2022届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致课件（25张PPT）

(共25张PPT)
主 谓 一 致
一、概念
主谓一致就是指谓语动词在人称与数上必须和主语保持一致。
二、用法
主谓一致主要遵循以下三个原则：
1．语法一致，即句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
He ______(like) skating in winter. 他喜欢冬天滑冰。
How _____(be) advertisements made 广告是怎样制作的？
are
likes
2．意义一致，即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义上是单数意义还是复数意义。
His family_____________(watch) TV when I got to his home.
我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。
My family ____(be) full of love and happiness. 我的家充满了爱与幸福。
were watching
is
3．就近原则，即谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决于最邻近它的主语。
Either you or I _____(be) going to be sent there. 要么是你，要么是我将被派到那里去。
主谓一致是重要的语法项目，也是学习难点和高考热点之一。我们要重点理解和掌握。
(一)谓语动词常用复数形式的情况：
1．可数名词的复数、many / (a)few / a number of＋可数名词复数作主语。
A number of students in our class _____(be) from the south.
我们班很多学生来自南方。
am
are
2．people, police, cattle, youth, public等集合名词作主语。
Our neighbourhood police ____（be） very friendly and kind. 我们邻近的警察非常友善。
3.“the＋形容词”作主语，指一类人或事物时。
The wounded _____________(send) to hospital. 伤员们已经被送往医院。
4．复数形式的群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会作主语。
The Olympics _________ (hold)every four years. 奥运会每四年举行一次。
are
have been sent
are held
5.each 用于复数名词后作同位语。
They each_____(have) an English Chinese dictionary.
他们每人都有一本英汉词典。
6.trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors 这类名词，不带“一把、一副、一条”等修饰而单独作主语。
The trousers____ (fit) you very well. 这裤子你穿很合适。
(二)谓语动词常用单数的情况：
1.不可数名词、单数可数名词作主语。
Water___(be) essential to man. 水对人类来说是必需的。
The boy standing over there___(be) my cousin.
站在那里的那个男孩是我的堂弟。
have
fit
is
is
2．anyone, everyone, everything, someone, somebody，something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, either, neither, the other，another等不定代词作主语。
Someone ___(be) waiting for you at the gate.
有人在门口等你。
3．no...and no...，each...and each..., every...and
every... 和many a．..and many a．..构成的短语作主语时谓语动词用单数。
No money and no time ___(be) left. 没时间也没钱了。
4．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值的短语若作为一个整体作主语。
Three weeks ___(be) a short time. 三个星期是很短的时间。
is
is
is
5．并列主语虽有and连接但表示一个整体概念时。
Bread and butter ___(be) served for breakfast. 早餐供应黄油面包。
6．many a / an＋单数可数名词、more than one＋单数可数名词作主语。
Many a student _________________(award) this year. 今年许多学生受到了表彰。
More than one soldier __________(kill) in the battle. 在这场战斗中许多士兵阵亡了。
7．a / an＋单数可数名词＋or two, one and a half ＋ 复数可数名词作主语。
One and a half pears __________(leave) on the table. 桌子上还剩下一个半梨。
is
has been awarded
was killed
is left
【特别提醒】
(1)分数、百分数、a lot (of) 、 lots of 、plenty of 、 some (of) 、 most (of) 、 part (of) 、half (of) 、 the rest (of)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式根据它们所修饰的名词表达的含义来决定。
The rest of the money________ (belong) to you. 剩余的钱属于你。
(2)主语后有with, together with, along with, but, except, besides, in addition to, as well as, including, unlike, rather than, more than等修饰时，谓语动词的单、复数取决于主语。
belongs
No one except my parents ______(know) anything about this.
除我父母外没人知道此事。
Generally，students’inner motivation with high expectations from others____(be)essential to their development.(2013·江苏，21)
一般来说，别人对其期望值高的学生，他们的内在动机对他们自身的发展是至关重要的。
The father，rather than the brothers,____(be) responsible for the loss.
损失的责任应由父亲而不是兄弟们来承担。
knows
is
is
(3)all作主语，指人时谓语动词用复数形式，指物时谓语动词用单数形式。none作主语，指人时谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式皆可；指物时谓语动词用单数形式；the majority作主语时，谓语动词单、复数形式皆可。
All_____(be) here except Tom.
除了汤姆没来，其他人都到了。
All ____(be) going well. 一切进展顺利。
(4)单个的动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；多个并列的动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句若表示复数概念作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Looking after the children____(be) my full time job. 照顾这些孩子们是我的专职工作。
are
is
is
(5)集合名词作主语，如果是指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, family, group, party, team, population, enemy, government等。
The population of the earth ____________(increase) very fast. 地球上的人口在迅速增长。
One third of the population here_____(be) workers. 这里有三分之一的人是工人。
(6)works(工厂), means(方法), fish, deer, sheep等单复数同形的词作主语时谓语动词的单、复数由其意义决定。
All possible means _________________(try).
一切可能的办法都试过了。
is increasing
are
have been tried
(7)当“an amount of / a quantity of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。但是当“quantities of / amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语与单数动词连用。
“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语与复数动词连用。
“a large quantity of＋不可数名词”作主语与单数动词连用。
“large quantities of＋复数名词/不可数名词”作主语与复数动词连用。
Vast amounts of money____________________ (invest) in the local market. 大量的资金投在当地的市场上。
A large amount of money___________(spend) on the project. 这项工程耗费了巨额资金。
Quantities of food/nuts______(be) on the table.
桌上有不少食物/坚果。
A large amount of water_________________
(pollut).＝Large amounts of water _________________ (pollut).
大量水已被污染了。
are being invested
is spent
were
have been polluted
has been polluted
(8)a number of / a group of / a variety of ＋ 名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of ＋ 名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students _____(be) absent yesterday. 许多学生昨天缺席。
The number of the students praised at the meeting ___(be) very small. 在会上受到表扬的学生寥寥无几。
is
were
(9)在定语从句中，one of ＋ 名词 ＋ 定语从句作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；the (only) one of ＋ 名词 ＋ 定语从句作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is one of the students that _____________(praise) yesterday.
他是昨天在会上受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students that __________(praise) yesterday. 他是昨天在会上唯一受到表扬的学生。
Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who_____________(work) in China.
赫宾先生是在中国工作的外国专家之一。
Mr. Smith is the only one of those foreigners who _____________(work) in China.
史密斯先生是这些外国人之中唯一一位在中国工作的人。
are working
was praised
were praised
is working
One or two friends__________come) this evening.
今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。
Neither I nor he ___(be) in favor of her marriage.
我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。
(10)neither...nor... / either...or... / not only...but also... / not...but... / ...or...连接的并列主语，以及there be结构中的主语，谓语动词要与最近的主语保持一致。
There _____(be) five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
Neither you nor your mother ___(be) wrong. 你和你妈妈都没错。
is
are coming
is
are
课堂速练
1． Neither his parents nor Tom _______(be)at home now.
2．There __________(be)a book and some pens on the desk.
3.There ___________(come)the bus.
4．I know the man who __________(be)talking to my father.
5．It is Mary's brother who ____________(injure) in the car accident yesterday.
is
is
is
comes
was injured
6．I along with my sister _______(be)ging to Shanghai next month.
7．What I want to say ______(be)just “Take care！”
8. Most of the water here ______(be)clean.
9. 80% cotton ________(have)been sent to America.
10. Half of the apples _______(be)red.
am
is
is
has
are
11．A number of ancient buildings ____(be)destroyed in the war.
12. The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year.
13．My family ______(be)very poor when I was a little girl.
14. My family ______(be)all looking forward for your coming.
were
has
was
are
15.When to leave _______(have)not been decided.
16.Watching TV too much _____(be)bad for your eyes.
17.What he said and what he did ______ (be) different last night.
18.The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year.
19.The novelist and the poet _____(be)going to Europe next year.
has
is
were
is
are
20．10 minutes ______(be)enough.
21．2 and 3 ________(be) 5.
22．The Blacks ________(enjoy)working in China.
is
is
enjoy
23．Every man and every woman ____ (be) busy at working.
24．Neither of us ________(have)been abroad.
Neither answer ____(be)wrong.
25．Somebody ____(be)waiting for you at the school gate.
is
is
is
has
26．A pair of scissors _______(be)useful tool for a dressmaker.
27.Two pieces of paper _______(be)on the desk.
28．Maths _______(be) my favorite subject.
29.The young ______(like) listening to popular songs.
30.The Greens ________(be) having lunch now.
is
are
is
like
are
31.The writer and translator (be) delivering a speech in our school now.
32.He or I (be) to go.
33. (be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting
is
am
Is
34.Ten years (be) a moment in history.
35.A third of his compositions (have) been corrected.
36.The unknown (be) always something to be feared.
is
have
is
The End