外研版（2019）必修第三册：Unit3 The World of ScienceB卷能力提升（含答案）
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Unit 3 The World of Science B卷 能力提升
2021-2022学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修三单元测试AB卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteering abroad is a great way to help others, improve your skills and become a more confident, independent person. If you are interested in volunteering abroad, here are some places to go.
Australia
If you seek a life on the beach, in a great climate with friendly people, Australia might be your best bet. With thousands of volunteers already signing up to leave for Australia during the holidays, it will be a very popular option.
Brazil
This vast country has some great opportunities on offer and is especially popular this year. A lot of volunteer work is available in Brazil centers on conservation and ecological projects. With the world’s largest rainforest in Brazil, of which huge part is in danger, there are lots of different jobs you can do.
Kenya
Kenya is the destination for those seeking an African experience. Generally volunteers in Kenya work in orphanages(孤儿院) or with local children living in slums(贫民窟).There is a great demand for volunteers in Africa because many people live in poverty, so if you truly feel like making a difference to a community, Kenya should be at the top of your list.
Costa Rica
Golden sandy beaches, clear coastlines and beautiful cities are what Costa Rica is all about. Because of its small size, you can see a lot of the country in just a short time. You can really make the most of your time as a volunteer. A lot of work is needed with wildlife and ecological work, so if you want to look after turtles on the beach, Costa Rica could be just the place for you.
1.If you are interested in protecting the environment,you will probably go to _____.
A.Australia B.Kenya C.Brazil D.Costa Rica
2.It can be inferred from the passage that volunteers in Kenya mainly work with _____.
A.animals B.plants C.the elderly D.children
3.If you choose to go to Costa Rica, you are supposed to _____.
A.work with animals on the beach B.surf with children in the water
C.take care of trees in the forests D.look after children who have lost their parents
B
The "24 solar terms" (节气) originated and was first used in China. It was created thousands of years ago on the basis of practical needs of agricultural. Ancient Chinese people used it to guide agricultural production, explain special climate signs and even come up with healthy living tips. Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCO's world cultural heritage list. Now, it has been brought to life thanks to a creative designer from Southwest China's Guizhou Province.
On the eve of this year's Qingming Festival, Shi Changhong released (发布) his version of reproduced and packaged characters for each solar term in the form of "moving art" of gifs. Since their first release on Zcool on March 29, the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period.
To maximize publicity, Shi released his work in three forms: the video, the animation and pictures. The background sounds add to the brilliance.
"When I watch the short video, I can strongly feel the Chinese-style elements hidden in it. And it is really cool to liven up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way." WeChat user Xiao Feifei said.
"It is really a comfort to me to see so many people like my latest work. To be honest, it would really surprise me if the work had not aroused great interest among Chinese people. The 24 solar terms is a deeply rooted concept that covers the essence of Chinese wisdom. However, only a small portion of people know all the names or the correct order of those terms. My intention is to increase Chinese people's self-awareness to learn more about our traditional fine culture. Actually, the 24 solar terms work is only a part of my whole design program 'Charm China', which I started a year ago." Shi told China Daily.
1. Which part of the newspaper does the text probably belong to
A. Travel. B. Culture. C. Agriculture. D. Education.
2. What do you think the underlined word "Zcool" refers to
A. Newspaper. B. Magazine.
C. Radio broadcast. D. Website.
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text
A. The background sounds of the work make the video more attractive.
B. It really surprised Shi Changhong to see so many people like his latest work.
C. Most old people know all the names or the correct order of the 24 solar terms.
D. The 24 solar terms work designed by Shi Changhong was added to UNESCO's heritage list.
4. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To introduce a creative designer.
B. To introduce the 24 solar terms work.
C. To introduce the origin of the 24 solar terms.
D. To introduce a design program "Charm China".
C
Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life. In 1842, Darwin and his wife Emma moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance(烦扰) as possible. They already had two children then, and would go on to have eight more in the country.
Darwin, had very regular habits. He rose early and went for a walk. After breakfast he worked in his study until 9:30 am, his most productive time of the day, and then read his letters lying on the sofa before returning to work.
At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to check his experiments. Then he would go for another walk around an area of woodland. While walking on his "thinking path", Darwin would consider his unsolved scientific problems.
After lunch he read the newspaper and wrote letters. His network of friends provided information from all comers of the world.
The Darwins were not very strict parents and the children were always seen running wild. Their father worked patiently with a background of happy shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door.
After dinner Darwin played backgammon (a game for two people to play) with his wife. He once wrote, "Now the result with my wife in backgammon stands like this: she has won only 2,490 games, while I have won, hurrah(a cheer of joy or victory), hurrah, 2,795 games!"
Although he had poor health, Darwin continued to publish a lot of creative works until his final book in 1881. He died the following year, aged 73.
Rather than a quiet space in the local churchyard, which he called "the sweetest place on Earth", Darwin was given a state funeral(国葬) in London's Westminster Abbey.
1. Why did the Darwins move to Kent
A. To do more experiments. B. To cut their cost of living.
C. To enjoy more peacefulness. D. To be together with their children.
2. What did Darwin do every day
A. He studied in the forest. B. He started to work at 9:30 am.
C. He wrote letters in the morning. D. He examined his experiments.
3. What did Darwin's children probably think of him
A. Strict. B. Kind. C. Cold. D. Brave.
4. What is this text mainly about
A. Darwin's scientific achievements. B. Darwin's unusual state funeral.
C. Darwin's personal life. D. Darwin's large family.
D
How fit are your teeth Are you lazy about brushing them Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don't forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure you're brushing long enough. "It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis," says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun," Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said "yes", but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $ 99 to $ 199, depending on features. The US is the first target market.
Serval says that one day, it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.
1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush
A.It can sense how users brush their teeth. B.It can track users,' school performance.
C.It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist. D.It can help users find their phones.
2.What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3
A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.
C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
D.You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun
A.It can be used to update mobile phones. B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.
C.It can send messages to other users. D.It can talk to its developers.
4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.
B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.
C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.
D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The Free Dictionary defines(定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. ①____________ Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity.
②____________ Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things worked. If a scientist doesn't have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/ she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
③____________ There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification (及时满足的) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的)qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect each other in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial (商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted(反驳)by evidence is dishonest. ④____________
Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. ⑤____________ He/ She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/ her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/ she may discover something new.
A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
E. He/ She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed.
F. To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.
G. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, "Are all people the same even if they are different in color "
I thought for a minute, and then said, "I'll explain, if you can just wait until we make a quick 1 at the grocery store. I have something interesting to show you."
At the grocery store, we 2 some apples—red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Adam, "It's time to 3 your question." I put one apple of each 4 on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a 5 look on his face.
"People are like apples. They come in all 6 colors, shapes and sizes. On the 7 , some of the apples may not even look as delicious as the others." As I was talking, Adam was 8 each one carefully.
Then, I took each of the apples and peeled(削皮) them, 9 them back on the table, but 10 a different place.
"Okay, Adam, tell me which is which."
He said, "I can't tell. They all look the same now." "Take a 11 of each one. See if that helps you 12 which one is which."
He took big bites, and then a huge smile came across his face. "People are 13 like apples! They are all different, but once you 14 the outside, they're pretty much the same on the inside."
He totally 15 it. I didn't need to say or do anything else.
1. A. stop B. start C. turn D. stay
2. A. bought B. counted C. saw D. collected
3. A. check B. mention C. answer D. improve
4. A. size B. type C. shape D. class
5. A. worried B. satisfied C. proud D. curious
6. A. ordinary B. normal C. different D. regular
7. A. outside B. whole C. table D. inside
8. A. examining B. measuring C. drawing D. packing
9. A. keeping B. placing C. pulling D. giving
10. A. on B. toward C. for D. in
11. A. breath B. bite C. look D. care
12. A. admit B. consider C. decide D. believe
13. A. just B. always C. merely D. seldom
14. A. put away B. get down C. hand out D. take off
15. A. made B. took C. got D. did
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research suggests that Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning may be fiction instead ①______ fact.
During a storm in 1752, Franklin raised a kite with a piece of string ②______ (tie) to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity ③______ (conduct) through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
For many years, schools ④______ (teach) the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. ⑤______, neither the story nor the details of the experiment ⑥______ (be) entirely true. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had ⑦______ (actual) touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple ⑧______ fell on Newton's head and led him ⑨______ (come) up with his theory of gravity.
Admittedly, fiction is often ⑩______ (interesting) than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
今天你们在化学课上做了一个实验,请你用英语写一份80 词左右的实验报告。内容如下:
实验目的:检验铝在空气中加热后,重量是否会发生变化。
实验器材:铝片、本生灯(Bunsen burner)、天平(balance)、 坩埚(crucible),坩埚钳(tongs)
实验步骤:
第一步:把铝片放在坩埚中,然后放在天平上称重。
第二步:点燃本生灯,将盛有铝片的坩埚移到火焰上加热。
第三步:再称坩埚和铝片的重量。
实验结果:比加热前略重一些。
实验结论:铝在空气中加热后,重量会发生变化。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little boy and his grandmother came to see Santa at the Mayfair Mall in Wisconsin. The child climbed up on Santa Claus's lap holding a picture of a little girl.
"Who is this " asked Santa, smiling. "Your friend Your sister "
"Yes, Santa," he replied.
"My sister, Sarah, who is very sick," the boy said sadly.
Santa glanced at the grandmother who was waiting nearby and saw her wiping her eyes with a tissue.
"She wanted to come with me to see you very much, Santa!" the child shouted.
"She misses you," he added softly.
Santa tried to cheer the boy up, asking him what he wanted Santa to bring him for Christmas.
When they finished their talk, the grandmother came over to help the child get off Santa Claus's lap, and started to say something to Santa, but halted (停顿).
"What is it " Santa asked warmly.
"Well, I know it's really too much to ask you, Santa, but... the girl in the photograph is my granddaughter. You see", she has leukemia(白血病) and isn't expected to make it even through the holiday," she said with tear-filled eyes. "Is there any way, Santa, any possible way that you could come to see Sarah "
All she had asked for, for Christmas, was to see Santa.
Santa blinked, swallowed hard and told the woman to leave information with his elves(小精灵) as to where Sarah was, saying he would see what he could do. Santa thought of nothing else for the rest of that afternoon. "What if it were my child lying in that hospital bed, dying " he thought with a sinking heart.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Santa knew what he had to do. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
One year later at the Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa's lap and said, "Hi, Santa! Remember me " _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3CDA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据"With the world's largest rainforest in Brazil, of which huge part is in danger, there are lots of different jobs you can do"可知巴西的热带雨林正受到威胁,所以你如果对环境保护有兴趣就去巴西吧!所以C选项是正确的。
2.细节理解题。根据"Generally volunteers in Kenya work in orphanages(孤儿院) or with local children living in slums(贫民窟)"可知在肯尼亚,志愿者主要是照顾孩子。所以D选项是正确的。
3.细节理解题。根据"A lot of work is needed with wildlife and ecological work, so if you want to look after turtles on the beach, Costa Rica could be just the place for you"可知在哥斯达黎加你可以照顾海龟所以A选项是正确的。
B.答案：1-4 BDAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCO's world cultural heritage list.(去年,二十四节气被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录)以及第四段中And it is really cool to liven up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way.(以这样独特的方式活跃中国传统文化真的很酷)可知,这篇文章属于报纸中的"文化"栏目,故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据下文中the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period的millions of hits可知,点击量达到数百万次,所以Zcool应该是一个网站,故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段首句可知,石昌鸿看到许多人喜欢他最近的作品感到很欣慰,而不是惊讶,因此B项错误;根据 only a small portion of people know all the names or the correct order of those terms可知,为数不多的人知道二十四节气的正确顺序,因此C项错误;根据文章信息, 收入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录的是二十四节气,而不是石昌鸿的艺术设计,因此D项错误。根据“The background sounds add to the brilliance.” 可知,背景声增加了文字的光彩,即背景声使二十四节气的视频更具有吸引力, 因此A项的表述是正确的。
4.推理判断题。文章介绍了一位创意设计师以动图的形式宣传中国的二十四节气,故选B项。
C.答案：1-4 CDBC
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段中的“moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance(烦扰） as possible”可知,达尔文夫妇搬家是为了免受外界的打扰,以享受更多的宁静,故选C。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的“At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to check his experiments.”可知,达尔文每天都会去查看实验的进展情况。故选D。
3.推理判断题。由第五段中的“Their father worked patiently with a background of happy shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door.”可推知,在孩子们眼里,父亲达尔文应该很和蔼。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据首段第一句即文章主旨句“Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life.”可知,本文描写了英国著名科学家达尔文的宁静的个人生活。故选C。
D.答案：1-4.ACBD
解析：语篇解读:本文介绍了一款新型牙刷Kolibree的功能以及发明者Serval发明这款产品的原因和目的。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中"An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone."可知这种电子牙刷能够感知到你刷牙用了多长时间,刷的有多么好。故A项正确。
2.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中"It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis," says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.可知使用这款牙刷就像是有一名牙医在观察你刷牙。故C项说法正确。
3.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第四段中"You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun,' Serval says."可知这款牙刷还能用来玩游戏,这就更增加了它的趣味性。故B项正确。
4.解析:段落大意题。本段主要是叙述Serval发明这一物品的原因。根据第一句"Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father."可知他是为了监督孩子更好地刷牙才发明了这一产品。故D项正确。
第二节
答案：CBADE
解析：①空格前指出科学家被定义为对一门或多门学科有专业知识的人,尤其是自然科学或物理科学,由此可知,此处讲的是对科学家这一名词的理解,C项提出,还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人,正好符合语境。
②根据这一段的小标题Curiosity.可知,科学家们具备的一个特征就是有好奇心,B项中的be very curious about things与之符合。
③根据小标题Patience.以及下文提到的几乎没有其他工作比这个更花费时间了可知,成为科学家需要很长一段时间,A项与之符合。
④空格上一句提到,坚持一个没有证据支撑的旧信念是不诚实的,此处提到了belief, D项指出,那个信念要是没有强有力的证据是不能被改变的,恰好是对上一句的补充说明。
⑤根据小标题Working habits.可知,下面一段主要谈到工作习惯。空格前提到他们会记笔记;空格后提到他们需要口头和书面地交流他们的想法。比较选项可知,E项中指出他/她可以一个人工作得很好,也可以在团队中工作得很好,这也是一种工作习惯,符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 AACBD 6-10 CAABD 11-15 BCADC
解析：1.根据下文可知回家路上作者和孩子在商店里买了一些苹果,所以是短暂的“停留”,去商店买苹果。
2.由grocery store可知此处选A。
3.由上文可知作者的儿子提出了一个问题,作者现在是在回答他的问题。所以选C。
4.根据上文some apples—red,green and yellow ones可知：这里是指作者从每种苹果里面拿一个放在桌子上,所以选B。
5.看到作者这样做,儿子很好奇。worried担心的, satisfied满意的, proud骄傲的, curious好奇的。所以选D。
6.指苹果和人一样,都有不同的颜色、外形和大小,所以选C。
7.这里是指在外形上,有些苹果可能看上去没有别的苹果可口,所以选A。
8.这里是指儿子正在仔细检查每个苹果。examine检查; measure衡量; draw画脚; pack收拾（行李）。所以选A。
9.作者把一些苹果削了皮以后,放在了不同的地方让儿子辨认,所以选B。
10.所填介词与后文的名词place构成短语,意思是“在……地方”,用in,所以选D。
11.根据后文He took big bites...可知答案为B。
12.这里是指咬一口能不能帮助你选定哪个是哪个。admit承认; consider考虑; decide选定; believe相信。所以选C。
13.just恰好; always总是; merely仅仅,常用于否定句中; seldom很少。此处指人就像苹果一样,表面不一样,一旦脱掉外衣,就基本上一样了,所以选A。
14.put away收好,存钱; get down写下,记下; hand out分发; take off起飞,脱掉,去掉。此处意思是“但是一旦去掉其外皮”,所以选D。
15.根据语境可知作者的儿子完全明白了这个道理。make it成功; get it明白了。所以选C。
第二节
答案：① of ② tied ③ was conducted ④ have taught ⑤ However ⑥ are ⑦ actually ⑧ that/ which ⑨ to come ⑩ more interesting
解析：①考查介词。句意：新的研究表明,本杰明 富兰克林著名的闪电实验可能是虚构的,而不是事实。instead of意为“而不是”,故本空应用介词of。
②考查过去分词。句意：1752年的一场暴风雨中,富兰克林放飞了一只风筝,上面绑着一根绳子。句中with a piece of string ②_____(tie) to it 为with复合结构,其中a piece of string和tie之间为被动关系,故此处应用过去分词。
③考查时态及语态。句意：一道闪电击中了风筝,电流通过绳子传到了钥匙上。根据前后句时态可知,本空应用一般过去时;且句子主语electricity和动词 conduct之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
④考查时态。句意：学校已经教了许多年富兰克林闪电实验的故事。根据for many years可知,本空应用现在完成时。
⑤考查转折副词。句意：然而,这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。根据本句及前句句意可知,前后语意为转折关系,故本空应用however“然而”。
⑥考查主谓一致。句意参考上题。本句主语为neither...nor...连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”,即和nor后的主语保持一致,故本空应用are。
⑦考查副词。句意：但科学家们都同意,如果富兰克林真的碰了钥匙,他肯定会死于电击。本空修饰动词touched,故应用副词 actually。
⑧考查定语从句。句意：有人甚至质疑砸在牛顿头上并导致他提出了万有引力理论的苹果的故事。所填词引导定语从句,修饰名词apple,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词that或which。
⑨考查不定式。句意参考上题。lead sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”,故本空应用不定式作宾补。
⑩考查形容词比较级。句意：诚然,虚构的事往往比真理更有趣。根据空后的than可知,本空应用形容词比较级。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Today, we carried out an experiment in chemistry class. We did the experiment with the purpose of discovering if there is a change in weight when aluminum is heated in air. To carry out the experiment, what we need are a piece of aluminum, a Bunsen burner, a balance, and a crucible. We did the experiment following the procedures below.
Well, first, we put a piece of aluminum in the crucible. Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it. Next, we lit the Bunsen burner. After that, we held the crucible over the flame. Lastly, we weighed the crucible with the piece of aluminum in it again, and found that the weight of the piece of aluminum did change.
From this experiment, we came to the conclusion that when aluminum is heated in air, there is a change in weight.
第二节
Paragraph 1:
Santa knew what he had to do. He drove to the hospital and found out which room Sarah was in. Taking a deep breath, and forcing a smile on his face, he entered the ward. "Santa Claus! Santa Claus!" screamed Sarah weakly. Santa rushed to give her a warm hug and a Christmas gift. "Now. Sarah." Santa said, "you have a job to do, and that is to get well. I expect to see you at the Mayfair Mall this time next year!" "Yes, Santa!" Sarah shouted, her eyes bright. Santa kissed her on the forehead and left.
Paragraph 2:
One year later at the Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa's lap and said, "Hi, Santa! Remember me " "Of course!" Santa answered (as he always does), smiling down at her. "You came to see me in the hospital last year!" Santa's jaw dropped. Tears immediately rolled down his cheeks. "Sarah!" he shouted and hugged her tightly. He hardly recognized her, for her hair was long and her cheeks were rosy, which were quite different from the girl he had visited a year before. He looked up and saw Sarah's grandmother smiling and wiping her eyes. That was the best ever Christmas for Santa Claus.
解析： 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述一个小男孩和他的祖母去威斯康星州的梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人,因为小男孩的妹妹Sarah生病了。Sarah特别想和圣诞老人见一面,于是他的祖母请求圣诞老人帮忙去见一下Sarah。圣诞老人同意了,并且真的去医院看了Sarah并鼓励她快点康复,希望明年在梅菲尔购物中心能再次见到Sarah。一年后,Sarah真的去梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人,让圣诞老人非常感动,这也成为这个圣诞节圣诞老人收到的最好的礼物。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“圣诞老人知道他该怎么做。”可知,第一段可描写圣诞老人去医院看Sarah, Sarah很开心,圣诞老人鼓励Sarah快点康复,希望下一个圣诞节在梅菲尔购物中心看到她。
②由第二段首句内容“一年后,在梅菲尔购物中心,一个小女孩走过来坐在圣诞老人的腿上说,“嗨,圣诞老人！还记得我吗？”可知,第二段可描写Sarah真的去梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人,这让圣诞老人非常激动。
2续写线索：开车一找到一进入房间—冲过去—拥抱一非常惊讶一涌出泪水
3.词汇激活
行为类
开车：drive to//drive a car/drive off
找到：find/find out/seek out
进入房间：enter the room/come into the room/get into the room
冲过去：rush to/run to
拥抱：hug/embrace/hold in one's arms
情绪类
非常惊讶：jaw dropped/surprised/amazed/surprisingly
涌出泪水：Tears spring into his eyes/burst into tears
2021-2022学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修三单元测试AB卷
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）
（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteering abroad is a great way to help others, improve your skills and become a more confident, independent person. If you are interested in volunteering abroad, here are some places to go.
Australia
If you seek a life on the beach, in a great climate with friendly people, Australia might be your best bet. With thousands of volunteers already signing up to leave for Australia during the holidays, it will be a very popular option.
Brazil
This vast country has some great opportunities on offer and is especially popular this year. A lot of volunteer work is available in Brazil centers on conservation and ecological projects. With the world’s largest rainforest in Brazil, of which huge part is in danger, there are lots of different jobs you can do.
Kenya
Kenya is the destination for those seeking an African experience. Generally volunteers in Kenya work in orphanages(孤儿院) or with local children living in slums(贫民窟).There is a great demand for volunteers in Africa because many people live in poverty, so if you truly feel like making a difference to a community, Kenya should be at the top of your list.
Costa Rica
Golden sandy beaches, clear coastlines and beautiful cities are what Costa Rica is all about. Because of its small size, you can see a lot of the country in just a short time. You can really make the most of your time as a volunteer. A lot of work is needed with wildlife and ecological work, so if you want to look after turtles on the beach, Costa Rica could be just the place for you.
1.If you are interested in protecting the environment,you will probably go to _____.
A.Australia B.Kenya C.Brazil D.Costa Rica
2.It can be inferred from the passage that volunteers in Kenya mainly work with _____.
A.animals B.plants C.the elderly D.children
3.If you choose to go to Costa Rica, you are supposed to _____.
A.work with animals on the beach B.surf with children in the water
C.take care of trees in the forests D.look after children who have lost their parents
B
The "24 solar terms" (节气) originated and was first used in China. It was created thousands of years ago on the basis of practical needs of agricultural. Ancient Chinese people used it to guide agricultural production, explain special climate signs and even come up with healthy living tips. Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCO's world cultural heritage list. Now, it has been brought to life thanks to a creative designer from Southwest China's Guizhou Province.
On the eve of this year's Qingming Festival, Shi Changhong released (发布) his version of reproduced and packaged characters for each solar term in the form of "moving art" of gifs. Since their first release on Zcool on March 29, the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period.
To maximize publicity, Shi released his work in three forms: the video, the animation and pictures. The background sounds add to the brilliance.
"When I watch the short video, I can strongly feel the Chinese-style elements hidden in it. And it is really cool to liven up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way." WeChat user Xiao Feifei said.
"It is really a comfort to me to see so many people like my latest work. To be honest, it would really surprise me if the work had not aroused great interest among Chinese people. The 24 solar terms is a deeply rooted concept that covers the essence of Chinese wisdom. However, only a small portion of people know all the names or the correct order of those terms. My intention is to increase Chinese people's self-awareness to learn more about our traditional fine culture. Actually, the 24 solar terms work is only a part of my whole design program 'Charm China', which I started a year ago." Shi told China Daily.
1. Which part of the newspaper does the text probably belong to
A. Travel. B. Culture. C. Agriculture. D. Education.
2. What do you think the underlined word "Zcool" refers to
A. Newspaper. B. Magazine.
C. Radio broadcast. D. Website.
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text
A. The background sounds of the work make the video more attractive.
B. It really surprised Shi Changhong to see so many people like his latest work.
C. Most old people know all the names or the correct order of the 24 solar terms.
D. The 24 solar terms work designed by Shi Changhong was added to UNESCO's heritage list.
4. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To introduce a creative designer.
B. To introduce the 24 solar terms work.
C. To introduce the origin of the 24 solar terms.
D. To introduce a design program "Charm China".
C
Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life. In 1842, Darwin and his wife Emma moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance(烦扰) as possible. They already had two children then, and would go on to have eight more in the country.
Darwin, had very regular habits. He rose early and went for a walk. After breakfast he worked in his study until 9:30 am, his most productive time of the day, and then read his letters lying on the sofa before returning to work.
At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to check his experiments. Then he would go for another walk around an area of woodland. While walking on his "thinking path", Darwin would consider his unsolved scientific problems.
After lunch he read the newspaper and wrote letters. His network of friends provided information from all comers of the world.
The Darwins were not very strict parents and the children were always seen running wild. Their father worked patiently with a background of happy shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door.
After dinner Darwin played backgammon (a game for two people to play) with his wife. He once wrote, "Now the result with my wife in backgammon stands like this: she has won only 2,490 games, while I have won, hurrah(a cheer of joy or victory), hurrah, 2,795 games!"
Although he had poor health, Darwin continued to publish a lot of creative works until his final book in 1881. He died the following year, aged 73.
Rather than a quiet space in the local churchyard, which he called "the sweetest place on Earth", Darwin was given a state funeral(国葬) in London's Westminster Abbey.
1. Why did the Darwins move to Kent
A. To do more experiments. B. To cut their cost of living.
C. To enjoy more peacefulness. D. To be together with their children.
2. What did Darwin do every day
A. He studied in the forest. B. He started to work at 9:30 am.
C. He wrote letters in the morning. D. He examined his experiments.
3. What did Darwin's children probably think of him
A. Strict. B. Kind. C. Cold. D. Brave.
4. What is this text mainly about
A. Darwin's scientific achievements. B. Darwin's unusual state funeral.
C. Darwin's personal life. D. Darwin's large family.
D
How fit are your teeth Are you lazy about brushing them Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week. It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right (don't forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure you're brushing long enough. "It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis," says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone, so developers could, for instance, create a game controlled by your toothbrush. You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun," Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said "yes", but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer, for $ 99 to $ 199, depending on features. The US is the first target market.
Serval says that one day, it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera. The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.
1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush
A.It can sense how users brush their teeth. B.It can track users,' school performance.
C.It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist. D.It can help users find their phones.
2.What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3
A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.
C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
D.You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun
A.It can be used to update mobile phones. B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.
C.It can send messages to other users. D.It can talk to its developers.
4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.
B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.
C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.
D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.
第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The Free Dictionary defines(定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. ①____________ Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity.
②____________ Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things worked. If a scientist doesn't have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/ she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience.
③____________ There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If you're an instant-gratification (及时满足的) type of person, this may not be the best choice for you.
Ethical (道德的)qualities.
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect each other in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial (商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted(反驳)by evidence is dishonest. ④____________
Working habits.
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. ⑤____________ He/ She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/ her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/ she may discover something new.
A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B. An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. However, that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
E. He/ She can work well alone or in groups, depending on what's needed.
F. To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.
G. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）
One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, "Are all people the same even if they are different in color "
I thought for a minute, and then said, "I'll explain, if you can just wait until we make a quick 1 at the grocery store. I have something interesting to show you."
At the grocery store, we 2 some apples—red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Adam, "It's time to 3 your question." I put one apple of each 4 on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a 5 look on his face.
"People are like apples. They come in all 6 colors, shapes and sizes. On the 7 , some of the apples may not even look as delicious as the others." As I was talking, Adam was 8 each one carefully.
Then, I took each of the apples and peeled(削皮) them, 9 them back on the table, but 10 a different place.
"Okay, Adam, tell me which is which."
He said, "I can't tell. They all look the same now." "Take a 11 of each one. See if that helps you 12 which one is which."
He took big bites, and then a huge smile came across his face. "People are 13 like apples! They are all different, but once you 14 the outside, they're pretty much the same on the inside."
He totally 15 it. I didn't need to say or do anything else.
1. A. stop B. start C. turn D. stay
2. A. bought B. counted C. saw D. collected
3. A. check B. mention C. answer D. improve
4. A. size B. type C. shape D. class
5. A. worried B. satisfied C. proud D. curious
6. A. ordinary B. normal C. different D. regular
7. A. outside B. whole C. table D. inside
8. A. examining B. measuring C. drawing D. packing
9. A. keeping B. placing C. pulling D. giving
10. A. on B. toward C. for D. in
11. A. breath B. bite C. look D. care
12. A. admit B. consider C. decide D. believe
13. A. just B. always C. merely D. seldom
14. A. put away B. get down C. hand out D. take off
15. A. made B. took C. got D. did
第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research suggests that Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning may be fiction instead ①______ fact.
During a storm in 1752, Franklin raised a kite with a piece of string ②______ (tie) to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity ③______ (conduct) through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock.
For many years, schools ④______ (teach) the story of Franklin's lightning experiment. ⑤______, neither the story nor the details of the experiment ⑥______ (be) entirely true. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had ⑦______ (actual) touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple ⑧______ fell on Newton's head and led him ⑨______ (come) up with his theory of gravity.
Admittedly, fiction is often ⑩______ (interesting) than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story.
第三部分 写作（共两节,满分40分）
(满分15分)
今天你们在化学课上做了一个实验,请你用英语写一份80 词左右的实验报告。内容如下:
实验目的:检验铝在空气中加热后,重量是否会发生变化。
实验器材:铝片、本生灯(Bunsen burner)、天平(balance)、 坩埚(crucible),坩埚钳(tongs)
实验步骤:
第一步:把铝片放在坩埚中,然后放在天平上称重。
第二步:点燃本生灯,将盛有铝片的坩埚移到火焰上加热。
第三步:再称坩埚和铝片的重量。
实验结果:比加热前略重一些。
实验结论:铝在空气中加热后,重量会发生变化。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little boy and his grandmother came to see Santa at the Mayfair Mall in Wisconsin. The child climbed up on Santa Claus's lap holding a picture of a little girl.
"Who is this " asked Santa, smiling. "Your friend Your sister "
"Yes, Santa," he replied.
"My sister, Sarah, who is very sick," the boy said sadly.
Santa glanced at the grandmother who was waiting nearby and saw her wiping her eyes with a tissue.
"She wanted to come with me to see you very much, Santa!" the child shouted.
"She misses you," he added softly.
Santa tried to cheer the boy up, asking him what he wanted Santa to bring him for Christmas.
When they finished their talk, the grandmother came over to help the child get off Santa Claus's lap, and started to say something to Santa, but halted (停顿).
"What is it " Santa asked warmly.
"Well, I know it's really too much to ask you, Santa, but... the girl in the photograph is my granddaughter. You see", she has leukemia(白血病) and isn't expected to make it even through the holiday," she said with tear-filled eyes. "Is there any way, Santa, any possible way that you could come to see Sarah "
All she had asked for, for Christmas, was to see Santa.
Santa blinked, swallowed hard and told the woman to leave information with his elves(小精灵) as to where Sarah was, saying he would see what he could do. Santa thought of nothing else for the rest of that afternoon. "What if it were my child lying in that hospital bed, dying " he thought with a sinking heart.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Santa knew what he had to do. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
One year later at the Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa's lap and said, "Hi, Santa! Remember me " _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3CDA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据"With the world's largest rainforest in Brazil, of which huge part is in danger, there are lots of different jobs you can do"可知巴西的热带雨林正受到威胁,所以你如果对环境保护有兴趣就去巴西吧!所以C选项是正确的。
2.细节理解题。根据"Generally volunteers in Kenya work in orphanages(孤儿院) or with local children living in slums(贫民窟)"可知在肯尼亚,志愿者主要是照顾孩子。所以D选项是正确的。
3.细节理解题。根据"A lot of work is needed with wildlife and ecological work, so if you want to look after turtles on the beach, Costa Rica could be just the place for you"可知在哥斯达黎加你可以照顾海龟所以A选项是正确的。
B.答案：1-4 BDAB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中Last year, the 24 solar terms was added to UNESCO's world cultural heritage list.(去年,二十四节气被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录)以及第四段中And it is really cool to liven up traditional Chinese culture in such a unique way.(以这样独特的方式活跃中国传统文化真的很酷)可知,这篇文章属于报纸中的"文化"栏目,故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据下文中the gifs have won great praise among the general public and quickly flooded the social media with millions of hits during the festival period的millions of hits可知,点击量达到数百万次,所以Zcool应该是一个网站,故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段首句可知,石昌鸿看到许多人喜欢他最近的作品感到很欣慰,而不是惊讶,因此B项错误;根据 only a small portion of people know all the names or the correct order of those terms可知,为数不多的人知道二十四节气的正确顺序,因此C项错误;根据文章信息, 收入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录的是二十四节气,而不是石昌鸿的艺术设计,因此D项错误。根据“The background sounds add to the brilliance.” 可知,背景声增加了文字的光彩,即背景声使二十四节气的视频更具有吸引力, 因此A项的表述是正确的。
4.推理判断题。文章介绍了一位创意设计师以动图的形式宣传中国的二十四节气,故选B项。
C.答案：1-4 CDBC
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段中的“moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance(烦扰） as possible”可知,达尔文夫妇搬家是为了免受外界的打扰,以享受更多的宁静,故选C。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的“At midday he would go for another walk with his dog, stopping at his greenhouse to check his experiments.”可知,达尔文每天都会去查看实验的进展情况。故选D。
3.推理判断题。由第五段中的“Their father worked patiently with a background of happy shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door.”可推知,在孩子们眼里,父亲达尔文应该很和蔼。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。根据首段第一句即文章主旨句“Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life.”可知,本文描写了英国著名科学家达尔文的宁静的个人生活。故选C。
D.答案：1-4.ACBD
解析：语篇解读:本文介绍了一款新型牙刷Kolibree的功能以及发明者Serval发明这款产品的原因和目的。
1.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中"An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush, and it lets you track your performance on your phone."可知这种电子牙刷能够感知到你刷牙用了多长时间,刷的有多么好。故A项正确。
2.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中"It's kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis," says Thomas Serval, the French inventor.可知使用这款牙刷就像是有一名牙医在观察你刷牙。故C项说法正确。
3.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第四段中"You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth. "We try to make it smart but also fun,' Serval says."可知这款牙刷还能用来玩游戏,这就更增加了它的趣味性。故B项正确。
4.解析:段落大意题。本段主要是叙述Serval发明这一物品的原因。根据第一句"Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father."可知他是为了监督孩子更好地刷牙才发明了这一产品。故D项正确。
第二节
答案：CBADE
解析：①空格前指出科学家被定义为对一门或多门学科有专业知识的人,尤其是自然科学或物理科学,由此可知,此处讲的是对科学家这一名词的理解,C项提出,还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人,正好符合语境。
②根据这一段的小标题Curiosity.可知,科学家们具备的一个特征就是有好奇心,B项中的be very curious about things与之符合。
③根据小标题Patience.以及下文提到的几乎没有其他工作比这个更花费时间了可知,成为科学家需要很长一段时间,A项与之符合。
④空格上一句提到,坚持一个没有证据支撑的旧信念是不诚实的,此处提到了belief, D项指出,那个信念要是没有强有力的证据是不能被改变的,恰好是对上一句的补充说明。
⑤根据小标题Working habits.可知,下面一段主要谈到工作习惯。空格前提到他们会记笔记;空格后提到他们需要口头和书面地交流他们的想法。比较选项可知,E项中指出他/她可以一个人工作得很好,也可以在团队中工作得很好,这也是一种工作习惯,符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5 AACBD 6-10 CAABD 11-15 BCADC
解析：1.根据下文可知回家路上作者和孩子在商店里买了一些苹果,所以是短暂的“停留”,去商店买苹果。
2.由grocery store可知此处选A。
3.由上文可知作者的儿子提出了一个问题,作者现在是在回答他的问题。所以选C。
4.根据上文some apples—red,green and yellow ones可知：这里是指作者从每种苹果里面拿一个放在桌子上,所以选B。
5.看到作者这样做,儿子很好奇。worried担心的, satisfied满意的, proud骄傲的, curious好奇的。所以选D。
6.指苹果和人一样,都有不同的颜色、外形和大小,所以选C。
7.这里是指在外形上,有些苹果可能看上去没有别的苹果可口,所以选A。
8.这里是指儿子正在仔细检查每个苹果。examine检查; measure衡量; draw画脚; pack收拾（行李）。所以选A。
9.作者把一些苹果削了皮以后,放在了不同的地方让儿子辨认,所以选B。
10.所填介词与后文的名词place构成短语,意思是“在……地方”,用in,所以选D。
11.根据后文He took big bites...可知答案为B。
12.这里是指咬一口能不能帮助你选定哪个是哪个。admit承认; consider考虑; decide选定; believe相信。所以选C。
13.just恰好; always总是; merely仅仅,常用于否定句中; seldom很少。此处指人就像苹果一样,表面不一样,一旦脱掉外衣,就基本上一样了,所以选A。
14.put away收好,存钱; get down写下,记下; hand out分发; take off起飞,脱掉,去掉。此处意思是“但是一旦去掉其外皮”,所以选D。
15.根据语境可知作者的儿子完全明白了这个道理。make it成功; get it明白了。所以选C。
第二节
答案：① of ② tied ③ was conducted ④ have taught ⑤ However ⑥ are ⑦ actually ⑧ that/ which ⑨ to come ⑩ more interesting
解析：①考查介词。句意：新的研究表明,本杰明 富兰克林著名的闪电实验可能是虚构的,而不是事实。instead of意为“而不是”,故本空应用介词of。
②考查过去分词。句意：1752年的一场暴风雨中,富兰克林放飞了一只风筝,上面绑着一根绳子。句中with a piece of string ②_____(tie) to it 为with复合结构,其中a piece of string和tie之间为被动关系,故此处应用过去分词。
③考查时态及语态。句意：一道闪电击中了风筝,电流通过绳子传到了钥匙上。根据前后句时态可知,本空应用一般过去时;且句子主语electricity和动词 conduct之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
④考查时态。句意：学校已经教了许多年富兰克林闪电实验的故事。根据for many years可知,本空应用现在完成时。
⑤考查转折副词。句意：然而,这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。根据本句及前句句意可知,前后语意为转折关系,故本空应用however“然而”。
⑥考查主谓一致。句意参考上题。本句主语为neither...nor...连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数应遵循“就近原则”,即和nor后的主语保持一致,故本空应用are。
⑦考查副词。句意：但科学家们都同意,如果富兰克林真的碰了钥匙,他肯定会死于电击。本空修饰动词touched,故应用副词 actually。
⑧考查定语从句。句意：有人甚至质疑砸在牛顿头上并导致他提出了万有引力理论的苹果的故事。所填词引导定语从句,修饰名词apple,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词that或which。
⑨考查不定式。句意参考上题。lead sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”,故本空应用不定式作宾补。
⑩考查形容词比较级。句意：诚然,虚构的事往往比真理更有趣。根据空后的than可知,本空应用形容词比较级。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Today, we carried out an experiment in chemistry class. We did the experiment with the purpose of discovering if there is a change in weight when aluminum is heated in air. To carry out the experiment, what we need are a piece of aluminum, a Bunsen burner, a balance, and a crucible. We did the experiment following the procedures below.
Well, first, we put a piece of aluminum in the crucible. Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it. Next, we lit the Bunsen burner. After that, we held the crucible over the flame. Lastly, we weighed the crucible with the piece of aluminum in it again, and found that the weight of the piece of aluminum did change.
From this experiment, we came to the conclusion that when aluminum is heated in air, there is a change in weight.
第二节
Paragraph 1:
Santa knew what he had to do. He drove to the hospital and found out which room Sarah was in. Taking a deep breath, and forcing a smile on his face, he entered the ward. "Santa Claus! Santa Claus!" screamed Sarah weakly. Santa rushed to give her a warm hug and a Christmas gift. "Now. Sarah." Santa said, "you have a job to do, and that is to get well. I expect to see you at the Mayfair Mall this time next year!" "Yes, Santa!" Sarah shouted, her eyes bright. Santa kissed her on the forehead and left.
Paragraph 2:
One year later at the Mayfair Mall, a little girl came up to sit on Santa's lap and said, "Hi, Santa! Remember me " "Of course!" Santa answered (as he always does), smiling down at her. "You came to see me in the hospital last year!" Santa's jaw dropped. Tears immediately rolled down his cheeks. "Sarah!" he shouted and hugged her tightly. He hardly recognized her, for her hair was long and her cheeks were rosy, which were quite different from the girl he had visited a year before. He looked up and saw Sarah's grandmother smiling and wiping her eyes. That was the best ever Christmas for Santa Claus.
解析： 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述一个小男孩和他的祖母去威斯康星州的梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人,因为小男孩的妹妹Sarah生病了。Sarah特别想和圣诞老人见一面,于是他的祖母请求圣诞老人帮忙去见一下Sarah。圣诞老人同意了,并且真的去医院看了Sarah并鼓励她快点康复,希望明年在梅菲尔购物中心能再次见到Sarah。一年后,Sarah真的去梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人,让圣诞老人非常感动,这也成为这个圣诞节圣诞老人收到的最好的礼物。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“圣诞老人知道他该怎么做。”可知,第一段可描写圣诞老人去医院看Sarah, Sarah很开心,圣诞老人鼓励Sarah快点康复,希望下一个圣诞节在梅菲尔购物中心看到她。
②由第二段首句内容“一年后,在梅菲尔购物中心,一个小女孩走过来坐在圣诞老人的腿上说,“嗨,圣诞老人！还记得我吗？”可知,第二段可描写Sarah真的去梅菲尔购物中心看圣诞老人,这让圣诞老人非常激动。
2续写线索：开车一找到一进入房间—冲过去—拥抱一非常惊讶一涌出泪水
3.词汇激活
行为类
开车：drive to//drive a car/drive off
找到：find/find out/seek out
进入房间：enter the room/come into the room/get into the room
冲过去：rush to/run to
拥抱：hug/embrace/hold in one's arms
情绪类
非常惊讶：jaw dropped/surprised/amazed/surprisingly
涌出泪水：Tears spring into his eyes/burst into tears