2021-2022学年新人教版高中英语必修第三册：Unit 3 Diverse cultures 学案

人教新教材（2019）必修第三册 教学案
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
一、学习提纲
（一）话题：节日的起源于庆祝
（二）词汇
识记词汇 词形变化 词汇运用 词汇练习 词汇讲解
I 课标词汇
非课标词汇
II 课标词汇
非课标词汇
III 课标词汇
非课标词汇
（三）语音：
（四）语法：
（五）写作：
二、知识点学习
（一）词汇
1、词形变化 2、词汇运用
（二）语音
（三）阅读文章练习
（四）教材内的语法题目
（五）单元重点词组积累
（六）单元重点句式积累
（七）语法
（八）写作
（九）单元词句基础练习
（十）单元语法基础练习
提醒：
词汇部分含有英语音标，为确保正确显示，请下载安装英语音标字体Kingsoft phonetic plain和Gwipa。
一、学习提纲
一、话题：文化的多样性
二、词汇
识记词汇 词形变化 词汇运用 词汇练习 词汇 讲解
I 课标词汇 diverse, cheese diverse, fortune （无） 《课时考点专题检测》P.125 语言基础Ex. 1-3 《同步作业》 P. 39-40
非课标词汇 diversity, fortune, chip, spicy, ethnic
II 课标词汇 definitely, downtown, mission, district, comic, afterwards, head to, seek, earn, earn a living, select, china, jazz, bar, diagram, journal, series of, minority admit, occur, historic, earn, immigrant, minority admit, occur, claim, escape 《课时考点专题检测》P.127 语言基础Ex. 1-4 《同步作业》 P.43-45
非课标词汇 graffiti, historical, immigrant
III 课标词汇 Atlantic, financial, poetry, jeans, boot, mushiroom. poison, fold, super, collection, percentage, climate, mild, settle, construction, material, to name but a few, suit, (at) first hand, item, contain, neat financial, poetry, poison, fold, collection, percent, mild, settle, construction, clothing, suit, contain, neat bring短语 《课时考点专题检测》P.131 语言基础Ex. 1-3 P.133 语言基础 Ex. 1-4 P.134 Ex. 1-3 （无）
非课标词汇 poisonous, accessary, souvenir, clothing, herbal
三、语音：停顿
四、语法：-to do省略
理论知识：《同步作业》 P.48-49
练 习：《课时考点专题检测》 P. 129 Ex. 1-2
五、写作：介绍你的城市（或城镇）
二、知识点学习
（一）词汇
1、词形变化
(I) diverse adj.不同的，相异的，多种多样的，形形色色的
diversify v. （尤指企业或公司）增加……的品种；从事多种经营；扩大业务范围；（使）多样化，变化，不同
diversification Un.
diversity n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样化，多样性
fortunate adj.幸运的
fortunately adv.幸运地
fortune n.（尤指影响人生的）机会，运气；Cn.巨款 n.（个人、家庭、国家等的）发展变化的趋势，命运，际遇；（个人的）命运，前途
(II) admit v.（常指勉强）承认；承认（过错、罪行）；招认，招供；准许进入（某处），准许加入（俱乐部、组织），接收入学，接收入院，收治
admittance n.（建筑物、机构等的）进入权，进入
admittedly adv.（尤用于句首）诚然，无可否认
admission n.（机构、组织等的）准许加入，加入权 Cn.（尤指对过错、罪行的）承认，招供 Un.入场费，门票费
admissible adv.（尤指法庭）容许提供的，可接受的
admissibility Un.
occur v.发生，出现；存在于，出现在；(occur to sb.)被想到
occurrence Cn.发生的事情，存在的事物 Un.发生，出现，存在
history n.历史；（有关某个地方、主题等的）发展史；历史课，历史学；（某人的）履历，经历，家族史，（某地的）沿革；过去了的事情，不在重要的事件
historic adj. 历史上著名（重要）的；有史时期的
historical adj.（有关）历史的；历史学的；有关历史研究的；（书籍、电影等））历史题材的
historically adv.
historian n.历史学工作者，历史学家
earn v.挣，赚，生（利）；获（利）；应得，赢得
earner n.挣钱者
earnings n.收入，工资，薪水，利润，收益
immigrant n.（外来的）移民，外侨
immigrate v. （从外地）移民，移居
immigration Un.移居（入境），移民人数；移民检查站
minor adj.较小的，次要的，轻微的；（音乐）小调的，小音阶的 n.（法律）未成年人；辅修课目，辅修课程v.辅修
minority n.少数，少数派；少数人；少数民族；少数群体；（法律）未成年
(III)finance Un.资金，财政，金融，财务；(finances)（个人、组织、国家的）财力，财源，财务管理 vt.给……提供资金
financial adj. 金融的，财政的，财务的
Financially adv.
Financier n.金融家，理财家
poet n.诗人
poem n.诗，韵文
poetry Un.诗集，诗作，诗歌；美好的品质；优雅的气质，诗意
poetic adj.(=poetical)诗歌的，诗的；富有诗意的
poison n.毒药，毒素；就有害的思想（或心情等）；vt.毒害，毒死；下毒，使恶化
poisoner n.投毒者，杀人者
poisoning n.中毒，服毒；毒害，投毒
poisonous adj.有毒的，引起中毒的；分泌毒素的；极讨厌（或不友善）的，恶毒的，邪恶的
fold v.折叠，对折，包，裹；（公司、戏剧等）倒闭，停演，结束n.褶，摺叠部分；羊栏，羊圈；(the fold)志趣相同德人们；（地理）（地壳岩石层的）褶皱 Cn.山洼，山谷
folder n.文件夹
folding adj.（家具、自行车等）可折叠的，折叠式的
unfold v.（使）展开，打开；（使）逐渐展现，展示透露
collect v.收集，采集；收藏，搜集，聚集，集合，积累；收走，接走；募集，募捐；收（欠款），（上门）收（账）；赢得，获得adj.（电话）由受话人付费的
collectable adj.&n.值得收藏的（东西）
collected adj.镇静，冷静；成全集的
collection Cn.（常指同类的）收集物，收藏品；一批物品，一群人；作品集；（为慈善机构或做礼拜时的）募捐，募集的钱；（常为季节性推出的）系列时装（或家用品）n.取走，聚集，聚积
collective adj.集体的，共有的，共同的；全体成员的，总体的n.企业集团，集体企业
collectively adv.
collectivism Un.集体主义，公有制
collectiveize vt.使公有化，使集体化
collectivization n.
collector n.（尤用于构成复合词）收集者，收藏家
percent n. adj. &adv.百分之……
percentage n.百分比，百分率；利润的分成，提成
mild adj.温和的，和善的，不严厉的；和煦的；（情感）温和的，不强烈的；（人或其行为）和善的，随和的；（味道）不浓的，淡味的 Un.清淡黑啤酒
mildly adv.轻微地，稍微地；和善地，温和地
mildness Un.温和
settle v.结束（争论、争端等）；解决（分歧、纠纷等）；（最终）决定，确定，安排好；定居；使处在舒适的位置，安防；（使）平静下来，安静下来，定下心来；降落，停留；（使）下沉，下陷，变得密实；付清（欠款）；结算，结账n.高背长椅
settled adj.稳定的，不大可能变动的；舒适自在的；（对住所、工作、生活方式等）习惯的
settlement Cn.（解决纷争的）协议；（法律）（关于钱转让的）协议（书）；（尤指拓荒安家的）定居点；Un.（欠款的）支付，结算；移民，开拓，殖民
settler n.移民，殖民者
construction n.（理念、观点和知识的）创造、建立Un.建筑，建造，施工，建造（或构造）的方式；Cn.建筑物，（句子、短语等的）结构；（对词语、行为、陈述等的）解释，说明，理解
construct vt.建筑，建造，修建；组成；（几何）（按照数学规则）编制，绘制 n.（根据不总是真实的各种证据得出的）构想，观念，概念；（短语的）结构成分，结构体；建筑物，构筑物，制成物
constructional adj.建造的，构造的，建筑的
constructive adj.建设性的，有助益的，积极的
constructively adv.
constructor n. （尤指汽车或飞机的）建造杂合，制造者，建造商
clothing Un.（尤指某种）服装
cloth n.织物，布料；Cn.一块布，（尤指）一块抹布，一块桌布；（the cloth）（统指）牧师，神父
clothe vt.给……穿衣；为（某人）提供衣服
clothed adj.衣着……，穿……衣服
clothes n.衣服，服装
suit n.一套外衣，套装；（参加某种特定活动时穿的）成套服装；（扑克牌中）所有同花色的牌；v.（不用于进行时）对（某人）方便；满足（某人）需要；合（某人）心意；（尤指服装、颜色等）相配，合身；（通常用于否定句）适合，适宜，有利于
suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当
suitability n.
suitably adv.合适地，适宜地，适当地’如你所料地，自然
contain v. （不用于进行时）包含，含有，容纳；控制，克制，抑制（感情）；防止……蔓延（或恶化）
container n.容器；集装箱，货柜
containment Un.控制，抑制；（对另一个国家力量的）遏制
neat adj. 整洁的，整齐的；有序的；有条理的，爱整洁的；小巧优雅的；简洁的，睿智的，灵巧的；好的，极好地；（尤指酒）未掺水的，纯的
neatly adv.
neatness Un.
neaten vt.使整洁
2、词汇运用
1. admit []
v. （常指勉强）承认 admit (to sth./to doing sth.) | admit (to sb.) that … | admit to do sth.
She admits to being strict with her children.
她承认对自己的孩子很严厉。
Don’t be afraid to admit to your mistake.
不要怕认错。
He admitted all his mistakes.
他承认了全部错误。
They freely admit that thye still have a lot to learn.
他们坦率承认，他们要学的东西还很多。
It was generally admitted that the government had acted too quickly.
普遍认为，政府行动过急。
The appointment is now generally admitted to have been a mistake.
现在公认那次任命是一个错误。
v. 承认（过错、罪行）；招认，招供 admit (to sth./ to doing sth.) | admit doing sth.
She admitted to having stolen the car.
她供认偷了那辆轿车。
He refused to admit to the other charges.
他拒不承认其他指控。
He refused to admit his guilt.
他拒不认罪。
She admitted having driven the car without insurance.
她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。
vt. 准许进入（某处） admit sb./ sth. (to/into sth.)
The narrow windows admit little light into the room.
窗户狭窄，只有少量光线可以照进房间。
You will not be admitted to the theater after the performance has started.
演出开始后，不许进入剧场。
vt. 准许加入（俱乐部、组织）；接收（入学） admit sb. (to/into sth.)
The society admits all US citizens over 21.
凡21岁以上的美国公民均可加入该社团。
vt. （经常用被动）接收入院，收治 admit sb. to/into a hospital
Two crash victims were admitted to the local hospital.
两位车祸受害者已送进当地医院。
admit of sth.容许，有……可能（指解决办法、解释等）
admittance [] Un.（建筑物、机构等）进入权，进入
Hundreds of people were unable to gain admittance to the hall.
数以百计的人未能获准进入大厅。
admittedly [] adv. （尤用于句首）诚然，无可否认
Admittedly, it is rather expensive but you don’t need to use much.
它的确很贵，但不需要用的很多。
admissible [] adj. （尤指法庭）容许提供的，可接受的
Photographs are usually admissible evidence provided it can be proved that they are authentic.
照片若经证实可靠，通常就是可接受的证据。
admissibility [] Un.
admission []
n. （机构、组织等的）准许加入，加入权，进入权
Hospital admission is not necessary in most cases.
大多数情况下，病人无须住院。
They tried to get into the club but were refused admission.
他们试图进入俱乐部，但遭到了拒绝。
She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.
她未获自己选择的大学录取。
Cn. （尤指对过错、罪行的）承认，招认，招供 admission (of sth.) | admission (that) …
The minister’s resignation was an admission that she had lied.
这位部长的辞职等于承认她自己撒过谎。
Un. 入场费，门票费
admission chages/ prices
入场费/票价
2. occur []
v. （不用于被动）发生，出现
When exactly did the incident occur
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
v.（v.+adv./prep.）存在于，出现在
Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.
水果天然含糖分。
occur to sb. 被想到，出现在头脑中
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
It didn’t occur to herto ask for help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
occurrence []
Cn. 发生的事情，存在的事物
a common/ everyday/ frequent/ regular occurrence
司空见惯的/每天发生的/经常发生的/定期发生的事情
Un. 发生，出现 occurrence (of sth.)
a link between the occurrence of skin cancer and the use of computer monitors
皮肤癌的发生与使用电脑显示器之间的关联
辨析：come about, happen, break out, take place, occur
come about:“发生，产生”。多指事情已经发生，但还不知道为什么会发生，常用于疑问句和否定句。
How did it come about
happen:“发生，碰巧”。常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。
take place:“发生，举办”。通常指（某事）按计划进行或发生。
break out: “发生，爆发”。常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊。
occur to: “发生，突然想到”。指偶然发生，也指计划发生某事，还表示突然想到，常用语it occurs to sb. that句式中。
3. claim []
v. 宣称，声称，断言
He claimed that he was not given a fair hearing.
他声称他未得到公正的申述机会。
I don’t claim to be an expert.
我不敢自称为专家。
Scientists are claiming a major breakthough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们宣称治疗癌症已有重大突破。
It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
据说有些医生每周工作80小时。
vt. 要求（拥有），索取，认领
A lot of property is never claimed.
许多失物从未被认领。
The family arrived in the UK in the 1990s and claimed political asylum.
这家人20世纪90年代来到英国要求政治避难。
vt. 索要，索取
He’s not entitled to lciam unemployment benefit.
他无权要求领取失业救济金。
vt. 引起注意
A most unwelcome even claimed his attention.
一件最讨厌的事情需要他去考虑。
vt. 获得，赢得，取得
She has finally claimed a place on the team.
她终于成了那个队的队员。
vt. （灾难、事故等）夺走，夺去（生命）
The car crash claimed three lives.
那次撞车事故导致三人死亡。
Cn. 声明，断言，宣称 claim (that) …
The singer has denied the magazine’s claim that she is leaving the band.
这位歌手已否认那家杂志有关她要离开乐队的说法。
n. （尤指对土地、财产等要求拥有的）所有权 claim (on/to sth.)
She has more claim to the book’s success than anybody.
她为这本书的成功立了头功。
They had no claim on the land, which was believed to be rich in oil.
他们无权索要那块据认为蕴藏有丰富石油的土地。
Cn. （尤指向公司、政府等）索款 claim (for sth.)
Make sure your claims for expenses are submitted by the end of the month.
你的费用一定要在月底以前办理报销。
claim sth. back 索回，要回
You can claim back the tax on your purchases.
你可以要求退回购物时缴纳的税款。
claim to fame 一举出名的事，成名的一件事
His main claim to fame is that he went to school with the Prime Misister.
他的出名主要是因为他曾经是首相的中学同学。
have a claim on sb. 对某人有……的要求权
lay claim to sth. 声称对……的拥有权，提出对……的所有权
make no claim （表示不能做某事）自认为不
I make no claim to understand modern art.
我自认为不懂现代艺术。
claimant [] n.要求者，索要者；（因失业等）领取救济金者
4. escape []
v. （从监禁或管制中）逃跑，逃走，逃出 escape (from sb./sth.)
Two prisoners have escaped from prison this morning.
两名犯人今天早上从监狱里逃走了。
v. （从不愉快或危险处境中）逃脱，摆脱，逃避 escape (from sth.)
She managed to escape from the burning car.
她终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
As a child he would often escape into a sream world of his own.
小时候他常常躲进自己的梦幻世界中。
They were glad to have escaped the cluthes of winter for another year.
他们很高兴又一年躲过了韩东的魔爪。
v. （不用于被动）避开，避免（不愉快或危险的事物）
She was lucky to escape punishement.
她逃脱惩罚真是幸运。
He narrowly escaped being killed.
他险些丧命。
v. （未受伤或只受了一点伤害而）逃脱，幸免于难 escape (with sth.)
I was lucky to escape with minor injuries.
我只受了一点轻伤逃出来真是万幸。
vt. 被忘掉，被忽视，未被注意
Her name escaped me.
我记不起她的名字了。
v. （气体、液体等）漏出，泄露，渗出
Put a lid on to prevent heat escaping.
盖上盖子，以免热气跑了。
v.（声音）（不自觉地）由……发出
A groan escaped her lips.
她不由得发出一声呻吟。
n. 逃跑，逃脱，逃避 escape (from sth.)
There was no hope of escape from her disastrous marriage.
她无望从不幸的婚姻中解脱出来。
Un. 逃避现实，解脱，消遣
For her travel was an escape from the boredom of her everyday life.
对她来说，旅行时是了从乏味的日常生活中暂时解脱出来。
Cn. 漏出，溢出，渗出（量）
escaped [] adj. 逃跑了的
escapee [] n.逃亡者，脱逃的动物；（尤指）逃犯
escapism [] Un. 逃避现实，解脱方法
5. bring短语
bring about 引起,致使,导致；(航海)使(帆船)改向
bring sb./sth. around 使恢复知觉,使苏醒；使改变观点等
bring back归还,使记起,使回忆,恢复；重新使用
bring sb. sth. back/bring sth. back to sb. 给……带回
bring sb. back to prep. 使恢复
bring sb./sth. before sb.(正式)将……提交讨论/审判等
bring sb./sth. down 使落下,使跌倒,使倒下,使(记录)延续到；(算术)进位；打垮,击败；降低,减少；使飞机着陆
bring sth. forth 结(果),生产,产出What will the future bring forth 将来结果怎么样？
bring sth. forward 提出(让人看见或讨论)；将(……的日期或时间)提前
bring sth./sb. in让参与,请……做；产生；获利；引进；介绍；提出(新法案)；(指警方)逮捕,将某人带到警察局讯问,(陪审团)宣判
bring sb in sth/bring in sth赚得,挣
bring sth./sb. off 救助,拯救(尤指遭遇到船难者)；经营成功；终于完成任务
bring sth./sb. on 导致(通常做坏事),引起；使发展；教导,指导,帮助(学习者)进步；促进提高,促使(作物水果等)成长；使(自己/他人)遭受……
bring sth./sb. out 使显现；说明；出版；使罢工
bring sb. over (to) 使(某人)改变,(尤指)改变思想信仰等
bring sb. through 挽救,治愈(病人)
bring sb./sth. to 使复苏They brought her to. 他们使她恢复知觉.
bring sb./sth. under 制服,控制；归纳,纳入(某一范畴)
bring sb./sth. up 教育；养育(区分：grow up)；呕吐；使注意到；(军)调到前线；审讯；使突然停止；提出(讨论等)；使显示在计算机屏幕上；调出
bring sb. up against sth.(使)面对,面临
（二）语音：停顿（Pausing）和意群（Sense-Groups）
英语和汉语一样，人们在朗读或讲话时，为了生动、清楚地表达自己的意思，或作稍微短暂的呼吸换气，将意思表达完整，往往需要在语言表述的某些地方加以停顿。
一、停顿
英语语法规定根据阅读或讲话句子长短情况，可按意群进行停顿。在同一意群的各个词之间不能停顿，而应一口气读完，以便整体意思不致中断，使人能完整地理解讲话人的意图和目的。
例如：
I did not see Mary / at the party.
Changjing is the longest river / in our country.
A child begins / to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.
注：意群和意群之间并非一定要停顿，根据情况，有些可停也可不停。
Ｉdid not see Mary at the party .
Changjing is the longest river in our country.
A child begins to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.
二、意群
意群指句子可以按照意思和语法结构分为若干段落，每一个段落就称为一个意群。它是在意思上相对完整\在语法上密切联系，不能再分的一个词组。
例如
1 .下列句子可分为两个意群：
We study hard / for our country.
There are only two windows / in that room.
2.下列句子可分为三个意群：
I will be glad / to meet you again / next year.
He said / that he would do better / in his English study. 3.
下列句子可分为四个意群：
We worked / with the workers there / and learned a lot / from them.
The forest had been green / in the summer / when we had come / into the town.
三、 意群的划分。
一般规则如下：
1. 冠词与名词划为同一意群。
There is an English novel on the bookshelf.
The film we saw last night is very interesting.
2. 形容词与名词划为一个意群。
Please pass me that red-blue pencil.
I have not enough money to buy it.
3. 系动词与表语划为一个意群。
How to go there is a problem.
To rise early is his custom.
4. 介词短语划为一个意群。
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
Keep him in the dark about the matter.
5. 动词不定式短语划为一个意群。
I refused to believe the evil rumor.
Because he is ill, he feels unable to do it to it
6. 分词短语化为一个意群。
They lived in a room facing the south.
A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.
7. 动名词短语划为一个意群。
Seeing him happy made me happy too.
Have you finished correcting the students’ papers
8. 动词及其主语或宾语划为一个意群。
We can sing a song in English
I received a letter from him after a long silence.
9. 副词与动词放在一起划为一个意群。
He has been working hard since he came here.
Now that you are a big boy, you must behave better.
10. 关系词与从句、连词与其后面部分划为一个意群。
We should strike while the iron is white hot.
Take the medicine before you go to bed.
He said that he would come to see you soon.
Do you know whose pen it is
She told a story which moved us deeply.
We should never pretend to know what we do not know.
You can go either by boat or by train.
I awoke one morning and found myself famous.
因此，朗读时一个意群不能分开读，即不能在意群中间停顿，否则，就会影响整体意思的表达和理解，出现与前面提到的与汉语一样的错误，在教学中应引起重视。
（三）阅读 (P.28)
I Reading for the main idea.
1. What is the main idea of the text
This passage mainly tells us about the places that the author has visited and her plans.
2. Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A. The brief introduction of the Mission District.
Para. 2 B. I had supper in Chinatown, and tomorrow evening I’ll go to a jazz bar in the Riuchmond District.
Para. 3 C. Something about a local museum.
Para. 4 D. I returned to San Francisco and was happy.
Para. 1 —— D Para. 2—— A Para. 3 —— C Para. 4 —— B
II Reading for the details.
Para. 1
1. When did an earthquake happen in San Francisco according to the passage
In 1906.
2. What can you see if you climb onto the old building
You can see great views of the city, the ocean and the Golden Gater Bridge.
Para. 2-3
3. True of False.
1) The Mission District is the oldest part of San Francisco. ( F )
2) California belonged to America in 1848 and many people went there to seek their fortune. ( T )
4. To make a living what did the immigrants do when they came to California ( D )
A. Found jobs on farms.
B. Joined the gold rush or buil the railway.
C. Opened up shops and restaurants.
D. All of the above.
Para. 4-5
5. How did the author find the Cantonese restaurant
It’s very good and delicious.
6. Where will the author have supper tomorrow evening
She will go to a jazz bar in the Richmond District.
III Reading for the structure.
Returning to San Francisco Feels (1) ______ to be back. San Francisco rebuilt itself after the earthquake (2) ______ in 1906. There are many (3) ______.
The Mission District One of the (4) ______ parts of the city. Many of the people living here are frm Mexico or Centre America. It used to be (5) ______, but is now a centre for art, music, and food. It is a real mix of (6) ______ here.
In a local museum America got (7) ______ from Mexico in 1848,. Gold was discovered near San Francisco in 1848. Many people came from all over the world to (8) ______. To earn a living, Chinese immigrants did many jobs.
In Chinatown There were many good (9) ______. I selected a Cantonese restaurant and had great food.
The Richmond District I can’t wait to go to (10) ______ in the Richmond District tomorrow evening.
1 good 2 occurring/happening 3 beautiful old buildings 4 oldest 5 poor 6 cultures 7 California 8 seek their fortune 9 cafes and restaurants 10 a jazz bar
（四）教材里的语法题目
1. (P. 28) I have to admit that it ______ (definite) feels good to be back in the city again.
2. (P.28) Many of the people ______ (live) here are from Mexico or Central America.
3. (P.28) In fact, an art monement ______ (call) the “Mission School” started here.
4. (P.28) Over 300, 000 people came from all over the world ______ (seek) their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city.
5. (P.28) ______ (earn) a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
6. (P.29) There were so many good cafés and restaurants to choose ______.
7. (P.29) We can better understand a passage by classifying or organizing the information in it. ______ (classify) means deciding the kind of information, e.g., dates, numbers, opinion. ______ (organize) means putting things in order, e.g., according to how old, how much, what kind. Sometimes it is a good idea ______ (draw) a diagram ______ (organize) the information in the passage.
8. (P.32) ______ (history), Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.
9. (P.32) ______ started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.
10. (P.32) but perhaps ______ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Cinatown is its food.
11. (P.32) Chinatowns allow visitors who have never been to China ______ (experience) traditional Chinese culture first hand.
12. (P.35) Welcome to the United States, one of the most ______ (culture) diverse countries in the world. Here you can visit historial attractions and learn more about the cultural ______ (attract) of different ethnic groups.
1 definitely 2 living 3 called 4 to seek 5 To earn 6 from 7 Classifying; Organizing; to draw; to organize 8 Historically 9 What 10 what 11 to experience 12 cultrually 13 attractions
（五）单元重点词组积累
make a fortune 发财
try one’s fortune 碰运气
seek one’s fortune 寻找成功之路
prepare (sth.) for sth. 为……做（……）准备
make preparations for 为……做好准备
in preparation (for sth.) （为某事物）做好准备
admit doing 承认做过某事
admit … to be +adj./n. 承认……是……
admit sb. to/into … 允许某人进入……；接收某人（为……成员）
make an admission of 承认
gain/obtain admission to … 获准进入/加入……
sth. occur to sb. 某人突然想起某事
head to （朝……）前进
head off 阻止，防止……发生
seek (for) sth. 寻找/追求某物
seek out 找出，搜出
seek to do sth. 设法做某事
earn a/one’s living 谋生
bring forward 提出（建议、想法等）
bring down 使降低，使倒下
bring out 使显现，阐明，出版
bring in 介绍，引进，赚得
bring up 抚养，培养，教育，提出，呕吐
escape from/out of 从……逃走
escape (doing) sth. （常用于被动语态）避开
escape sb. 被某人遗忘
leave … alone 别管，不打扰，让……独自呆着
leave aside 搁置，不考虑
leave behind 忘带，留下，丢弃
leave for 出发去（某地）
recommend sb. as 推荐某人为……
recommend sb. sth.=recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
depend on sb.’s doing sth. 相信/指望某人做某事
depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人供给某物
depemd on it that … 相信/指望……
give performances/ a performance (to …) （给……）表演或演奏
put on performances/ a performance 表演，演出
perform a(n) … role in … 在……中起……作用
settle in/into 安顿下来，习惯于，适应
settle down （使）安定，定居
settle down to sth. 着手认真做某事
under construction 正在建设中
a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的
vary from 与……不同，有别于
vary with 随……变化，改变
suit sth. to sth. 使某物适合于另一事物
be suitabnle for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
（六）单元重点句式积累
1. It is likely/possible/ probable that … ……是可能的
2. It occurs to/strikes/ hits sb. that … 某人突然想起来……
3. It occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想起做某事
4. It is recommended that … 建议……
5. That/ It depends. 时情况而定（常作为交际用语）
（七）语法 省略
一、什么叫省略？
语言在实际运用中，出于某种原因，句子中的某个或某几个结构或句子成分可省略不见。这种现象就叫做省略。
二、什么情况下可以使用省略？
在语言实际运用中使用省略，可以避免重复，突出关键信息，既可做到言简意赅，又可使上下文紧密连接。因此，省略在语言运用、尤其交际对话中普遍存在。这主要表现在一下三种情态：
1、为避免重复而进行的省略。
当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时，其中的第一个须保留，其余的往往省略，已达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。
2、语法上的省略。
有些成分的省略是处于语法上的原因，以使表述更为简明。
3、习惯用法上的省略。
有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，尤其是在口语中。
三、具体的省略现象
（一）简单句中的省略
1、省略主语
（1）祈使句中的主语通常被省略 如：
(You) Get out!
（2）其它省略主语多限于现成的说法 如：
(I) Thank you for your help.
(It)Doesn't matter.
2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 如：
(There is) No smoking.　
(Is there) anything else
(You come)This way please.
(Will you) Have a smoke
3、省略宾语 如：
—Do you know Mr. Li
— I don't know (him.)
4、省略表语 如：
—Are you a student
Yes, I am (student).
5、同时省略几个成分 如：
—Are you feeling better now
(I am feeling ) Much better (now).
(I wish) Good luck (to you).
（二）复合句中的省略
1、并列复合句中的省略
在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。
The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy) handed it to a policeman.
Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom angry
2、主从复合句中的省略
（1）状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：
由 when,while,as,before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;
由whether,if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句;
由though, although,even if,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;
由 as,than 等引导的比较状语从句;
由as, as if, as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则：
① 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：
连词(as, as if, once)+ 名词;
连词( though, whether, when)+形容词;
连词(whether, as if,while )+介词短语;
连词(when, while, though )+ 现在分词;
连词(when,if,even if,unless,once,until, than, as ) + 过去分词;
连词(as if,as though ) + 不定式。
Once (he was) a worker, Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.
While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao,US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。
注意：
①当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略：
Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.
②当从句的主语是 it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless,when, whenever)+形容词的结构。如：
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
（2）定语从句中的省略
① 一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that,which, whom 可以省略：
Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which, whom 不可以省略。
Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom可以省)
Tom, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill. ( whom不可以省)
②在口语和非正式用语中，关系副词when, where, 和 why 经常用that 来代替，甚至还可省略：
This is the first time (when/that) he had trouble with the boss.
He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week” holiday.
Could you tell us the reason (why/that) he was so unhappy
③当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时，从句不能用 how 来引导 ，应该用that 或 in which，或将它们全部省略。
I don't like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
（3）宾语从句中的省略
①在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句 ，那么只有第一个that可以省略：
I think (that) the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary.
He said (that) the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order
②由 which, when,where, how,和 why 引导的 宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略：
I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city).
He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)
（4）在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。如：
Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms.
（5）主句省略多用于句首。如：
(It is a) Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.
（6）在答语中，主句可全部省略。如：
—Why were you absent from school last Friday
— (I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill.
（三）动词不定式符号to的省略情况
1、保留不定式符号to，省略后面的动词。
（1）不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, try, manage等。
— You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
You can do it this way if you like to.
（2）不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，这些动词常见的有：ask, tell,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit, forbid,expect, order,warn 等。
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
She wants to come but her parents won't allow her to (come).　
（3）不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见的形容词有：happy, glad,eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。
— I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat 　
— Not at all.I would be happy to (look after your cat).　
（4）不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。
He doesn't like fish but he used to
2、省略动词不定式符号to。
（1）主语或主语的修饰语中含有实义动词do的某种变形（do, does, did, doing, done）时，作表语的不定式通常省去to。
The only thing we can do is wait.
All the we can do is wait.
（2）作介词but,expect,besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to.
He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.
（3）当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。
It is easier to say than to do.
（5）在would rather…than… 等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略.
I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.
（6）在see,watch,notice,hear, listen to,look at,feel,have, make, let,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why (not) do 结构 中, 不定式不带to。
I saw her enter the room.
Why not join us
（四）其他一些省略结构
1、名词所有格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。
We spent the weekend at the Mary's.　
He is going to the doctor’s.
2、What和 how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语 it 和be动词 如：
What a wonderful present (it is) for her!
How wonderful weather (it is) today to have a picnic.
（八）写作：介绍你的城市或城镇
假定你是李华，你家住在一个海滨城市，你的美国朋友Carl想了解你居住的城市。请你给他写封邮件。内容包括：
1、旅游胜地；
2、城市建设；
3、邀请他来旅游。
注意：
1、词数80左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【写作提示】
本单元的写作话题为：介绍你所在的城市或城镇。同学们在学习本单元时需要积累相关的话题词汇和表达方式。
在进行这篇应用文写作时要注意以下几点：
1、明确写作目的：
写一篇介绍你所在城市的邮件，主要介绍你所在城市的地理位置及特点；
2、审清要点内容：
要审清要点内容，并用正确的英语短语写出要点；
3、使用亮点句式：
要注意把要点放在亮点句式中，使语言得体、句式丰富。
4、连接要点信息：
要使用恰当的衔接词来连接各要点信息，使上下文连贯流畅、逻辑严谨。
Dear Carl,
I’m glad that you are interested in my city. It lies on the coast, and is a tourist attraction, which attracts a large number of tourists every year, especially during summer. The most popular places are the bathing beaches. Everyone always has a good time here.
My city has developed quickly in recent years. Many huge apartment blocks have been built, greatly improving living conditions. Several modern business districts have been competed. High-rise buildings can be seen everywhere. I would be very honoured if you pay a visit to my city.
Yours,
Li Hua
高中英语(2019版）必修第三册 词句基础练习
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
一、英译汉（共10小题；单词每个1分，满分10分）
根据句意写出划线单词的汉语意思。
1. There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education.
2. Investors are starting to wonder how long their good fortune can last.
3. She has a hamburger and a bag of chips.
4. The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.
5. Building old and new are thickly covered with graffiti.
6. You must place these events in their historical background.
7. Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.
8. Our proposal tried to accommnodate the special needs of minority groups.
9. I wanted to buy a model of the Eiffel Tower as a souvenir of Paris, but it was out of stock.
10. He filled a bag with a few changes of clothes.
1 多样性 2 运气3 炸薯条 4 种族的 5 涂鸦 6 历史的 7 移民 8 少数人 9 纪念品10 衣服
二、单词拼写（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
根据汉语或首字母提示填出本单元所学单词。
1. I have spent my life getting to know ______ (多种多样的) literatures of different times.
2. All our results are published in scientific ______ (期刊).
3. They were served plenty of ______ (奶酪) and fruit.
4. When exactly did the incident o______
5. There was heavy traffic in the d______ area last night.
6. Yersterday after I got off work, I drove around the business ______ (区域).
7. ______ (后来) she was sorry for what she’d said.
8. I must forget these side issues and remember my m______.
9. He wore old j______ and a pair of sneakers.
10. You will have to kill these uneanted plants with p______.
11. She was proud of being the first woman to fly the ______ (大西洋).
12. A high ______ (百分率) of the female staff are part-time workers.
13. You’ll soon get used to the ______ (气候) here.
14. She’s collectin gm______ for her latest novel.
15. I’m going go Greece in the summer so I’ve got to be ______ (格外) slim.
1 diverse 2 journals 3 cheese 4 occur 5 downtown 6 district 7 Afterwards 8 mission 9 jeans 10 poison 11 Atlantic 12 percentage 13 climate 14 material 15 super
三、单句语法填空 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Setting a deadline for each task can ______ (definite) help improve your efficiency.
2. Yesterday the problem ______ (settle) to the satisfaction of the customers.
3. The company’s ______ (finance) problems were only a temporary reversal.
4. I don’t think this coat really ______ (suit) me.
5. He donated his entire ______ (collection) to the museum.
6. No money can be spent on the ______ (construct) and operation of the shopping mall.
7. These ______ (item) are just for show— they’re not for sale.
8. It was not his way ______ (admit) that he had made a mistake.
9. We are nothing more than a group of kids ______ (seek) excitement and challenge.
10. His career began when he ______ (select) to help the teachers in the computer laboratories.
11. It involves what happened tohim after ______ (escape) from a North Vietnamese prison during the war.
12. Ray changed his mind, ______ (claim) that he had been forced into confessing.
13. He folded his paper ______ (neat) and sipped his coffee.
14. My mom took off my wet ______ (boot) and made me sit by the fire.
15. If ______ (hear), water can be turned into vapour (蒸汽).
1 definitely 2 was settled 3 financial 4 suits 5 collections 6 construction 7 items 8 to admit 9 seeking 10 was selected 11 escaping 12 claiming 13 neatly 14 boots 15 heated
四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
用方框内短语的适当形式填空，有两项为多余选项。
fortune cookie head to all over the world seek one’s fortune earn a living a series of open up apart from bring about to name but a few at first hand in fact
1. He ____________ the bathroom to wash up.
2. If I could get the ____________ I wanted, it would say: No more injuries.
3. The famous singer once ____________ by singing in nightclubs.
4. A bright boy left his family, going to New York to ____________.
5. What other sports do you like ____________ football
6. The novel is constructed from ____________ on-the-spot (现场的) reports.
7. It is wedely accepted that high social status cannot ____________ happiness.
8. Activities available include squash, archery and swimming, ____________.
9. This discovery has ____________ a whole new field of research.
10. He stayed there to experience country life ____________.
1 headed ot 2 fortune cookie 3 earned a living 4 seek his fortune 5 apart from 6 a series of 7 bring about 8 to name but a few 9 opened up 10 at first hand
五、完成句子（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）
1. 现在年轻人的机会比过去多得多。
There are far more opportunities for young people ________________________________.
2. 这家公司总部设在纽约，分公司遍及全世界。
The company has its base in New York, and ________________________________.
3. 另一方面，交通事故使他失去了工作，降低了他谋生的能力。
On the other hand, the traffic accident kept him out of work and ________________________________.
4. 岛民的出行条件大大改善，岛上有一座桥与大陆相连。
The conditions for the islanders to go out have been greatly improved and ________________________________.
5. 我们学校的每间课室将来都会配备平板电脑，这对我们来说是多么大的好消息啊！
Our school will be equipped with iPad in every classroom. ________________________________ for us!
1 than there used to be
2 branch offices all over the world
3 decreased his ability to earn a living
4 the island is joined to the mainland by a bridge
5 What a great piece of news
高中英语（2019版） 必修第三册 语法基础巩固练习
Unit 3 省略
I 单句语法填空
1. Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
2. Her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still hoped ______.
3. One day, he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crops a few inches. He did ______ the nest day.
4. The numbers were smaller than ______ (expect).
5. He opened his lips as if ______ (speak).
1 compared 2 to 3 so 4 expected 5 to speak
II 将下列省略句还原，并注意各自的特点。
1. My father planned and built all these houses.
My father planned __________________ and __________________ built all these houses.
2. The picture we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
The picture __________________we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
3. If heated, water will boil.
If __________________, water will boil.
4. Bill was attacked by a snake while swimming across the river.
Bill was attacked by a snake while __________________ swimming across the river.
5. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to __________________.
1 all these houses; my father 2 that 3 water is 4 he was 5 play football in the street