walked toward the front of the plane, and knelt by the seat of Tim Cook, then 64. Gently taking his hand, she signed, “How are you Are you OK ” Cook asked for some water.When it arrived.Clara returned to her seat. She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit, she stopped and stayed for a while.“He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk,” Clara said.So for the next hour.she talked about her family and her plans for the future. Cook told Clara how he had become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a travelling salesman. “Even though he couldn’t see her, she looked attentively at his face with such kindness,” a passenger reported.“Clara was amazing.” an air hostess told Alaska Airlines in an interview. “You could tell Cook was very excited to have someone he could speak to, and she was such an angel.”Cook’s reply: “Best trip I’ve ever had.”( )1. What was the air hostesses’ problem A. They had a very difficult passenger. B. They couldn’t understand the passenger.C. They didn’t know the passenger s name. D. They didn’t have what the passenger wanted.( )2. Why did Clara Daly believe she could help A. Because she happened to learn some ASL. B. Because she had helped people like Cook. C. Because she thought she might know Cook. D. Because her grandfather had the same problem.( )3. Why did Tim Cook keep asking for service A. Because he was hungry and thirsty. B. Because he needed someone to talk to.C. Because he was afraid of taking planes. D. Because he was interested in Clara’s story.( )4. Which of the following words best describe Clara Daly Brave and clever. B. Beautiful and lovely. C. Patient and caring. D. Outgoing and friendly.答案一.单项选择 ABBDC DDBBC CCBCB二.词汇填空1. interview 2. situation 3. northern 4. married 5. pollution6. wasted 7. impossible 8. environment 9. blocks 10. condition三.完成句子1．Mom to do the dinner an hour ago．2．Mary no longer had to wear this old T-shirt．3．Eddie, you see my food was up．4．Mr Green double-decker bus ride to work every day．5．Since last year, after graduation, I am no longer a student．6．So far, you see how many English movies 7．This old cinema has become a major supermarket．8．Later, the government realized that water pollution is a very serious problem．四.完形填空DACBD ADACA五.阅读理解BABC
书面表达请根据下面表格中的内容提示，以Changes in Mr Zhang’s family为题，写一篇100词左右的短文介绍张先生家二十年来的变化。文章的开头已经给出，但不计入要求词数。 二十年前现在房子小而旧住进高楼，居住的地方像花园一样通讯常常写信和朋友们联系用电话或手机和朋友们联系交通步行或骑自行车外出拥有一辆小汽车生活贫穷，但安宁、平静轻松、舒适Changes in Mr Zhang’s familyGreat changes have taken place in Mr Zhang’s family over the past twenty years.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version:Changes in Mr Zhang’s familyGreat changes have taken place in Mr Zhang’s family over the past twenty years.They used to live in a small and old house twenty years ago. But now they have moved into a tall building. Their living place looks like gardens.Mr Zhang use to write letters to his friends, but now he uses a telephone or a mobile phone. Mr Zhang has his own car and it is easier for his family to travel. But in the past, they could only walk or ride bikes to somewhere.Mr Zhang’s life in the past was poor but peaceful and quiet. Now, he has changed his lifestyle and he is enjoying the easy and comfortable life.