人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit4 History and traditions-Words and Expressions单词课件（55张PPT）

(共55张PPT)
History and Traditions
VOCABULARY
1. confusion (n.) [U] 不确定，困惑；混乱，混乱状态
词汇记忆
confuse sb. with sth. 某事令某人迷惑不解
confuse A and/with B 混淆A与B
拓展总结
confuse
confusion
confused/confusing
fuse-：注入
con-是前缀，表示“加强”
1. confusion (n.) [U] 不确定，困惑；混乱，混乱状态
There is some confusion about what the correct procedure should be.
对于应该采取什么正确步骤，还是有些不明确。
佳句列举
练习巩固
As I tried describing Thanksgiving Day to my in-laws (姻亲) in China, I could already see their eyes cloud over with __________ (confuse) and sense the questions forming in their minds.
confusion
2. be similar to 与……相似
拓展总结
【2016·浙江卷】In many ways, the education system in the US has some ___________ (similar) to that in the UK.
高考链接
similarities
be similar in 在……方面相似
be different from 与……不同
similarity (n.) 相似性
similar
3. individual (adj.) 个人的，个别的
词汇记忆
give individual attention to
关注到每个人
an individual way of sth./doing sth.
（独特的）做某事的方式
拓展总结
individualize（v.）
individual
individuality（n.）
divide- ：分开
in- ：否定作用
【2020·北京阅读理解】 Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
【2019·北京】In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.
在棒球运动中，个人球员的表现对队友的依赖性较小。
高考链接
3. individual (adj.) 个人的，个别的
4. Achilles’ heel (喻)（希腊神话）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
阿基里斯是古希腊神话中最伟大的英雄之一。相传，他的母亲是一位女神，在他降生之初，女神为了使他长生不死，将他浸入冥河洗礼。阿基里斯从此刀枪不入，百毒不侵，只有一点除外———他的脚踵当时被女神提在手中，未能浸入冥河，于是“阿基里斯之踵”就成了这位英雄的唯一弱点。在漫长的特洛亚战争中，阿基里斯一直是希腊人最勇敢的将领。在十年战争即将结束时，敌方将领在众神的示意下，抓住了阿基里斯的弱点，一箭射中他的脚踵，阿基里斯最终不治而亡。
pull one’s leg 同某人开玩笑
fish out of water
因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
fly off the handle 大发雷霆
be over the moon 欣喜若狂
laugh one’s head off 大笑不止
习语链接
词源
be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
child’s play 很容易的事
a wet blanket 扫兴的人或者事情
a lucky dog 幸运儿
a tough nut 难对付的人
4. Achilles’ heel (喻)（希腊神话）阿克琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
习语链接
puzzle (n.) 谜语，疑问 （vt.）迷惑
拓展总结
You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest _______ (puzzle) in our life.
These scientists have been puzzled _________ how to solve the environmental problem.
巩固练习
n. be in a puzzle 感到困惑
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
v. puzzle about/over 苦苦思考
puzzle
puzzles
about/over
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛
佳句列举
拓展总结
It took great courage to break away from his family at that time.
break
into
down
out
up
损坏，发生故障
破门而入
（战争）爆发，（火灾）突然发生
结束，破裂
损坏, 出故障
崩溃, 垮掉
分解, 分类
打碎
破裂
分解
驱散
放假
折断
终止; 中断
闯入
插话
闯入
爆发
迸发, 爆发
突破; 突围
脱离; 摆脱
巩固练习
If you go on working like that, you will break _____ sooner or later.
With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break ______ _____ the Union.
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛
down
away from
belong to 属于
No matter what happens, Taiwan belongs to China.
佳句列举
要点必记
belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应
belongings n. （pl.）所有物；财产，财物
personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品
He was upset that the valuable watch _______
______ ______ （属于他的）was lost yesterday.
单句写作
belonging
to him
belong to 属于
语法填空
The old house 　　　　　　 (belong) to my grandfather was still in good condition.
I just escaped from the flood and all my
________ (belong) were swept away.
If someone belongs 　　　　 a particular group, he or she is a member of that group.
belonging
belongings
to
result in 导致，造成
拓展总结
result in 导致，造成
result from 由于
as a result 因此，结果
as a result of 由于
result in 导致，造成
语法填空
The terrible accident resulted _____ careless driving.
The accident resulted ___ heavy losses because many cultural relics were destroyed.
He studies very hard. As ___ result, he now speaks brilliant English.
He has a preference for literature as a result ____ the influence from his mother.
from
in
a
of
拓展总结
A as well as/together with/along with B + 谓语动词+ 其他
谓语动词的单复数由 A 决定
not only A but also B
不但A……而且B……（强调B ）
A as well as B
不但B……而且A…… （强调A ）
as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还
as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还
巩固练习
Peter as well as his friends _______ (like) to listen to classical music.
Not only he but also his brothers __________ (work) like mad at the moment.
He gave me some good tips as well _______ some warnings.
Dr. Smith, as well as his wife and daughters, _______ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
likes
are working
as
is
as well as （1）同（一样也） （2）和；还
一句多译
他不但种花，而且种菜。
He grows vegetables _____ _____ _____ flowers.
He grows _____ _____ vegetables _____ _____ flowers.
as well as
not only
but also
as well ____
as well as ___________________________
as good as ___________________________________
也
和, 以及; 同……一样好(副词)
几乎和……一样; 同……一样好(形容词)
defence n. 防御；保卫
词汇记忆
defence (n.) 捍卫
in defence of 为……辩护；捍卫，保卫
build up a defence 筑起一道防线
defence against 抵御……
in one’s defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护
come to one’s defence 出来保护某人
defend (vt.) 保护；保卫
defend... from/against... 保护……免受伤害；保卫
defend oneself against... 为自己辩护
8. defence n. 防御；保卫
语法填空
The town walls were built as a defence _______ enemy attacks.
Two rescue workers came to his __________ (defend) when the accident happened.
All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves __________ the sudden attacks.
against
defence
from/against
defence n. 防御；保卫
单句写作
Mr Green stood up ______ ______ ______ （为……辩护）the little boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
Thousands of young men came forward, willing to ______ ______ ______ （保卫他们的国家）.
I have to say ______ ______ ______ （为她辩护）that she knew nothing about the incident at first.
in defence of
defend their country
in her defence
词根词缀
round-：圆形
派生词汇
surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的（只用于名词前）
surroundings n. (pl) 环境
拓展总结
be surrounded by/with... 被…… 环绕/ 包围
surround（vt.）围绕，包围
词汇记忆
surround（vt.）围绕，包围
巩固练习
The garden ____ ________ ________ （由……包围着）a hedge in which many small creatures can live. 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　
is surrounded by/with
语法填空
［词汇复现］The poet was surrounded ____ a crowd of people, eager to hear his speech.
Mrs White found her husband ___________ (surround) by letters and papers and looking very worried.
They live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers ___________ (surround) it.
by
surrounded
surrounding
surround（vt.）围绕，包围
语法填空
___________ (surround) by the clear waters, this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild.
Surrounded
location (n.) 地方
词汇记忆
(1）location n. 位置
the location of the factory 工厂的位置
the exact/precise location 确切位置
（2）locate vt. 坐落于；位于；找出……的位置
be located in/on 坐落于，位于
locate Berlin on the map 在地图上找到柏林
location (n.) 地方
巩固练习
The ancient people built towers in different 　　 　　 ________ （locate）for military defence.
China ________ （locate）in the east of Asia with the area of about 9, 600, 000 square kilometres.
Mount Huang __________ （位于）Anhui Province.
The centre __________________________ many historical sites.
（这个中心距离许多古迹都很近。）
单句写作
locations
is located
is located in
is located within easy reach of
battle （1）n. 战役；搏斗　（2）vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
巩固练习
She has __________________ （与……抗争）cancer for two years.
battled against/with
battle (vt.) 与……战斗，奋斗
battle against/with 与……战斗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
date back（to）追溯到
要点记忆
out of date 过时
up to date 最新的，新式的
to date 迄今，到目前为止
On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple ______ (date) from the Tang Dynasty.
巩固练习
dating
keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意
要点记忆
keep an eye on 照看;留意;密切关注
keep at it 坚持干，继续苦干
keep up 保持；继续
keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系
keep back 阻止；隐瞒
keep away （from） 避免接近（……）
keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做……
keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意
巩固练习
You must keep your ______ (eye) open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
Keep your eyes open ______ a boy in a red sweater.
You’re walking so fast that I can’t keep up ______ you.
Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese ______ burning.
eyes
for
with
from
要点记忆
搭配 1 （名词）
take charge of 主管；负责
free of charge 免费（=for free）
in/under the charge of 由……负责/ 掌管
搭配2 （动词）
charge sb. for sth. 因某事/ 某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. /doing sth. 指控某人（做）某事
charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电
charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电
要点比较
人+ in charge of + 事
事+ in the charge of + 人
—How much do you charge me 　　　　 it
—No. In fact it is free 　　　　 charge at the
weekend.
He was charged 　　　　 murder and sentenced to death.
巩固练习
for
of
with
单句写作
The man __________ （负责）the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
He is old, so his son will ______________ （负责）the farm.
The programme is ________________ （由…… 负责/ 掌管）Mr Zhang.
charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电
in charge of
take charge of
in the charge of
单句写作
The man ______________ （被指控） theft, but he made a protest.
Somehow they didn’t ______ us ______ （因……向……收费） delivery this time. 　　　　
charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电
was charged with
charge
for
He was charged with being mean to the employees after he took charge of the company, which had been in the charge of his father, for he began to charge the staff for charging their electric bicycles.
他被指控在他掌管了他父亲管理的公司后对员工很刻薄，因为他开始向员工收取给电动车充电的费用。
announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
词汇记忆
an- （向）nounce（发声）：v. 宣布；通知
announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth.
向某人宣布某事
announce that... 宣布……
As is announced... 据报道……
It is announced that... 据报道……
announcement n. 宣告
make an announcement 宣布通告
单句写作
The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news _____ the reporters.
We are pleased _______________ (announce) that all five candidates are successful.
______ is announced in today’s newspaper, they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique.
She made her ______________ (announce) after talks with the president.
announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
to
to announce
As
announcement
amount n. 金额；数量
拓展记忆
“许多、大量”的多种表达
A large amount of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large amounts of + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+
其他.
A large quantity of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large quantities of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 复数谓语
动词+ 其他.
amount n. 金额；数量
拓展记忆
“许多、大量”的多种表达
A good/great many （A large/great number of 、Quite a few） + 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语动词+ 其他.
Many a + 可数名词单数 + 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
A lot of/ Lots of （Plenty of ）+ 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词+ 谓语动词+ 其他.
（谓语动词的单复数根据of 后的名词确定）
amount n. 金额；数量
单句写作
他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。（amount）
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
They spent a large amount of time on this problem.
They spent large amounts of time on this problem. 　
语法填空
amount n. 金额；数量
With more forests being destroyed, a large amount of good earth ______ (be) being washed away each year.
There ______ (be) large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games.
To my disappointment, a large amount of money _______________ (waste) so far.
A number of high buildings _________ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
is
are
has been wasted
have arisen
词汇记忆
名词
the approach of... ……的来临
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
an approach to （doing）sth. （做）某事的方法（to 是介词）
adopt/take an approach 采用一种方法
approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近 　
（2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
词汇记忆
动词
approach the house 走近房子
see/hear sb./sth. approaching 看到/ 听到某人/ 某物接近
be easy/difficult to approach 容易接近/ 难以接近
approach the problem/matter 处理问题
approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近 　
（2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
巩固练习
The best approach to _________ (explore) the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.
Many kinds of birds fly south _________ the approach of winter.
All the approaches _________ the palace were guarded by troops.
The approach _________ the summer vacation brings the kids much happiness.
approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近 　
（2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
exploring
at
to
of
要点记忆
generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方，不吝啬某物
It’s generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。
generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地　
generosity n. 慷慨，大方
mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的
generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的 （2）丰富的
巩固练习
generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的 （2）丰富的
These volunteers are very generous ___________ the old men.
The young man is very generous ___________ his time in helping others.
It is generous of you ___________ (lend) your portable computer to me.
to
with
to lend
误区警示
当 position, situation, point, case, stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用 where 引导。
position n. 位置；姿态；职位
巩固练习
Ensure that everything is __________ position when we come back to the room.
I’m sorry if I put you __________ an awkward position.
If a container catches liquid, it is in a position __________ the liquid falls into it.
position n. 位置；姿态；职位
in
in
where
eager adj. 热切的；渴望
要点记忆
be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 渴求某事物
be eager in 热衷于
The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager ____ knowledge and eager _________ (make) progress, so she is eager ____ her study and is always praised by her teachers.
巩固练习
to make
for
in
2. make up 组成
要点记忆
部分 + make up + 整体 = 整体 + be made up of +部分
make up for 补偿
make out 辨认出；明白，理解
make it 及时到达；取得成功
make the best of 充分利用
make up one’s mind 下定决心
make good / full use of 好好/ 充分利用
2. make up 组成
单句写作
We need two more volunteers to _____________（组成一个团队）.
Our class _________________（由……构成） fifty students.
make up a team
is made up of
2. make up 组成
翻译练习
Different qualities make up a person’s character. 　 　　　 　 　
The company will be forced to pay 6 million dollars to make up the difference. 　　　　
She spent two hours making herself up before the party. 　　　　
He made up a song in memory of the hero. 　　　　
Have you made up with Patty yet 　　　　
组成
补足
化妆
创作
和好
3. greet vt. （1）问候 （2）迎接
（3）映入……的眼帘；传入……的耳中/ 鼻中
助记
You are great to greet us with such warm greetings.
greet the New Year
迎接新年
要点记忆
greet sb. with 用……向某人打招呼/ 问候某人
greeting n. 问候，招呼，致意
（常用复数形式greetings 表示“问候语，贺词”）
send greetings to sb. 向某人致意
(2019江苏) Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when_____________the British students.
李江和苏华在迎接英国学生时的着装上意见不一。
(2013浙江)The moment I arrived in Paris, I was _____________ a nice French couple who would become my host parents.
我一到巴黎就受到一对法国夫妇的欢迎，他们后来成了我的寄宿家长。
His appearance on the platform was greeted ________ a burst of applause.
We are ________（greet）by an entertaining view of the sea.
Lily sends greetings ________ her teachers every Teachers’ Day.
◆
with
greeted
to
greeting
was greeted by
4. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
误区警示
复数 customs 还专指“海关”。
a customs officer 海关官员
It ____________________ （已经变成一个习俗） to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
____________________________（对中国人来说……是一种习俗）to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival to get rid of ill fortune.
巩固练习
has become a custom
It is a custom for Chinese people