人教版（2019）必修第一册：Welcome Unit 语法课件（35张ppt）

(共35张PPT)
人教版必修第一册
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure
——Sentence Structures
Welcome Unit
1. 句子的基本成分：
Analyse basic sentence structures
S (subject) V (verb) O (object) P (predicative) A (adverbial)
DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) C (object complement)
2. 本节课将要学习的基本句型：
S+V,
S+V+O,
SV+IO+DO,
S+V+O+OC,
Basic knowledge
What may a sentence have
主语(Subject)
表示句子所说的是
“什么人”或“什么事物”
即动作的发出者
Gina is from Australia.
She often goes to the movies.
Three is enough.
Doing the work is hard for him.
To see is to believe.
What he needs is a book.
-名词
-代词
-数词
-动名词
-不定式
-主语从句
3 (1)
谓语(V)
说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，谓语通常是动词。（ vt. 及物动词 /
vi. 不及物动词）
主谓要一致
Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. We all 4. He flies.
rose.
eat, and drink.
stands up.
3 (2)
Ｓ Ｖ（实义动词） Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
宾语（O）
指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句充当，放在及物动词或者介词之后。
Can I ask some questions
He is looking at the dog.
3 (3)
He gave me two books.
Tom teaches us English.
直接宾语
Direct Object
间接宾语
Indirect Object
人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语
双宾语
是谓语动词的承受对象，多指物。
是动作是对谁做的,多指人。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） IO（多指人） DO（多指物）
1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her his sister you her him him me a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
用来补充说明宾语的情况。去掉后句子不完整。
“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。
宾语补足语
object complement
We elected him our monitor.
He asked her to take the boy out of school.
What's the difference between direct and indirect object and object complement
3 (6)
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） Ｃ（宾补）
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
简单句基本句型
主谓：主语+谓语(SV)。谓语一般是不及物动词。
eg All of us laughed!
主谓宾：主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)。谓语是及物动词。
eg I miss my grandma.
Spring comes.
Linda smiled.
Farmers grow vegetables.
Jeff loves swimming.
主谓宾宾：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SV IO DO)。谓语是可跟双宾语的及物动词。
e.g. He told us a funny story.
Alex gave his sister the piano.
Her father bought her a bike .
主谓宾宾补：主语+谓语+宾语+补语(SVOC)。谓语是可跟复合宾语的及物动词。
e.g. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
I found the book easy.
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
Exercise 1
Let’s match.
S+V
2. S+ V + O
3.S+ V + IO+ DO
4. S+ V + O+C
I miss my grandma.
All of us laughed!
He told us a funny story.
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
1、Everybody smiled. 2、The car caught fire. 3、He bought his wife a dress. 4、Roy found his new job rather boring.
Exercise 2 判断下列句子结构类型。（ ）
SV
SVO
SV IO DO
SVOC
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells him what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There's always something exciting to do. And, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much fun when you are at sea!
S+V
S+V+Ad
S+V+O
S+V+IO+DO
There be ...
S+V+P
2. Read and analyse the structure
Homework
Practice makes perfect!
Try to put what you have learnt into use.
继续完成该题并思考英文中是否有其他的句子成分和固定的句子结构？
如果有，有哪些？
Welcome Unit
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
Welcome Unit
welcome unit
Discovering Useful Structures
1、Learn to analyze the structure of the sentences from the text,such as Predicative，Adverbial，adjective.
2、Master the four sentence patterns learned in this lesson.
Difficult and key point:
Master the four sentence patterns.
复习句子成分与结构
2.Which sentence structures do you know
（结合上节课所学内容）
1.In English, there are sentence elements,This
is 、 、 、 、 、 、 .
主语 谓语 宾语 表语 状语 定语 补语
说明主语“是什么”, “怎么样” 位于系动词之后。
表 语 predicative
Her mother is a teacher.
The food tastes delicious.
What's the difference between predictive and object
3 (4)
状态 be The doctor are very patient.
持续 keep, remain, stay, He always kept silent.
像 seem, appear, look He seems (to be) very sad.
感官 feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels very soft.
变化 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come She grew rich within a short time.
The apples soon go bad in hot weather.
终止 prove, turn out His plan turned out a success.
连系动词（Link-verb）
3 (5)
Ｓ Ｖ（是系动词） Ｐ(表语)
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻) fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary.
good.
happy.
different.
tall and strong.
interesting.
warmer.
red.
一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或从句等充当。
修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。
状 语
Adverbial
The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.
He sat there quietly.
3 (7)
目的状语
(数词)
(现在分词)
(过去分词)
定语（adjective）
(形容词)
(名词)
(句子)
(代词)
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前– 前置定语
短语，句子一般放在所修饰词后– 后置定语
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
3 (8)
主系表：主语+连系动词+表语(SP)。
eg The teacher was kind and friendly.
There be：There +be +主语+其它。有某物（某人）在某个地方。主语是其后的名词，be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。除be外，sound, look, seem, appear, lie, stand等，也可用于此结构。
eg .There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
They are friends.
You look very young.
There is a book on the table.
There are two boys and a girl under the tree.
在There be句型中，be的单复数与靠近的名词的单复数保持一致。（就近原则）
e.g. (1)There a chair, two desks and a bed in the room.
(2)There two desks, a chair and a bed in the room.
is
are
由SV和SVO扩展：
主谓状：主语+谓语+状语(SVA)。谓语为不及物动词。
e.g. He talked too much.
判断
1、He runs quickly.（ ）
2、The moon rose.（ ）
3、I go there. （ ）
主谓宾状：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)。
e.g. I had my first maths class at senior high
school.
1、He put the coffee on the table.（ ）
2、I listened to her story carefully.（ ）
√
√
√
√
√
【语境应用】判断句子结构类型。
1、 Did the milk turn sour
2、Your brother got up at 10 o’clock.
3、 I haven’t seen Daniel for long.
4、Are there any gardens in the town
SP
SVA
SVOA
there be
Use
Exercise1
Let’s match.
1. S+P
2. S+ V+ A
3. S+ V+ O+ A
4. There +be
There’s a lot to explore at senior high.
I had my first maths class at senior high school.
The teacher was kind and friendly.
He talked too much.
Exercise 2
Read the sentences and analyze the structures
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of
the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths homework looks easy.
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary
SVA
SV
SP
SVOC
SVIODO
Exercise 3
6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new
exchange student.
7. There is an English Corner at our school.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
SVOA
look forward to期待；盼望。to为介词其后可接名词、代词或v-ing作宾语。Looking farward to....常用于邮件以及书信等的结尾，表达某种期待。
SVO
There be结构
句子成分：
一、主语
二、谓语
三、宾语
四、表语
五、状语
六、补语
七、直接宾语
八、间接宾语
基本句型：
一、主谓 SV
二、主（系）表 SP
三、主谓宾 SVO
四、主谓宾宾 SVOO
五、主谓宾补 SVOC
六、主谓状 SVA
七、主谓宾状 SVOA
八、There be结构
Homework
Study the sentence structure 说出下列句子属于哪种句子结构。
All of us laughed.
I miss my grandma.
Mr. Zhou is a kind and humourous teacher.
He told us a funny story.
I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
He talked too much.
I had my first maths class in senior high school.
There's a lot to explore in senior high.
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+O+OC
S+V+A
S+V+O+A
There be...
Thank you