2022届高考英语二轮复习： 用过去式表示的虚拟语气知识点总结学案（无答案）

高中英语语法学习/复习讲义
虚拟语气语法知识点讲义13【精讲版·全国通用】
用过去式表示的虚拟语气知识点总结
■在虚拟条件句中的运用
1. 与现在事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用一般过去式(be一般用were) ，主句谓语用would /should /could /might +动词原形。如：
If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你,我决不做那件事。
If it weren’t for (=But for) your help, I would still be homeless. 若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。
If I had more money, I would buy a car. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买汽车了。
注：在口语中，在第一、三人称后，也有人用was。如：
If I was(were) rich, I would buy a car. 我要是有钱，我就买汽车了。
2. 与将来事实相反：条件句中的谓语可用一般过去式、或者“were to /should＋动词原形”，主句谓语用would /should /could /might +动词原形。如：
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 要是明天下雨，我就不去那里。
3. 与过去事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句谓语用would /should /could /might + have +过去分词。如：
If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 要是他当初听从我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。
If it hadn’t been for Margaret, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛格丽特，我可能还不明白。
注：若虚拟条件句中有were, should, had时，可省略if，将were, should, had移至主语前。如：
Were I you, I would never do that.
Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go there.
Had it not been for Margaret, I might not have understood.
■在错综时间虚拟条件句中的运用
虚拟条件句与主句谓动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语动词的形式。如：
If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你当初听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
■在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用
有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用without, with, but for(要不是) 等介词短语，或者用but, or, otherwise等副词或连词，或者用不定式或分词短语等来表示虚拟条件。如：
But for (=if it had not been for ) your help, I wouldn’t have been successful. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。
I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have helped him. 我当时很忙，要不然，我会帮助他的。
We couldn’t have finished it without Mary. 如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按时完成这个工作的。
To hear him talk (=If you could hear him talk…) , you’d think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。
Given more time, I could have done it better. 要是多给一点时间，我会做得更好。
■在wish, if only, as if, would rather等后的从句中
这些从句的谓语动词的形式是：若与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去式(动词be一律用were) ；若与过去事实相反，用过去完成式。如：
I wish it were spring here all the year round. 但愿这里四季如春。
I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. 但愿当初不该浪费这么多时间就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是听了我父母的话就好了。
Li Ming speaks English as if he were an American. 李明说英语好像是美国人。
I would rather he came tomorrow. 我宁愿他明天来。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
注：as if/as though引导的从句若是事实，就不必用虚拟语气。如：
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨的样子。
■ as if/as though引导的从句中
He speaks English as though he were an American. 他说英语跟美国人差不多。
■在It’s time that…的that从句的谓语动词
It is time that we got ready for the final examination. 该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。
练习
请看下面两道题，虽然不是考查虚拟语气，但其中的虚拟语气对做题至关重要：
题1：—It looks as if he were drunk.
—So it does. _________.
A. He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【分析】此题最佳答案为D，但A、B、C均有可能误选，主要是受题中 drunk 一词的影响。
做此题的关键是要抓住It looks as if he were drunk 中的关键词were，因为它表明此句的谓语为虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是喝醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的 so it does 表示强调，意为：他看上去的确像是喝醉了。
类似用法：
—The building looks beautiful. 这房子看上去很美。
—Yes, so it does. 是的，看上去的确很美。
此句中的 so it does 也表强调。

题2：I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _________ too busy.
A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been
【分析】此题容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。正确答案为A：前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请看类例(答案均为A)：
(1) We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _________ it was gone.
A. found B. had found C. would find D. would have found
(2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _________.
A. didn't B. hadn't C. would not D. would not been
(3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we _________ no time.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had
(4) I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _________ and I couldn't get away.
A. called B. had called C. would call D. would have called