人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions B卷·提升能力（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions B卷·提升能力（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 38.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-02-26 23:12:06 | ||
图片预览
内容文字预览
Unit 4 History and Traditions
（B卷·提升能力）
（时间：100分钟，满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·山西太原·高一期末） Iceland is Europe's westemmost country,with the world's most northerly capital city. Reykjavik. Iceland has a population of about 340,000, spreading over more than 100,000 square kilometers. Despite its small size, there are many reasons to visit this amazing country.
City of Culture
Most visitors' first destination is Reykjavik, a small and clean city known for its colorful and stylish buildings. The city's downtown area is lined with shops, art galleries,cafes and bookstores. In 2000, Reykjavik was awarded the title of Europe's City of Culture, thanks to its art museums for true art lovers.
Hot Springs
Iceland has a number of hot springs around the island. All are heated naturally by underground volcanic activity. In fact, this energy is tumed into electricity, which powers and heats people's homes and businesses. As a result, Iceland burns very little fossil fuel, such as oil and gas. Iceland has some of the cleanest air in the world.
Caves and Monsters
In Iceland, one of the most popular outdoor activities to enjoy is caving. Exploring Iceland's special lava caves or ice caves is challenging and requires special clothes and hiking tools. The best-known ice caves are in Vatnaj kull, which, at 8,000 square kilometers, is Europe's largest ice cave. Outside the town of Reykjavik, the huge rocks were once believed to be monsters. These are dramatic scenery on a magnificent black-sand beach.
The Golden Circle
No trip to Ieeland would be complete without a visit to the Golden Circle, which connects Gullfoss, the hot springs region of Geysir, and Thingvellir National Park. The Mid-Atlantic Fault that runs through Iceland is literally pulling the island apart. No place is more obvious than Thingvellir Valley, where the land is actually separating and the stony ground frequently changes.
1．What made Reykjavik win the name of Europe's City of Culture
A．Its typical art museums. B．Its creative buildings.
C．Its special ice caving. D．Its dramatic scenery.
2．What contributes to Iceland's cleanest air according to the text
A．Its geographical feature. B．The less need for electricity.
C．Plenty of fossil fuel. D．The use of volcanic energy
3．Which part of the Mid-Atlantic Fault can be most easily seen
A．Gullfoss. B．Vatnaj kull.
C．Geysir. D．Thingvellir Valley.
B
（2022·山东济南·高一期末） If you have lived in New York City for many years, like I have, the skyline becomes part of you and your daily life.
When I was invited to visit the recently completed Summit One Vanderbilt, New York’s fourth-highest tower, I wasn’t expecting much. I felt like I’d seen it all and I thought that this observation deck（观测台）would be another space for a view of the city, but nothing else.
Let me tell you something: I have never seen one like this before. It sits on top of a building on 42nd street and Vanderbilt, right next to Grand Central Station. Once you have ascended to the top floor, you step into air, which makes you feel like being at lf000 feet above ground level with its mirrored floors. Once you make your way throughout the space, you feel like New York is part of a body, and your sense of space is challenged by the reflections of the light. The reflections create endless possibilities for photos and videos, and the light changes throughout the day. I took out my camera and began to take photos, feeling a connection with the city that no other observatory has been able to give me.
Summit is something unique, an art work with architecture. It will be an observatory that will change with the city. I personally can’t wait to take photos at sunset, or when winter arrives.
4．How did the author feel when invited to visit Summit One Vanderbilt
A．Curious. B．Happy. C．Amazed. D．Uninterested.
5．What does the underlined word “ascended” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Risen. B．Turned. C．Referred. D．Adapted.
6．What can be learned about Summit One Vanderbilt
A．It is the only tower in New York.
B．It lies far from Grand Central Station.
C．It provides a good place for taking photos.
D．It is exactly 1, 000 feet high from the ground.
7．What’s the purpose of the text
A．To stress a point. B．To introduce a site.
C．To raise awareness. D．To promote tourism.
C
（2021·上海市延安中学高一期末）Forks trace their origins back to the ancient Greeks. Forks at that time were fairly large with two tines that aided in the carving of meat in the kitchen. The tines prevented meat from twisting or moving during carving and allowed food to slide off more easily than it would with a knife.
By the 7th century A．D．, royal courts of the Middle East began to use forks at the table for dining. From the 10th through the 13th centuries, forks were fairly common among the wealthy in Byzantium. In the 11th century, a Byzantine wife brought forks to Italy; however, they were not widely adopted there until the 16th century. Then in 1533, forks were brought from Italy to France. The French were also slow to accept forks, for using them was thought to be awkward.
In 1608, forks were brought to England by Thomas Coryate, who saw them during his travels in Italy. The English first ridiculed forks as being unnecessary. “Why should a person need a fork when God had given him hands ” they asked. Slowly, however, forks came to be adopted by the wealthy as a symbol of their social status. They were prized possessions made of expensive materials intended to impress guests. By the mid-1600s, eating with forks was considered fashionable among the wealthy British.
Early table forks were modeled after kitchen forks, but small pieces of food often fell through the two tines or slipped off easily. In late 17th century France, larger forks with four curved tines were developed. The additional tines made diners less likely to drop food, and the curved tines served as a scoop so people did not have to constantly switch to a spoon while eating. By the early 19th century, four-tined forks had also been developed in Germany and England and slowly began to spread to America.
8．What is the passage mainly about
A．The different designs of forks.
B．The spread of fork-aided cooking.
C．The history of using forks for dining.
D．The development of fork-related table manners.
9．By which route did the use of forks spread
A．Middle EastGreeceEnglandItalyFrance
B．GreeceMiddle EastItalyFranceEngland
C．GreeceMiddle EastFranceItalyGermany
D．Middle EastFranceEnglandItalyGermany
10．How did forks become popular in England
A．Wealthy British were impressed by the design of forks.
B．Wealthy British thought it awkward to use their hands to eat.
C．Wealthy British gave special forks to the nobles as luxurious gifts.
D．Wealthy British considered dining with forks a sign of social status.
11．Why were forks made into a curved shape
A．They could be used to scoop food as well.
B．They looked more fashionable in this way.
C．They were designed in this way for export to the US.
D．They ensured the meat would not twist while being cut.
D
（2022·辽宁大连·高一期末）The sun rises over the Cordillera mountain ranges in the Philippines, lighting up the beautiful terraced rice fields. Rows of terraces（梯田）wrap around the mountainsides from the ground to the very mountaintops, as far as the eye can see. Built with stone walls at least 1, 000 years old, possibly 2, 000 years，they are maintained by the ancient tradition and the lifestyle of the local Ifugao people. But life here is changing，and with it comes threats（威胁）to this World Heritage（遗产）Site.
Young people are influenced by modern media and no longer want to work such long hours. More educational opportunities mean that many choose to make a life outside of the villages and rice fields. Roads are being built, allowing trucks bearing agricultural goods and buses bringing more tourists to and fro. More tourists mean the need for more water and food, and the production of more waste and pollution. Ugly tall buildings, rather than beautiful traditional wooden homes，spring up in some villages.
Can these changes be managed so that the terraces continue to produce rice, and remain a beautiful part of our world heritage？Jimmy Padchanan, an official of the village of Mayoyao, said in an interview, “We are combining the old societies with the new，while maintaining many of our values.” He and the local people were confident that they would keep the best of the new and the strength of the past to protect the terraces, which are deseribed as “a living cultural landscape of breathtaking beauty”.
12．What do we know about the Cordillera terraces from the first paragraph
A．They are often lit up at night.
B．They are covered with various crops.
C．They are built at the foot of the mountain.
D．They are maintained in old ways.
13．What does the underlined “it” refer to
A．The changing life.
B．The maintenance of terraces.
C．The ancient tradition.
D．The lifestyle of local people.
14．Which problem are the Cordillera terraces facing nowadays
A．Media pay too much attention.
B．Many youths left the area.
C．Tourists cause safety concerns.
D．Agricultural land is largely taken up.
15．According to the text, what will the local people do in the future
A．Stop the modernization of the region.
B．Open our mind to new ideas.
C．Have a mix of old and new.
D．Involve more development in the area.
第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·浙江嘉兴·高一期末） Many people today think of the pyramids of Giza as the symbol of ancient Egyptian culture. But who actually built them For years, we did not know for sure. Now, however, archaeologists have discovered an ancient city near the pyramids. Close by, there is a cemetery (墓地) where the pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archaeologists are sure that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.16．
It took about 80 years to build the pyramids. Archaeologists believe that about 20,000-30,000 people took part in the construction. 17． Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked on different teams, each with its own name. Workers often competed to see whose team could do a job faster.
“We can see that in their skeletons(骨骼),” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bones found in the cemetery. According to her research, the bones show signs of arthritis (关节炎)．18． Archaeologists have also found many female skeletons in the ancient city and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men.19． Male workers generally lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also received medical care if they got sick or hurt.
20． On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. “It's because they were not just building the tomb of their king,” says Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a part.”
A．It still remains a mystery.
B．Ordinary Egyptians built them.
C．The workers took on different roles.
D．In fact, their lives may have been even harder.
E.They worked on the same jobs but competed to be the best.
F.The task was challenging, but builders were proud of their work.
G.This probably developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2021·湖南省临湘市教研室高一期末）Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 21 were on the table. Then she would spend five minutes in 22 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 23 order. Then the most important part: taking pictures. After that, she would choose one of the 24 and click in the filter(滤镜)app. The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was, but we had no 25 to really enjoy it—it all went cold. Actually Stella’s real life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for days.
Many people care too much about others' opinions and try too hard to 26 others. They find it hard to be 27 and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their 28 life on social media. What they are trying to prove is 29 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any 30 to reality, as they still 31 the same old pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life, they should put more 32 into achieving it 33 fabricating(伪造)it. Being more confident, 34 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 35 their life on social media.
21．A．ordered B．served C．offered D．prepared
22．A．cooking B．washing C．setting D．collecting
23．A．messy B．arranged C．casual D．missed
24．A．dishes B．restaurants C．tables D．pictures
25．A．chance B．choice C．excuse D．reason
26．A．comfort B．please C．inspire D．discourage
27．A．independent B．generous C．responsible D．confident
28．A．real B．secret C．peaceful D．healthy
29．A．rarely B．hardly C．exactly D．nearly
30．A．difficulty B．change C．guidance D．harm
31．A．question B．dislike C．doubt D．follow
32．A．effort B．ambitions C．feelings D．money
33．A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．less than
34．A．identifying B．accepting C．persuading D．amusing
35．A．simplifying B．ruining C．beautifying D．worsening
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
（2022·江苏盐城·高一期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The discovery of the Yangshao village site in Sanmenxia, Henan province, in 1921, marked 36． birth of modern Chinese archaeology(考古学). In the past century, many generations of Chinese archaeologists 37． (make) fruitful findings across the country.
On October 18, the National Cultural Heritage Administration announced the top 100 archacological discoveries in China in the past 100 years 38． the opening ceremony of the third Chinese Archacology Congress in Sanmenxia.
In addition to the Yangshao site, many names familiar to the general public 39． (include) on the list. Among them are the Sanxingdui bronze civilization site in Sichuan, the mausoleum(陵墓)of Qinshihuang in Shaanxi,40． the Zhoukoudian site in Beijing 41． the famous Peking Man skull(头骨)fossil was discovered.
“It provides great 42． (inspire) for Chinese scholars,43． (build) their confidence. It also fills them with 44． (nation) pride.” Chen Xingcan, director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Institute of Archacology, told China Daily.
“The last 100 years’ archacological research in China has 45． (true) changed our understanding of a global and human story,” said British archacolopy professor Ian Hodder.
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．（2021·海南·海口一中高一阶段练习）假定你是李华，你在美国的笔友Tom给你来信说他寒假打算来海南旅游，请你写一封回信，要点包括：
1、写信目的；2、推荐景点及理由；3、欢迎来海南。
注意：1、词数80左右；
2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．（2021·全国·高一课时练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was touched through experiences, memories, books, stories, animals, angels, and most of all other people. People have moved me and molded (塑造) me with moments of love and examples of kindness.
One time on the day before Christmas many years ago when I was a mill worker with a minimum wage, I found myself with very little money and very little time to buy my small children a few simple toys. I knew that they would have to be cheap ones and I hoped my children would like them. I hated not having enough to give them more. I hated being poor. And I hated feeling bad at Christmas rather than happy.
I pulled into a store parking lot and counted my money again. It wasn’t much but maybe I could get something small with it. As I was getting out of the car I noticed the Salvation Army bellringer (撞钟人) at the entrance. I felt bad again because I didn’t feel I could spare anything to give him. I started walking towards the entrance when two cars pulled into empty parking spots in front of me. The first was a shiny, new Cadillac and I felt kind of jealous when I saw it. “How nice,” I thought, “would it be to have enough money to buy a car like that.” The second car, though, was an ancient sedan, more beat-up (破旧的) and rusty than the one I was driving.
A man hopped out of the Cadillac and hurried into the store right past the bellringer without a second glance. Out of the old sedan came a young mother with three small children. Her clothes looked a sworn-out as her car, yet she stopped in front of the bellringer, smiled, opened her purse, and dropped a bill in his red kettle.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I stood there for a minute in astonishment.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In that second a warmth touched me, my jealousy and hatred left me, and all the love and joy filled me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．A
2．D
3．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了冰岛这个神奇的国家为什么值得人们参观。
1．
细节理解题。根据City of Culture部分最后一句“In 2000,Reykjavik was awarded the title of Europe's City of Culture, thanks to its art museums for true art lovers.(2000年，雷克雅未克因其面向真正艺术爱好者的艺术博物馆而被授予欧洲文化之城的称号)”可知，雷克雅未克因为它是典型的艺术博物馆赢得了欧洲文化之城的称号。故选A项。
2．
细节理解题。根据Hot Springs部分“Iceland has a number of hot springs around the island. All are heated naturally by underground volcanic activity. In fact, this energy is tumed into electricity, which powers and heats people's homes and businesses. As a result, Iceland burns very little fossil fuel, such as oil and gas. Iceland has some of the cleanest air in the world. (冰岛岛周围有许多温泉。所有这些都是由地下火山活动自然加热的。事实上，这种能源被转化为电力，为人们的家庭和企业提供动力和热量。 因此，冰岛几乎不燃烧石油和天然气等化石燃料。冰岛拥有世界上最清洁的空气)”可知，冰岛由于火山能源的使用才拥有世界上最清洁的空气。故选D项。
3．
细节理解题。根据The Golden Circle部分“The Mid-Atlantic Fault that runs through Iceland is literally pulling the island apart. No place is more obvious than Thingvellir Valley, where the land is actually separating and the stony ground frequently changes. (贯冰岛的大西洋中部断层实际上正在将该岛拉开。没有什么地方比Thingvellir山谷更明显了，那里的土地实际上是分离的，石头地面经常变化)”可知，大西洋中部断层的Thingvellir Valley最容易被看见。故选D项。
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了纽约的第四高摩天大楼——范德比尔特摩天大楼。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When I was invited to visit the recently completed Summit One Vanderbilt, New York’s fourth-highest tower, I wasn’t expecting much.”（当我被邀请参观最近完工的，纽约第四高塔，范德比尔特摩天大楼时，我并没有抱太大期望。）可推知，我对此次被邀请参观，觉得希望不大。所以我是兴趣不大。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
5．
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“you step into air, which makes you feel like being at lf000 feet above ground level with its mirrored floors”（你踏入空中，这让你感觉像是在地面以上1000英尺的镜面地板上）所以可推知划线词所在句的意思为：一旦你到了顶楼的时候，所以划线词此处指“上升到”，选项A符合题意，故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I took out my camera and began to take photos, feeling a connection with the city that no other observatory has been able to give me.”（我拿出相机，开始拍照，感觉到与这座城市的联系，是其他天文台无法给予我的。）可知，在范德比尔特摩天大楼拍照是其它任何一个天文台不能比拟的，即此处是一个拍照的好地方。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
7．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章从开始提及我被邀请去范德比尔特摩天大楼参观，当时我对此次参观并不抱有太大的期望，随后我亲自体验了范德比尔特摩天大楼，在那里拍照，在这里拍照是其它任何地方不能给予的体验。所以本文的写作目的是介绍范德比尔特摩天大楼。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
8．C
9．B
10．D
11．A
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了叉子从古希腊传入中东并成为餐具，再传到欧洲和美国的传播史。
8．
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“Forks trace their origins back to the ancient Greeks.(叉子的起源可以追溯到古希腊)”、第二段“By the 7th century A.D., royal courts of the Middle East began to use forks at the table for dining.(到了公元7世纪，中东的王室开始在餐桌上使用叉子用餐)”和文章最后一段“By the early 19th century, four-tined forks had also been developed in Germany and England and slowly began to spread to America.(到19世纪早期，德国和英国也发明了四叉，并慢慢地开始传播到美国)”可知，本文主要讲述叉子从古希腊传入中东并成为餐具，再到欧洲，到美国的传播史，所以C项“使用叉子用餐的历史”是文章主题。故选C项。
9．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Forks trace their origins back to the ancient Greeks.(叉子的起源可以追溯到古希腊)”、第二段“By the 7th century A.D., royal courts of the Middle East began to use forks at the table for dining.(到了公元7世纪，中东的王室开始在餐桌上使用叉子用餐)”和“In the 11th century, a Byzantine wife brought forks to Italy; however, they were not widely adopted there until the 16th century. Then in 1533, forks were brought from Italy to France.(在11世纪，一位拜占庭的妻子将叉子带到了意大利；然而，直到16世纪它们才被广泛采用。然后在1533年，叉子被从意大利带到法国)”和第三段“In 1608, forks were brought to England by Thomas Coryate(1608年，叉子被托马斯·科里亚特带到英国)”可知，叉子传播途径是：从古希腊到中东，再到意大利到法国，最后到了英国。故选B项。
10．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Slowly, however, forks came to be adopted by the wealthy as a symbol of their social status.(然而，慢慢地，叉子被富人接受，成为他们社会地位的象征)”可推知，正是英国富人认为用叉子吃饭是社会地位的象征，才导致了叉子在英国流行起来。故选D项。
11．
细节理解题。根据第四段“The additional tines made diners less likely to drop food, and the curved tines served as a scoop so people did not have to constantly switch to a spoon while eating.(额外的尖头使用餐者不太可能掉下食物，而弯曲的尖头就像勺子一样，这样人们在吃饭时就不用经常换用勺子了)”可知，叉子被做成弯曲的形状是为了让它们可以像勺子一样用来舀食物。故选A项。
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。随着经济的发展以及旅游业的繁荣，科迪勒拉山脉的Ifugao地区的阶梯稻田被破坏，威胁着这一文化遗产的保护。但是当地官员和居民相信，他们在发展的同时也能够保护好传统。
12．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Built with stone walls at least 1, 000 years old, possibly 2, 000 years，they are maintained by the ancient tradition and the lifestyle of the local Ifugao people.（它们由至少有1000年历史，可能有2000年历史的石墙建造而成，古老的传统和当地伊夫高人的生活方式使得它们得以保存）”可知，此地的阶梯稻田保存着传统的方式。故选D。
13．
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“But life here is changing，and with it comes threats（威胁）to this World Heritage（遗产）Site.（但是此处的生活在发生改变，随着而来的，也就是对世界文化遗址的威胁）”可知，it指代前文的“life here is changing”，指“一直在改变的生活”，故选A。
14．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Young people are influenced by modern media and no longer want to work such long hours. More educational opportunities mean that many choose to make a life outside of the villages and rice fields,（年轻人被现代媒体所影响，并不再想要长时间工作。越来越多的机会意味着很多年轻人更愿意选择去村外工作。）”可知，Cordillera阶梯稻田面临的问题是很多年轻人离开了此地，去外地发展。故选B。
15．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He and the local people were confident that they would keep the best of the new and the strength of the past to protect the terraces（他和当地的居民相信，他们能够在追求新事物的同时也能尽力保护到阶梯稻田）”可知，在未来，此地的居民会过着接受新事物的同时，保持着阶梯稻田的传统方式。故选C。
16．B
17．C
18．G
19．D
20．F
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了考古学家发现埃及金字塔并不是奴隶或者外国人所造，而是由当时的埃及人建造的。
16．
根据上句“From studying these places, archaeologists are sure that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.(研究这些地方，考古学家发现金字塔不是奴隶或者外国人所造)”可知，空格处将进一步说明到底是谁建造的。因此B. Ordinary Egyptians built them.(是普通人建造的)符合语境。故选B。
17．
根据下句“Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks.(一些人挖石头，一些人搬动，一些人打磨加工)”可知，人们分工不同。因此C. The workers took on different roles.(工人们分工不同)符合语境，故选C。
18．
根据上句“According to her research, the bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎).(根据她的研究，骨头表明他们有关节炎的迹象)”可知，空格处将阐述原因。因此G.This probably developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.(这可能是由于长期搬运重物所致)符合语境，故选G。
19．
根据下句“Male workers generally lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.(男性通常活到40-45岁；但是女性仅仅活到30-35岁)”可知，女性当时的生活更加艰难。因此D. In fact, their lives may have been even harder.(事实上，她们的生活可能更艰难)符合语境，故选D。
20．
根据本段最后一句“They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a part.(他们当时正在建设埃及，这不仅是国家工程，每一个人都在起作用)”可知，建设者们以此为荣，每个人都在努力。因此F. The task was challenging, but builders were proud of their work.(这个任务有挑战性，但是建设者们很自豪)符合语境，故选F。
21．A
22．C
23．B
24．D
25．A
26．B
27．D
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．C
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化自己的生活，作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果他们想要优雅的生活，他们应该更加努力，而不是制造假象。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我们去饭馆，知道我们点的菜都上桌了她才会开始吃。A. ordered点；B. served服务；C. offered提供；D. prepared准备。根据句意可知，此处是指作者一家点的菜被端上桌，故选A项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她会用五分钟以一种看起来随意实际是布置好的顺序来摆菜品。A. cooking烹饪；B. washing清洗；C. setting摆；D. collecting收集。根据下文的Then the most important part: taking pictures.可推测，她要把菜品摆好来拍照，故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. messy杂乱的；B. arranged布置好的；C. casual随意的；D. missed错过的。根据句意可知，此处应选择一个和random相反的词，故选B项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后，她会选择一张照片，然后放进滤镜app。A. dishes菜；B. restaurants饭馆；C. tables桌子；D. pictures照片。根据上文的taking pictures可知此处用“照片”符合语境，picture是原词复现，故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，食物看起来比事实上的美味10倍，但是我们没有享用的机会，因为食物已经冷了。A. chance机会；B. choice选择；C. excuse借口；D. reason原因。结合上下文可知，此处是指因为有人拍照，导致食物变凉，大家错过了享受美食的机会，故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多人过于在乎别人的观点，并且尽全力去取悦别人。A. comfort安慰；B. please使……高兴。C. inspire启发；D. discourage使丧气。根据上文的Many people care too much about others' opinions可知此处用“取悦别人”符合语境，故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们认为自信很困难、很难接受自己，因此他们害怕把自己真实的一面展现在社交媒体上。A. independent独立的；B. generous慷慨的；C. responsible负责的；D. confident自信的。根据下文thus they are afraid to show their 8 life on social media可知，他们觉得接受自己很困难，由此推测他们不自信，故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. real真正的；B. secret秘密的；C. peaceful和平的；D. healthy健康的。根据下文的what they lack in reality可知此处用“真实的自己”符合语境，real和reality是同根词，故选A项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们尽力想要证明的，恰好是他们在现实生活中缺乏的。A. rarely稀少地；B. hardly几乎不；C. exactly确切地，恰好；D. nearly几乎。根据下文what they lack in reality可知，此处是指人们在社交媒体上展示的东西，恰好是自己所缺乏的东西，故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这不会给现实生活带来任何改变，因为他们依然遵循旧的生活模式。A. difficulty困难；B. change改变；C. guidance向导；D. harm伤害。根据下文的as they still ____11____ the same old pattern of life.可知他们的现实生活并没有改变，故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. question质问；B. dislike不喜欢；C. doubt怀疑；D. follow遵循。根据still和下文the same可推断，此处是指他们依然按原来的方式来生活，用“遵循”符合语境，故选D项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他们真的想要优雅的生活，他们应该付出更多的努力来实现它而不是捏造它。A. effort努力；B. ambitions抱负；C. feelings感情；D. money金钱。根据常识可知，想要美好的生活，就必须付出努力，故选A项。
33．考查副词短语辨析。句意同上。A. other than除了；B. more than超过；C. rather than而非；D. less than少于。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自信，接受自己，尽最大努力变得更好，比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活更有意义。A. identifying识别；B. accepting接受；C. persuading说服；D. amusing使高兴。根据上文的They find it hard to be ___7___ and to accept themselves可知此处用“接受”符合语境，accept是原词复现，故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. simplifying简化；B. ruining摧毁；C. beautifying美化；D. worsening恶化。根据第一段的After that, she would choose one of the ___4___ and click in the filter app.可知，作者的朋友是在美化自己的生活，故此处用“美化”符合语境，故选C项。
【点睛】
完成完形填空的方法之一是利用复现原则，包括原词复现、同义词复现和反义词复现，以本篇为例：
第4小题的答案picture和上文taking pictures.的picture是原词复现
第7小题的答案confident和下文Being more confident的confident是原词复现
第8小题的答案real和下文what they lack in reality.的reality是同根词复现
第14小题的答案accepting和上文to accept themselves的accept是原词复现
36．the
37．have made
38．at
39．are included
40．and
41．where
42．inspiration
43．building
44．national
45．truly
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国近现代考古发现及其重大意义。
36．
考查冠词。句意：1921年，河南三门峡仰韶村遗址的发现标志着中国近代考古学的诞生。根据句意以及后文介词短语of modern Chinese archaeology的限定可知，此处名词birth为特指概念，应用定冠词限定。故填the。
37．
考查动词时态。句意：近百年来，中国历代考古学家在全国各地取得了丰硕的成果。根据句意和时间状语In the past century可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，主语many generations of Chinese archaeologists为复数，故填have made。
38．
考查介词。句意：10月18日，在三门峡举行的第三届中国考古大会开幕式上，国家文物局公布了中国100大考古发现。介词短语at the opening ceremony“在开幕式上”是固定搭配。故填at。
39．
考查时态语态。句意：除了仰韶遗址，许多公众熟悉的名字也被列入了名单。此处描述现在事实，谓语动词include和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语many names为复数，故填are included。
40．
考查连词。句意：其中有四川的三星堆青铜文明遗址，陕西的秦始皇陵墓，北京的周口店遗址，著名的北京人头骨化石就是在周口店发现的。后文the Zhoukoudian site in Beijing和前文the Sanxingdui bronze civilization site in Sichuan, the mausoleum(陵墓)of Qinshihuang in Shaanxi是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
41．
考查定语从句。句意：其中有四川的三星堆青铜文明遗址，陕西的秦始皇陵墓，北京的周口店遗址，著名的北京人头骨化石就是在周口店遗址发现的。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the Zhoukoudian site in Beijing，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
42．
考查名词。句意：它为中国的学者提供了很大的启发，建立了他们的信心。根据前文It provides great可知，此处应用inspire的名词inspiration（不可数）作宾语。故填inspiration。
43．
考查非谓语动词。句意：它为中国的学者提供了很大的启发，建立了他们的信心。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词build和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语。故填building。
44．
考查形容词。句意：这也让他们充满了民族自豪感。根据后文名词pride可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填national。
45．
考查副词。句意：中国过去100年的考古研究真正改变了我们对全球和人类历史的理解。修饰动词changed应用副词。故填truly。
46．Dear Tom,
I’m happy to receive your letter and know that you’re coming to Hainan. I’m writing to sincerely express my warmest welcome.
I’d like to tell you something about some places of interest in Hainan. Personally, one of the best is Sanya. In addition to enjoying the beautiful scenery, you will take part in some activities on the water. Not only can you taste various local snacks, but also you will experience the local life and art. As far as I know, you greatly enjoy traveling to seaside cities. It will be pleasant to you.
Please take my suggestion into account. Whatever your decision is, please let me know. Looking forward to your coming to Hainan.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国的笔友Tom写一封回信，给他推荐来海南旅游的景点。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy →glad
参加：take part in →participate in
各种各样的：various →a variety of
建议：suggestion =advice
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：As far as I know, you greatly enjoy traveling to seaside cities. It will be pleasant to you.
拓展句：As far as I know, since you greatly enjoy traveling to seaside cities, you will have a good time here.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] I’m happy to receive your letter and know that you’re coming to Hainan. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only can you taste various local snacks, but also you will experience the local life and art. (运用了部分倒装结构)
47．I stood there for a minute in astonishment. “Maybe,” I thought to myself, “it’s better to be rich on the inside instead of the outside.” That rich man should have done something to help the poor, but he didn’t. Sometimes it was really wrong to judge a person by his or her appearance. I really had respect for the poor mother from the bottom of my heart. She set a good example for her children.
In that second a warmth touched me, my jealousy and hatred left me, and all the love and joy filled me. I took out a bill from my own purse, dropped it in the Salvation Army kettle, and wished the bell ringer a merry Christmas. I found a few fun things to give my kids and drove home with my heart singing. I knew it was going to be a wonderful Christmas. I could hardly wait to see my children enjoying the presents bought for them, including a special gift—love for those in need.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名收入很低的磨坊工人，当圣诞节来临之时，她因为没多少钱给孩子们买礼物而发愁。在商店外面，他看到两辆对比鲜明的轿车，一辆是豪车，一辆是破旧的轿车，可让她惊讶的是豪车车主对撞钟人熟视无睹，而旧车车主却慷慨解囊的故事。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“我吃惊的在那里站了一会儿。”可知，第一段可描写作者看到这些的心理变化以及对贫穷的母亲的尊重。
由第二段首句内容“在那一秒钟里，一种温暖感动了我，我的嫉妒和仇恨离开了我，爱和快乐都充满了我。”可知，第二段可描写作者受到鼓励，捐赠了钱，以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：心理变化——看法——做好事——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.尊重：respect/admire
②.充满：fill/be full
③.欣赏：enjoy/apprieciate
情绪类
①.快乐：with my heart singing/joyful
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Sometimes it was really wrong to judge a person by his or her appearance.(运用了不定式作主语)
[高分句型2]. I found a few fun things to give my kids and drove home with my heart singing.（运用了with+宾语+宾语补足语固定结构）
（B卷·提升能力）
（时间：100分钟，满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·山西太原·高一期末） Iceland is Europe's westemmost country,with the world's most northerly capital city. Reykjavik. Iceland has a population of about 340,000, spreading over more than 100,000 square kilometers. Despite its small size, there are many reasons to visit this amazing country.
City of Culture
Most visitors' first destination is Reykjavik, a small and clean city known for its colorful and stylish buildings. The city's downtown area is lined with shops, art galleries,cafes and bookstores. In 2000, Reykjavik was awarded the title of Europe's City of Culture, thanks to its art museums for true art lovers.
Hot Springs
Iceland has a number of hot springs around the island. All are heated naturally by underground volcanic activity. In fact, this energy is tumed into electricity, which powers and heats people's homes and businesses. As a result, Iceland burns very little fossil fuel, such as oil and gas. Iceland has some of the cleanest air in the world.
Caves and Monsters
In Iceland, one of the most popular outdoor activities to enjoy is caving. Exploring Iceland's special lava caves or ice caves is challenging and requires special clothes and hiking tools. The best-known ice caves are in Vatnaj kull, which, at 8,000 square kilometers, is Europe's largest ice cave. Outside the town of Reykjavik, the huge rocks were once believed to be monsters. These are dramatic scenery on a magnificent black-sand beach.
The Golden Circle
No trip to Ieeland would be complete without a visit to the Golden Circle, which connects Gullfoss, the hot springs region of Geysir, and Thingvellir National Park. The Mid-Atlantic Fault that runs through Iceland is literally pulling the island apart. No place is more obvious than Thingvellir Valley, where the land is actually separating and the stony ground frequently changes.
1．What made Reykjavik win the name of Europe's City of Culture
A．Its typical art museums. B．Its creative buildings.
C．Its special ice caving. D．Its dramatic scenery.
2．What contributes to Iceland's cleanest air according to the text
A．Its geographical feature. B．The less need for electricity.
C．Plenty of fossil fuel. D．The use of volcanic energy
3．Which part of the Mid-Atlantic Fault can be most easily seen
A．Gullfoss. B．Vatnaj kull.
C．Geysir. D．Thingvellir Valley.
B
（2022·山东济南·高一期末） If you have lived in New York City for many years, like I have, the skyline becomes part of you and your daily life.
When I was invited to visit the recently completed Summit One Vanderbilt, New York’s fourth-highest tower, I wasn’t expecting much. I felt like I’d seen it all and I thought that this observation deck（观测台）would be another space for a view of the city, but nothing else.
Let me tell you something: I have never seen one like this before. It sits on top of a building on 42nd street and Vanderbilt, right next to Grand Central Station. Once you have ascended to the top floor, you step into air, which makes you feel like being at lf000 feet above ground level with its mirrored floors. Once you make your way throughout the space, you feel like New York is part of a body, and your sense of space is challenged by the reflections of the light. The reflections create endless possibilities for photos and videos, and the light changes throughout the day. I took out my camera and began to take photos, feeling a connection with the city that no other observatory has been able to give me.
Summit is something unique, an art work with architecture. It will be an observatory that will change with the city. I personally can’t wait to take photos at sunset, or when winter arrives.
4．How did the author feel when invited to visit Summit One Vanderbilt
A．Curious. B．Happy. C．Amazed. D．Uninterested.
5．What does the underlined word “ascended” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Risen. B．Turned. C．Referred. D．Adapted.
6．What can be learned about Summit One Vanderbilt
A．It is the only tower in New York.
B．It lies far from Grand Central Station.
C．It provides a good place for taking photos.
D．It is exactly 1, 000 feet high from the ground.
7．What’s the purpose of the text
A．To stress a point. B．To introduce a site.
C．To raise awareness. D．To promote tourism.
C
（2021·上海市延安中学高一期末）Forks trace their origins back to the ancient Greeks. Forks at that time were fairly large with two tines that aided in the carving of meat in the kitchen. The tines prevented meat from twisting or moving during carving and allowed food to slide off more easily than it would with a knife.
By the 7th century A．D．, royal courts of the Middle East began to use forks at the table for dining. From the 10th through the 13th centuries, forks were fairly common among the wealthy in Byzantium. In the 11th century, a Byzantine wife brought forks to Italy; however, they were not widely adopted there until the 16th century. Then in 1533, forks were brought from Italy to France. The French were also slow to accept forks, for using them was thought to be awkward.
In 1608, forks were brought to England by Thomas Coryate, who saw them during his travels in Italy. The English first ridiculed forks as being unnecessary. “Why should a person need a fork when God had given him hands ” they asked. Slowly, however, forks came to be adopted by the wealthy as a symbol of their social status. They were prized possessions made of expensive materials intended to impress guests. By the mid-1600s, eating with forks was considered fashionable among the wealthy British.
Early table forks were modeled after kitchen forks, but small pieces of food often fell through the two tines or slipped off easily. In late 17th century France, larger forks with four curved tines were developed. The additional tines made diners less likely to drop food, and the curved tines served as a scoop so people did not have to constantly switch to a spoon while eating. By the early 19th century, four-tined forks had also been developed in Germany and England and slowly began to spread to America.
8．What is the passage mainly about
A．The different designs of forks.
B．The spread of fork-aided cooking.
C．The history of using forks for dining.
D．The development of fork-related table manners.
9．By which route did the use of forks spread
A．Middle EastGreeceEnglandItalyFrance
B．GreeceMiddle EastItalyFranceEngland
C．GreeceMiddle EastFranceItalyGermany
D．Middle EastFranceEnglandItalyGermany
10．How did forks become popular in England
A．Wealthy British were impressed by the design of forks.
B．Wealthy British thought it awkward to use their hands to eat.
C．Wealthy British gave special forks to the nobles as luxurious gifts.
D．Wealthy British considered dining with forks a sign of social status.
11．Why were forks made into a curved shape
A．They could be used to scoop food as well.
B．They looked more fashionable in this way.
C．They were designed in this way for export to the US.
D．They ensured the meat would not twist while being cut.
D
（2022·辽宁大连·高一期末）The sun rises over the Cordillera mountain ranges in the Philippines, lighting up the beautiful terraced rice fields. Rows of terraces（梯田）wrap around the mountainsides from the ground to the very mountaintops, as far as the eye can see. Built with stone walls at least 1, 000 years old, possibly 2, 000 years，they are maintained by the ancient tradition and the lifestyle of the local Ifugao people. But life here is changing，and with it comes threats（威胁）to this World Heritage（遗产）Site.
Young people are influenced by modern media and no longer want to work such long hours. More educational opportunities mean that many choose to make a life outside of the villages and rice fields. Roads are being built, allowing trucks bearing agricultural goods and buses bringing more tourists to and fro. More tourists mean the need for more water and food, and the production of more waste and pollution. Ugly tall buildings, rather than beautiful traditional wooden homes，spring up in some villages.
Can these changes be managed so that the terraces continue to produce rice, and remain a beautiful part of our world heritage？Jimmy Padchanan, an official of the village of Mayoyao, said in an interview, “We are combining the old societies with the new，while maintaining many of our values.” He and the local people were confident that they would keep the best of the new and the strength of the past to protect the terraces, which are deseribed as “a living cultural landscape of breathtaking beauty”.
12．What do we know about the Cordillera terraces from the first paragraph
A．They are often lit up at night.
B．They are covered with various crops.
C．They are built at the foot of the mountain.
D．They are maintained in old ways.
13．What does the underlined “it” refer to
A．The changing life.
B．The maintenance of terraces.
C．The ancient tradition.
D．The lifestyle of local people.
14．Which problem are the Cordillera terraces facing nowadays
A．Media pay too much attention.
B．Many youths left the area.
C．Tourists cause safety concerns.
D．Agricultural land is largely taken up.
15．According to the text, what will the local people do in the future
A．Stop the modernization of the region.
B．Open our mind to new ideas.
C．Have a mix of old and new.
D．Involve more development in the area.
第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·浙江嘉兴·高一期末） Many people today think of the pyramids of Giza as the symbol of ancient Egyptian culture. But who actually built them For years, we did not know for sure. Now, however, archaeologists have discovered an ancient city near the pyramids. Close by, there is a cemetery (墓地) where the pyramid builders were buried. From studying these places, archaeologists are sure that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.16．
It took about 80 years to build the pyramids. Archaeologists believe that about 20,000-30,000 people took part in the construction. 17． Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks. People also worked on different teams, each with its own name. Workers often competed to see whose team could do a job faster.
“We can see that in their skeletons(骨骼),” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bones found in the cemetery. According to her research, the bones show signs of arthritis (关节炎)．18． Archaeologists have also found many female skeletons in the ancient city and cemetery. The damage to their bones is similar to that of the men.19． Male workers generally lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35. However, workers usually had enough food, and they also received medical care if they got sick or hurt.
20． On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote Friends of Khufu. “It's because they were not just building the tomb of their king,” says Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass. “They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a part.”
A．It still remains a mystery.
B．Ordinary Egyptians built them.
C．The workers took on different roles.
D．In fact, their lives may have been even harder.
E.They worked on the same jobs but competed to be the best.
F.The task was challenging, but builders were proud of their work.
G.This probably developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2021·湖南省临湘市教研室高一期末）Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went to a restaurant, she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 21 were on the table. Then she would spend five minutes in 22 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 23 order. Then the most important part: taking pictures. After that, she would choose one of the 24 and click in the filter(滤镜)app. The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was, but we had no 25 to really enjoy it—it all went cold. Actually Stella’s real life is much less elegant. For example, she hates to wash the dishes, so she leaves them in the sink for days.
Many people care too much about others' opinions and try too hard to 26 others. They find it hard to be 27 and to accept themselves, and thus they are afraid to show their 28 life on social media. What they are trying to prove is 29 what they lack in reality. But this will not bring any 30 to reality, as they still 31 the same old pattern of life.
If they really want an elegant life, they should put more 32 into achieving it 33 fabricating(伪造)it. Being more confident, 34 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 35 their life on social media.
21．A．ordered B．served C．offered D．prepared
22．A．cooking B．washing C．setting D．collecting
23．A．messy B．arranged C．casual D．missed
24．A．dishes B．restaurants C．tables D．pictures
25．A．chance B．choice C．excuse D．reason
26．A．comfort B．please C．inspire D．discourage
27．A．independent B．generous C．responsible D．confident
28．A．real B．secret C．peaceful D．healthy
29．A．rarely B．hardly C．exactly D．nearly
30．A．difficulty B．change C．guidance D．harm
31．A．question B．dislike C．doubt D．follow
32．A．effort B．ambitions C．feelings D．money
33．A．other than B．more than C．rather than D．less than
34．A．identifying B．accepting C．persuading D．amusing
35．A．simplifying B．ruining C．beautifying D．worsening
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
（2022·江苏盐城·高一期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The discovery of the Yangshao village site in Sanmenxia, Henan province, in 1921, marked 36． birth of modern Chinese archaeology(考古学). In the past century, many generations of Chinese archaeologists 37． (make) fruitful findings across the country.
On October 18, the National Cultural Heritage Administration announced the top 100 archacological discoveries in China in the past 100 years 38． the opening ceremony of the third Chinese Archacology Congress in Sanmenxia.
In addition to the Yangshao site, many names familiar to the general public 39． (include) on the list. Among them are the Sanxingdui bronze civilization site in Sichuan, the mausoleum(陵墓)of Qinshihuang in Shaanxi,40． the Zhoukoudian site in Beijing 41． the famous Peking Man skull(头骨)fossil was discovered.
“It provides great 42． (inspire) for Chinese scholars,43． (build) their confidence. It also fills them with 44． (nation) pride.” Chen Xingcan, director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Institute of Archacology, told China Daily.
“The last 100 years’ archacological research in China has 45． (true) changed our understanding of a global and human story,” said British archacolopy professor Ian Hodder.
第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．（2021·海南·海口一中高一阶段练习）假定你是李华，你在美国的笔友Tom给你来信说他寒假打算来海南旅游，请你写一封回信，要点包括：
1、写信目的；2、推荐景点及理由；3、欢迎来海南。
注意：1、词数80左右；
2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．（2021·全国·高一课时练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was touched through experiences, memories, books, stories, animals, angels, and most of all other people. People have moved me and molded (塑造) me with moments of love and examples of kindness.
One time on the day before Christmas many years ago when I was a mill worker with a minimum wage, I found myself with very little money and very little time to buy my small children a few simple toys. I knew that they would have to be cheap ones and I hoped my children would like them. I hated not having enough to give them more. I hated being poor. And I hated feeling bad at Christmas rather than happy.
I pulled into a store parking lot and counted my money again. It wasn’t much but maybe I could get something small with it. As I was getting out of the car I noticed the Salvation Army bellringer (撞钟人) at the entrance. I felt bad again because I didn’t feel I could spare anything to give him. I started walking towards the entrance when two cars pulled into empty parking spots in front of me. The first was a shiny, new Cadillac and I felt kind of jealous when I saw it. “How nice,” I thought, “would it be to have enough money to buy a car like that.” The second car, though, was an ancient sedan, more beat-up (破旧的) and rusty than the one I was driving.
A man hopped out of the Cadillac and hurried into the store right past the bellringer without a second glance. Out of the old sedan came a young mother with three small children. Her clothes looked a sworn-out as her car, yet she stopped in front of the bellringer, smiled, opened her purse, and dropped a bill in his red kettle.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I stood there for a minute in astonishment.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In that second a warmth touched me, my jealousy and hatred left me, and all the love and joy filled me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．A
2．D
3．D
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了冰岛这个神奇的国家为什么值得人们参观。
1．
细节理解题。根据City of Culture部分最后一句“In 2000,Reykjavik was awarded the title of Europe's City of Culture, thanks to its art museums for true art lovers.(2000年，雷克雅未克因其面向真正艺术爱好者的艺术博物馆而被授予欧洲文化之城的称号)”可知，雷克雅未克因为它是典型的艺术博物馆赢得了欧洲文化之城的称号。故选A项。
2．
细节理解题。根据Hot Springs部分“Iceland has a number of hot springs around the island. All are heated naturally by underground volcanic activity. In fact, this energy is tumed into electricity, which powers and heats people's homes and businesses. As a result, Iceland burns very little fossil fuel, such as oil and gas. Iceland has some of the cleanest air in the world. (冰岛岛周围有许多温泉。所有这些都是由地下火山活动自然加热的。事实上，这种能源被转化为电力，为人们的家庭和企业提供动力和热量。 因此，冰岛几乎不燃烧石油和天然气等化石燃料。冰岛拥有世界上最清洁的空气)”可知，冰岛由于火山能源的使用才拥有世界上最清洁的空气。故选D项。
3．
细节理解题。根据The Golden Circle部分“The Mid-Atlantic Fault that runs through Iceland is literally pulling the island apart. No place is more obvious than Thingvellir Valley, where the land is actually separating and the stony ground frequently changes. (贯冰岛的大西洋中部断层实际上正在将该岛拉开。没有什么地方比Thingvellir山谷更明显了，那里的土地实际上是分离的，石头地面经常变化)”可知，大西洋中部断层的Thingvellir Valley最容易被看见。故选D项。
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了纽约的第四高摩天大楼——范德比尔特摩天大楼。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When I was invited to visit the recently completed Summit One Vanderbilt, New York’s fourth-highest tower, I wasn’t expecting much.”（当我被邀请参观最近完工的，纽约第四高塔，范德比尔特摩天大楼时，我并没有抱太大期望。）可推知，我对此次被邀请参观，觉得希望不大。所以我是兴趣不大。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
5．
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“you step into air, which makes you feel like being at lf000 feet above ground level with its mirrored floors”（你踏入空中，这让你感觉像是在地面以上1000英尺的镜面地板上）所以可推知划线词所在句的意思为：一旦你到了顶楼的时候，所以划线词此处指“上升到”，选项A符合题意，故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I took out my camera and began to take photos, feeling a connection with the city that no other observatory has been able to give me.”（我拿出相机，开始拍照，感觉到与这座城市的联系，是其他天文台无法给予我的。）可知，在范德比尔特摩天大楼拍照是其它任何一个天文台不能比拟的，即此处是一个拍照的好地方。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
7．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章从开始提及我被邀请去范德比尔特摩天大楼参观，当时我对此次参观并不抱有太大的期望，随后我亲自体验了范德比尔特摩天大楼，在那里拍照，在这里拍照是其它任何地方不能给予的体验。所以本文的写作目的是介绍范德比尔特摩天大楼。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
8．C
9．B
10．D
11．A
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了叉子从古希腊传入中东并成为餐具，再传到欧洲和美国的传播史。
8．
主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“Forks trace their origins back to the ancient Greeks.(叉子的起源可以追溯到古希腊)”、第二段“By the 7th century A.D., royal courts of the Middle East began to use forks at the table for dining.(到了公元7世纪，中东的王室开始在餐桌上使用叉子用餐)”和文章最后一段“By the early 19th century, four-tined forks had also been developed in Germany and England and slowly began to spread to America.(到19世纪早期，德国和英国也发明了四叉，并慢慢地开始传播到美国)”可知，本文主要讲述叉子从古希腊传入中东并成为餐具，再到欧洲，到美国的传播史，所以C项“使用叉子用餐的历史”是文章主题。故选C项。
9．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Forks trace their origins back to the ancient Greeks.(叉子的起源可以追溯到古希腊)”、第二段“By the 7th century A.D., royal courts of the Middle East began to use forks at the table for dining.(到了公元7世纪，中东的王室开始在餐桌上使用叉子用餐)”和“In the 11th century, a Byzantine wife brought forks to Italy; however, they were not widely adopted there until the 16th century. Then in 1533, forks were brought from Italy to France.(在11世纪，一位拜占庭的妻子将叉子带到了意大利；然而，直到16世纪它们才被广泛采用。然后在1533年，叉子被从意大利带到法国)”和第三段“In 1608, forks were brought to England by Thomas Coryate(1608年，叉子被托马斯·科里亚特带到英国)”可知，叉子传播途径是：从古希腊到中东，再到意大利到法国，最后到了英国。故选B项。
10．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Slowly, however, forks came to be adopted by the wealthy as a symbol of their social status.(然而，慢慢地，叉子被富人接受，成为他们社会地位的象征)”可推知，正是英国富人认为用叉子吃饭是社会地位的象征，才导致了叉子在英国流行起来。故选D项。
11．
细节理解题。根据第四段“The additional tines made diners less likely to drop food, and the curved tines served as a scoop so people did not have to constantly switch to a spoon while eating.(额外的尖头使用餐者不太可能掉下食物，而弯曲的尖头就像勺子一样，这样人们在吃饭时就不用经常换用勺子了)”可知，叉子被做成弯曲的形状是为了让它们可以像勺子一样用来舀食物。故选A项。
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。随着经济的发展以及旅游业的繁荣，科迪勒拉山脉的Ifugao地区的阶梯稻田被破坏，威胁着这一文化遗产的保护。但是当地官员和居民相信，他们在发展的同时也能够保护好传统。
12．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Built with stone walls at least 1, 000 years old, possibly 2, 000 years，they are maintained by the ancient tradition and the lifestyle of the local Ifugao people.（它们由至少有1000年历史，可能有2000年历史的石墙建造而成，古老的传统和当地伊夫高人的生活方式使得它们得以保存）”可知，此地的阶梯稻田保存着传统的方式。故选D。
13．
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“But life here is changing，and with it comes threats（威胁）to this World Heritage（遗产）Site.（但是此处的生活在发生改变，随着而来的，也就是对世界文化遗址的威胁）”可知，it指代前文的“life here is changing”，指“一直在改变的生活”，故选A。
14．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Young people are influenced by modern media and no longer want to work such long hours. More educational opportunities mean that many choose to make a life outside of the villages and rice fields,（年轻人被现代媒体所影响，并不再想要长时间工作。越来越多的机会意味着很多年轻人更愿意选择去村外工作。）”可知，Cordillera阶梯稻田面临的问题是很多年轻人离开了此地，去外地发展。故选B。
15．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He and the local people were confident that they would keep the best of the new and the strength of the past to protect the terraces（他和当地的居民相信，他们能够在追求新事物的同时也能尽力保护到阶梯稻田）”可知，在未来，此地的居民会过着接受新事物的同时，保持着阶梯稻田的传统方式。故选C。
16．B
17．C
18．G
19．D
20．F
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了考古学家发现埃及金字塔并不是奴隶或者外国人所造，而是由当时的埃及人建造的。
16．
根据上句“From studying these places, archaeologists are sure that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.(研究这些地方，考古学家发现金字塔不是奴隶或者外国人所造)”可知，空格处将进一步说明到底是谁建造的。因此B. Ordinary Egyptians built them.(是普通人建造的)符合语境。故选B。
17．
根据下句“Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks.(一些人挖石头，一些人搬动，一些人打磨加工)”可知，人们分工不同。因此C. The workers took on different roles.(工人们分工不同)符合语境，故选C。
18．
根据上句“According to her research, the bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎).(根据她的研究，骨头表明他们有关节炎的迹象)”可知，空格处将阐述原因。因此G.This probably developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.(这可能是由于长期搬运重物所致)符合语境，故选G。
19．
根据下句“Male workers generally lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.(男性通常活到40-45岁；但是女性仅仅活到30-35岁)”可知，女性当时的生活更加艰难。因此D. In fact, their lives may have been even harder.(事实上，她们的生活可能更艰难)符合语境，故选D。
20．
根据本段最后一句“They were building Egypt. It was a national project, and everyone was a part.(他们当时正在建设埃及，这不仅是国家工程，每一个人都在起作用)”可知，建设者们以此为荣，每个人都在努力。因此F. The task was challenging, but builders were proud of their work.(这个任务有挑战性，但是建设者们很自豪)符合语境，故选F。
21．A
22．C
23．B
24．D
25．A
26．B
27．D
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．C
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了现在一些人在社交媒体上过度美化自己的生活，作者认为这是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果他们想要优雅的生活，他们应该更加努力，而不是制造假象。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我们去饭馆，知道我们点的菜都上桌了她才会开始吃。A. ordered点；B. served服务；C. offered提供；D. prepared准备。根据句意可知，此处是指作者一家点的菜被端上桌，故选A项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她会用五分钟以一种看起来随意实际是布置好的顺序来摆菜品。A. cooking烹饪；B. washing清洗；C. setting摆；D. collecting收集。根据下文的Then the most important part: taking pictures.可推测，她要把菜品摆好来拍照，故选C项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. messy杂乱的；B. arranged布置好的；C. casual随意的；D. missed错过的。根据句意可知，此处应选择一个和random相反的词，故选B项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：之后，她会选择一张照片，然后放进滤镜app。A. dishes菜；B. restaurants饭馆；C. tables桌子；D. pictures照片。根据上文的taking pictures可知此处用“照片”符合语境，picture是原词复现，故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，食物看起来比事实上的美味10倍，但是我们没有享用的机会，因为食物已经冷了。A. chance机会；B. choice选择；C. excuse借口；D. reason原因。结合上下文可知，此处是指因为有人拍照，导致食物变凉，大家错过了享受美食的机会，故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多人过于在乎别人的观点，并且尽全力去取悦别人。A. comfort安慰；B. please使……高兴。C. inspire启发；D. discourage使丧气。根据上文的Many people care too much about others' opinions可知此处用“取悦别人”符合语境，故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们认为自信很困难、很难接受自己，因此他们害怕把自己真实的一面展现在社交媒体上。A. independent独立的；B. generous慷慨的；C. responsible负责的；D. confident自信的。根据下文thus they are afraid to show their 8 life on social media可知，他们觉得接受自己很困难，由此推测他们不自信，故选D项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. real真正的；B. secret秘密的；C. peaceful和平的；D. healthy健康的。根据下文的what they lack in reality可知此处用“真实的自己”符合语境，real和reality是同根词，故选A项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们尽力想要证明的，恰好是他们在现实生活中缺乏的。A. rarely稀少地；B. hardly几乎不；C. exactly确切地，恰好；D. nearly几乎。根据下文what they lack in reality可知，此处是指人们在社交媒体上展示的东西，恰好是自己所缺乏的东西，故选C项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这不会给现实生活带来任何改变，因为他们依然遵循旧的生活模式。A. difficulty困难；B. change改变；C. guidance向导；D. harm伤害。根据下文的as they still ____11____ the same old pattern of life.可知他们的现实生活并没有改变，故选B项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. question质问；B. dislike不喜欢；C. doubt怀疑；D. follow遵循。根据still和下文the same可推断，此处是指他们依然按原来的方式来生活，用“遵循”符合语境，故选D项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他们真的想要优雅的生活，他们应该付出更多的努力来实现它而不是捏造它。A. effort努力；B. ambitions抱负；C. feelings感情；D. money金钱。根据常识可知，想要美好的生活，就必须付出努力，故选A项。
33．考查副词短语辨析。句意同上。A. other than除了；B. more than超过；C. rather than而非；D. less than少于。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自信，接受自己，尽最大努力变得更好，比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活更有意义。A. identifying识别；B. accepting接受；C. persuading说服；D. amusing使高兴。根据上文的They find it hard to be ___7___ and to accept themselves可知此处用“接受”符合语境，accept是原词复现，故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. simplifying简化；B. ruining摧毁；C. beautifying美化；D. worsening恶化。根据第一段的After that, she would choose one of the ___4___ and click in the filter app.可知，作者的朋友是在美化自己的生活，故此处用“美化”符合语境，故选C项。
【点睛】
完成完形填空的方法之一是利用复现原则，包括原词复现、同义词复现和反义词复现，以本篇为例：
第4小题的答案picture和上文taking pictures.的picture是原词复现
第7小题的答案confident和下文Being more confident的confident是原词复现
第8小题的答案real和下文what they lack in reality.的reality是同根词复现
第14小题的答案accepting和上文to accept themselves的accept是原词复现
36．the
37．have made
38．at
39．are included
40．and
41．where
42．inspiration
43．building
44．national
45．truly
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国近现代考古发现及其重大意义。
36．
考查冠词。句意：1921年，河南三门峡仰韶村遗址的发现标志着中国近代考古学的诞生。根据句意以及后文介词短语of modern Chinese archaeology的限定可知，此处名词birth为特指概念，应用定冠词限定。故填the。
37．
考查动词时态。句意：近百年来，中国历代考古学家在全国各地取得了丰硕的成果。根据句意和时间状语In the past century可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，主语many generations of Chinese archaeologists为复数，故填have made。
38．
考查介词。句意：10月18日，在三门峡举行的第三届中国考古大会开幕式上，国家文物局公布了中国100大考古发现。介词短语at the opening ceremony“在开幕式上”是固定搭配。故填at。
39．
考查时态语态。句意：除了仰韶遗址，许多公众熟悉的名字也被列入了名单。此处描述现在事实，谓语动词include和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语many names为复数，故填are included。
40．
考查连词。句意：其中有四川的三星堆青铜文明遗址，陕西的秦始皇陵墓，北京的周口店遗址，著名的北京人头骨化石就是在周口店发现的。后文the Zhoukoudian site in Beijing和前文the Sanxingdui bronze civilization site in Sichuan, the mausoleum(陵墓)of Qinshihuang in Shaanxi是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
41．
考查定语从句。句意：其中有四川的三星堆青铜文明遗址，陕西的秦始皇陵墓，北京的周口店遗址，著名的北京人头骨化石就是在周口店遗址发现的。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the Zhoukoudian site in Beijing，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
42．
考查名词。句意：它为中国的学者提供了很大的启发，建立了他们的信心。根据前文It provides great可知，此处应用inspire的名词inspiration（不可数）作宾语。故填inspiration。
43．
考查非谓语动词。句意：它为中国的学者提供了很大的启发，建立了他们的信心。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词build和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作状语。故填building。
44．
考查形容词。句意：这也让他们充满了民族自豪感。根据后文名词pride可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填national。
45．
考查副词。句意：中国过去100年的考古研究真正改变了我们对全球和人类历史的理解。修饰动词changed应用副词。故填truly。
46．Dear Tom,
I’m happy to receive your letter and know that you’re coming to Hainan. I’m writing to sincerely express my warmest welcome.
I’d like to tell you something about some places of interest in Hainan. Personally, one of the best is Sanya. In addition to enjoying the beautiful scenery, you will take part in some activities on the water. Not only can you taste various local snacks, but also you will experience the local life and art. As far as I know, you greatly enjoy traveling to seaside cities. It will be pleasant to you.
Please take my suggestion into account. Whatever your decision is, please let me know. Looking forward to your coming to Hainan.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国的笔友Tom写一封回信，给他推荐来海南旅游的景点。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy →glad
参加：take part in →participate in
各种各样的：various →a variety of
建议：suggestion =advice
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：As far as I know, you greatly enjoy traveling to seaside cities. It will be pleasant to you.
拓展句：As far as I know, since you greatly enjoy traveling to seaside cities, you will have a good time here.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] I’m happy to receive your letter and know that you’re coming to Hainan. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only can you taste various local snacks, but also you will experience the local life and art. (运用了部分倒装结构)
47．I stood there for a minute in astonishment. “Maybe,” I thought to myself, “it’s better to be rich on the inside instead of the outside.” That rich man should have done something to help the poor, but he didn’t. Sometimes it was really wrong to judge a person by his or her appearance. I really had respect for the poor mother from the bottom of my heart. She set a good example for her children.
In that second a warmth touched me, my jealousy and hatred left me, and all the love and joy filled me. I took out a bill from my own purse, dropped it in the Salvation Army kettle, and wished the bell ringer a merry Christmas. I found a few fun things to give my kids and drove home with my heart singing. I knew it was going to be a wonderful Christmas. I could hardly wait to see my children enjoying the presents bought for them, including a special gift—love for those in need.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名收入很低的磨坊工人，当圣诞节来临之时，她因为没多少钱给孩子们买礼物而发愁。在商店外面，他看到两辆对比鲜明的轿车，一辆是豪车，一辆是破旧的轿车，可让她惊讶的是豪车车主对撞钟人熟视无睹，而旧车车主却慷慨解囊的故事。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“我吃惊的在那里站了一会儿。”可知，第一段可描写作者看到这些的心理变化以及对贫穷的母亲的尊重。
由第二段首句内容“在那一秒钟里，一种温暖感动了我，我的嫉妒和仇恨离开了我，爱和快乐都充满了我。”可知，第二段可描写作者受到鼓励，捐赠了钱，以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：心理变化——看法——做好事——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.尊重：respect/admire
②.充满：fill/be full
③.欣赏：enjoy/apprieciate
情绪类
①.快乐：with my heart singing/joyful
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Sometimes it was really wrong to judge a person by his or her appearance.(运用了不定式作主语)
[高分句型2]. I found a few fun things to give my kids and drove home with my heart singing.（运用了with+宾语+宾语补足语固定结构）