2022届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解 情绪（含答案）
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专题34 情绪
Passage 1
（2017·天津·高考真题）Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
1．What happened when the author was about to take a photo
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave
D．A friend approached from behind.
2．According to the author, the woman was probably_______.
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
3．In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive
A．The rich color of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman’s existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
4．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
5．The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______.
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of traveling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
Passage 2
（2021·山东淄博·三模）Many teens may feel anxious sometimes. It’s the kind of nervousness that makes you bite your nails before a big test. We spend more time online than we should. We feel good about ourselves or bad based on how many Likes and Followers we get on social media. Young people are developing a false view of life.
On the screen, we see what people want to show us. People usually only post photos where they are looking their best. They are surrounded by friends and seem that they are having a great time. No one seems sad or lonely. In short, life is fabulous. But sooner or later, our young people compare their real life to it. They find that theirs doesn’t seem as fun or exciting and grow worried that they may be missing out.
No wonder teachers are reporting more anxious students. It’s reported that a lot more college students feel ―overwhelming anxiety. The percentage jumped from 50% in 2011 to 62% in 2016. Anxiety is now the most common mental-health problem in my country. It affects nearly one-third of teens and adults.
Certainly, we can’t blame it on social media alone. We expect too much from our children and a lot of these expectations aren’t reasonable. Their schedules are packed with sports, clubs and homework. They don’t have enough free time. We want our children to succeed, and we don’t care how much it costs.
As parents, we must have more balance. On one hand, we push too hard, and on the other hand, we make life too easy for children. We shouldn’t and can’t promise our children that they will always be happy. We shouldn’t try to protect them from the problems of everyday life. Let them solve the problems in person.
6．What is the text mainly about
A．What causes teens’ nervousness.
B．How to deal with teens’ anxiety.
C．What a view of life means to people.
D．How to treat social media appropriately.
7．What does the underlined word “fabulous” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Wonderful. B．Encouraging. C．Anxious. D．Doubtful.
8．Why does the author mention the numbers in paragraph 3
A．To draw teachers’ attention.
B．To show teachers’ mental problems.
C．To present the seriousness of teens’ anxiety.
D．To show adults have more problems than teens.
9．What should parents do to help their children out
A．Try to meet their expectations.
B．Help them with their homework.
C．Give them more free time to play sports.
D．Allow them to solve their own problems in life.
Passage 3
（2021·河北衡水中学二模）An amount of the best research on daily experience, according to some experts, is based on rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.
Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.
More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of disapproval or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates conflict and defense mechanisms. You assume that situations are worse than they actually are.
When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body’s production of oxytocin, a feel-good thing that increases your ability to communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than how they are for a negative one.
We need at least 3 to 5 positive interactions to outweigh one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you’re having a conversation* keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what’s going right.
Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.
10．What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Stop listening. B．Change one’s mind.
C．Sing aloud. D．Be crazy.
11．What will happen if we experience negative emotions
A．The situations are sure to become worse.
B．Much of our thinking will be prevented.
C．We will feel an urge to improve and become better.
D．We’ll be motivated to settle conflicts with people.
12．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．We need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling.
B．Positive interactions have greater effects than negative ones.
C．Our conversation should center on what needs improvement.
D．The effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones.
13．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Harmful Negative Interactions
B．More Positive Interactions
C．How to Promote Workplace Productivity
D．Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects
Passage 4
（2021·江苏·南京师大附中三模）For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn't attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn't last long.
I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.
I entered adulthood thinking I wasn't “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.
I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.
I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck's back.
14．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．She could change her weight at will.
B．She had different beauty standards from others.
C．She tried to love others to build her confidence.
D．She was greatly influenced by others' opinions.
15．Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”
A．She was poorly disciplined.
B．She failed to celebrate “skinny”．
C．She was labelled as lazy for her weight.
D．She put on more weight after entering adulthood.
16．What caused the author to make a change
A．Her lighter body. B．A troublesome illness.
C．Popular beauty standards. D．Others' critical comments.
17．What is the best title for the text
A．Beauty matters. B．Opinions vary.
C．Worth your weight. D．Beyond your limits.
Passage 5
（2021·宁夏·银川一中模拟预测）It's no surprise that stress and anxiety are often viewed in a negative light, but Lisa Damour, a private-practice psychologist, suggests they're not always bad for us. She claims that a little bit of both can help build mental resilience and these experiences can sometimes benefit us.
Damour explained how stress often occurs when people operate at the edge of their abilities - when they push themselves or are forced by situations to stretch beyond their familiar limits. This can result from both bad and good events, she said. For instance, being fired is stressful, but so is bringing a baby home for the first time. She described how stress is unavoidable in daily life and that medium levels of stress “can have an inoculating function”, which can lead to “higher than average resilience” when we face new difficulties.
“Anxiety gets an unnecessarily bad comment,” she said, “Anxiety is an alarm system inside the body, likely handed down by evolution, which informs us of threats from both outside, such as a driver turning aside suddenly, and inside, such as when we've wasted too much time and it's time to get started on a task.”
Viewing anxiety as sometimes helpful or even protective allows people to make good use of it, suggests Damour. For example, she often tells the teenagers she works with in her practice to pay attention if they start to feel anxious at a party because their nerves may be warning them of a problem.
18．When do people feel stressed according to Damour
A．They have much work to do. B．They lose their favorite things.
C．They deal with different situations. D．They're engaged in doing unfamiliar things.
19．What does the underlined word “inoculating” probably mean in paragraph 2
A．Unexpected. B．Unbearable. C．Positive. D．Determining.
20．What's the purpose of paragraph 3
A．To explain the reason for being anxious. B．To demonstrate the benefits of anxiety.
C．To state the risk of being anxious. D．To present the solution to anxiety.
21．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Stress and anxiety aren't always bad. B．Stress and anxiety are part of our lives.
C．We should focus on positive things in life. D．We should deal with stress and anxiety carefully.
Passage 6
（2021·四川德阳·三模）When I look into a mirror, I’m often shocked by the hatred expression staring back at me. I’m not necessarily angry, sad, or even displeased. I’m just absorbed. I’m so anxious that I don’t realize what my face is doing. Apparently when ignored, my facial muscles changed to the same angry looks I saw on my own mother’s face as a child.
I used to think she was always mad at me. Once when I asked her what I’d done, she replied, “Nothing. I’m not upset with you; I’m focused on a million other things. Just ignore my face.”
It'’ impossible as no one can ignore your face. The face is the window into the mind: we read others’ expressions to recognize what they’re feeling.
Our emotion can be influential, especially a mom’s, which is why we must let positive energy be what we reflect, as today’s key poetry reminds us: “Let the light of your face shine on us.”
We will make parenting mistakes, as there’s no getting around that. It’s part of the human package. But if we take every possible opportunity to communicate unconditional love to our kids—and use words—they’ll be better able to embrace the society. There’s comfort in knowing we don’t have to be perfect parents to raise children, isn’t there We are all used to working with fault.
I choose to be a beautiful mom, even if my kids and I are the only ones looking. Smiles make me beautiful. Smiling promotes trust, reflects positivity and helps us all relax. It connects people and makes me friendlier. Besides, it’s guaranteed to lift my own mood every time.
Maybe I should tell my face the good news more often, make a serious effort to be more aware of my unconscious face, and show my expressions others as an instrument of praise.
22．What causes the author’s misunderstanding about her mother
A．Her mother’s annoyed look. B．Her mother’s absorption in look.
C．Her mother’s facial aging. D．Her mother’s emotional reaction to kids.
23．Which does the underlined word “fault” mean in Paragraph 5
A．Ease B．Care. C．Imperfection. D．Approval
24．How should we convey love to children as parents according the passage
A．By hugging them firmly in time. B．By raising them unconditionally.
C．By keeping them company long. D．By expressing it straightforwardly.
25．What can be the best title of the text
A．Turn into Qualified Parents B．Wear a Cheerful Expression
C．Embrace the Society in Life D．Explore the Magic of Body Language
Passage 7
（2021·浙江·绍兴一中模拟预测）September is an exciting month in every college freshman’s life. For many, it’s the first time that they’ve left home to live in a new environment. But after the hustle and bustle of a few weeks, excitement gives way to a less enjoyable emotion—homesickness.
Homesickness manifests itself in many ways. You may miss mum’s cooking, your pets, or even your old bed. All this becomes a fond memory of the past. Homesickness can be a bitter feeling for many students, especially when faced with the challenges of settling into an unfamiliar environment.
But remember, you’re not alone. According to a recent BBC article, 70 percent of British college students experience homesickness. In this increasingly globalized world in which people migrate to faraway places for a relationship, education or work, homesickness is a feeling shared by many adults.
Homesickness can have similar symptoms to depression and in extreme cases it can develop into a panic attack. As for the term, homesickness or nostalgia wasn’t invented until the 17th century. It was considered a disorder by a Swiss physician, who attributed soldiers’ mental and physical discomfort to their longing to return home, “nostos” from Greek, and the accompanying pain, “algos”.
Studies in recent years, however, have shown that nostalgia may have some benefits to our mental health. After a decade of surveys and researches, Constantine Sedikides, a US social psychologist, found that nostalgia is what makes us human. He explains that nostalgia can resist loneliness, boredom and anxiety. Therefore, it’s necessary for college students to learn some ways to overcome the uncomfortable feeling.
26．From the first two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.
A．homesickness means a fond memory of the past
B．only a few students will experience homesickness
C．homesickness is an enjoyable emotion among freshmen
D．college freshmen usually suffer from homesickness after weeks
27．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A．Some benefits about homesickness.
B．Other problems in college freshmen’s life.
C．How to make campus life more meaningful.
D．Some tips on how to cope with homesickness.
28．In the author’s eyes, homesickness is ________.
A．common but solvable B．unexpected and cheerful
C．temporary but discouraging D．inevitable and disgusting
Passage 8
（2020·云南民族大学附属中学三模）Many people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable. “We like to view ourselves as good people-as kind and considerate,” says Ryan Fehr, a professor at the University of Washington. “Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don't always live up to our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won't accept our apology, further damaging our positive sense of self. For these reasons, an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. But a heartfelt apology has positive effects. It can improve your mental health, repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apology acts as a signal of one's moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements: expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness. All five aren't necessary every time. “The more of those elements were included, the more likely the apology was seen as convincing,” says Roy Lewicki, the lead study author. “Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes, an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead, a psychology professor at Cardiff University. “But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing, it may be more effective to wait, because their anger may stop them accepting an apology. Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology's effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on. his/her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns, a professor of management at Melbourne Business School. “The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize,” says Etienne Mullet, research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies. “There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
29．Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize
A．They are kind and considerate people. B．They are afraid of losing face.
C．They believe themselves right. D．They have high moral standards.
30．What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
A．To express regret. B．To express what went wrong.
C．To accept responsibility. D．To request forgiveness.
31．What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
A．The sooner, the better. B．The later, the better.
C．The more often, the better. D．The more genuine, the better.
32．What is the passage mainly about
A．How you can make an effective apology. B．Why people avoid apologizing.
C．What benefits you can get from an apology. D．When you can make a heartfelt apology.
参考答案：
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．D
5．A
【解析】
【分析】
试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述作者在无奈的情况下拍摄的一张被一位女士干扰的照片的故事，向读者描述了这样的照片反而显得更生动，我们应该懂得共享美丽，理解分享美丽的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段句子Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.可知，当作者要拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视线。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段句子Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.可推断，这位女士像作者一样，在欣赏风景，玩得很高兴。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段句子And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting.可推断，作者认为，是照片中的女士的存在让照片更加生动。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段句子Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.可推断，作者卧室里的照片提醒我们我们要共享美丽，更好地理解分享美丽的重要性。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据倒数句子Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.和第一段句子That photo is a reminder, a captured（捕捉到的）moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.可推断，这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的生活经历的反思。故选A。
6．B
7．A
8．C
9．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。焦虑现在是我国最常见的心理健康问题，它影响了近三分之一的青少年和成年人。作为父母，我们必须保持平衡，既不要逼得太紧增加了他们的压力，也不必过度保护，要放手让他们自己解决日常问题。
6．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文开头介绍了许多青少年感到焦虑，接着分析了他们产生焦虑的原因，最后给出了作为父母应对焦虑采取的措施，故本文主题为如何应对青少年的焦虑，故选B。
7．
词义猜测题。根据第二段“People usually only post photos where they are looking their best. They are surrounded by friends and seem that they are having a great time. No one seems sad or lonely.(人们通常只在他们看起来最好的地方发布照片。他们周围都是朋友，看起来他们玩得很开心。没有人看起来悲伤或孤独。)”可知，他们在网络上展现出来的生活是“极好的，精彩的”，故选A。
8．
推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s reported that a lot more college students feel ―overwhelming anxiety. The percentage jumped from 50% in 2011 to 62% in 2016. Anxiety is now the most common mental-health problem in my country. It affects nearly one-third of teens and adults.( 据报道，越来越多的大学生感到极度焦虑。这一比例从2011年的50%跃升至2016年的62%。焦虑现在是我国最常见的心理健康问题。它影响了近三分之一的青少年和成年人。)”可知，这些数字显示了青少年焦虑的严重性，故选C。
9．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“We shouldn’t try to protect them from the problems of everyday life. Let them solve the problems in person.( 我们不应该试图保护他们远离日常生活中的问题。让他们亲自解决问题。)”可知，父母应该让他们自己解决生活中的问题，故选D。
10．A
11．B
12．D
13．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是议论文，文章建议更积极的互动。
10．
词句猜测题。根据第一段“which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.” 这已经证明，盲目的积极或消极会让别人感到沮丧、恼怒，或者“tune out”。根据句中的感到沮丧、恼怒，可知此处表示消极的词，A项符合句意，故选A项。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三段“When you experience negative emotions as a result of disapproval or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates conflict and defense mechanisms.” 例如，当你因为不赞同或拒绝而经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生更高水平的压力荷尔蒙，它会关闭你的大部分思考，激活冲突和防御机制。可知，当人们陷入负面情绪时会停止思考。故选B项。
12．
细节理解题。根据第四段“But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than how they are for a negative one.” 但正面事件的影响没有负面事件的影响那么显著和持久。可知消极情绪的影响比积极情绪的影响持续时间更长。故选D项。
13．
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.” 当你与一个人或一个小组进行讨论时，把大部分时间花在讨论什么是有效的，并利用剩余的时间来解决缺点。结合最后一段的建议和前文对于积极情绪和消极情绪的对比，可知文章主要在谈论更积极的互动。“更积极的互动”最适合作文章标题。故选B项。
14．D
15．C
16．B
17．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文的文章。作者由于体重偏重一直处于自卑的心理状态，所以拼命减肥，直到一场重病让她清醒过来，开始接受自己的体重，爱护自己。
14．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.（由于没有达到传统的美的标准，我确信如果我想要被爱，我需要付出更多，做任何事情来取悦周围的人。）”中的to please everyone around可知，作者深受周围人的看法的影响。故选D项。
15．
推理判断题。根据第三段“I entered adulthood thinking I wasn't “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined.（我进入了成年期，认为自己“不够”——这个想法的萌芽，不仅是因为“瘦”受到称赞，还因为与减肥相关的语言——自我改善、自律——都是美德。肥胖很快就会把你归类为懒惰和无纪律的人。）”中的lazy and undisciplined可知，由于肥胖，作者还被贴上了懒惰（lazy）和无纪律的标签。故选C项。
16．
推理判断题。根据第三段“I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.（例如，我没有意识到，我的生理期比以往任何时候都更沉重和痛苦。事实上，我得了一种罕见的疾病，后来做了两次手术。）”中的disease以及第四段“I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true.（我总是觉得我的体重是我生活中许多问题的根源; 我已经知道这不是真的。）”中的I have learnt this is not true可知，由于生病作者已经意识到体重不是自己问题的根源。再结合第四段最后“I have taken first steps to acceptance.（但我已经迈出了接受现实的第一步。）”作者做出了改变。由此推测，是生病让作者决心做出改变。故选B项。
17．
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long.（有时候我会在社交媒体上看到一些声音，说我太胖了，不值得被爱，但是我正学着不要长时间地关注这个想法。）”可知，作者主要想表达接受自己原本的体重，并学会爱自己。C项“你的体重有价值”符合题意，适合作标题。故选C项。
18．C
19．C
20．B
21．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了心理学家表示压力和焦虑并不一定是坏事，解释了压力产生的情况以及压力和焦虑会带来的一些好处。
18．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Damour explained how stress often occurs when people operate at the edge of their abilities - when they push themselves or are forced by situations to stretch beyond their familiar limits.( Damour解释说，当人们在自己能力的边缘时——当他们迫使自己或被情况所迫，去超越自己熟悉的极限时，压力往往就会发生)”可知，人们处理不同的情况候会感到有压力。故选C。
19．
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“that medium levels of stress “can have an”以及后文“which can lead to “higher than average resilience” when we face new difficulties”可知，当我们面对新的困难时，压力可以导致“高于平均水平的适应力”，可见中等水平的压力“可以有积极的功能”。故画线词意思是“积极的”。A. Unexpected.意外的；B. Unbearable.难以忍受的；C. Positive.积极的；D. Determining.决定性的。故选C。
20．
推理判断题。根据第三段““Anxiety gets an unnecessarily bad comment,” she said, “Anxiety is an alarm system inside the body, likely handed down by evolution, which informs us of threats from both outside, such as a driver turning aside suddenly, and inside, such as when we've wasted too much time and it's time to get started on a task.”(她说：“焦虑得到了不必要的糟糕评价，焦虑是身体内部的一个警报系统，可能是由进化传下来的，它通知我们来自外部的威胁，例如司机突然转向一边，以及内部的威胁，例如当我们已经浪费了太多的时间，是时候开始做一项任务了。”)”可推知，第三段的目的是证明焦虑的好处。故选B。
21．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“It's no surprise that stress and anxiety are often viewed in a negative light, but Lisa Damour, a private-practice psychologist, suggests they're not always bad for us. She claims that a little bit of both can help build mental resilience and these experiences can sometimes benefit us.(压力和焦虑通常被视为负面因素，这并不奇怪，但私人执业心理学Lisa Damour表示，它们并不总是对我们有害。她表示，两者都有一点可以帮助我们建立心理弹性，这些经历有时也会对我们有益)”结合文章主要说明了心理学家表示压力和焦虑并不一定是坏事，解释了压力产生的情况以及压力和焦虑会带来的一些好处。可知，文章主要讲了压力和焦虑并不总是坏事。故选A。
22．A
23．C
24．D
25．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了，脸是心灵的窗户，我们通过阅读别人的表情来了解他们的感受，妈妈的情感很重要，因此作者要微笑面对孩子，展示积极的表请，做一个漂亮的妈妈。
22．
细节理解题。由第一段中的“Apparently when ignored, my facial muscles changed to the same angry looks I saw on my own mother’s face as a child. (很明显，当被忽视的时候，我的面部肌肉变成了我小时候在我母亲脸上看到的愤怒的表情。)”和第二段“I used to think she was always mad at me. Once when I asked her what I’d done, she replied, “Nothing. I’m not upset with you; I’m focused on a million other things. Just ignore my face.”(我以前以为她总是生我的气。有一次我问她我做了什么，她回答说：“没什么。我没有生你的气；我专注于其他的事情。别理我的脸。”)”可知，妈妈脸上愤怒的表情让作者以为妈妈总是生自己的气，但其实不是，妈妈专注于其他事情时就是这个愤怒的表情，所以是妈妈恼怒的表情导致作者对她母亲有误解。故选A项。
23．
词义猜测题。由第五段中的“We will make parenting mistakes, as there’s no getting around that. It’s part of the human package. (我们会犯为人父母的错误，因为这是绕不开的。这是人类生活的一部分。)”和“There’s comfort in knowing we don’t have to be perfect parents to raise children, isn’t there We are all used to working with fault. (知道我们不必成为完美的父母来抚养孩子，这是一种安慰，不是吗？我们都习惯于带着fault工作。)”可知，人会犯错这很正常，父母也会犯错的，因此人习惯于带着缺点工作，fault在此处意为“缺点、错误”。故选C项。
24．
细节理解题。由第五段中的“But if we take every possible opportunity to communicate unconditional love to our kids—and use words—they’ll be better able to embrace the society. (但如果我们利用一切可能的机会，向孩子传达无条件的爱，并用语言表达，他们就能更好地融入社会。)”可知，作者建议用语言来表达对孩子的爱，因此作为父母，我们应该直截了当地用语言向孩子表达爱。故选D项。
25．
主旨大意题。第一二段讲“妈妈恼怒的表情导致作者对她母亲有误解”，第三段讲“脸是心灵的窗户，我们通过阅读别人的表情来了解他们的感受”，第四段讲“母亲的情感很重要，因此母亲的脸上要有积极的东西”，第五段讲“接受为人父母也会犯错这件事”，第六七段讲“作者要微笑面对孩子，把积极的表情展现出去”，可知脸是心灵的窗户，人们通过阅读别人的表情来了解他们的感受，妈妈的情感很重要，因此母亲要微笑面对孩子，展示积极的表请，做一个漂亮的妈妈，B项“表情愉快”符合文意。故选B项。
26．D
27．D
28．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍大学新生常有的想家的情绪，作者介绍想家带来的负面后果，但是同时作者也指出想家是很正常的，有时也给学生带来好处。
26．
推理判断题。由第一段中的“But after the hustle and bustle of a few weeks, excitement gives way to a less enjoyable emotion—homesickness.”（但在忙碌了几个星期之后，兴奋让位于一种不太愉快的情绪——乡愁。），可得出大学新生通常在几周后会开始想家。故选D项。
27．
推理判断题。由最后一段中的“He explains that nostalgia can resist loneliness, boredom and anxiety. Therefore, it’s necessary for college students to learn some ways to overcome the uncomfortable feeling.”（他解释说，怀旧可以抵御孤独、无聊和焦虑。因此，大学生有必要学习一些克服不适感（乡愁）的方法。），可得出下一段最有可能讨论的是关于如何处理乡愁的一些方法。故选D项。
28．
推理判断题。由第三段“But remember, you’re not alone. According to a recent BBC article, 70 percent of British college students experience homesickness. In this increasingly globalized world in which people migrate to faraway places for a relationship, education or work, homesickness is a feeling shared by many adults.”（但请记住，你并不孤单。根据英国广播公司最近的一篇文章，70%的英国大学生都有思乡之情。在这个日益全球化的世界里，人们为了恋爱、教育或工作而移居到遥远的地方，乡愁是许多成年人的共同感受。），可知作者认为乡愁具有普遍性；由最后一段中的“He explains that nostalgia can resist loneliness, boredom and anxiety. Therefore, it’s necessary for college students to learn some ways to overcome the uncomfortable feeling.”（他解释说，怀旧可以抵御孤独、无聊和焦虑。因此，大学生有必要学习一些克服不适感（乡愁）的方法。），可知作者让读者学习一些克服乡愁的方法，说明作者认为乡愁是可以解决的。故选A项。
29．B
30．C
31．D
32．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。但是，道歉是一个人道德品质的标志，本文就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. 可知，对许多人来说，道歉是一种有压力的、尴尬的和不舒服的行为。根据stressful, awkward and uncomfortable可知，许多人认为道歉是很丢面子的事情。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.可知，对责任的承认是最重要的一件事，接着是对其发生原因的解释和对其表示遗憾。所以，说到有效的道歉，最重要的是承担责任。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies. 可知，在这种情况下，没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了。由此判断出道歉时，越诚恳越好。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。第二段讲述但真诚的道歉有积极的影响。 它可以改善你的心理健康，修复受损的关系，促进自尊。三、四两段就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。因此，选项A符合本文大意：怎样才能有效地道歉。故选A。
Passage 1
（2017·天津·高考真题）Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others’ space. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
1．What happened when the author was about to take a photo
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave
D．A friend approached from behind.
2．According to the author, the woman was probably_______.
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
3．In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive
A．The rich color of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman’s existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
4．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________.
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
5．The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon _______.
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of traveling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
Passage 2
（2021·山东淄博·三模）Many teens may feel anxious sometimes. It’s the kind of nervousness that makes you bite your nails before a big test. We spend more time online than we should. We feel good about ourselves or bad based on how many Likes and Followers we get on social media. Young people are developing a false view of life.
On the screen, we see what people want to show us. People usually only post photos where they are looking their best. They are surrounded by friends and seem that they are having a great time. No one seems sad or lonely. In short, life is fabulous. But sooner or later, our young people compare their real life to it. They find that theirs doesn’t seem as fun or exciting and grow worried that they may be missing out.
No wonder teachers are reporting more anxious students. It’s reported that a lot more college students feel ―overwhelming anxiety. The percentage jumped from 50% in 2011 to 62% in 2016. Anxiety is now the most common mental-health problem in my country. It affects nearly one-third of teens and adults.
Certainly, we can’t blame it on social media alone. We expect too much from our children and a lot of these expectations aren’t reasonable. Their schedules are packed with sports, clubs and homework. They don’t have enough free time. We want our children to succeed, and we don’t care how much it costs.
As parents, we must have more balance. On one hand, we push too hard, and on the other hand, we make life too easy for children. We shouldn’t and can’t promise our children that they will always be happy. We shouldn’t try to protect them from the problems of everyday life. Let them solve the problems in person.
6．What is the text mainly about
A．What causes teens’ nervousness.
B．How to deal with teens’ anxiety.
C．What a view of life means to people.
D．How to treat social media appropriately.
7．What does the underlined word “fabulous” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Wonderful. B．Encouraging. C．Anxious. D．Doubtful.
8．Why does the author mention the numbers in paragraph 3
A．To draw teachers’ attention.
B．To show teachers’ mental problems.
C．To present the seriousness of teens’ anxiety.
D．To show adults have more problems than teens.
9．What should parents do to help their children out
A．Try to meet their expectations.
B．Help them with their homework.
C．Give them more free time to play sports.
D．Allow them to solve their own problems in life.
Passage 3
（2021·河北衡水中学二模）An amount of the best research on daily experience, according to some experts, is based on rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.
Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.
More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of disapproval or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates conflict and defense mechanisms. You assume that situations are worse than they actually are.
When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body’s production of oxytocin, a feel-good thing that increases your ability to communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than how they are for a negative one.
We need at least 3 to 5 positive interactions to outweigh one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you’re having a conversation* keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what’s going right.
Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.
10．What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Stop listening. B．Change one’s mind.
C．Sing aloud. D．Be crazy.
11．What will happen if we experience negative emotions
A．The situations are sure to become worse.
B．Much of our thinking will be prevented.
C．We will feel an urge to improve and become better.
D．We’ll be motivated to settle conflicts with people.
12．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．We need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling.
B．Positive interactions have greater effects than negative ones.
C．Our conversation should center on what needs improvement.
D．The effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones.
13．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Harmful Negative Interactions
B．More Positive Interactions
C．How to Promote Workplace Productivity
D．Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects
Passage 4
（2021·江苏·南京师大附中三模）For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn't attractive and that I must put on some weight. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn't last long.
I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.
I entered adulthood thinking I wasn't “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn't notice the other ways my body needed attention. I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.
I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.
I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck's back.
14．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．She could change her weight at will.
B．She had different beauty standards from others.
C．She tried to love others to build her confidence.
D．She was greatly influenced by others' opinions.
15．Why did the author think she wasn't “enough”
A．She was poorly disciplined.
B．She failed to celebrate “skinny”．
C．She was labelled as lazy for her weight.
D．She put on more weight after entering adulthood.
16．What caused the author to make a change
A．Her lighter body. B．A troublesome illness.
C．Popular beauty standards. D．Others' critical comments.
17．What is the best title for the text
A．Beauty matters. B．Opinions vary.
C．Worth your weight. D．Beyond your limits.
Passage 5
（2021·宁夏·银川一中模拟预测）It's no surprise that stress and anxiety are often viewed in a negative light, but Lisa Damour, a private-practice psychologist, suggests they're not always bad for us. She claims that a little bit of both can help build mental resilience and these experiences can sometimes benefit us.
Damour explained how stress often occurs when people operate at the edge of their abilities - when they push themselves or are forced by situations to stretch beyond their familiar limits. This can result from both bad and good events, she said. For instance, being fired is stressful, but so is bringing a baby home for the first time. She described how stress is unavoidable in daily life and that medium levels of stress “can have an inoculating function”, which can lead to “higher than average resilience” when we face new difficulties.
“Anxiety gets an unnecessarily bad comment,” she said, “Anxiety is an alarm system inside the body, likely handed down by evolution, which informs us of threats from both outside, such as a driver turning aside suddenly, and inside, such as when we've wasted too much time and it's time to get started on a task.”
Viewing anxiety as sometimes helpful or even protective allows people to make good use of it, suggests Damour. For example, she often tells the teenagers she works with in her practice to pay attention if they start to feel anxious at a party because their nerves may be warning them of a problem.
18．When do people feel stressed according to Damour
A．They have much work to do. B．They lose their favorite things.
C．They deal with different situations. D．They're engaged in doing unfamiliar things.
19．What does the underlined word “inoculating” probably mean in paragraph 2
A．Unexpected. B．Unbearable. C．Positive. D．Determining.
20．What's the purpose of paragraph 3
A．To explain the reason for being anxious. B．To demonstrate the benefits of anxiety.
C．To state the risk of being anxious. D．To present the solution to anxiety.
21．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Stress and anxiety aren't always bad. B．Stress and anxiety are part of our lives.
C．We should focus on positive things in life. D．We should deal with stress and anxiety carefully.
Passage 6
（2021·四川德阳·三模）When I look into a mirror, I’m often shocked by the hatred expression staring back at me. I’m not necessarily angry, sad, or even displeased. I’m just absorbed. I’m so anxious that I don’t realize what my face is doing. Apparently when ignored, my facial muscles changed to the same angry looks I saw on my own mother’s face as a child.
I used to think she was always mad at me. Once when I asked her what I’d done, she replied, “Nothing. I’m not upset with you; I’m focused on a million other things. Just ignore my face.”
It'’ impossible as no one can ignore your face. The face is the window into the mind: we read others’ expressions to recognize what they’re feeling.
Our emotion can be influential, especially a mom’s, which is why we must let positive energy be what we reflect, as today’s key poetry reminds us: “Let the light of your face shine on us.”
We will make parenting mistakes, as there’s no getting around that. It’s part of the human package. But if we take every possible opportunity to communicate unconditional love to our kids—and use words—they’ll be better able to embrace the society. There’s comfort in knowing we don’t have to be perfect parents to raise children, isn’t there We are all used to working with fault.
I choose to be a beautiful mom, even if my kids and I are the only ones looking. Smiles make me beautiful. Smiling promotes trust, reflects positivity and helps us all relax. It connects people and makes me friendlier. Besides, it’s guaranteed to lift my own mood every time.
Maybe I should tell my face the good news more often, make a serious effort to be more aware of my unconscious face, and show my expressions others as an instrument of praise.
22．What causes the author’s misunderstanding about her mother
A．Her mother’s annoyed look. B．Her mother’s absorption in look.
C．Her mother’s facial aging. D．Her mother’s emotional reaction to kids.
23．Which does the underlined word “fault” mean in Paragraph 5
A．Ease B．Care. C．Imperfection. D．Approval
24．How should we convey love to children as parents according the passage
A．By hugging them firmly in time. B．By raising them unconditionally.
C．By keeping them company long. D．By expressing it straightforwardly.
25．What can be the best title of the text
A．Turn into Qualified Parents B．Wear a Cheerful Expression
C．Embrace the Society in Life D．Explore the Magic of Body Language
Passage 7
（2021·浙江·绍兴一中模拟预测）September is an exciting month in every college freshman’s life. For many, it’s the first time that they’ve left home to live in a new environment. But after the hustle and bustle of a few weeks, excitement gives way to a less enjoyable emotion—homesickness.
Homesickness manifests itself in many ways. You may miss mum’s cooking, your pets, or even your old bed. All this becomes a fond memory of the past. Homesickness can be a bitter feeling for many students, especially when faced with the challenges of settling into an unfamiliar environment.
But remember, you’re not alone. According to a recent BBC article, 70 percent of British college students experience homesickness. In this increasingly globalized world in which people migrate to faraway places for a relationship, education or work, homesickness is a feeling shared by many adults.
Homesickness can have similar symptoms to depression and in extreme cases it can develop into a panic attack. As for the term, homesickness or nostalgia wasn’t invented until the 17th century. It was considered a disorder by a Swiss physician, who attributed soldiers’ mental and physical discomfort to their longing to return home, “nostos” from Greek, and the accompanying pain, “algos”.
Studies in recent years, however, have shown that nostalgia may have some benefits to our mental health. After a decade of surveys and researches, Constantine Sedikides, a US social psychologist, found that nostalgia is what makes us human. He explains that nostalgia can resist loneliness, boredom and anxiety. Therefore, it’s necessary for college students to learn some ways to overcome the uncomfortable feeling.
26．From the first two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.
A．homesickness means a fond memory of the past
B．only a few students will experience homesickness
C．homesickness is an enjoyable emotion among freshmen
D．college freshmen usually suffer from homesickness after weeks
27．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A．Some benefits about homesickness.
B．Other problems in college freshmen’s life.
C．How to make campus life more meaningful.
D．Some tips on how to cope with homesickness.
28．In the author’s eyes, homesickness is ________.
A．common but solvable B．unexpected and cheerful
C．temporary but discouraging D．inevitable and disgusting
Passage 8
（2020·云南民族大学附属中学三模）Many people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable. “We like to view ourselves as good people-as kind and considerate,” says Ryan Fehr, a professor at the University of Washington. “Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don't always live up to our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won't accept our apology, further damaging our positive sense of self. For these reasons, an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. But a heartfelt apology has positive effects. It can improve your mental health, repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apology acts as a signal of one's moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements: expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness. All five aren't necessary every time. “The more of those elements were included, the more likely the apology was seen as convincing,” says Roy Lewicki, the lead study author. “Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes, an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead, a psychology professor at Cardiff University. “But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing, it may be more effective to wait, because their anger may stop them accepting an apology. Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology's effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on. his/her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns, a professor of management at Melbourne Business School. “The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize,” says Etienne Mullet, research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies. “There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
29．Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize
A．They are kind and considerate people. B．They are afraid of losing face.
C．They believe themselves right. D．They have high moral standards.
30．What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
A．To express regret. B．To express what went wrong.
C．To accept responsibility. D．To request forgiveness.
31．What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
A．The sooner, the better. B．The later, the better.
C．The more often, the better. D．The more genuine, the better.
32．What is the passage mainly about
A．How you can make an effective apology. B．Why people avoid apologizing.
C．What benefits you can get from an apology. D．When you can make a heartfelt apology.
参考答案：
1．B
2．A
3．C
4．D
5．A
【解析】
【分析】
试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述作者在无奈的情况下拍摄的一张被一位女士干扰的照片的故事，向读者描述了这样的照片反而显得更生动，我们应该懂得共享美丽，理解分享美丽的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段句子Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.可知，当作者要拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视线。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段句子Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.可推断，这位女士像作者一样，在欣赏风景，玩得很高兴。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段句子And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting.可推断，作者认为，是照片中的女士的存在让照片更加生动。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段句子Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.可推断，作者卧室里的照片提醒我们我们要共享美丽，更好地理解分享美丽的重要性。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据倒数句子Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.和第一段句子That photo is a reminder, a captured（捕捉到的）moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.可推断，这篇文章是作者对一次特殊的生活经历的反思。故选A。
6．B
7．A
8．C
9．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。焦虑现在是我国最常见的心理健康问题，它影响了近三分之一的青少年和成年人。作为父母，我们必须保持平衡，既不要逼得太紧增加了他们的压力，也不必过度保护，要放手让他们自己解决日常问题。
6．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文开头介绍了许多青少年感到焦虑，接着分析了他们产生焦虑的原因，最后给出了作为父母应对焦虑采取的措施，故本文主题为如何应对青少年的焦虑，故选B。
7．
词义猜测题。根据第二段“People usually only post photos where they are looking their best. They are surrounded by friends and seem that they are having a great time. No one seems sad or lonely.(人们通常只在他们看起来最好的地方发布照片。他们周围都是朋友，看起来他们玩得很开心。没有人看起来悲伤或孤独。)”可知，他们在网络上展现出来的生活是“极好的，精彩的”，故选A。
8．
推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s reported that a lot more college students feel ―overwhelming anxiety. The percentage jumped from 50% in 2011 to 62% in 2016. Anxiety is now the most common mental-health problem in my country. It affects nearly one-third of teens and adults.( 据报道，越来越多的大学生感到极度焦虑。这一比例从2011年的50%跃升至2016年的62%。焦虑现在是我国最常见的心理健康问题。它影响了近三分之一的青少年和成年人。)”可知，这些数字显示了青少年焦虑的严重性，故选C。
9．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“We shouldn’t try to protect them from the problems of everyday life. Let them solve the problems in person.( 我们不应该试图保护他们远离日常生活中的问题。让他们亲自解决问题。)”可知，父母应该让他们自己解决生活中的问题，故选D。
10．A
11．B
12．D
13．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是议论文，文章建议更积极的互动。
10．
词句猜测题。根据第一段“which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.” 这已经证明，盲目的积极或消极会让别人感到沮丧、恼怒，或者“tune out”。根据句中的感到沮丧、恼怒，可知此处表示消极的词，A项符合句意，故选A项。
11．
细节理解题。根据第三段“When you experience negative emotions as a result of disapproval or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates conflict and defense mechanisms.” 例如，当你因为不赞同或拒绝而经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生更高水平的压力荷尔蒙，它会关闭你的大部分思考，激活冲突和防御机制。可知，当人们陷入负面情绪时会停止思考。故选B项。
12．
细节理解题。根据第四段“But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than how they are for a negative one.” 但正面事件的影响没有负面事件的影响那么显著和持久。可知消极情绪的影响比积极情绪的影响持续时间更长。故选D项。
13．
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.” 当你与一个人或一个小组进行讨论时，把大部分时间花在讨论什么是有效的，并利用剩余的时间来解决缺点。结合最后一段的建议和前文对于积极情绪和消极情绪的对比，可知文章主要在谈论更积极的互动。“更积极的互动”最适合作文章标题。故选B项。
14．D
15．C
16．B
17．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文的文章。作者由于体重偏重一直处于自卑的心理状态，所以拼命减肥，直到一场重病让她清醒过来，开始接受自己的体重，爱护自己。
14．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around.（由于没有达到传统的美的标准，我确信如果我想要被爱，我需要付出更多，做任何事情来取悦周围的人。）”中的to please everyone around可知，作者深受周围人的看法的影响。故选D项。
15．
推理判断题。根据第三段“I entered adulthood thinking I wasn't “enough”—an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that “skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight—self improvement, discipline—all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined.（我进入了成年期，认为自己“不够”——这个想法的萌芽，不仅是因为“瘦”受到称赞，还因为与减肥相关的语言——自我改善、自律——都是美德。肥胖很快就会把你归类为懒惰和无纪律的人。）”中的lazy and undisciplined可知，由于肥胖，作者还被贴上了懒惰（lazy）和无纪律的标签。故选C项。
16．
推理判断题。根据第三段“I failed to realize, for example, that my period was much heavier and more painful than ever before. Actually I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries.（例如，我没有意识到，我的生理期比以往任何时候都更沉重和痛苦。事实上，我得了一种罕见的疾病，后来做了两次手术。）”中的disease以及第四段“I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true.（我总是觉得我的体重是我生活中许多问题的根源; 我已经知道这不是真的。）”中的I have learnt this is not true可知，由于生病作者已经意识到体重不是自己问题的根源。再结合第四段最后“I have taken first steps to acceptance.（但我已经迈出了接受现实的第一步。）”作者做出了改变。由此推测，是生病让作者决心做出改变。故选B项。
17．
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long.（有时候我会在社交媒体上看到一些声音，说我太胖了，不值得被爱，但是我正学着不要长时间地关注这个想法。）”可知，作者主要想表达接受自己原本的体重，并学会爱自己。C项“你的体重有价值”符合题意，适合作标题。故选C项。
18．C
19．C
20．B
21．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了心理学家表示压力和焦虑并不一定是坏事，解释了压力产生的情况以及压力和焦虑会带来的一些好处。
18．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Damour explained how stress often occurs when people operate at the edge of their abilities - when they push themselves or are forced by situations to stretch beyond their familiar limits.( Damour解释说，当人们在自己能力的边缘时——当他们迫使自己或被情况所迫，去超越自己熟悉的极限时，压力往往就会发生)”可知，人们处理不同的情况候会感到有压力。故选C。
19．
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“that medium levels of stress “can have an”以及后文“which can lead to “higher than average resilience” when we face new difficulties”可知，当我们面对新的困难时，压力可以导致“高于平均水平的适应力”，可见中等水平的压力“可以有积极的功能”。故画线词意思是“积极的”。A. Unexpected.意外的；B. Unbearable.难以忍受的；C. Positive.积极的；D. Determining.决定性的。故选C。
20．
推理判断题。根据第三段““Anxiety gets an unnecessarily bad comment,” she said, “Anxiety is an alarm system inside the body, likely handed down by evolution, which informs us of threats from both outside, such as a driver turning aside suddenly, and inside, such as when we've wasted too much time and it's time to get started on a task.”(她说：“焦虑得到了不必要的糟糕评价，焦虑是身体内部的一个警报系统，可能是由进化传下来的，它通知我们来自外部的威胁，例如司机突然转向一边，以及内部的威胁，例如当我们已经浪费了太多的时间，是时候开始做一项任务了。”)”可推知，第三段的目的是证明焦虑的好处。故选B。
21．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“It's no surprise that stress and anxiety are often viewed in a negative light, but Lisa Damour, a private-practice psychologist, suggests they're not always bad for us. She claims that a little bit of both can help build mental resilience and these experiences can sometimes benefit us.(压力和焦虑通常被视为负面因素，这并不奇怪，但私人执业心理学Lisa Damour表示，它们并不总是对我们有害。她表示，两者都有一点可以帮助我们建立心理弹性，这些经历有时也会对我们有益)”结合文章主要说明了心理学家表示压力和焦虑并不一定是坏事，解释了压力产生的情况以及压力和焦虑会带来的一些好处。可知，文章主要讲了压力和焦虑并不总是坏事。故选A。
22．A
23．C
24．D
25．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了，脸是心灵的窗户，我们通过阅读别人的表情来了解他们的感受，妈妈的情感很重要，因此作者要微笑面对孩子，展示积极的表请，做一个漂亮的妈妈。
22．
细节理解题。由第一段中的“Apparently when ignored, my facial muscles changed to the same angry looks I saw on my own mother’s face as a child. (很明显，当被忽视的时候，我的面部肌肉变成了我小时候在我母亲脸上看到的愤怒的表情。)”和第二段“I used to think she was always mad at me. Once when I asked her what I’d done, she replied, “Nothing. I’m not upset with you; I’m focused on a million other things. Just ignore my face.”(我以前以为她总是生我的气。有一次我问她我做了什么，她回答说：“没什么。我没有生你的气；我专注于其他的事情。别理我的脸。”)”可知，妈妈脸上愤怒的表情让作者以为妈妈总是生自己的气，但其实不是，妈妈专注于其他事情时就是这个愤怒的表情，所以是妈妈恼怒的表情导致作者对她母亲有误解。故选A项。
23．
词义猜测题。由第五段中的“We will make parenting mistakes, as there’s no getting around that. It’s part of the human package. (我们会犯为人父母的错误，因为这是绕不开的。这是人类生活的一部分。)”和“There’s comfort in knowing we don’t have to be perfect parents to raise children, isn’t there We are all used to working with fault. (知道我们不必成为完美的父母来抚养孩子，这是一种安慰，不是吗？我们都习惯于带着fault工作。)”可知，人会犯错这很正常，父母也会犯错的，因此人习惯于带着缺点工作，fault在此处意为“缺点、错误”。故选C项。
24．
细节理解题。由第五段中的“But if we take every possible opportunity to communicate unconditional love to our kids—and use words—they’ll be better able to embrace the society. (但如果我们利用一切可能的机会，向孩子传达无条件的爱，并用语言表达，他们就能更好地融入社会。)”可知，作者建议用语言来表达对孩子的爱，因此作为父母，我们应该直截了当地用语言向孩子表达爱。故选D项。
25．
主旨大意题。第一二段讲“妈妈恼怒的表情导致作者对她母亲有误解”，第三段讲“脸是心灵的窗户，我们通过阅读别人的表情来了解他们的感受”，第四段讲“母亲的情感很重要，因此母亲的脸上要有积极的东西”，第五段讲“接受为人父母也会犯错这件事”，第六七段讲“作者要微笑面对孩子，把积极的表情展现出去”，可知脸是心灵的窗户，人们通过阅读别人的表情来了解他们的感受，妈妈的情感很重要，因此母亲要微笑面对孩子，展示积极的表请，做一个漂亮的妈妈，B项“表情愉快”符合文意。故选B项。
26．D
27．D
28．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍大学新生常有的想家的情绪，作者介绍想家带来的负面后果，但是同时作者也指出想家是很正常的，有时也给学生带来好处。
26．
推理判断题。由第一段中的“But after the hustle and bustle of a few weeks, excitement gives way to a less enjoyable emotion—homesickness.”（但在忙碌了几个星期之后，兴奋让位于一种不太愉快的情绪——乡愁。），可得出大学新生通常在几周后会开始想家。故选D项。
27．
推理判断题。由最后一段中的“He explains that nostalgia can resist loneliness, boredom and anxiety. Therefore, it’s necessary for college students to learn some ways to overcome the uncomfortable feeling.”（他解释说，怀旧可以抵御孤独、无聊和焦虑。因此，大学生有必要学习一些克服不适感（乡愁）的方法。），可得出下一段最有可能讨论的是关于如何处理乡愁的一些方法。故选D项。
28．
推理判断题。由第三段“But remember, you’re not alone. According to a recent BBC article, 70 percent of British college students experience homesickness. In this increasingly globalized world in which people migrate to faraway places for a relationship, education or work, homesickness is a feeling shared by many adults.”（但请记住，你并不孤单。根据英国广播公司最近的一篇文章，70%的英国大学生都有思乡之情。在这个日益全球化的世界里，人们为了恋爱、教育或工作而移居到遥远的地方，乡愁是许多成年人的共同感受。），可知作者认为乡愁具有普遍性；由最后一段中的“He explains that nostalgia can resist loneliness, boredom and anxiety. Therefore, it’s necessary for college students to learn some ways to overcome the uncomfortable feeling.”（他解释说，怀旧可以抵御孤独、无聊和焦虑。因此，大学生有必要学习一些克服不适感（乡愁）的方法。），可知作者让读者学习一些克服乡愁的方法，说明作者认为乡愁是可以解决的。故选A项。
29．B
30．C
31．D
32．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。但是，道歉是一个人道德品质的标志，本文就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. 可知，对许多人来说，道歉是一种有压力的、尴尬的和不舒服的行为。根据stressful, awkward and uncomfortable可知，许多人认为道歉是很丢面子的事情。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.可知，对责任的承认是最重要的一件事，接着是对其发生原因的解释和对其表示遗憾。所以，说到有效的道歉，最重要的是承担责任。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies. 可知，在这种情况下，没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了。由此判断出道歉时，越诚恳越好。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面子。第二段讲述但真诚的道歉有积极的影响。 它可以改善你的心理健康，修复受损的关系，促进自尊。三、四两段就作出有效的道歉进行了说明——要承担责任、越真诚越好。因此，选项A符合本文大意：怎样才能有效地道歉。故选A。