人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet练习 （含解析）

Unit 3 The Internet
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2021·广州市综合练习)
In today's world, we find ourselves communicating more and more through online channels. Messaging and social media services are often used at the 1.D of face-to-face dialogue. There are certain situations where online communication is 2.B , but in other situations we choose virtual conversation over real-life conversation. This begs the 3.A : is online communication 4.C in today's world
There are unquestionably many advantages with online communication. One of the main arguments in its 5.B is that it lets us communicate with people in different places around the globe. This has considerable benefits in the workplace as 6.C can take place via videoconferencing without the need for 7.A ， tiring and expensive business trips. 8.D , it lets long-distance families and friends keep in touch easily. Another point is that written online communication lets us respond either 9.B or at a time that suits us, allowing us to 10.C and polish our message.
On the other hand, there are several significant 11.A to overreliance on online communication. Some experts are 12.D that a lack of face-to-face interaction 13.B the development of social skills such as empathizing and reacting to situations in 14.D life. Also, the very nature of conversation is 15.C in the virtual world. If short messages decorated with emoticons (表情符号) 16.B longer stretches of direct conversation with 17.A expressed in real faces, we're running the risk of 18.C the art of real conversation.
19.D , I believe that online communication brings an overall advantage in today's fast-paced, globalized society. However, we shouldn't 20.A the benefits of face-to-face dialogue.
文章大意：在当今世界，我们越来越多地通过线上渠道交流，导致面对面的交流少了许多。作者就网上交流的利弊进行了分析，并发表了自己的见解。
1．A.beginning　　　　　　　 B．risk
C．request 　　 D．expense
解析：根据前一句中的“we find ourselves communicating more and more through online channels”可推知，我们越来越多地通过线上渠道交流，导致面对面的交流少了许多。at the expense of意为“以……为代价”符合语境。
2．A.unnecessary　　 B．unavoidable
C．challenging 　　 D．meaningful
解析：根据语境可知，在某些情况下网上交流是不可避免的，但是在其他情况下我们更喜欢选择虚拟的而不是现实的交谈。B项意为“不可避免的”。
3．A.question 　　 B．conclusion
C．idea 　　 D．consequence
解析：根据空后的问句可推知，这是一个问题。beg the question“引出问题”。
4．A.understandable 　　 B．incredible
C．preferable 　　 D．possible
解析：根据上句中的“but in other situations we choose virtual conversation over real-life conversation”可推知，我们偏好网上交流。C项意为“更可取”，符合语境。
5．A.opinion 　　 B．favour
C．presence　　 D．condition
解析：根据上句中的“many advantages”可推知，此处陈述的是网上交流的好处，故B项“赞同，支持”符合语境。
6．A.payments 　 B．incidents
C．meetings　　 D．classes
解析：根据空前的“workplace”及空后的“videoconferencing”可知，空处指的是职场中的会议。A项“款额，款项”不符合语境。
7．A.time-consuming 　　 B．heartbreaking
C．user-friendly　　 D．cost-effective
解析：根据空后的“tiring and expensive business trips”可知，视频会议省去了现实中耗时的、累人的且花费大的出差。A项意为“耗时的”；C项意为“易于掌握的”；D项意为“划算的”。
8．A.Gradually　　 B．Consequently
C．Otherwise 　　 D．Furthermore
解析：根据空前和空后表述的网上交流的好处可推知，空处前后为递进关系，故选D。
9．A.earlier　　 B．immediately
C．frequently 　　 D．conventionally
解析：根据语境并结合现实可知，书面的网上交流可以让我们选择立即回应或者在适合的时间回应。conventionally“照惯例”。
10．A.delete　　 B．copy
C．edit 　　 D．send
解析：根据空后的“polish”可知，此处表示编辑信息。
11．A.drawbacks 　　 B．puzzles
C．improvements 　　 D．changes
解析：根据空前的“On the other hand”并结合下文内容可推知，此处表示过度依赖网上交流有几个明显的缺点，与上文介绍的网上交流的优点形成对比。A项意为“缺点，不利条件”。
12．A.annoyed 　　 B．curious
C．confident　　 D．concerned
解析：根据该句中的“a lack of face-to-face interaction”并结合语境可推知，一些专家担心缺乏面对面的交流会减缓社交技能的发展。
13．A.crosses out　　 B．slows down
C．turns up　　 D．gets over
解析：参见上题解析。cross out“删去”；get over“解决，克服，控制”。
14．A.work 　　 B．spare
C．local 　　 D．real
解析：根据空前的“social skills”可知，此处表示在现实生活中。
15．A.important 　 B．practical
C．different 　　 D．attractive
解析：此外，在虚拟世界中，交谈的本质是有差异的。
16．A.remove 　　 B．replace
C．release 　　 D．revise
解析：如果带有表情符号的短信代替了带有真实面部表达的情感的较长时间的直接对话，我们就正在冒着失去真正的交谈技能的风险。
17．A.emotions 　　 B．concepts
C．wishes 　　 D．doubts
解析：参见上题解析。
18．A.denying 　　 B．misunderstanding
C．losing 　　 D．missing
解析：参见第16题解析。
19．A.After all 　　 B．By the way
C．On the contrary 　　 D．On balance
解析：本空位于最后一段的段首，又结合本段的内容可知，该空有总结的含义。D项意为“总的来说”符合语境。
20．A.overlook 　　 B．emphasize
C．preserve 　　 D．destroy
解析：根据该句中的“However”和语境可知，在当今快节奏、全球化的社会中，网上交流带来了整体优势，但是我们不应该忽略面对面的对话的好处。A项意为“忽略”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2020·成都市高中毕业班三诊)
Over 2.5 quintillion (1018) bytes of data are created each day. Many of them consist of information that would allow people to be personally identified.
At the same time that we share our personal information, there is a growing concern with how that information is being gathered, stored, used and shared. While many economies like Canada and the EU have privacy laws dating back to the mid-1990s, changes to data practices in the past five years have motivated governments to review or update existing laws.
Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use. For instance, earlier this year, the World Economic Forum found that 1/3 of global citizens have no idea about how their personal information is used and that trust is lacking.
Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the under-regulated or unregulated data economy. The EU has introduced big reform to laws which are aimed at protecting privacy. The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) introduced strict requirements for those that control or process the personal data of the people who live in the EU. The GDPR's stated goals focus on the protection and basic rights of personal information. Certain US states are also entering the group in the fight for control over personal data. They have passed or are actively considering privacy laws. California is out front. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides greater control to individuals over their personal information. There is a sense that privacy laws are on the horizon in the US.
These are two examples that are actively pursuing more progressive privacy laws. One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices. This will ease compliance (遵从) across the border and provide a valuable signal to the public that governments are keeping pace with rapid change.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了公众对不受限制地积累和使用个人数据日益感到担忧，这推动了隐私法的变化，欧盟和美国的一些州为此颁布了法律条例。
1．What's the cause of the change of privacy laws？ B
A． A growing need for information.
B．Public concerns over data security.
C．General awareness of data control.
D．Collection of personal information.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use.”可知，隐私法变化的原因是公众对个人数据安全的担忧。故B项正确。
2．How does Paragraph 4 develop？ A
A．By giving examples.
B．By listing statistics.
C．By analyzing reasons.
D．By making comparisons.
解析：写作手法题。根据第四段的第一句可知，隐私法正在改变以解决实际的和被注意到的损害风险，该段接着又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子来说明第一句表述的内容。故A项正确。
3．What is an important consideration for global law makers？ C
A. The practice of laws in different fields.
B．The reflection of reality in different eras.
C．The consistency of laws in different regions.
D．The adaptation to changes in different societies.
解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices.”可知，一个重要的考虑因素是为了最佳的法律实践而统一全球标准，即不同地区法律的一致性。故C项正确。
4．What is the passage mainly about？ C
A．EU passes new laws for privacy protection.
B．Governments ignore the violation of personal privacy.
C．Privacy laws are changing to protect personal information.
D．People lack the awareness of personal information protection.
解析：文章大意题。本文主要介绍了公众对不受限制地积累和使用数据的担忧推动了隐私法的改变，又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子。故C项正确。
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
(2020·山东省、海南省新高考模拟)
The Hotel Wake-up Call Gets Personal
Here's a wake-up call: The hotel front desk will do one better than ringing your phone in the morning. They’ll send an actual human being to your room. Don't worry. They won't come in and kiss you good morning. 1.A
Never mind that most travelers nowadays have smart phones with built-in alarm clocks. 2.F Here are some examples. At the Wolcott Hotel, if a wake-up call is unanswered, they will send an employee to your door. At Las Ventanas al Paraiso, an employee shows up at your room to wake you up with tea, coffee and breakfast bread. At the Mandarin Oriental, a person rather than an automated system will call to wake you up. 3.B
Hotels have always taken the wake-up call seriously. 4.C If you don't get your call within five minutes of the requested time, you won’t have to pay for your room. Travelers, too, still want to have an option of a wake-up call. A study of 285 guests at Crown Plaza found that 53% considered a wake-up call very important.
5.D In the late 1980s, hotels turned to automated systems. Then all you'd get was ring and silence. In the ever-competitive race for loyal customers, however, many hotels are now getting creative with the wake-up call. Some hotels even have recordings of celebrity voices. And more hotels will go back to the old in-person system of wake up calls.
A．But they might bring you coffee.
B．If you don' t answer, you'll get a wake-up knock.
C．Crown Plaza, for instance, has a wake-up call guarantee.
D．But the wake-up call became less personal over the years.
E．The hotel gets 15 to 30 requests for wake-up calls each day.
F．The human wake-up call is a way to personalize a guest's stay.
G．Some guests sleep through the call, while others turn their phone ringers off.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了旅馆的叫醒服务越来越个性化。
解析：
1. 根据上句“They won't come in and kiss you good morning. ”可知， A选项But they might bring you coffee.符合文意。
2．根据后文三个宾馆的例子可知，他们会派人去叫醒客户，即给顾客提供个性化服务。对应F选项personalize。故F选项符合文意。
3. 根据上句“a person rather than an automated system will call to wake you up.”可知是人而不是自动系统会给你打电话叫醒你。和B选项的句意“如果你不会接电话，就会有人去敲门叫醒你”相符合。
4. 过渡句。根据本段的中心句“Hotels have always taken the wake-up call seriously.”可知，旅馆一直把叫醒客户这件事看得很重；和空后一句话“If you don't get your call within five minutes of the requested time, you won't have to pay for your room.”如果没被叫醒，你可以不用支付房费可知，C项“Crown Plaza, for instance, has a wake-up call guarantee.”例如Crown Plaza旅馆有一个叫醒服务保证。故C项符合文意。
5. 根据后两句“In the late 1980s, hotels turned to automated systems. Then all you'd get was a ring and silence.”可知，20世纪80年代末，酒店转向了自动化系统。对应D项中的“the wake-up call became less personal”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Twenty-five years ago, most young British people wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or to take up singing. But today, things stand 1.differently (different)．
According to a recent survey, the “dream job” of young people 2.aged (age) between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger (视频博主)”. The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that over 40% of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of dream 3.careers (career)．
The change is largely due to the rapid development of information technology (IT). The Internet and social media have made it 4.easier (easy) and more convenient to reach a global audience, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way.
“In the past, the biggest stars 5.were made (make) by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera may become a star，” said Phil Samuels, 6.an expert from UK. “From fashion to comedy, these self-made stars interact online with their fans about everyday life.”
However, what people see 7.is (be) only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact 8.that only those who are successful can gain fame and fortune. Actually, 9.for every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block. This is why some young people still show 10.preference (prefer) for traditional jobs.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。如今，随着信息技术的发展，年轻人最理想的职业是“网红”。其实，他们忽视了这样一个事实：在“网红”成功的背后，更多的是没有成功的人。
解析：
1．考查副词。空处修饰动词“stand”，故用副词形式。
2．考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，动词age和其逻辑主语“young people”之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。
3．考查名词的数。career为可数名词，且结合该句中的“a list of”可知，此处表示多种职业，故用career的复数形式careers。
4．考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and more convenient”可知，空处与之并列，也用比较级。
5．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“In the past”可知，此处描述发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时；根据该句中的“by the Hollywood studios”可知，该句主语“the biggest stars”和动词make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且主语为复数形式，故用were made。
6．考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一位来自英国的专家”，故用不定冠词；且expert的发音以元音音素开头。故用an。
7．考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为“what people see”是what引导的主语从句，故谓语动词用单数；该句意为：然而，人们所看到的仅是视频博主光鲜的一面，忽视了只有成功者才能得到名气和财富这一事实。根据句意可知，该句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
8．考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，说明抽象名词“fact”的具体内容，故用that引导该同位语从句。
9．考查介词。实际上，对于每个成功而言，有上百名其他人还没有起步。根据语境可知，此处应用介词for“对……来说”。
10．考查名词。分析该句结构可知，空处作及物动词show的宾语，故用名词形式。该句意为：这就是一些年轻人仍然喜欢传统工作的原因。