2022届高考英语二轮复习：语法填空 疾病（含答案）

专题51 疾病
Passage 1
（2021·浙江·模拟预测）语法填空
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases. Doctors in those days had two contradictory ____1____(theory). But John Snow subscribed to the second theory ____2____ it was caused by the Vibrio cholera bacterium, ____3____ is spread through contaminated food and water. It has a variety of possible symptoms, but its host common and ____4____(die) symptom is severe diarrhea, which is often called “rice water” because of its form, color and consistency. The diarrhea is so severe that it can cause death through dehydration in a matter of days if not ____5____(treat). Through his tireless efforts, the threat of cholera saw ____6____ substantial decrease.
____7____ there are a variety of treatments for this disease, in the past the most successful ____8____(be) a course of antibiotics. ____9____(fortune), the bacterium is increasingly becoming immune to most antibiotics. In the end, the best solution to the problem of cholera is access _____10_____ a clean water supply.
For his great contribution, John Snow was considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Passage 2
（2021·河南开封·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nearly a year ago marketing director David Smith, behaving like James Bond 007, secretly recorded all his ___11___ (conversation) . He refused to sign his name, and he would ask his secretary ___12___ (check) all his emails. Anything he wrote was photocopied and kept as “evidence”. But David isn't mad. He suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder or PCD, ___13___ is now recognized as the second most common mental health problem after depression and ___14___ number of reported cases is increasing. Experts say that about 2%-3% of the population suffer from the syndrome, with as many as one in five ___15___ (suffer) from a less serious form.
People with OCD suffer from obsessional thoughts, such as worrying that their hands are dirty. The terrible anxiety is only relieved ___16___ performing a special set of behaviors. Unluckily, any sense of relief is short-lived, which is why the behavior must ___17___ ( repeat) again and again. OCD sufferers know their behavior is ___18___ (reason) , yet feel powerless to stop. ___19___ (fortunate), a new treatment from America is bringing new hope to sufferers. Schwartz has designed the Four Steps programme which employs meditation (冥想)with the aim of teaching sufferers to manage their symptoms by ____20____ (they).
Passage 3
（2021·贵州黔东南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“The number of children according to National Health Service (NHS) with serious mental health problems ___21___ (be) at an all-time high,“ say doctors.
It is warned ___22___ the pandemic could create a "lost” generation who will be affected by “lifelong“ mental illnesses. Doctors blamed the crisis ___23___ school closures cancelled exams and lockclowns.
NHS figures revealed that the number of youngsters ___24___ (take) to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services was 4,615 per 100,000—the___25___(high) on record. The figures are up nearly 20 percent from last year.
Dr Bernadka Dubicka said, “Landmark occasions in the lives of these young people will be lost. This adds to a perfect storm of a mental health crisis, meaning children may not get ___26___ help they need and even___27___(potential) leaving the generation lost to poverty and lifelong mental illness.”
She also wrote in the Daily Telegraph that half of the college's child psychiatrists have reported a surge in ___28___ (emergent) or urgency. And NHS research also shows that one in six children now have a mental health issue, up from one in nine three___29___(year) ago.
Dr Dubicka added, “The school closures, cancelled exams and empty lecture halls ____30____（have） a strong effect on our communities long after COVID-19 is written in the history books. "
Passage 4
（2021·陕西·榆林市教育科学研究所二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 2020 Summer Olympics, ____31____ were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.
This is the first time the Olympics have been put off in the 124-year history of the Games. But in the past, they were canceled three _____32_____ (time)—once during World War I and twice during World War II.
Putting off the Olympics will have many effects. For example, many sporting events which are already scheduled _____33_____ (hold) in 2021 may have to be put off, too.
Though the move is disappointing for many athletes who have been preparing for this summer for years, it is also not ______34______ (surprise). The virus has already caused many important events to be put off. For athletes everywhere, it was getting much harder to carry on ____35____ (train) in the way they needed to. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called the _____36_____ (decide) "heartbreaking" for athletes, coaches and fans, but he agreed that “this was the right call”. Many athletes had mixed feelings _____37_____ the delay. British swimmer Adam Peaty said, “As an athlete, I am _____38_____ (certain) sad, but this is _____39_____ matter of life or death and we all need to do the right thing. ”
Till now new dates _____40_____ (set) for the games-the Games will be held between July 23, 2021 and August 8, 2021.
Passage 5
（2021·甘肃·天水市第一中学模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Face masks are reportedly selling out in ____41____ (city) across Asia because of the spread of a deadly new coronavirus. But will these masks stop people ____42____ (catch) the virus thoroughly We know it is a kind of airborne (空气传播的) virus, ____43____ can spread easily among people. So it makes sense ____44____ (cover) your nose and mouth.
Now two main types of face masks are being used to do that. One is the standard surgical mask. But these masks can’t offer full protection ____45____ airborne viruses. They don’t fully seal off the nose and mouth, so very small particles can simply pass through the material of the masks. These masks also leave the wearers’ eyes ____46____ (expose), through which the virus can infect them. ____47____ other type, the N95 mask, is more effective than the surgical mask. They can prevent 95 percent of small particles entering the nose and mouth area. But they won’t work ____48____ they fit properly. And they aren’t suitable for children or people with ____49____ (face) hair.
There _____50_____ (be) other precautions (预防措施) people can take to avoid catching the virus, such as avoiding large public gatherings, staying at home and washing hands frequently.
Passage 6
（2021·广东·普宁市教育局教研室高一期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的单词（1个）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Linda is a really hard-working student, but her grades have fallen since three months ago. This is because she sometimes has trouble concentrating ____51____ her study. She also refuses to talk with teachers and friends. What’s worse, she feels ____52____ (anxiety) all the time and has difficulty in falling asleep. Then, her mother is aware ____53____ it and asks her what happened, but she just says she feels like crying.
As a matter of fact, Linda is suffering ____54____ clinical depression (临床抑郁症). It can be described as a mood ____55____ is so low that it ____56____ (affect) your daily life badly. The first signs of it in ____57____ (teenager) are poorer school reports than before, learning difficulties and staying away from classmates and teachers. If you have these signs, don’t worry. ____58____ (actual), there are many ____59____ (effect) ways, such as medicine, small talk, more exercise and a balanced diet. If you do your best, you will make _____60_____.
Passage 7
（2021·辽宁沈阳·高二期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The novel coronavirus(冠状病毒), which____61____(originate)in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has now spread to 12countries, has much in common ____62____ seasonal flu. They are both viral infections, share similar symptoms and crucially(关键地）can spread from human to human. In the midst of flu season in much of the northern hemisphere, ____63____(tell) the difference between the two will be vital in stopping its spread.
Human coronaviruses, of which there are four, can cause respiratory (呼吸道)infections similar to flu: while many symptoms are mild, both can lead to pneumonia（肺炎） and become lethal（致命的）. ____64____, the novel coronavirus is more serious than ____65____ "typical influenza infection,(流感)"says Ian Jones, a professor of virology at the University of Reading. "This virus appears to go____66____(far) down into the lungs than would generally be the case. Therefore, it will give you____67____ (symptom) of pneumonia(肺炎): the lungs becoming flooded, they don't function very well and the patient gets into breathing difficulty."
While the mortality rates and symptoms of flu and novel coronavirus may end up being similar, humans' ability ____68____(fight) off the viruses differs greatly.
Humans have naturally built up antibodies to seasonal flu and annual vaccines____69____(develop) to fight it. During a pandemic( 流行病), which the new coronavirus has the potential to become, "there is no immunity( 免疫性 ) in the population so you have potential for a ____70____(globe) spread," warns Jones.
Passage 8
（2022·全国·高二）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sneezing is a self-protection of our body. When foreign matter such as smoke or dust en-ters the nose, our body does ____71____ it needs to do to clear the nose—it causes a sneeze. A sneeze is one of our body's first defenses ____72____ bacteria and viruses.
However, sneezing can be bothersome, especially if you find ____73____ (your) running through a box of tissues every allergy season. However, sneezing is ____74____ (rare) a sign of a serious problem.
Some people with specific conditions may experience ____75____ (addition) symptoms (症状) if they sneeze too much. For example, people with a headache may experience other discomfort if a sneeze ____76____ (occur).
Not every person will respond to allergens ____77____ same as people around them. If you don't sneeze after stepping into a dusty room or ____78____ (take) a deep breath from a bunch of roses, don't worry. Some people s noses aren't as sensitive.
If you begin frequently sneezing and cannot find out any obvious cause, make an appointment ____79____ (see) your doctor. While a few sneezes may not be an indication of anything worrisome, it's always _____80_____ (good) to talk about your new symptoms and look for a potential issue than suffer frequent sneezing.
参考答案：
1．theories
2．because
3．which
4．deadly
5．treated
6．a
7．Although## Though
8．was
9．Fortunately
10．to
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了约翰·斯诺发现霍乱病因和治疗方法的经过。
1．
考查名词的数。句意：当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论。theory为可数名词，由two修饰应用复数形式。故填theories。
2．
考查原因状语从句。句意：但是约翰·斯诺支持第二种理论，因为它是由霍乱弧菌引起的，这种细菌通过被污染的食物和水传播。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故填because。
3．
考查定语从句。句意：但是约翰·斯诺支持第二种理论，因为它是由霍乱弧菌引起的，这种细菌通过被污染的食物和水传播。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Vibrio cholera bacterium，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．
考查形容词。句意：它有多种可能的症状，但它的宿主常见，致命的症状是严重的腹泻，由于其形式、颜色和稠度，常被称为“米水”。修饰后文名词symptom，表示“致命的”应用形容词deadly。故填deadly。
5．
考查状语从句的省略。句意：这种腹泻非常严重，如果不及时治疗，几天内就会因脱水而死亡。本句为状语从句的省略，还原为：if the diarrhea is not treated。省略了主语和be动词。故填treated。
6．
考查冠词。句意：通过他不懈的努力，霍乱的威胁大大减少。decrease表示“减少”此处为泛指，且substantial是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
7．
考查状语从句。句意：虽然治疗这种疾病有多种方法，但在过去最成功的是一个疗程的抗生素。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although或though，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though。
8．
考查主谓一致和时态。句意：虽然治疗这种疾病有多种方法，但在过去最成功的是一个疗程的抗生素。根据上文in the past可知用一般过去时，根据后文a course of antibiotics可知用单数。故填was。
9．
考查副词。句意：幸运的是，这种细菌对大多数抗生素越来越有免疫力。修饰后文整个句子应用副词fortunately，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Fortunately。
10．
考查介词。句意：最后，解决霍乱问题的最好办法是获得清洁的水供应。结合句意表示“获得……”可知短语为access to。故填to。
11．conversations
12．to check
13．which
14．the
15．suffering
16．by
17．be repeated
18．unreasonable
19．Fortunately
20．themselves
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了仅次于抑郁症的第二大最常见的心理健康问题——强迫症。
11．
考查名词复数。句意：大约一年前，市场总监David Smith就像James Bond 007一样，偷偷录下了他所有的对话。根据空格前的限定词all可知，此处可数名词conversation应用复数形式。故填conversations。
12．
考查动词不定式。句意：他拒绝签名，并要求秘书检查他所有的电子邮件。ask sb to do sth“请求（要求）某人干某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to check。
13．
考查定语从句引导词。句意：他患有强迫症（PCD），现在被认为是仅次于抑郁症的第二大最常见的心理健康问题，报告病例的数量正在增加。分析句子、根据逗号可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为obsessive-compulsive disorder or PCD，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中用作主语，指代事物。故填which。
14．
考查冠词。句意：他患有强迫症或PCD，现在被认为是仅次于抑郁症的第二大最常见的心理健康问题，报告病例的数量正在增加。根据句意可知，此处名词number应用定冠词限定，the number of“……数目或数量”是固定短语，符合句意。故填the。
15．
考查非谓语动词现在分词。句意：专家说，大约2%-3%的人患有这种综合症，其中多达五分之一的人患有较轻的症状。分析句子可知，with后接复合宾语，动词suffer和所修饰的词组one in five之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填suffering。
16．
考查介词。句意：这种可怕的焦虑只有通过一套特殊的行为才能得到缓解。by doing sth“通过做某事”，介词by意为“依靠；通过”，符合句意。故填by。
17．
考查被动语态。句意：不幸的是，任何放松的感觉都是短暂的，这就是为什么这种行为必须一次又一次地重复。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词repeat和主语the behavior之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），情态动词must后接动词原形。故填be repeated。
18．
考查形容词、构词法、行文逻辑。句意：强迫症患者知道自己的行为是不合理的，但却感到无力阻止。根据句意以及空格前系动词is可知，此处应用reason的形容词形式的反义词unreasonable“不合理的”，作表语，合乎逻辑。故填unreasonable。
19．
考查副词。句意：幸运的是，来自美国的一种新疗法给患者带来了新的希望。此处修饰整个句子应用fortunate的副词形式。句首字母大写，故填Fortunately。
20．
考查反身代词。句意：Schwartz设计了“四步计划”通过冥想来教导患者依靠自己控制自己的症状。介词所指对象是其逻辑主语sufferers自身，故用they的反身代词作介词宾语，by themselves“依靠他们自己”符合句意。故填themselves。
21．is
22．that
23．for/on
24．taken
25．highest
26．the
27．potentially
28．emergency
29．years
30．will have
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。有医生表示，根据英国国民健康服务的数据，患有严重心理健康问题的儿童数量创历史新高。大流行病可能造成“迷失的一代”，他们将受到“终生”精神疾病的影响。医生们将这次危机归咎于学校停课、取消考试和封锁。
21．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：医生们说：“根据英国国民健康服务的数据，患有严重心理健康问题的儿童数量创历史新高。”句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语为The number of children，谓语动词用单数。故填is。
22．
考查宾语从句。句意：有人警告说，大流行病可能造成“迷失的一代”，他们将受到“终生”精神疾病的影响。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用只起连接作用的that。故填that。
23．
考查介词。句意：医生们将这次危机归咎于学校停课、取消考试和封锁。结合句意表示“把……归咎于……”可知短语为blame sth. for/on。故填for/on。
24．
考查非谓语动词。句意：NHS的数据显示，接受儿童和青少年心理健康服务的青少年人数为每10万人中4615人，这是有史以来最高的数字。分析句子结构可知take在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the number of youngsters构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填taken。
25．
考查形容词最高级。句意：NHS的数据显示，接受儿童和青少年心理健康服务的青少年人数为每10万人中4615人，这是有史以来最高的数字。根据上文定冠词the，以及句意“最高的”可知应填形容词最高级highest。故填highest。
26．
考查冠词。句意：这加剧了心理健康危机的完美风暴，意味着孩子们可能得不到他们需要的帮助，甚至可能让这一代人迷失在贫困和终身精神疾病之中。help此处特指孩子们需要的帮助，应用定冠词the。故填the。
27．
考查副词。句意：这加剧了心理健康危机的完美风暴，意味着孩子们可能得不到他们需要的帮助，甚至可能让这一代人迷失在贫困和终身精神疾病之中。修饰后文动词leave应用副词potentially，作状语。故填potentially。
28．
考查名词。句意：她还在《每日电讯报》上写道，学院的儿童精神病医生中有一半报告了紧急情况或紧迫性的激增。空处作宾语，表示“紧急情况”应用名词emergency，表抽象概念，不可数名词。故填emergency。
29．
考查名词的数。句意：NHS的研究也表明，现在有六分之一的儿童有心理健康问题，而三年前是九分之一。year为可数名词，由three修饰应用复数。故填years。
30．
考查动词时态。句意：Dubicka医生补充说：“在COVID-19被载入史册很久之后，学校关闭、考试取消和演讲大厅空置将对我们的社区产生强烈影响。”此处描述将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will have。
31．which
32．times
33．to be held
34．surprising
35．training
36．decision
37．for/about
38．certainly
39．a
40．have been set
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2020奥运会延期举办的相关信息。包括了延期的原因，对运动员的影响，以及最新公布举办的日期等。
31．
考查定语从句。句意：原定于今年夏天在东京举办的2020年夏季奥运会，由于新冠肺炎疫情，已被正式推迟至2021年。分析可知，非限定性定语从句部分缺主语，先行词是前文的“The 2020 Summer Olympics”，所以此处需用关系代词which。综上，故填which。
32．
考查复数名词。句意：但在过去，它们曾三次被取消——一次是在第一次世界大战期间，两次是在第二次世界大战期间。分析句意，提示词time译为“次数”，此处为可数名词。time前被three修饰，所以应用复数形式。综上，故填times。
33．
考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，许多原定于2021年举行的体育赛事也可能不得不推迟。根据短语be scheduled to do sth.“计划做某事”可知，此处应用不定式，提示词hold和主语many sporting events之间为逻辑被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式to be done。综上，故填to be held。
34．
考查形容词。句意：尽管此举让许多为今年夏天做了多年准备的运动员感到失望，但也并不令人意外。分析题意，此处的提示词放在be动词后，故需用形容词的形式作表语。此处修饰物，且意为“令人意外的”应用v-ing形式形容词。综上，故填surprising.
35．
考查非谓语动词。句意：对世界各地的运动员来说，以他们需要的方式进行训练变得越来越困难。分析句意，此处的提示词放在介词on后，所以需用动名词。综上，故填training。
36．
考查名词。句意：加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多称这一决定对运动员、教练和球迷来说“令人心碎”，但他也认为“这是正确的决定”。分析题意，此处的提示词被定冠词the修饰，所以需用名词形式作宾语。此处特指2021奥运延期的决定，应用单数名词。综上，故填decision。
37．
考查介词。句意：许多运动员对比赛的延迟有着复杂的感受。分析句意，根据固定搭配 have a…feeling/feelings for / about 译为“对……有怎样的感觉”。故填for/ about。
38．
考查副词。句意：“作为一名运动员，我当然很难过，但这事关生死，我们都要做正确的事。”此处需用副词修饰修饰形容词sad。综上，故填certainly。
39．
考查冠词。句意：“作为一名运动员，我当然很难过，但这事关生死，我们都要做正确的事。”分析题意，根据固定搭配 a matter of …“一件关乎……的事”可知，此处需填冠词a。综上，故填a。
40．
考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，奥运会已经确定了新的日期——2021年7月23日至2021年8月8日之间举行。分析句意，句中的时间状语Till now译为“到目前为止”是现在完成时的时间状语。主语 new dates和提示词set之间为被动关系。主语为复数形式，故现在完成时的助动词也需用复数形式。综上，故填have been set。
41．cities
42．catching
43．which
44．to cover
45．from / against
46．exposed
47．The
48．unless
49．facial
50．are
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了预防新型冠状病毒的传播，人们佩戴的两种类型的口罩。
41．
考查名词。句意：据报道，由于一种致命的新型冠状病毒的传播，口罩在亚洲各城市销售一空。根据句中across Asia可知，句中指亚洲的各城市，而不止是一个城市，city意为“城市”，为可数名词，故应用city的复数形式cities。故填cities。
42．
考查固定短语。句意：但是这些口罩会彻底阻止人们感染病毒吗？句中涉及固定短语“stop sb. doing sth.”，意为“阻止某人做某事”，catch意为“感染，染上（疾病）”，动词词性，动词ing形式为catching。故填catching。
43．
考查定语从句。句意：我们知道它是一种空气传播的病毒，很容易在人与人之间传播。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为virus，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
44．
考查固定句型。句意：所以捂住你的鼻子和嘴是有道理的。句中涉及固定句型“it makes sense to do sth.”，意为“做某事是有道理的”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构，cover意为“覆盖”，动词词性，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填to cover。
45．
考查介词。句意：但这些口罩不能完全抵御空气传播的病毒。句中涉及固定短语“protection against”，意为“防护，抵御”，against意为“反对，抵御”，介词词性；或用“protection from”，意为“防止”，from意为“（使）免遭”，介词词性。故填from / against。
46．
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些口罩还会让佩戴者的眼睛暴露在外，病毒可以通过眼睛感染他们。句中有谓语动词leave且句中无连词，故应用expose的非谓语动词形式，expose意为“暴露”，动词词性，eyes与expose为逻辑上的被动关系，即眼睛被暴露在外面，故应用expose的过去分词exposed作宾语补足语。故填exposed。
47．
考查固定短语。句意：另一种类型，N95口罩，比外科口罩更有效。根据上文“Now two main types of face masks are being used to do that. One is…”可知，文中共介绍了两种口罩，空格处为另一种，涉及固定短语“one…the other…”，意为“（两者中）一个……，另一个……”，故空格处应用the，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
48．
考查从属连词。句意：但是，除非它们佩戴正确，否则它们不会起作用。根据句意可知，句子为条件状语从句，表示“除非”它们佩戴正确，否则它们不会起作用，unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合句意。故填unless。
49．
考查形容词。句意：而且它们也不适合儿童或者有胡须的人。句中hair意为“毛发”，名词词性，前面应用形容词修饰，face意为“脸”，名词词性，对应的形容词为facial，意为“面部的”，facial hair意为“胡须”。故填facial。
50．
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人们可以采取其他预防措施来避免感染病毒。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子为there be句型，precautions意为“预防措施”，为可数名词复数形式，故be动词应用are。故填are。
51．on
52．anxious
53．of
54．from
55．which##that
56．affects
57．teenagers
58．Actually
59．effective
60．it
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年易患有的临床抑郁症及其解决办法。
51．
考查固定短语。句意：这是因为她有时难以集中精力学习。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“concentrate on…”，意为“集中注意力于……，全神贯注于……”，故空格处应用介词“on”。故填on。
52．
考查形容词。句意：更糟糕的是，她一直感到焦虑，难以入睡。分析句子可知，“feels”为感官动词，后接形容词作表语，“anxiety”意为“焦虑”，名词词性，“anxious”意为“焦虑的”，形容词词性，修饰人。故填anxious。
53．
考查固定短语。句意：然后，她的母亲意识到了这一点，问她发生了什么事，但她只是说她想哭。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“be aware of…”，意为“意识到……”，故空格处应用介词“of”。故填of。
54．
考查固定短语。句意：然后，事实上，琳达患有临床抑郁症。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“suffer from…”，意为“患有（某种疾病）”，故空格处应用介词“from”。故填from。
55．
考查定语从句。句意：它可以被描述为一种情绪，这种情绪如此低落，以至于严重影响你的日常生活。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“mood”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”或“that”引导从句。故填which/that。
56．
考查时态。句意：它可以被描述为一种情绪，这种情绪如此低落，以至于严重影响你的日常生活。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“affect”意为“影响”，动词词性，句子主语为“it”，故应用“affect”的三单形式“affects”。故填affects。
57．
考查名词。句意：青少年的第一个症状是学校成绩比以前差，学习困难，远离同学和老师。分析句子可知，“teenager”意为“青少年”，为可数名词，句中指青少年这一类人，故应用“teenager”的复数形式“teenagers”。故填teenagers。
58．
考查副词。句意：事实上，有很多有效的方法，比如吃药、闲聊、多锻炼和均衡饮食。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，在句中作状语，用来修饰整个句子，“actual”意为“实际的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“actually”，意为“事实上”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Actually。
59．
考查形容词。句意：事实上，有很多有效的方法，比如吃药、闲聊、多锻炼和均衡饮食。分析句子可知，“ways”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“effect”意为“效果”，名词词性，对应得形容词为“effective”，意为“有效的”，在句中作定语。故填effective。
60．
考查固定短语。句意：如果你尽力而为，你会成功的。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“make it”，意为“（经历艰难困苦后）成功”，故空格处应用“it”。故填it。
61．originated
62．with
63．telling
64．However
65．a
66．further
67．symptoms
68．to fight
69．have been developed
70．global
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述新型冠状病毒肺炎与季节性流感有相似之处，在二者之间做出区分对于抑制新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播极为重要。
61．
考查时态。句意：新型冠状病毒起源于中国武汉，现在已蔓延到12个国家，与季节性流感有很多共同点。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意可知时态为一般过去时态。故填originated。
62．
考查固定短语。句意：新型冠状病毒起源于中国武汉，现在已蔓延到12个国家，与季节性流感有很多共同点。根据句意可知，本题考查短语have in common with… “与…有相同之处”。故填with。
63．
考查非谓语动词。句意为：在北半球大部分地区的流感季节中，说出两者之间的区别对于阻止其传播至关重要。分析句子结构可知，______the difference在句中作主语，空处应用动名词。故填telling。
64．
考查副词。句意为：然而，雷丁大学病毒学教授伊恩·琼斯说，新型冠状病毒肺炎比典型的流感感染更为严重。分析句意可知，前后句之间为转折关系，且设空处后有逗号，故填However。
65．
考查冠词。句意：然而，雷丁大学病毒学教授伊恩·琼斯说，新型冠状病毒肺炎比一种典型的流感感染更为严重。此处泛指一种“典型的流感感染”，应用不定冠词，且 typical的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
66．
考查副词的比较级。句意为：新型冠状病毒似乎比一般情况更深入肺部。由空后的than可知，此处表示比较意义，为程度上的“更深入”。故填 further。
67．
考查名词单复数。句意为：因此，它会产生肺炎的症状：肺部被淹没，功能不正常，患者呼吸困难。根据句意可知，肺炎的症状不止一种，且 symptom为可数名词，所以要用复数形式。故填 symptoms。
68．
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然流感和新型冠状病毒的死亡率和症状可能会相似，但人类抵御病毒的能力却大不相同。分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词，空处作后置定语修饰 ability，表示“……的能力”，应用动词不定式。故填to fight。
69．
考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：人类天生就会对季节性流感产生抗体，每年人们都会研制出疫苗来对抗流感。由句意可知，develop与 vaccines(复数形式)为被动关系，且由and前的分句的时态可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填 have been developed。
70．
考查形容词。句意：琼斯警告说，在新冠状病毒有可能成为的大流行期间，“人群中没有免疫力，因此有可能在全球传播。”分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词作定语，所以要用形容词。故填global。
71．what
72．against
73．yourself
74．rarely
75．additional
76．occurs
77．the
78．taking
79．to see
80．better
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了打喷嚏的原因和给我们身体带来的影响。
71．
考查从句连词。句意：当烟雾或灰尘等异物进入鼻子时，我们的身体会做它需要做的事情来清理鼻子——它会导致打喷嚏。此处does后跟宾语从句，且从句缺宾语，另结合句子意思可知，应该用what引导。故填what。
72．
考查介词。句意：打喷嚏是我们身体抵御细菌和病毒的第一道防线。against是“防止、防范、抵抗”的意思。故填against。
73．
考查代词。句意：然而，打喷嚏可能会很麻烦，尤其是当你发现自己在每个过敏季节都要用光一盒纸巾时。发现是“你”，用完纸巾也是“你”，主语“你”对自己所做的动作，应该用反身代词。故填yourself。
74．
考查副词。句意：然而，打喷嚏很少是严重问题的征兆。此处用副词修饰be动词is。故填rarely。
75．
考查形容词。句意：如果打喷嚏太多，某些患有特定疾病的人可能会出现其他症状。此处用形容词修饰名词symptoms。故填additional。
76．
考查动词。句意：例如，如果打喷嚏，头痛的人可能会感到其他不适。此处occur作if引导的从句的谓语动词，再结合整个上下文语境可知用一般现在时,且 a sneeze是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填occurs。
77．
考查冠词。句意：并非每个人都会像周围的人一样对过敏原做出反应。the same as：和……一样。故填the。
78．
考查动词。句意：如果你在走进尘土飞扬的房间或从一束玫瑰中深呼吸后不打喷嚏，不要担心。此处taking和stepping并列，作介词after的宾语，用动名词。故填taking。
79．
考查动词。句意：如果你开始频繁打喷嚏并且找不到任何明显的原因，请预约看医生。预约去做某事，预约的都是将来的、还未发生，应用非谓语动词的to do不定式。故填to see。
80．
考查形容词。句意：虽然打几个喷嚏可能并不表示有任何令人担忧的事情，但与经常打喷嚏相比，谈论你的新症状并寻找潜在问题总是更好。本句中有than可知用比较级。故填better。