外研版（2019）必修第三册：Unit 3 The World of Science A卷（含答案）
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Unit 3 The World of Science A卷 基础夯实
2021-2022学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修三单元测试AB卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub(冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a 2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, "I feel I've done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize."
Lene Hau
Hau is best-known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Hau's year
Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu's "Wu experiment" helped disprove the "law of conservation of parity". Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
1.When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel
A.In 1944. B.In 1967. C.In 1974. D.In 1980.
2.Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text
A.Donna Strickland. B.Jocelyn Bell Burnell.
C.Lene Hau. D.Vera Rubin.
3.What do we know about the five females
A.The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.
B.Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.
C.Lise Meitner's teacher won a Nobel Prize for her work.
D.The five female scientists haven't been awarded Nobel Prize.
B
If you have a bad habit of losing things, a new device that can be connected to any item that you might lose may be the way to solve your problem. The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range. If the item goes out of your phone's 150-foot range, it can still be detected on other smart phones with the same app.
When you log into the app on your phone, it shows you, with green bars that increase or decrease, how far away you are from the Tile. You can also program it to make a sound when you get close to the Tile. And you can link up your phone with up to ten Tiles. And if your lost item — a dog, for example, or a stolen bike — goes out of your own phone's 150-foot Bluetooth range, you can set it as a "lost item". If any of the phones with the Tile app comes within the range of your lost item, a message will be sent to your own phone, reminding you of its position. The Tile app also has the function to remember where it last saw your Tile, so that you can easily find where you left it.
Since the Tiles use Bluetooth rather than GPS, they never run out of battery or need to be charged, and they last for one year before needing to be replaced.
1.The Tile app can help you _________.
A.find your missing items B.use your phone more wisely
C.save your phone's battery power D.connect something to your phone
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The Tile needs to be charged after a year of use.
B.One smart phone can only be linked up to one Tile.
C.The Tile cannot work when linked up to a phone without Bluetooth.
D.A missing item can't be found if it goes out of the needed range.
3.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us
A.What the Tile app is. B.How the Tile app works.
C.The advantages of the Tile app. D.Why the Tile app was invented.
4.Where does this passage probably come from
A.A science fiction novel. B.An advertisement.
C.A personal diary. D.A news report.
C
Dogs are our best friends. That's especially true after a disaster, such as an earthquake. When buildings fall down, search-and-rescue dogs help find trapped people. Dogs' amazing noses can pick up the smell of survivors. Now scientists have developed an electronic tool that does the same thing. It's taking smell detection(探测) to a whole new level.
The new invention is a sort of electronic nose, which can detect extremely low levels of many compounds(化合物) from people's skin. This isn't the first time engineers have developed such an object. Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive. They could not detect low levels of target compounds either. The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.
The electronic nose can detect extremely slight smell of more than one compound at the same time. "Being able to do this, in such a small object, is the significant discovery," says Sotiris E. Pratsinis, Professor of Process Engineering and Materials Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His team tested it in special spaces. They were like the small spaces where people might be trapped. Chemicals given off by the volunteers built up inside. The electronic equipment detected those compounds at unbelievably low levels.
The results were good news for the research team. But they may be not for our four-legged friends, who could soon be out of a job. "Ideally, this technology could replace search-and-rescue dogs," Pratsinis says.
Stephen Taylor, an electrical engineer, agrees that the new technology has some benefits over dogs. Still, he thinks it may be too soon to have our trusty friends retire. He suspects, "I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs." Taylor also points out some potential limitations of the new invention. "E-noses are useful, but can be very likely to be affected by unstable readings and interruption," he says.
1.Why does the author talk about dogs at the beginning
A.To catch the readers' attention. B.To introduce the topic about e-noses.
C.To show what search-and-rescue dogs do. D.To add background information for discussion.
2.Which of the following best explains "bulky" underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Complex. B.Fragile. C.Handy. D.Large.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.What e-noses' working principle is.
B.How e-noses are made.
C.What differences between dogs and e-noses are.
D.How powerful e-noses are.
4.What does Stephen Taylor mean
A.Dogs and e-noses could work together. B.Search-and-rescue dogs will retire soon.
C.E-noses are more reliable than noses of dogs. D.Dogs are better at finding out trapped people.
D
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that "night milk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows' milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk _________.
A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious
C.were less active D.woke up later
2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text
A.It's been tested on mice for ten times. B.It can make people more energetic.
C.It exists in milk in great amount. D.It's used in sleeping drugs.
3.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat, Sugar and Health
C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health
4.How does the author support the theme of the text
A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research results.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Social Media
Social media can be defined as web-based and mobile media that are used for people to interact, connect and communicate with each other. It often involves the creation and sharing of content (writings, pictures and videos) that people make themselves, mostly through the Internet.
①_____ The first type involves people getting together to work on a project, for example, Wikipedia. Blogs and microblogs (such as Twitter) are another type of social media. There are other websites like YouTube that allow people to share content such as pictures, articles or videos. ②_____ This site allows people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type. Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers. ③_____ The final type of social media is websites like Second Life, where people can create avatars(化身) and use and create objects, as if they were in the real world.
Social media is different from traditional media. With social media, many individual people create content.
Another difference is that people who produce content in social media don't need very special skills. ④_____ It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post, for example. ⑤_____ But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.
A. World of Warcraft is a good example.
B. And social media content can be produced much faster.
C. In general, there are six different types of social media.
D. Another type of social media is the social networking site.
E. Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.
F. In traditional media, people need special skills to produce something.
G. Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in today's world.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
Mr. Jones had always wanted to make a trip into the middle of Africa to photograph wild animals. 1 his wife had not wanted him to 2 her. At last his wife agreed to the trip if he allowed her to go, too.
Mr. Jones 3 her, "It will be very hot and we shall live in a tent and it 4 be dangerous."
"I don't care," said his wife. So they bought a big tent, camp beds and many other things, and went off to the 5 of Africa.
The first morning, 6 Mr. Jones took his camera and left the tent, he 7 his wife a bell and explained to her, "If you feel in 8 , ring this bell."
After a while, he heard the bell and came back quickly. "What's the matter " he asked. " 9 ," said his wife, "I was only trying the bell."
Mr. Jones went off, but after a while, the bell rang 10 . Mr. Jones hurried back to the tent, but his wife said, "I'm 11 but I was cleaning our tent, and I knocked the bell over 12 ."
Mr. Jones returned to his photographing(拍摄) but soon he heard the bell. When he got back to his 13 , the tent was burning and Mrs. Jones was lying on the ground, 14 blood running from a big cut on her shoulder, "That's better!" said Mr. Jones. "This time the bell has been used 15 !"
1.A.And B.But C.Or D.So
2.A.leave B.miss C.marry D.care
3.A.informed B.advised C.reported D.warned
4.A.may B.ought C.can't D.shall
5.A.south B.centre C.east D.west
6.A.while B.until C.before D.after
7.A.gave B.sent C.lent D.bought
8.A.hurry B.surprise C.safety D.danger
9.A.Something B.Nothing C.No D.None
10.A.again B.once C.across D.away
11.A.happy B.sorry C.tired D.right
12.A.on purpose B.by design C.at last D.by mistake
13.A.garden B.house C.camp D.office
14.A.in B.on C.with D.for
15.A.correctly B.quickly C.crazily D.anxiously
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The history of computer ①________(date) back to 1642 in France. At first, it ②________ (build) only as a calculating machine, and later as an analytical machine that could "think" logically and produce an answer which was quicker than any person. Still later, the "universal machine" ③________ (build) in order to solve mathematical problems, which made computer huge! As the years have gone by, computers ④________ (make) smaller, quicker and cleverer. Up till now, computers ⑤________ (connect) by network and are able to help people deal with the information which ⑥________ (need) and help communication be tween people around the world. Since its birth, computers ⑦________ (always design) to serve the human race. As AI technology ⑧________ (develop) quicker and quicker, greater changes ⑨________ (take) place. Much more practical use ⑩________ (put) into human daily life.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
请根据下面的内容提示,用英语写一篇物理实验报告。
实验目的 证明冰在融化的过程中温度不变。
实验用品 冰块,大、小烧杯,温度计,热水。
实验步骤 1. 在一个大烧杯中倒入热水; 2. 把装有冰块的小烧杯放入热水中,在冰块中插入温度计; 3. 观察冰块的温度变化,注意冰开始融化时的温度; 4. 观察冰融化为水的过程中的温度变化。
实验结果 冰全部融化为水的过程中温度不变。
实验结论 冰在零摄氏度时才开始融化。融化过程中温度不变。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 参考词汇:烧杯beaker 温度计thermometer
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I grew up in a large family of twelve siblings(兄弟姐妹).We weren't poor by most standards, but things were definitely tight for us. My parents never shared their financial worries. Instead, they chose to let us have a carefree childhood. But despite their consideration, I knew, as children often do, that there were times they went without and that certain things my friends had wouldn't be available to me.
Back in those days, hot lunch was a luxury for the wealthier kids, and hot-lunch buyers sat separately from the students who brought cold lunch. My siblings and I brought lunch from home every day: thick slices of homemade bread hiding one scant slice of bologna, three oatmeal cookies, and a small apple. We would look on longingly as the rich kids proudly sat down with their steaming plates of fried chicken or fish sticks and potato puffs, cartons of cold milk, chilled peaches and a slice of cake.
I never said anything, but my first grade teacher, Mrs. Caruso, must have seen the desire in my eyes. One day she quietly pressed a note into my hand and whispered, "Give this to your mother." I skipped home and gave my mom the note. She read it and smiled. "Well, Mrs. Caruso said because of all your hard work, she wants to buy your lunch tomorrow." The next day, I proudly carried my tray of chicken fricassee across the cafeteria and took my seat at the hot-lunch table. Honestly, the food wasn't as great as I had imagined, but I was pleased to be there and felt honored to be a part of the group.
One rainy day, Mrs. Caruso asked me to stay after school. My stomach instantly dropped to the floor. Surely, I must be in trouble! Did she know I hadn't finished my math sheet Did she see me teasing Billy on the playground
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After the other students had left, Mrs, Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I don't know why Mrs. Caruso helped my family.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3 CCD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据Jocelyn Bell Burnell段落中的then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, 可知第一个射电脉冲星(radio pulsars)在1967年被发现, 它的发现被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据Lene Hau段落中的Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, 可知莱娜 豪经常位居诺贝尔奖预测名单榜首, 她最有可能获诺贝尔奖。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段总述中It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.可知唐娜 斯特里克兰是五十五年来第一个获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性, 而文中介绍的五位女科学家都应该获得这个奖, 但由于各种原因未能获奖。故选D项。
B.答案：1-4.ACBD
解析：语篇解读:这是一篇介绍一种新型的可以找回自己丢失的东西的产品的文章。主要介绍了这种产品的功能、用法以及投放市场的远景等。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range.”可知The Tile 是一种通过蓝牙与你的iPhone或iPad连接起来的设备,让你看到你与你丢失的东西有多近。故选择A项。
2.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range.”可知这种设备如果没有蓝牙就没法工作。故选C项。
3.解析:主旨大意题。 通读文章第二段,并根据该段的关键词program, link up等可以判断该段主要介绍如何使用这种产品。故选B项。
4.解析:推理判断题。 通读全文,并根据文章的最后一段推断可知,该文章应该是源自新闻报道。故选D项。
C.答案：1-4 BDDA
解析：1.推理判断题。第一段中, 作者先介绍了狗的鼻子有很多用途, 然后介绍科学家现在发明了可以做同样事情的电子鼻。由此可以推断, 先提及狗是为了引出电子鼻的话题, 故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive...The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.可知, 早期的电子鼻比较昂贵且"bulky", 新型的电子鼻则体积小巧, 可放入手持设备内, 新旧形成对比, 由此猜测bulky是"庞大"的意思, 故选D项。complex意为"复杂的"; fragile意为"易碎的"; handy意为"方便的"。
3.主旨大意题。第三段主要介绍了电子鼻可以同时检测到多种化合物极其轻微的气味, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs."可知, 斯蒂芬 泰勒认为电子鼻可以配合狗进行工作, 故选A项。
D.答案：1-4.BDAD
解析：语篇解读:本文是一篇研究报告。在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶含有大量的褪黑激素,能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知饮用夜间取的牛奶的老鼠比饮用白天取的牛奶的老鼠不那么活跃、不那么焦虑。故选B项。
2.解析:细节理解题。根据第六段中的"taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night"可知褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。故选D项。
3.解析:主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,饮用在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。故选A项。
4.解析:篇章结构题。本文是通过提供研究结果来支持第一段所提出的中心论点。故选D项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ CDABE
解析：①下文对几种社交媒体进行了详细的介绍，所以这里应该进行一个总的介绍，C项“一般而言，有六种不同的社交媒体形式。”符合语境，故选C。
②根据下文中的“This site allows people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type.”可知这里的意思是“另外一种社交媒体是社交网站”，故选D。
③根据上文中的“Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers.”可知这里在谈论电脑游戏，A项“《魔兽世界》就是一个很好的例子。”符合语境，故选A。
④根据下文中的“It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post，for example.”可知这里指社交媒体的内容创作得很快，B项符合语境，所以选B。
⑤根据下文中的“But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.”可知这里在表达对社交媒体的看法,E项“有些人认为社交媒体是好的，有些人认为社交媒体是不好的。”符合语境，故选E。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BADAB; 6-10.CADBA; 11-15.BDCCA
解析：1.但是(but)他的妻子不愿意他离开她。前后句之间为转折关系,故选B。and和;but但是;or或者;so因此。
2.妻子不愿意他离开(leave)她。根据下句allowed her to go, too可知,选A。leave 离开;miss思念;marry结婚;care关心。
3.琼斯先生警告(warn)她:“天气非常炎热,我们将住在帐篷里,可能会非常危险。”丈夫警告妻子,非洲的生活非常简陋、不舒适,这是一种警告,故选D。inform 通知;advise建议;report报道;warn警告。
4.天气非常炎热,我们将住在帐篷里,可能(may)会非常危险。存在危险是一种可能,故选A。may或许;ought理应;can't不可能;shall应该。
5.所以他们买了一个大号的帐篷,野营床垫,还有很多其他东西,然后出发来到了非洲中部(centre)。根据文章首句中的make a trip into the middle of Africa可知,选B。south 南部;centre中部;east东部;west西部。
6.第一天早餐,在琼斯先生拿着相机离开帐篷之前(before),他给了妻子一个铃铛。铃铛是琼斯先生在离开之前交给妻子的。故选C。while在……的同时;until直到……; before在……之前;after在……之后。
7.他交给(give)妻子一个铃铛,还解释了理由。give 给;send寄送;lend借给;buy买。
8.如果你感到有危险(danger),就摇响铃铛。根据前文it may be dangerous可知,选D。hurry 匆忙;surprise惊讶;safety安全;danger危险。
9.“没什么(nothing),”他的妻子说,“我不过是试试这个铃铛。”根据only trying the bell 可知,没有发生什么,故选B。something某事;nothing没事;no不;none一个也没有。
10.琼斯先生离开了,但是过了一会儿,铃声又(again)响了。这是铃声第二次响起,因此选A。again又,再;once一次;across跨过;away离开。
11.对不起(sorry),“我”在帐篷里打扫卫生,不小心打翻了铃铛。妻子不小心弄响铃铛,感到愧疚,故选B。happy高兴的;sorry抱歉的;tired劳累的;right正确的。
12.妻子不小心(by mistake)打翻了铃铛。根据cleaning our tent可知,妻子在打扫帐篷时打翻了铃铛,不是有意的,故选D。on purpose有意地;by design故意地;at last终于;by mistake无意地。
13.当他返回营地(camp)的时候,帐篷起火了。琼斯先生听到铃铛声后急忙返回营地,故选C。garden花园;house房屋;camp营地;office办公室。
14.这时琼斯夫人躺在地上,血从肩头上的伤口流下来。with复合结构表示伴随。in 在……里面;on在……上面;with在……情况下;for为了。
15.这一次铃铛的使用方法是对(correctly)的。琼斯先生说遇到危险的时候摇响铃铛,所以他认为这一次使用铃铛是正确的。correctly正确地;quickly快速地;crazily疯狂地;anxiously焦急地。
第二节
答案：1. dates
2. was built
3. was built
4. have been made
5. have been connected
6. is needed
7. have always been designed
8. develops
9. will take
10. will be put
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
To find out whether the temperature changes while ice is melting into water, we need to conduct an experiment in physics. When preparing for the experiment, we should get ice, hot water, a big beaker, a small beaker and a thermometer ready.
First put some hot water in a big beaker. Next put a small beaker filled with ice into the hot water and then put a thermometer into the ice. After that, observe the ice temperature when the ice begins to melt, and make a note of it. At the same time, observe the changes in the ice's temperature while it's melting. When all ice has melted into water, the temperature remains the same.
To conclude, ice begins to melt when it is zero degree centigrade and the temperature doesn't change until it melts completely.
第二节
答案：
Paragraph1:
After the other students had left, Mrs. Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home. It was raining, and she knew I had a long walk. We pulled up at my house and she got out, taking out a few bags on the porch.【高分句型一】 "Tell your mom I had a few extra things she might want," she said. Then she drove away. Inside the bags were clothes, toys, and books. That summer, Mrs. Caruso invited us all to her home. She gave us lemonade and sugar cookies, and we were amazed at the fancy fruits in her backyard.(老师帮助作者及家人)
Paragraph2:
I don't know why Mrs. Caruso helped my family. Maybe she also grew up in a family that struggled. Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little less than everyone else.【高分句型二】Somehow, even with her quiet char-ity, she never made me feel ashamed. She just made me feel loved and important. Thanks to her, I learned that I had just as much night as anyone to sit at the hot-lunch table. I don't remember what Mrs. Caruso looked like anymore, but I do remember how she made me feel. I've never lost that feeling of being important to someone and being protected by her. After all these years, I'm still grateful to that wonderful teacher.(作者被老师帮助的感受)
2021-2022学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修三单元测试AB卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub(冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a 2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, "I feel I've done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize."
Lene Hau
Hau is best-known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Hau's year
Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu's "Wu experiment" helped disprove the "law of conservation of parity". Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
1.When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel
A.In 1944. B.In 1967. C.In 1974. D.In 1980.
2.Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel Prize later according to the text
A.Donna Strickland. B.Jocelyn Bell Burnell.
C.Lene Hau. D.Vera Rubin.
3.What do we know about the five females
A.The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry.
B.Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry.
C.Lise Meitner's teacher won a Nobel Prize for her work.
D.The five female scientists haven't been awarded Nobel Prize.
B
If you have a bad habit of losing things, a new device that can be connected to any item that you might lose may be the way to solve your problem. The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range. If the item goes out of your phone's 150-foot range, it can still be detected on other smart phones with the same app.
When you log into the app on your phone, it shows you, with green bars that increase or decrease, how far away you are from the Tile. You can also program it to make a sound when you get close to the Tile. And you can link up your phone with up to ten Tiles. And if your lost item — a dog, for example, or a stolen bike — goes out of your own phone's 150-foot Bluetooth range, you can set it as a "lost item". If any of the phones with the Tile app comes within the range of your lost item, a message will be sent to your own phone, reminding you of its position. The Tile app also has the function to remember where it last saw your Tile, so that you can easily find where you left it.
Since the Tiles use Bluetooth rather than GPS, they never run out of battery or need to be charged, and they last for one year before needing to be replaced.
1.The Tile app can help you _________.
A.find your missing items B.use your phone more wisely
C.save your phone's battery power D.connect something to your phone
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A.The Tile needs to be charged after a year of use.
B.One smart phone can only be linked up to one Tile.
C.The Tile cannot work when linked up to a phone without Bluetooth.
D.A missing item can't be found if it goes out of the needed range.
3.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us
A.What the Tile app is. B.How the Tile app works.
C.The advantages of the Tile app. D.Why the Tile app was invented.
4.Where does this passage probably come from
A.A science fiction novel. B.An advertisement.
C.A personal diary. D.A news report.
C
Dogs are our best friends. That's especially true after a disaster, such as an earthquake. When buildings fall down, search-and-rescue dogs help find trapped people. Dogs' amazing noses can pick up the smell of survivors. Now scientists have developed an electronic tool that does the same thing. It's taking smell detection(探测) to a whole new level.
The new invention is a sort of electronic nose, which can detect extremely low levels of many compounds(化合物) from people's skin. This isn't the first time engineers have developed such an object. Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive. They could not detect low levels of target compounds either. The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.
The electronic nose can detect extremely slight smell of more than one compound at the same time. "Being able to do this, in such a small object, is the significant discovery," says Sotiris E. Pratsinis, Professor of Process Engineering and Materials Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His team tested it in special spaces. They were like the small spaces where people might be trapped. Chemicals given off by the volunteers built up inside. The electronic equipment detected those compounds at unbelievably low levels.
The results were good news for the research team. But they may be not for our four-legged friends, who could soon be out of a job. "Ideally, this technology could replace search-and-rescue dogs," Pratsinis says.
Stephen Taylor, an electrical engineer, agrees that the new technology has some benefits over dogs. Still, he thinks it may be too soon to have our trusty friends retire. He suspects, "I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs." Taylor also points out some potential limitations of the new invention. "E-noses are useful, but can be very likely to be affected by unstable readings and interruption," he says.
1.Why does the author talk about dogs at the beginning
A.To catch the readers' attention. B.To introduce the topic about e-noses.
C.To show what search-and-rescue dogs do. D.To add background information for discussion.
2.Which of the following best explains "bulky" underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Complex. B.Fragile. C.Handy. D.Large.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.What e-noses' working principle is.
B.How e-noses are made.
C.What differences between dogs and e-noses are.
D.How powerful e-noses are.
4.What does Stephen Taylor mean
A.Dogs and e-noses could work together. B.Search-and-rescue dogs will retire soon.
C.E-noses are more reliable than noses of dogs. D.Dogs are better at finding out trapped people.
D
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that "night milk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows' milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk _________.
A.started sleep more easily B.were more anxious
C.were less active D.woke up later
2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text
A.It's been tested on mice for ten times. B.It can make people more energetic.
C.It exists in milk in great amount. D.It's used in sleeping drugs.
3.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Night Milk and Sleep B.Fat, Sugar and Health
C.An Experiment on Mice D.Milk Drinking and Health
4.How does the author support the theme of the text
A.By giving examples. B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data. D.By providing research results.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Social Media
Social media can be defined as web-based and mobile media that are used for people to interact, connect and communicate with each other. It often involves the creation and sharing of content (writings, pictures and videos) that people make themselves, mostly through the Internet.
①_____ The first type involves people getting together to work on a project, for example, Wikipedia. Blogs and microblogs (such as Twitter) are another type of social media. There are other websites like YouTube that allow people to share content such as pictures, articles or videos. ②_____ This site allows people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type. Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers. ③_____ The final type of social media is websites like Second Life, where people can create avatars(化身) and use and create objects, as if they were in the real world.
Social media is different from traditional media. With social media, many individual people create content.
Another difference is that people who produce content in social media don't need very special skills. ④_____ It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post, for example. ⑤_____ But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.
A. World of Warcraft is a good example.
B. And social media content can be produced much faster.
C. In general, there are six different types of social media.
D. Another type of social media is the social networking site.
E. Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.
F. In traditional media, people need special skills to produce something.
G. Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in today's world.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
Mr. Jones had always wanted to make a trip into the middle of Africa to photograph wild animals. 1 his wife had not wanted him to 2 her. At last his wife agreed to the trip if he allowed her to go, too.
Mr. Jones 3 her, "It will be very hot and we shall live in a tent and it 4 be dangerous."
"I don't care," said his wife. So they bought a big tent, camp beds and many other things, and went off to the 5 of Africa.
The first morning, 6 Mr. Jones took his camera and left the tent, he 7 his wife a bell and explained to her, "If you feel in 8 , ring this bell."
After a while, he heard the bell and came back quickly. "What's the matter " he asked. " 9 ," said his wife, "I was only trying the bell."
Mr. Jones went off, but after a while, the bell rang 10 . Mr. Jones hurried back to the tent, but his wife said, "I'm 11 but I was cleaning our tent, and I knocked the bell over 12 ."
Mr. Jones returned to his photographing(拍摄) but soon he heard the bell. When he got back to his 13 , the tent was burning and Mrs. Jones was lying on the ground, 14 blood running from a big cut on her shoulder, "That's better!" said Mr. Jones. "This time the bell has been used 15 !"
1.A.And B.But C.Or D.So
2.A.leave B.miss C.marry D.care
3.A.informed B.advised C.reported D.warned
4.A.may B.ought C.can't D.shall
5.A.south B.centre C.east D.west
6.A.while B.until C.before D.after
7.A.gave B.sent C.lent D.bought
8.A.hurry B.surprise C.safety D.danger
9.A.Something B.Nothing C.No D.None
10.A.again B.once C.across D.away
11.A.happy B.sorry C.tired D.right
12.A.on purpose B.by design C.at last D.by mistake
13.A.garden B.house C.camp D.office
14.A.in B.on C.with D.for
15.A.correctly B.quickly C.crazily D.anxiously
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The history of computer ①________(date) back to 1642 in France. At first, it ②________ (build) only as a calculating machine, and later as an analytical machine that could "think" logically and produce an answer which was quicker than any person. Still later, the "universal machine" ③________ (build) in order to solve mathematical problems, which made computer huge! As the years have gone by, computers ④________ (make) smaller, quicker and cleverer. Up till now, computers ⑤________ (connect) by network and are able to help people deal with the information which ⑥________ (need) and help communication be tween people around the world. Since its birth, computers ⑦________ (always design) to serve the human race. As AI technology ⑧________ (develop) quicker and quicker, greater changes ⑨________ (take) place. Much more practical use ⑩________ (put) into human daily life.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
请根据下面的内容提示,用英语写一篇物理实验报告。
实验目的 证明冰在融化的过程中温度不变。
实验用品 冰块,大、小烧杯,温度计,热水。
实验步骤 1. 在一个大烧杯中倒入热水; 2. 把装有冰块的小烧杯放入热水中,在冰块中插入温度计; 3. 观察冰块的温度变化,注意冰开始融化时的温度; 4. 观察冰融化为水的过程中的温度变化。
实验结果 冰全部融化为水的过程中温度不变。
实验结论 冰在零摄氏度时才开始融化。融化过程中温度不变。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 参考词汇:烧杯beaker 温度计thermometer
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I grew up in a large family of twelve siblings(兄弟姐妹).We weren't poor by most standards, but things were definitely tight for us. My parents never shared their financial worries. Instead, they chose to let us have a carefree childhood. But despite their consideration, I knew, as children often do, that there were times they went without and that certain things my friends had wouldn't be available to me.
Back in those days, hot lunch was a luxury for the wealthier kids, and hot-lunch buyers sat separately from the students who brought cold lunch. My siblings and I brought lunch from home every day: thick slices of homemade bread hiding one scant slice of bologna, three oatmeal cookies, and a small apple. We would look on longingly as the rich kids proudly sat down with their steaming plates of fried chicken or fish sticks and potato puffs, cartons of cold milk, chilled peaches and a slice of cake.
I never said anything, but my first grade teacher, Mrs. Caruso, must have seen the desire in my eyes. One day she quietly pressed a note into my hand and whispered, "Give this to your mother." I skipped home and gave my mom the note. She read it and smiled. "Well, Mrs. Caruso said because of all your hard work, she wants to buy your lunch tomorrow." The next day, I proudly carried my tray of chicken fricassee across the cafeteria and took my seat at the hot-lunch table. Honestly, the food wasn't as great as I had imagined, but I was pleased to be there and felt honored to be a part of the group.
One rainy day, Mrs. Caruso asked me to stay after school. My stomach instantly dropped to the floor. Surely, I must be in trouble! Did she know I hadn't finished my math sheet Did she see me teasing Billy on the playground
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After the other students had left, Mrs, Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I don't know why Mrs. Caruso helped my family.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3 CCD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据Jocelyn Bell Burnell段落中的then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, 可知第一个射电脉冲星(radio pulsars)在1967年被发现, 它的发现被授予诺贝尔奖是在1974年。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据Lene Hau段落中的Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, 可知莱娜 豪经常位居诺贝尔奖预测名单榜首, 她最有可能获诺贝尔奖。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段总述中It's the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long We look at five other pioneering female physicists—past and present—who actually deserve the prize.可知唐娜 斯特里克兰是五十五年来第一个获诺贝尔物理学奖的女性, 而文中介绍的五位女科学家都应该获得这个奖, 但由于各种原因未能获奖。故选D项。
B.答案：1-4.ACBD
解析：语篇解读:这是一篇介绍一种新型的可以找回自己丢失的东西的产品的文章。主要介绍了这种产品的功能、用法以及投放市场的远景等。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range.”可知The Tile 是一种通过蓝牙与你的iPhone或iPad连接起来的设备,让你看到你与你丢失的东西有多近。故选择A项。
2.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range.”可知这种设备如果没有蓝牙就没法工作。故选C项。
3.解析:主旨大意题。 通读文章第二段,并根据该段的关键词program, link up等可以判断该段主要介绍如何使用这种产品。故选B项。
4.解析:推理判断题。 通读全文,并根据文章的最后一段推断可知,该文章应该是源自新闻报道。故选D项。
C.答案：1-4 BDDA
解析：1.推理判断题。第一段中, 作者先介绍了狗的鼻子有很多用途, 然后介绍科学家现在发明了可以做同样事情的电子鼻。由此可以推断, 先提及狗是为了引出电子鼻的话题, 故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive...The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.可知, 早期的电子鼻比较昂贵且"bulky", 新型的电子鼻则体积小巧, 可放入手持设备内, 新旧形成对比, 由此猜测bulky是"庞大"的意思, 故选D项。complex意为"复杂的"; fragile意为"易碎的"; handy意为"方便的"。
3.主旨大意题。第三段主要介绍了电子鼻可以同时检测到多种化合物极其轻微的气味, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs."可知, 斯蒂芬 泰勒认为电子鼻可以配合狗进行工作, 故选A项。
D.答案：1-4.BDAD
解析：语篇解读:本文是一篇研究报告。在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶含有大量的褪黑激素,能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知饮用夜间取的牛奶的老鼠比饮用白天取的牛奶的老鼠不那么活跃、不那么焦虑。故选B项。
2.解析:细节理解题。根据第六段中的"taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night"可知褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。故选D项。
3.解析:主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,饮用在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。故选A项。
4.解析:篇章结构题。本文是通过提供研究结果来支持第一段所提出的中心论点。故选D项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ CDABE
解析：①下文对几种社交媒体进行了详细的介绍，所以这里应该进行一个总的介绍，C项“一般而言，有六种不同的社交媒体形式。”符合语境，故选C。
②根据下文中的“This site allows people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type.”可知这里的意思是“另外一种社交媒体是社交网站”，故选D。
③根据上文中的“Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers.”可知这里在谈论电脑游戏，A项“《魔兽世界》就是一个很好的例子。”符合语境，故选A。
④根据下文中的“It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post，for example.”可知这里指社交媒体的内容创作得很快，B项符合语境，所以选B。
⑤根据下文中的“But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.”可知这里在表达对社交媒体的看法,E项“有些人认为社交媒体是好的，有些人认为社交媒体是不好的。”符合语境，故选E。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BADAB; 6-10.CADBA; 11-15.BDCCA
解析：1.但是(but)他的妻子不愿意他离开她。前后句之间为转折关系,故选B。and和;but但是;or或者;so因此。
2.妻子不愿意他离开(leave)她。根据下句allowed her to go, too可知,选A。leave 离开;miss思念;marry结婚;care关心。
3.琼斯先生警告(warn)她:“天气非常炎热,我们将住在帐篷里,可能会非常危险。”丈夫警告妻子,非洲的生活非常简陋、不舒适,这是一种警告,故选D。inform 通知;advise建议;report报道;warn警告。
4.天气非常炎热,我们将住在帐篷里,可能(may)会非常危险。存在危险是一种可能,故选A。may或许;ought理应;can't不可能;shall应该。
5.所以他们买了一个大号的帐篷,野营床垫,还有很多其他东西,然后出发来到了非洲中部(centre)。根据文章首句中的make a trip into the middle of Africa可知,选B。south 南部;centre中部;east东部;west西部。
6.第一天早餐,在琼斯先生拿着相机离开帐篷之前(before),他给了妻子一个铃铛。铃铛是琼斯先生在离开之前交给妻子的。故选C。while在……的同时;until直到……; before在……之前;after在……之后。
7.他交给(give)妻子一个铃铛,还解释了理由。give 给;send寄送;lend借给;buy买。
8.如果你感到有危险(danger),就摇响铃铛。根据前文it may be dangerous可知,选D。hurry 匆忙;surprise惊讶;safety安全;danger危险。
9.“没什么(nothing),”他的妻子说,“我不过是试试这个铃铛。”根据only trying the bell 可知,没有发生什么,故选B。something某事;nothing没事;no不;none一个也没有。
10.琼斯先生离开了,但是过了一会儿,铃声又(again)响了。这是铃声第二次响起,因此选A。again又,再;once一次;across跨过;away离开。
11.对不起(sorry),“我”在帐篷里打扫卫生,不小心打翻了铃铛。妻子不小心弄响铃铛,感到愧疚,故选B。happy高兴的;sorry抱歉的;tired劳累的;right正确的。
12.妻子不小心(by mistake)打翻了铃铛。根据cleaning our tent可知,妻子在打扫帐篷时打翻了铃铛,不是有意的,故选D。on purpose有意地;by design故意地;at last终于;by mistake无意地。
13.当他返回营地(camp)的时候,帐篷起火了。琼斯先生听到铃铛声后急忙返回营地,故选C。garden花园;house房屋;camp营地;office办公室。
14.这时琼斯夫人躺在地上,血从肩头上的伤口流下来。with复合结构表示伴随。in 在……里面;on在……上面;with在……情况下;for为了。
15.这一次铃铛的使用方法是对(correctly)的。琼斯先生说遇到危险的时候摇响铃铛,所以他认为这一次使用铃铛是正确的。correctly正确地;quickly快速地;crazily疯狂地;anxiously焦急地。
第二节
答案：1. dates
2. was built
3. was built
4. have been made
5. have been connected
6. is needed
7. have always been designed
8. develops
9. will take
10. will be put
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
To find out whether the temperature changes while ice is melting into water, we need to conduct an experiment in physics. When preparing for the experiment, we should get ice, hot water, a big beaker, a small beaker and a thermometer ready.
First put some hot water in a big beaker. Next put a small beaker filled with ice into the hot water and then put a thermometer into the ice. After that, observe the ice temperature when the ice begins to melt, and make a note of it. At the same time, observe the changes in the ice's temperature while it's melting. When all ice has melted into water, the temperature remains the same.
To conclude, ice begins to melt when it is zero degree centigrade and the temperature doesn't change until it melts completely.
第二节
答案：
Paragraph1:
After the other students had left, Mrs. Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home. It was raining, and she knew I had a long walk. We pulled up at my house and she got out, taking out a few bags on the porch.【高分句型一】 "Tell your mom I had a few extra things she might want," she said. Then she drove away. Inside the bags were clothes, toys, and books. That summer, Mrs. Caruso invited us all to her home. She gave us lemonade and sugar cookies, and we were amazed at the fancy fruits in her backyard.(老师帮助作者及家人)
Paragraph2:
I don't know why Mrs. Caruso helped my family. Maybe she also grew up in a family that struggled. Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little less than everyone else.【高分句型二】Somehow, even with her quiet char-ity, she never made me feel ashamed. She just made me feel loved and important. Thanks to her, I learned that I had just as much night as anyone to sit at the hot-lunch table. I don't remember what Mrs. Caruso looked like anymore, but I do remember how she made me feel. I've never lost that feeling of being important to someone and being protected by her. After all these years, I'm still grateful to that wonderful teacher.(作者被老师帮助的感受)