外研版（2019）选择性必修三：Unit 4 A glimpse of the future 单元检测题（含答案）
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| 更新时间 | 2022-02-25 17:21:35 | ||
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Unit 4 A glimpse of the future 检测题
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分）
(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
"Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed," says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. "It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities," he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
1.What does the underlined word "That" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Increased length of green lights. B.The shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals. D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
2.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals
A.They work better on broad roads. B.They should be used in other cities.
C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road. D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
3.What can we learn from Bellevue's success
A.It is rewarding to try new things. B.The old methods still work today.
C.It pays to put theory into practice. D.The simplest way is the best way.
B
Patrick never does homework. “Too boring，”he says. He always plays baseball and basketball after school. His teachers tell him, “Patrick! Do your homework, or you can’t learn anything. ”But what can he do He hates homework. One day，his cat was playing with a little “ doll”. He found it wasn’t a doll at all，but a man of the smallest size. The man called，“Save me! Don’t give me back to that cat. I have magic. I will help you if you save me!” How lucky he was! Here was the answer to all of his problems. So he said，“ If you help me to do my homework until the last day of school, I will get good grades. ”The man agreed. He began to do Patrick’s homework. The man didn’t always know what to do and he needed help. “Help me! Help me! ”he said. And Patrick had to help. Day after day，Patrick had to work harder. Finally the last day of school arrived and the man was free to go. As for homework，Patrick didn’t hate doing it any more. Patrick got his A’s. His teachers and classmates were all surprised. Who really helped Patrick 1..Patrick likes after school.A. doing sports B. doing some readingC. doing his homework D. learning things2. What does the sentence “Patrick got his A’s” mean A. It means “Patrick got the teachers’ help”.B. It means “Patrick got good grades”.C. It means “Patrick got more friends”.D. It means “Patrick got more problems”.3. Which of the following is not true A. Patrick never hates doing his homework.B. The man sometimes didn’t know what to do when he helped Patrick.C. The man didn’t go until the last day of school.D. Patrick finally started to like doing homework.4. From the passage, we can know .A. the man liked to play with the catB. the man never helped Patrick do his homeworkC. Patrick’s classmates always helped him do his homeworkD. in fact, Patrick helped himself
C
Space is where our future is—trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that aside from comets(彗星) and stars, there is little else out there. But, since our space journey started we have left so much trash (垃圾) there that scientists are now concerned that if we don't clean it up, we may all be in mortal(致命的) danger.
The first piece of space junk was created in 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating and lost its connection with the ground center. However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any consequences, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that served no useful purpose in space.
It is estimated (估计) that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at the speed of up to 17,500 miles per hour. The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk.
The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage traveling spacecraft (飞船). Moreover ,pieces of junk may collide (碰撞) with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.
1.What was the first piece of man-made space trash
A. A camera. B.A tool kit. C.A broken satellite. D.A fuel tank.
2.Why were scientists NOT concerned about space trash in the beginning
A. It did not cause any problems.
B. It served no useful purpose.
C. It was millions of miles away from the Earth.
D. It was regarded as similar to comets and stars.
3.Which of the following statements is true about space junk
A. It is huge, heavy machines.
B. It may cause problems for space shuttles.
C. It floats slowly around the Earth.
D. It never changes the position.
4.What has been done about the space trash problem
A. Ground stations are built to help store the trash properly in space.
B. Many nations have worked together to stop polluting space.
C. Large pieces of space trash are being closely watched.
D. Scientists have cleaned up most of the trash.
D
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze starts to lose its focus—until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects was different from changing the objects themselves in effect. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's _______.
A. sense of hearing B. sense of sight
C. sense of touch D. sense of smell
2.Babies are sensitive to the change in _______.
A. the number of objects.
B. the colour of pictures.
C. the shape of patterns.
D. the size of cards.
3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry out their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies' interest.
4.Where does this text probably come from
A. Science fiction. B. Children's literature.
C. An advertisement. D. A science report.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words "radio direction and ranging". As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar "sees" with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. ①_________
In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. ②__________ It has been used widely in almost every conflict(冲突) since then.
Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screens. On the screen an observer sees a flash and that can show the direction and distance of the object. ③___________
Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. ④___________ Weather forecasters "see" the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance from the earth to the moon. Thus, the device has helped achieve major advancements.
⑤___________It guards us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic missile(弹道导弹) warning systems that can warn us against attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems can also warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.
A.The measurement is now highly accurate.
B.Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.
C.The device can be used in a wide range of fields.
D.It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.
E. During World War H many countries used radar effectively.
F.Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.
G.Strengthening national defense is one of radar's most important functions.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节,满分30分）
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
When I was a boy I dreamed of my future. I was going to be a cowboy. Then I dreamed of being a firefighter and 1 people from burning buildings. I just couldn't 2 to grow up and be an adult. After I went to college and those dreams 3 . I thought I would be a scientist, then I switched to being a teacher. When I 4 and had children, my dreams of the future changed again. Now it wasn't a 5 career that I dreamed of but a time when I could be settled and 6 .
That dream, of course, didn't 7 . In fact, none of those dreams ever came to life. It took me many years as well to 8 that living in a dreamy future was living in a 9 and that each moment I spent there was taking a moment away from the 10 NOW. I saw that there could be no perfect, problem-free future because problems are part of 11 .
It is only in the NOW that we can truly live. Our dreams for the future are just that: 12 . Whether they come true or not isn't as 13 as how we live each day here. A hug shared today can never be 14 . An act of kindness not given now is lost forever. A moment of love missed can never be 15 again. Each second of the NOW is precious and priceless. Don't waste any one of them.
1.A. liberating B. carrying C. rescuing D. supporting
2.A. wait B. stop C. stay D. rest
3.A. remained B. matched C. broke D. changed
4.A. retired B. married C. succeeded D. divorced
5.A. certain B. firm C. promising D. professional
6.A. silent B. gentle C. secure D. uncertain
7.A. lose B. happen C. produce D. destroy
8.A. recognize B. appreciate C. conclude D. realize
9.A. hope B. fantasy C. fable D. sight
10.A. precious B. favorite C. common D. popular
11.A. activities B. movement C. life D. business
12.A. realities B. dreams C. purposes D. treasures
13.A. famous B. serious C. impressive D. important
14.A. replaced B. followed C. recovered D. reviewed
15.A. picked up B. broken up C. made up D. put up
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is artificial intelligence the greatest human achievement or the biggest threat to our ① _____ (exist) People in the Technology of Tomorrow Forum have different views. Millenniumbutterfly thinks that his daily life is more ②_____ (convenience) with the advance of artificial intelligence. For example, he has got his super-smart personal assistant ③_____ (build) into his phone. The assistant answers any question he puts to her ④_____ (immediate) and even uses his answers ⑤_____ (learn) more about his preferences. He hopes that more breakthroughs in AI will be made soon, so that people can enjoy more and more benefits. Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in ⑥_____ (solve) the world's problems, ⑦ _____ there is a high level of risk involved. Actually none of us is ⑧_____ (prepare) for the challenges of AI. In Pink_haze's opinion, people all need to coexist ⑨_____ AI technology whether they like it or not. We have no choice but ⑩_____ (embrace) and regulate it.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假定你是李华,现在在美国一所高中做交换 生,晚上你经常去学校的阅览室看书,发现阅览室 里存在不文明现象。请你给阅览室管理员 Smith 先生写一封信,要点如下:
1.现象(阅览室太吵,垃圾比较多);
2.整改措施。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I was a mother of four children, working at a low-paid job. Money was always valuable, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, and clothes in the wardrobe. I always tell myself to be brave and strong. I hope all my efforts would be worthwhile, as long as my children can grow up healthily. It was Christmas time. We drove downtown to see the Christmas lights, and enjoyed a special dinner, but the big excitement for the kids was the fun of Christmas shopping at the mall. This was a tradition of my family, so they all looked forward to the coming of the season of goodwill. They talked and planned for weeks ahead of time, asking each other what they wanted for Christmas.
The big day arrived and we started out early. I gave each of the four kids a twenty-dollar bill and asked them to search for gifts. Then everyone scattered (分散开) with the bill. I sat at a table in a café waiting for my children and enjoying an instant of silence. It must be a happy day.
Back in the car driving home, everyone was excited about Christmas, laughing and asking each other about what they had bought. I noted Ginger, my younger daughter had only one small and flat bag with her. I could see enough through the plastic bag to tell that she had bought candy bars—fifty-cent candy bars! What did she do with that twenty-dollar bill I had given her I was so angry. After getting home, I called her into my bedroom and closed the door. I couldn't hold back my anger and shouted at her, "What about the rest of the money No one would be convinced all these candies are worth 20 dollars. What do you want to do with the rest of the money "
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
She was shocked at my reaction and burst into tears. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My anger disappeared. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.CDA
解析：1.代词指代题。根据文章第一段中的"The traffic signals...By 9:33 am, a burst of...Less traffic at 9:37 am...changes."可以推知, That指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的"others are so jammed that only..."和"It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities"可知, Kevin Balke认为可调节式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的, 但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言, 作用并不是非常大, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的"the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches"可推知, 从Bellevue装可调节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现, 它的成功在于积极尝试新事物, 故选A项。
B.答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D
解析：1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“He always plays baseball and basketball after school.” 可知，放学以后 他喜欢打棒球和篮球，也就是说他喜欢运动。故A项 正确。2. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三句“Patrick got his A’s.”可知，帕特里克在考试里得到了 A,说明他得到了很 好的分数。故B项正确。3. A 细节理解题。根据前两句“Patrick never does homework. ‘Too boring, ’ he says.” 可知，他曾经很不喜欢 做家庭作业。故A项不正确，符合题意。4. D 推理判断题。在小矮人不会做家庭作业的时 候，帕特里克经常帮他，最终在考试里他得到了高分。所 以，帮助帕特里克的是他自己。故D项正确。
C.答案：1-4 CABC
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，第一件人为产生的太空垃圾是美国一个报废的人造卫星。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，因为最初它一直围绕地球转，没有产生任何麻烦，所以科学家们开始心安理得地在太空抛弃报废的设备。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，太空垃圾主要对太空中工作的卫星和正在飞行的飞船产生巨大的威胁。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。由最后一段第四句可知科学家们已经建立地面观测站来监控大型的太空垃圾，所以选C。科学家们建立地面观测站来监控大型太空垃圾，而不是存放太空垃圾，所以A项错误。由最后一段最后一句可知科学家们希望未来许多国家合作停止对太空的污染并且清除掉已经在那儿的垃圾，所以B项和D项错误。
D.答案：1-4 BACD
解析：1.细节理解题。通过阅读第一段的内容可知，研究人员在婴儿眼前摆放带有不同数目黑点的卡片，以测试婴儿对数量的视觉反应。因此本段是对孩子的视觉实验，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，当屏幕上方块的数量从2变成3，或从3变成2时，婴儿会更注意屏幕上随机移动的方块。因此，婴儿对物品的数量变化更敏感，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第一、二句可知，这种效果甚至在不同的感官之间转换。那些被反复展示两个点的婴儿在听到三个鼓点时比只听到两个鼓点时更兴奋。因此，研究者在进一步做实验，故选C。
4.推理判断题。纵观文章，文章主要讲述了对刚出生一天的婴儿做实验，通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的视觉、听觉进行的一个实验，所以这篇文章最有可能出自一篇科学报告，而非科幻小说、儿童文学或广告，故选D。
第二节
答案：DEABG
解析：①根据语境可知,没有雷达,飞机不能在坏天气中安全着陆,轮船不能在浓雾中安全航行,因此它对于船运公司和旅行者来说特别重要,故选D。
②根据空前一句可知,科学家直到20世纪30年代才在雷达技术上有了重大进展,再根据后句“自那之后雷达被广泛用于几乎所有冲突中”,故E项“在二战中许多国家有效地使用了雷达”符合语境,故选E。
③根据空前一句可知,在屏幕上观察者会看到一束光,这表明了物体的方向和距离。故空处应该是对测量结果的评价,说明测量的结果是高度准确的。故选A。
④此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例,所以B项举警察驾驶装备有雷达的汽车追踪违章超速者的例子符合语境,故选B。
⑤本空是本段的主旨句。根据下文内容可知,本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故选G。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CADBA 6-10 CBDBA 11-15 CBDAC
解析：1.考查动词辨析。句意：然后我梦想变成消防员，从着火的大楼里营救人们。liberate解放；carry运送；rescue营救；support支持。根据常识，消防员是灭火救人的。故选C。
2.考查动词辨析。句意：我迫不及待地长大变成成年人。wait等待；stop停止；stay停留；rest休息。couldn't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事，是一个固定搭配，故选A。
3.考查动词辨析。句意：进入大学后，那些梦想改变了。remain保持；match相配；break打破；change改变。设空处与下文的"changed again"呼应。故选D。
4.考查动词辨析。句意：在我结婚有了孩子后，我对未来的梦想又变了。retire退休；marry结婚；succeed成功；divorce离婚。故选B。
5.考查形容词辨析。句意：现在它不是我梦想的某种职业了，而是我能安定下来，感觉安全的时光。certain某种；firm坚定的，牢固的；promising有希望的；professional专业的，职业的。我们可以看到作者之前的梦想是某种职业，现在的梦想是一段美好时光。故选A。
6.考查形容词辨析。句意同上。silent沉默的；gentie温和的 secure安全的，稳妥的；uncertain不确定的。故选C。
7.考查动词辨析。句意：当然，那个梦想没有发生。lose浪费，遗失；happen发生；produce生产；destroy毁坏。设空处与下句呼应，故选B。
8.考查动词辨析。句意：我也花了很多年才意识到生活在梦想的未来就是生活在幻想之中，我幻想的每一个瞬间就是从宝贵的现在夺走一瞬间。recognize认出；appreciate欣赏，感激；conclude推断出，断定；realize意识到。故选D。
9.考查名词辨析。句意同上。hope希望；fantasy幻想；fable寓言；sight景象。由于下文讲的是要珍惜现在，不要活在梦想之中，所以这里说梦想其实就是幻想，不真实的。故选B。
10. 考查形容词辨析。句意同上。precious宝贵的；favorite最喜爱的；common共同的，普通的；popular流行的。设空处与下文中的Each second of the NOW is precious呼应，故选A。
11.考查名词辨析。句意：我认为没有完美无忧的未来，因为问题就是生活的一部分。activity活动；movement运动，活动；life生活，生命；business商业。故选C。
12.考查名词辨析。句意：我们对未来的梦想仅仅是梦想。reality现实；dream梦想；purpose目的；treasure宝物。这里强调梦想就是梦想，不是现实生活。故选B。
13.考查形容词辨析。句意：无论它们实现与否都不如当下我们如何过好每一天重要。famous著名的；serious严肃的；impressive给人印象深刻的；important重要的。设空处与下文的precious呼应。故选D。
14.考查动词辨析。句意：今天分享的拥抱决不会被取代。replace取代，替换；follow跟着；recover恢复；review复习。今天过去就不会回来，所以说今天分享的拥抱不会被取代。故选A。
15.考查动词短语辨析。句意：错过的一刻的爱决不会再次补上。pick up捡起；break up破碎，分解；make up补上；put up张贴。故选C。
第二节
答案：①existence ②convenient ③built ④immediately ⑤to learn ⑥solving ⑦but ⑧prepared ⑨with ⑩to embrace
解析：①考查名词。句意：人工智能是人类最大的成就还是对我们生存的最大威胁 形容词性物主代词our修饰名词，应填exist的名词形式；表示"存在"，用名词existence，此时其为不可数名词，故填existence。
②考查形容词。分析句子结构可知is后跟形容词作表语，故应填convenience的形容词形式。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，他把超级智能的私人助理装进了他的手机。分析句子结构可知此处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语；根据句意可知，assistant和build之间是被动关系，故应填过去分词built。
④考查副词。句意：这个助理对任何他向她提出的问题都立刻答复，甚至用他的回答来更多地了解他的喜好。设空处作状语修饰动词，故填副词形式。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意同上一题。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"用某物做某事"，符合语境。故填to learn。
⑥考查动名词。设空处作介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填solving。
⑦考查连词。句意：Popkid承认更先进的人工智能可能会有助于解决世界上的问题，但是也会涉及高的风险。设空处前后分句之间是转折关系，故应填连词but。
⑧考查形容词。句意：事实上，我们没有一个人准备好了迎接人工智能的挑战。be prepared for为……做好准备。这里prepared是形容词，意为"准备好的"。
⑨考查固定搭配。coexist with...与……共存，故此处填介词with。
⑩考查固定搭配。have no choice but to do除了做……别无选择。故应填to embrace。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear Mr. Smith,
I am writing in the hope that you can pay attention to the improper behavior among students in the reading room: making noises and littering. ① Such a noisy and dirty environment not only harms our health but also has a bad influence on our studying.
②Therefore, from my point of view, some measures must be taken to solve the problems. First, you can put up some signs to forbid such bad behavior. Second, you can ask all the students to pick up their rubbish when they leave.
I hope my suggestions will be taken into serious consideration and that our reading room will be a better place.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：One possible version:
She was shocked at my reaction and burst into tears. She told me that she was looking around, wondering what to buy when at the mall. Suddenly, she saw an old lady in ragged clothes. It seemed that the old lady was homeless. It was Christmas. She thought the old lady needed a gift as well. So she took out her money to buy a pair of warm boots for her. Though she only left herself the money for some candy bars, she felt that it was worthwhile.
My anger disappeared. Never had I thought my daughter had her own idea to help others. I felt regretful that I just had shouted at her. How I wish I had listened to her explanation. I said, "Oh, dear, it is your own right to deal with the money. Whatever you do, I should be supportive. Forgive me!" She said nothing but smiled at me. I had never felt so rich as I did that day.
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分）
(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
"Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed," says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. "It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities," he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
1.What does the underlined word "That" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Increased length of green lights. B.The shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals. D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
2.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals
A.They work better on broad roads. B.They should be used in other cities.
C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road. D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
3.What can we learn from Bellevue's success
A.It is rewarding to try new things. B.The old methods still work today.
C.It pays to put theory into practice. D.The simplest way is the best way.
B
Patrick never does homework. “Too boring，”he says. He always plays baseball and basketball after school. His teachers tell him, “Patrick! Do your homework, or you can’t learn anything. ”But what can he do He hates homework. One day，his cat was playing with a little “ doll”. He found it wasn’t a doll at all，but a man of the smallest size. The man called，“Save me! Don’t give me back to that cat. I have magic. I will help you if you save me!” How lucky he was! Here was the answer to all of his problems. So he said，“ If you help me to do my homework until the last day of school, I will get good grades. ”The man agreed. He began to do Patrick’s homework. The man didn’t always know what to do and he needed help. “Help me! Help me! ”he said. And Patrick had to help. Day after day，Patrick had to work harder. Finally the last day of school arrived and the man was free to go. As for homework，Patrick didn’t hate doing it any more. Patrick got his A’s. His teachers and classmates were all surprised. Who really helped Patrick 1..Patrick likes after school.A. doing sports B. doing some readingC. doing his homework D. learning things2. What does the sentence “Patrick got his A’s” mean A. It means “Patrick got the teachers’ help”.B. It means “Patrick got good grades”.C. It means “Patrick got more friends”.D. It means “Patrick got more problems”.3. Which of the following is not true A. Patrick never hates doing his homework.B. The man sometimes didn’t know what to do when he helped Patrick.C. The man didn’t go until the last day of school.D. Patrick finally started to like doing homework.4. From the passage, we can know .A. the man liked to play with the catB. the man never helped Patrick do his homeworkC. Patrick’s classmates always helped him do his homeworkD. in fact, Patrick helped himself
C
Space is where our future is—trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that aside from comets(彗星) and stars, there is little else out there. But, since our space journey started we have left so much trash (垃圾) there that scientists are now concerned that if we don't clean it up, we may all be in mortal(致命的) danger.
The first piece of space junk was created in 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard I stopped operating and lost its connection with the ground center. However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any consequences, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that served no useful purpose in space.
It is estimated (估计) that there are now over 500,000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at the speed of up to 17,500 miles per hour. The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk.
The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage traveling spacecraft (飞船). Moreover ,pieces of junk may collide (碰撞) with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations to stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.
1.What was the first piece of man-made space trash
A. A camera. B.A tool kit. C.A broken satellite. D.A fuel tank.
2.Why were scientists NOT concerned about space trash in the beginning
A. It did not cause any problems.
B. It served no useful purpose.
C. It was millions of miles away from the Earth.
D. It was regarded as similar to comets and stars.
3.Which of the following statements is true about space junk
A. It is huge, heavy machines.
B. It may cause problems for space shuttles.
C. It floats slowly around the Earth.
D. It never changes the position.
4.What has been done about the space trash problem
A. Ground stations are built to help store the trash properly in space.
B. Many nations have worked together to stop polluting space.
C. Large pieces of space trash are being closely watched.
D. Scientists have cleaned up most of the trash.
D
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze starts to lose its focus—until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects was different from changing the objects themselves in effect. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's _______.
A. sense of hearing B. sense of sight
C. sense of touch D. sense of smell
2.Babies are sensitive to the change in _______.
A. the number of objects.
B. the colour of pictures.
C. the shape of patterns.
D. the size of cards.
3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry out their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies' interest.
4.Where does this text probably come from
A. Science fiction. B. Children's literature.
C. An advertisement. D. A science report.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words "radio direction and ranging". As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar "sees" with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. ①_________
In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. ②__________ It has been used widely in almost every conflict(冲突) since then.
Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screens. On the screen an observer sees a flash and that can show the direction and distance of the object. ③___________
Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. ④___________ Weather forecasters "see" the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance from the earth to the moon. Thus, the device has helped achieve major advancements.
⑤___________It guards us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic missile(弹道导弹) warning systems that can warn us against attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems can also warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.
A.The measurement is now highly accurate.
B.Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.
C.The device can be used in a wide range of fields.
D.It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.
E. During World War H many countries used radar effectively.
F.Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.
G.Strengthening national defense is one of radar's most important functions.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节,满分30分）
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
When I was a boy I dreamed of my future. I was going to be a cowboy. Then I dreamed of being a firefighter and 1 people from burning buildings. I just couldn't 2 to grow up and be an adult. After I went to college and those dreams 3 . I thought I would be a scientist, then I switched to being a teacher. When I 4 and had children, my dreams of the future changed again. Now it wasn't a 5 career that I dreamed of but a time when I could be settled and 6 .
That dream, of course, didn't 7 . In fact, none of those dreams ever came to life. It took me many years as well to 8 that living in a dreamy future was living in a 9 and that each moment I spent there was taking a moment away from the 10 NOW. I saw that there could be no perfect, problem-free future because problems are part of 11 .
It is only in the NOW that we can truly live. Our dreams for the future are just that: 12 . Whether they come true or not isn't as 13 as how we live each day here. A hug shared today can never be 14 . An act of kindness not given now is lost forever. A moment of love missed can never be 15 again. Each second of the NOW is precious and priceless. Don't waste any one of them.
1.A. liberating B. carrying C. rescuing D. supporting
2.A. wait B. stop C. stay D. rest
3.A. remained B. matched C. broke D. changed
4.A. retired B. married C. succeeded D. divorced
5.A. certain B. firm C. promising D. professional
6.A. silent B. gentle C. secure D. uncertain
7.A. lose B. happen C. produce D. destroy
8.A. recognize B. appreciate C. conclude D. realize
9.A. hope B. fantasy C. fable D. sight
10.A. precious B. favorite C. common D. popular
11.A. activities B. movement C. life D. business
12.A. realities B. dreams C. purposes D. treasures
13.A. famous B. serious C. impressive D. important
14.A. replaced B. followed C. recovered D. reviewed
15.A. picked up B. broken up C. made up D. put up
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is artificial intelligence the greatest human achievement or the biggest threat to our ① _____ (exist) People in the Technology of Tomorrow Forum have different views. Millenniumbutterfly thinks that his daily life is more ②_____ (convenience) with the advance of artificial intelligence. For example, he has got his super-smart personal assistant ③_____ (build) into his phone. The assistant answers any question he puts to her ④_____ (immediate) and even uses his answers ⑤_____ (learn) more about his preferences. He hopes that more breakthroughs in AI will be made soon, so that people can enjoy more and more benefits. Popkid admits that more advanced AI could be helpful in ⑥_____ (solve) the world's problems, ⑦ _____ there is a high level of risk involved. Actually none of us is ⑧_____ (prepare) for the challenges of AI. In Pink_haze's opinion, people all need to coexist ⑨_____ AI technology whether they like it or not. We have no choice but ⑩_____ (embrace) and regulate it.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
假定你是李华,现在在美国一所高中做交换 生,晚上你经常去学校的阅览室看书,发现阅览室 里存在不文明现象。请你给阅览室管理员 Smith 先生写一封信,要点如下:
1.现象(阅览室太吵,垃圾比较多);
2.整改措施。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I was a mother of four children, working at a low-paid job. Money was always valuable, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, and clothes in the wardrobe. I always tell myself to be brave and strong. I hope all my efforts would be worthwhile, as long as my children can grow up healthily. It was Christmas time. We drove downtown to see the Christmas lights, and enjoyed a special dinner, but the big excitement for the kids was the fun of Christmas shopping at the mall. This was a tradition of my family, so they all looked forward to the coming of the season of goodwill. They talked and planned for weeks ahead of time, asking each other what they wanted for Christmas.
The big day arrived and we started out early. I gave each of the four kids a twenty-dollar bill and asked them to search for gifts. Then everyone scattered (分散开) with the bill. I sat at a table in a café waiting for my children and enjoying an instant of silence. It must be a happy day.
Back in the car driving home, everyone was excited about Christmas, laughing and asking each other about what they had bought. I noted Ginger, my younger daughter had only one small and flat bag with her. I could see enough through the plastic bag to tell that she had bought candy bars—fifty-cent candy bars! What did she do with that twenty-dollar bill I had given her I was so angry. After getting home, I called her into my bedroom and closed the door. I couldn't hold back my anger and shouted at her, "What about the rest of the money No one would be convinced all these candies are worth 20 dollars. What do you want to do with the rest of the money "
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
She was shocked at my reaction and burst into tears. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My anger disappeared. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.CDA
解析：1.代词指代题。根据文章第一段中的"The traffic signals...By 9:33 am, a burst of...Less traffic at 9:37 am...changes."可以推知, That指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的"others are so jammed that only..."和"It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities"可知, Kevin Balke认为可调节式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的, 但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言, 作用并不是非常大, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的"the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches"可推知, 从Bellevue装可调节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现, 它的成功在于积极尝试新事物, 故选A项。
B.答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D
解析：1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“He always plays baseball and basketball after school.” 可知，放学以后 他喜欢打棒球和篮球，也就是说他喜欢运动。故A项 正确。2. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三句“Patrick got his A’s.”可知，帕特里克在考试里得到了 A,说明他得到了很 好的分数。故B项正确。3. A 细节理解题。根据前两句“Patrick never does homework. ‘Too boring, ’ he says.” 可知，他曾经很不喜欢 做家庭作业。故A项不正确，符合题意。4. D 推理判断题。在小矮人不会做家庭作业的时 候，帕特里克经常帮他，最终在考试里他得到了高分。所 以，帮助帕特里克的是他自己。故D项正确。
C.答案：1-4 CABC
解析：1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，第一件人为产生的太空垃圾是美国一个报废的人造卫星。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知，因为最初它一直围绕地球转，没有产生任何麻烦，所以科学家们开始心安理得地在太空抛弃报废的设备。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，太空垃圾主要对太空中工作的卫星和正在飞行的飞船产生巨大的威胁。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。由最后一段第四句可知科学家们已经建立地面观测站来监控大型的太空垃圾，所以选C。科学家们建立地面观测站来监控大型太空垃圾，而不是存放太空垃圾，所以A项错误。由最后一段最后一句可知科学家们希望未来许多国家合作停止对太空的污染并且清除掉已经在那儿的垃圾，所以B项和D项错误。
D.答案：1-4 BACD
解析：1.细节理解题。通过阅读第一段的内容可知，研究人员在婴儿眼前摆放带有不同数目黑点的卡片，以测试婴儿对数量的视觉反应。因此本段是对孩子的视觉实验，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，当屏幕上方块的数量从2变成3，或从3变成2时，婴儿会更注意屏幕上随机移动的方块。因此，婴儿对物品的数量变化更敏感，故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第一、二句可知，这种效果甚至在不同的感官之间转换。那些被反复展示两个点的婴儿在听到三个鼓点时比只听到两个鼓点时更兴奋。因此，研究者在进一步做实验，故选C。
4.推理判断题。纵观文章，文章主要讲述了对刚出生一天的婴儿做实验，通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的视觉、听觉进行的一个实验，所以这篇文章最有可能出自一篇科学报告，而非科幻小说、儿童文学或广告，故选D。
第二节
答案：DEABG
解析：①根据语境可知,没有雷达,飞机不能在坏天气中安全着陆,轮船不能在浓雾中安全航行,因此它对于船运公司和旅行者来说特别重要,故选D。
②根据空前一句可知,科学家直到20世纪30年代才在雷达技术上有了重大进展,再根据后句“自那之后雷达被广泛用于几乎所有冲突中”,故E项“在二战中许多国家有效地使用了雷达”符合语境,故选E。
③根据空前一句可知,在屏幕上观察者会看到一束光,这表明了物体的方向和距离。故空处应该是对测量结果的评价,说明测量的结果是高度准确的。故选A。
④此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例,所以B项举警察驾驶装备有雷达的汽车追踪违章超速者的例子符合语境,故选B。
⑤本空是本段的主旨句。根据下文内容可知,本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故选G。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CADBA 6-10 CBDBA 11-15 CBDAC
解析：1.考查动词辨析。句意：然后我梦想变成消防员，从着火的大楼里营救人们。liberate解放；carry运送；rescue营救；support支持。根据常识，消防员是灭火救人的。故选C。
2.考查动词辨析。句意：我迫不及待地长大变成成年人。wait等待；stop停止；stay停留；rest休息。couldn't wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事，是一个固定搭配，故选A。
3.考查动词辨析。句意：进入大学后，那些梦想改变了。remain保持；match相配；break打破；change改变。设空处与下文的"changed again"呼应。故选D。
4.考查动词辨析。句意：在我结婚有了孩子后，我对未来的梦想又变了。retire退休；marry结婚；succeed成功；divorce离婚。故选B。
5.考查形容词辨析。句意：现在它不是我梦想的某种职业了，而是我能安定下来，感觉安全的时光。certain某种；firm坚定的，牢固的；promising有希望的；professional专业的，职业的。我们可以看到作者之前的梦想是某种职业，现在的梦想是一段美好时光。故选A。
6.考查形容词辨析。句意同上。silent沉默的；gentie温和的 secure安全的，稳妥的；uncertain不确定的。故选C。
7.考查动词辨析。句意：当然，那个梦想没有发生。lose浪费，遗失；happen发生；produce生产；destroy毁坏。设空处与下句呼应，故选B。
8.考查动词辨析。句意：我也花了很多年才意识到生活在梦想的未来就是生活在幻想之中，我幻想的每一个瞬间就是从宝贵的现在夺走一瞬间。recognize认出；appreciate欣赏，感激；conclude推断出，断定；realize意识到。故选D。
9.考查名词辨析。句意同上。hope希望；fantasy幻想；fable寓言；sight景象。由于下文讲的是要珍惜现在，不要活在梦想之中，所以这里说梦想其实就是幻想，不真实的。故选B。
10. 考查形容词辨析。句意同上。precious宝贵的；favorite最喜爱的；common共同的，普通的；popular流行的。设空处与下文中的Each second of the NOW is precious呼应，故选A。
11.考查名词辨析。句意：我认为没有完美无忧的未来，因为问题就是生活的一部分。activity活动；movement运动，活动；life生活，生命；business商业。故选C。
12.考查名词辨析。句意：我们对未来的梦想仅仅是梦想。reality现实；dream梦想；purpose目的；treasure宝物。这里强调梦想就是梦想，不是现实生活。故选B。
13.考查形容词辨析。句意：无论它们实现与否都不如当下我们如何过好每一天重要。famous著名的；serious严肃的；impressive给人印象深刻的；important重要的。设空处与下文的precious呼应。故选D。
14.考查动词辨析。句意：今天分享的拥抱决不会被取代。replace取代，替换；follow跟着；recover恢复；review复习。今天过去就不会回来，所以说今天分享的拥抱不会被取代。故选A。
15.考查动词短语辨析。句意：错过的一刻的爱决不会再次补上。pick up捡起；break up破碎，分解；make up补上；put up张贴。故选C。
第二节
答案：①existence ②convenient ③built ④immediately ⑤to learn ⑥solving ⑦but ⑧prepared ⑨with ⑩to embrace
解析：①考查名词。句意：人工智能是人类最大的成就还是对我们生存的最大威胁 形容词性物主代词our修饰名词，应填exist的名词形式；表示"存在"，用名词existence，此时其为不可数名词，故填existence。
②考查形容词。分析句子结构可知is后跟形容词作表语，故应填convenience的形容词形式。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，他把超级智能的私人助理装进了他的手机。分析句子结构可知此处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语；根据句意可知，assistant和build之间是被动关系，故应填过去分词built。
④考查副词。句意：这个助理对任何他向她提出的问题都立刻答复，甚至用他的回答来更多地了解他的喜好。设空处作状语修饰动词，故填副词形式。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意同上一题。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"用某物做某事"，符合语境。故填to learn。
⑥考查动名词。设空处作介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填solving。
⑦考查连词。句意：Popkid承认更先进的人工智能可能会有助于解决世界上的问题，但是也会涉及高的风险。设空处前后分句之间是转折关系，故应填连词but。
⑧考查形容词。句意：事实上，我们没有一个人准备好了迎接人工智能的挑战。be prepared for为……做好准备。这里prepared是形容词，意为"准备好的"。
⑨考查固定搭配。coexist with...与……共存，故此处填介词with。
⑩考查固定搭配。have no choice but to do除了做……别无选择。故应填to embrace。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear Mr. Smith,
I am writing in the hope that you can pay attention to the improper behavior among students in the reading room: making noises and littering. ① Such a noisy and dirty environment not only harms our health but also has a bad influence on our studying.
②Therefore, from my point of view, some measures must be taken to solve the problems. First, you can put up some signs to forbid such bad behavior. Second, you can ask all the students to pick up their rubbish when they leave.
I hope my suggestions will be taken into serious consideration and that our reading room will be a better place.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：One possible version:
She was shocked at my reaction and burst into tears. She told me that she was looking around, wondering what to buy when at the mall. Suddenly, she saw an old lady in ragged clothes. It seemed that the old lady was homeless. It was Christmas. She thought the old lady needed a gift as well. So she took out her money to buy a pair of warm boots for her. Though she only left herself the money for some candy bars, she felt that it was worthwhile.
My anger disappeared. Never had I thought my daughter had her own idea to help others. I felt regretful that I just had shouted at her. How I wish I had listened to her explanation. I said, "Oh, dear, it is your own right to deal with the money. Whatever you do, I should be supportive. Forgive me!" She said nothing but smiled at me. I had never felt so rich as I did that day.