人教版（新课程标准）选修七Unit1 Living well Grammar不定式课件(30张ppt)

(共30张PPT)
Nonfinite Verbs
动词不定式
结构 : to do
(否定) not/never to do
二. 时态与语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
不定式
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been
done
to have been doing
----------
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(1).They pretended not to see us.
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.
(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
时态
1.It is an honor for me __________ (invite) to attend the meeting.
2.He wants the house ____________ (repair) at once.
to be invited
to be repaired
3.玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。
Mary seemed ______________________.
4.众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。
He is known _________________ a gold medal at the Olympics.
to have been told about it
to have been given
语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Inventors have been trying ___ ______
flying cars since the 1930s.
自从20世纪30年代, 发明家们就尝试着制造飞车。
2. He is said __ ___ ________ in New York.
据说他正在纽约求学。
3. I am very glad __ ___ ________ with you.
很高兴和你一起共事。
4. She is said __ _____ _____ _______ the novel about
New York for years. 据说多年来她一直在写这本关于
纽约的小说
5. That building is reported __ _____ _____ ___ ___ .
据报道, 那座大楼已建成了
to
make
to
be
studying
to
be
working
to
have
been
writing
been
set
up
to
have
动词不定式（The Infinitive）
二. 动词不定式的句法作用法
动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。
动词不定式
To do that sort of thing is foolish。
I want to see you this evening
All you have to do is to finish it quickly.
We found a house to live in.
She came here to study English.
I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾补
1.作主语
不定式做主语时,谓语动词用单数。
To see is to believe．
Not to get there in time is your fault.
注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
句型1：It + 谓语 + to do
It takes us an hour ________ (get )there by bus.
句型2：It’s + n. + to do
It’s our duty _________ (help) the poor.
It is a great enjoyment ___________ (spend ) our holiday in the mountains
三. 动词不定式的句法作用
to get
to help
to spend
句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.
It is + adj + for sb to do sth
It is + adj + of sb to do sth
（是形容人的品质的 ）
（是形容事物的性质的 ）
It is easy ______ me to finish this work before ten.
It is a great honor _______ us to be present at your birthday party.
It is very kind ___ you to give me some help.
It's impolite ___ you to speak to the teacher like that.
for
for
of
of
2.作表语
1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性)
_______(do) two things at a time is to do neither．
一次做两件事等于未做。
_________ (see) is to believe.
2)系动词be, appear, seem, prove后用to do形式做表语；
be to do ,be about to do结构表将来时:
He is to marry Rose.
He was about ________ (enter) when he heard a cry.
To do
To see
to enter
3).如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用。
His wish is ________ (buy) a car in the near future.
他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。
The most important thing is __________ (take) measures to prevent the pollution.
最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染．
to buy
to take
4).如果主语部分有do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。
你要做的就是快点完成任务。
All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.
Exx:
1. To live is ___________ (struggle).
2. Her wish is ___________ (become) a doctor.
3. I was just about ____________ (leave) the office when the phone rang.
4. My job is ___________ (look) after the children today.
5. 我们计划去参观那个大型工厂。
We ____________ the large factory.
6.What interested me most was __________ (find) such a thing in the forest.
7. The captain seemed ____________(hesitate)
for a moment.
to struggle
to become
to leave
to look
are to visit
to find
to hesitate
常见动词有：
口诀:想要决定同意，希望许诺选择需要
want, decide,, agree, wish, hope ,promise , choose, need
3.作宾语
I want to know this matter.
I don’t expect to meet you here.
1).
接不定式做宾语
1. They wanted _____( get ) on the bus, didn’t they
2. He said he wished _____ ( be ) a professor.
3. I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor.
4. My daughter preferred ______ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.
5. He had promised ______ ( give ) me a hand.
to get
to be
to go
to dance
to give
2. 疑问词+ 不定式
I couldn't decide which book to choose.
I can tell you where to get this book.
疑问词+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。如：
When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plans into practice.
3. it作形式宾语 如：find it +adj+ to do
I find/feel to work with him interesting ．
I find/feel _______ interesting to work with him．
Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… +adj/n + to do sth.
1.We thought __ better ___ start early.
2.Do you consider ___ better not ____ go
3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that.
4.We think __ important __ obey the law.
5.I know __ impossible __ finish so much homework in a day.
it
宾语
宾补
it
it
it
it
it
to
to
to
to
to
4. 作定语
注意1：若不定式是vi., 不定式后介词不可省。
Could you lend me a pen _____________(write)
He is looking for a room _______________(live).
Please pass me some paper ___________ (write).
He had place ________ (live).
P.S：不定式所修饰的名词若是time, place或way，其的介词习惯上省去。
to write with
to live in
to write on
to live
注意2：当名词被the first ,the last, the only等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定式作定语。
她总是第一个到最后一个离开。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
注意3：不定式作定语表示未发生的动作。
The meeting _________ (hold) tomorrow is important.
to be held
注意4. 常用于have sth to do 句型中。
注意比较：
1) Have you anything to send
你有什么东西要寄吗？
2) Have you anything to be sent
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）
（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是
已被省略的me 或someone else）
不定式做定语除了一般式to do外，还有不定式的被动形式to be done
当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义。如：
1) Mr.Smith，I have some questions__________ (ask).
史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。
(不定式to ask的动作执行者是主语I)
2) Please give me some books___________ (read).
(不定式to read的动作执行者是句中的me)
但：I'm going to the post office; do you have anything
_____________ (send)？
我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？
(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的，所以用了被动)
to be sent
to ask
to read
不定式逻辑主语不是句子主语时要用被动式
注意5：不定式，现在分词，过去分词作定语区别
1.They are discussing the lab ________(build) next month.
2.They are discussing the lab ________(build) last month.
3.They are discussing the lab ________ (build) now month.
(to do表将来)
(ved 表完成)
(ving 表正在进行)
to be built
built
being built
4.作宾语补足语
(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)
1) 带to的不定式作宾补
动词: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后皆以带to的不定式作宾补。
Mother told me ___ come back before 10 o’clock.
2)不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：
五看
watch
see
look at
observe
notice
一感觉:
feel
三使
let
make
have
二听
listen to
hear
+ sb do sth
（省略to）
P.S. 若上述结构变为被动语态, to要还原。
1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.
2. Mother made John wash the car for a week.
John was made to wash the car for a week.
6. 作状语
1) 目的状语 (to do, in order to, so as to do)
I stayed there to see what would happen.
He spoke loudly in order to be heard.
2) 结果状语 (too…to do, so/ such… as to do)
He lay in the bed only _______ his feet exposed.
He got there only ________ (find) the train gone.
3) 原因状语 (be + adj. + to do )
sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel…
We were very excited to hear the news.
I have to say goodbye now. I’m happy to meet you.
to find
to find
[辨析] doing/ to do 作结果状语
I went to see my aunt only to find her out.
I went to see my aunt, finding her out.
He donated a lot of money __________ (enable) the orphans to go to school.
He donated a lot of money, __________ (enable) the orphans to go to school.
to enable
enabling
出乎意料
顺其自然
1) Do you have anything else ______ (say)
2) Boss, do you have anything ___________(type)
3) With much homework _____ (do), I can’t go to play football with you.
4) The question is very difficult _________(answer).
5) The problem is easy ___________(deal with).
6) The river water is warm enough to swim in.
7) The ice is too thin to skate on.
8) You are_________(blame).
注意：一、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
to say
to be typed
to do
to answer
to deal with
8）You are_________ (blame)
to blame
1. have sth to do 或with sth to do 结构中
to blame
2. 主语＋be +adj. +to do
3. too… to do, …enough to do句型
4. 某些动词（如blame，let等）用在be后作表语
不定式逻辑主语不是句子主语时要用被动式
不定式主动表被动
The pen is easy________(use).
The room is comfortable _____(live) in
I have a lot of book______, so I am busy.(read)
Lucy is a two years old .She has many clothes to ______(wash)
There are many books_______________(read).
You are_________ (blame)
to use
to live
to read
be washed.
to read/ to be read
to blame
难点
to use
to live
to read
to be washed
to read/ to be read
to blame
1. The chair looks rather hard ,but in fact it is very comfortable to _______
A sit B sit on C be sat D be sat on
2. I’m hungry. Get me something _____
A eat B to eat C to be eat D for eating
3. It is difficult for a foreigner _____ Chinese
A write B to write C to be write D written
4. I have no more letters ____,thank you
A to type B typing C to be typed D typed
5. He was nowhere ___
A to see B to be seen C to do D seen
6. We waited for the work ____
A done B being done C to do D to be done
bbbcbd
bbbcbd
1. 如果主语部分有do, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。
你要做的就是快点完成任务。
All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.
2. 感官动词、使役动词后作宾补时, 省去to；
但在被动语态中to还原。
他们看到男孩从树上跌了下来。
They saw the boy fall from the tree.
= The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
注意：二、不定式to的省略
3. can’t but/ can’t choose but / can’t help but / can’t do but + do
She could do nothing but _______ (cry).
We can not choose but _____(leave)at once.
I have no choice but ______ (go).
We can not help but _______(think) so.
注意：二、不定式to的省略
cry
to go
think
4. 不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.
- Would you like to go with me - I’d like ______.
to
不定式是to be/have 结构, be/have 不可省.
- Would you like to be a teacher
- I’d like ______.
to be
leave