2022年中考英语辨析系列--- (1)介词与冠词易错点辨析

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名称 2022年中考英语辨析系列--- (1)介词与冠词易错点辨析
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更新时间 2022-02-28 20:58:19

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介词与冠词易错点辨析
1 about和on表示“关于”的区别
about和on都可以表示“关于”。但about是较口语化的一般说法,如talk about, speak about, tell a story about等,涉及细节。on是较正式的用法,表示较强的专业性和学术性。
They are talking about the happy holiday.他们正谈着那个愉快的假期。
She told us a story about her father.她给我们讲了一个关于她父亲的故事。
He will give us a talk on science.他将给我们作一个关于科学的报告。
I have some books on Chinese history.我有一些关于中国历史的书。
2 across, through, over, cross和past
1across和through用作介词,都可以表示“横过”。但across与on有关,表示某一动作在某一物体的表面进行;through则与in有关,表示从某一空间穿过。
She walked across the road.她横穿马路。
The river goes through the town.这条河穿城而过。
They went in through the back door.他们从后门进去。(不能说from the back door)
2 across和over都可以表示从某一平面上“穿过,到另一边”,如大街、道路、桥、河流等。
They walked across/over the street.他们穿过大街。
She went across/over the bridge.她走过桥。
They are voyaging across the Pacific Ocean.他们在横渡太平洋。
但over还可以表示从某个障碍物上“越过”,across则没有这种用法。
He can jump over the wall.他能够跳过这堵墙。(不用across)
3 across和cross都可以表示“穿过”,但across是介词,cross则是及物动词。cross可以作谓语,而across不能作谓语。
She helped the old man walk across the road.她帮助那位老人过马路。
=She helped the old man cross the road.
He will swim across the river.他将游过那条河。
He will cross the river by ship.他将乘船过河。
比较
She went across the street.她横穿过大街。(指从大街的一边走到另一边)
She went through the street.她走过街道。(指从大街的一头走到另一头)
4past作介词表示“经过”,指从旁边经过。
We go past the library every day.我们每天都
从图书馆旁经过。
I saw a girl running past my window.我看见一个女孩从我窗前跑过。
The bus drove past our school gate.公共汽车从我们学校门前开过。
3 after和behind都可以表示“在……后面”
1 after指次序的先后,表示的是动态,也表示在一点或一段时间之后,反义词是before。
He came in after her.他在她后面进来。After you,please.请先走。
I'll go over my notes after school.放学后我将复习笔记。
She came back after three days.她三天后回来了。
2behind指位置的前后,表示的是静态,反义词是in front of。
There is a big tree behind the house.房屋的后面有一棵大树。
The moon is behind a cloud.月亮在云层后面。
She is standing behind him.她站在他后面。
3 behind还可以表示时间上的“迟于,晚于”,指“误了时间”。
The plane is twenty minutes behind time.飞机晚点20分钟。
His ideas are behind the times.他的思想落后于时代。
Jimwas thirtyminutes behindthe
appointment time.吉姆比约会时间晚了30分钟。
4behind和after都可以用作副词。
They walked behind.他们在后面走。
He returned the book a month after.他一个月后还了那本书。
4 after和in能否都表示“在……后”
1 after作介词用时,通常表示在过去或将来某一具体时间之后,同某一个时间点连用,即后跟的名词表示的是一个时间点,如:five o'clock(5点钟)。after所在句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时,不可用现在完成时,但有时也用一般现在时或一般将来时。I did not see her after that.在那之后,我没有见过她。
She will arrive after 8 o'clock.她8点钟以后到达。
He left after our arrival.我们到达后他就离去了。
2in以现在时间为起点,同表示一段时间的词语连用。句中的谓语动词,如果是非延续性动词的一般将来时或过去将来时,如go,come, arrive, return,start等,in表示“在…·…之后”;如果是延续性动词或“完成”意义的非延续性动词(finish,accomplish等),in表示“在……之内”;如果是其他时态,in也表示“在……之内”。
He will arrive in 5 hours.他将在5小时后到达。(不是“5个小时内”)
We shall go for a holiday in two weeks.我们将在2周后去度假。(不是“2周内”)
He said he would be back in an hour.他说他1个小时后回来。(beback为非延续性动作)I shall work here in two weeks.2周内我将在
这里工作。(work是延续性动词)
I'll come and see you again in five days.5天后我再来看你。
I can finish my homework in two hours.我能在2小时内完成作业。
They built the bridge in six months.他们在6个月内建造了那座桥。
5 at,in和on表示时间时怎样区
1at指确切时间、具体几点钟或周末等。She goes to school at half past seven everyday.她每天7点半上学。
I don't like going out at night.我不愿意晚上出去。
2 in指一天的早上、下午、晚上或一段时间。They left home early in the morning.他们一大早就离开家了。
3 on指特定的日子、某月某号、星期几或某一日。
She left on a cool morning in spring.她是在春天一个凉爽的早上离开的。(不可用in acool morning)
比较
He will be back at ten.他将在10点钟回来。(at表
示一个时间点)
He will be back by ten.他将在10点钟前回来。(by表示“到··…···为止,不迟于”)
He will be back on Sunday.他将在星期天回来。(on表示特定的日子)
提示
“在圣诞节”可以说at Christmas或on ChristmasDay,“在圣诞夜”要说on Christmas Eve。
6 at, in, on, beside, by和near表示地点时怎样区别
1 at表示在一个点上的位置或具体的位置,指小地点。
Who is the man at the gate 大门口那个人是谁?
He lives at 180 Nanjing Road.他住在南京路180号。
Turn right at the traffic lights.在红绿灯处向右拐。
2 in表示在一个空间之内,被人或物包围着。I saw her in the library.我在图书馆见到了她。
3 on表示两者互相接触,强调在一条线上或
一个平面上;可表示乘用交通工具。
She saw a red pencil on the desk.她看到桌子上有一支红铅笔。
He left for Nanjing on the train.他乘火车去南京的。(=by train)
4 beside和by都可以表示“靠近”,但beside更“近”,更具体地表示出“在·…·…旁边”。She is sitting beside him.她坐在他身旁。There is an apple tree by the river.河边有一棵苹果树。
5near表示相对的“近”,实际的距离可能很远。
There is a hospital near our school.我们学校附近有一家医院。
The town is near Nanjing.这座小城离南京很近。
7 at home, at school和in
school
1 at home意为“在家”,常用作表语,home在这里为名词,前面不可加定冠词。
Is she at home 她在家吗?
He stays at home the whole day.他整天都待在家里。
2 atschool和in school常可换用,表示两种意思:1在上学,②在学校里,这种用法的school前不可加定冠词。
Alice is five. She isn't at school.艾丽丝5岁,还没有上学。
She is at school in Beijing.她在北京上学。They often meet each other at school.他们在学校里经常见面。
In school he often plays football.他在学校里常踢足球。
提示
at/in a school意为“在学校里”,指地点。My father teaches chemistry in a school near here.我父亲在这儿附近的一所学校教化学。
8 at night和in the night
1at night意为“在夜里,在晚上”,为泛指,与in the day(白天)相对。
There are many stars in the sky at night.晚上天上有许多星星。
At night the temperature drops below zero.温度在夜间降至零度以下。
She can't sleep at night.她夜晚睡不着。
2 in the night意为“在夜间”,指在不具体的某个夜晚。
I woke up twice in the night.我夜里醒了2次。
She came back at ten in the night.她晚上10点钟回来的。
9 at table和at the table
at table意为“吃,在吃饭”。at the table意为“在桌前”,不一定在吃饭。英语中有些名词,指具体场合或具体事物时,前面要加冠词,而表示某种抽象意义或职能时,前面不用冠词。
比较
at the table在桌子旁边(站着或坐着)
at table在吃饭
in the prison在那个监狱里(工作)
in prison在服刑
in the hospital在那家医院里(上班)
in hospital在住院
in/on the bed在床上(坐着或读书)
in bed在睡觉,躺在床上
at a school在一所学校里
at school在读书(上学)
提示
其他如:in class(在上课),after class(课后),at home (在家)等,名词前均不用冠词。
10 at the end of, by the end of, in the end和to the end
1at the end of+时间名词或地点名词表示“在……末,在……的尽头”。
He left for London at the end of last week.他上周末动身去伦敦了。
At the end of the street you can see abookstore.在大街的尽头你会看见一家书店。
2 by the end of +时间名词表示“到……末为止,在……以前”,指的是到某一时间为止怎样,或在某一时间之前怎样,是过去完成时或将来完成时的时间标志。
They had learnt 10 lessons by the end of lastmonth.到上月底为止,他们已经学了10课。
They will have built the bridge by the end of the year.到今年年底,他们就将把这座桥建好了。
3in the end是副词短语,意为“最后,终于”,相当于at last,它单独使用,后面不能跟of。
She got enough money in the end.最后她终于
弄到了足够的钱。
Txg比nesome ion he cnd他们最终属得4to the end表示“到····…底”,用作状语,指的是把某种行为持续到底。
Go along this street to the end.沿着这条街走到底。
He kept on working to the end.他坚持工作直到最后。
11 at the front和at the back等有关词组的用法
1front作名词表示“前面”,作形容词表示“前面的”。
比较
at the front 在前面
in the front row在前排
She stood at the front.她站在前面。
She sits in the front row.她坐在前排。
2 back构成的词组有:
at the back在后面
at the back of在……的后面/部(某范围之
内的后面)
in the back row在后排
She stood at the back.她站在后面。
There is a chair at the back of the room.房间的后部有一把椅子。
He sits in the back row.他坐在后排。
12 at work和at rest
at可以表示“在做,在……过程中”,后跟不可数名词或单数可数名词,构成固定词组,常作表语,前面用be动词。
Li Ming is at work.李明在工作/在办公。They are at rest.他们在休息。
The children are at school.孩子们在上学。They are at their meal.他们在吃饭。(也可以说at meal)
Who is at the violin 谁在拉小提琴?(乐器名词前要用the)
The two countries are at war.这两个国家正在交战。
13 before和ago
1before表示从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前,谓语动词用过去完成时。
She said she had visited Hangzhou three yearsbefore.她说她3年前游览过杭州。
2before作副词也可单独使用,意为“以前”,句中谓语动词用现在完成时。
I have never met him before.我以前从没见过他。
Have you ever been to Nanjing before 你以前曾经到过南京吗?
3before意为“在……以前”,指在某段时间或某一事件之前。
Wash your hands before meals.饭前应洗手。He arrived at the town before us.他在我们之前到达了那座小城。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。提示
表示“在某人/某物的位置前”时,before和infront of可换用。
The children are playing before the classroom.孩子们在教室的前面玩耍。
=The children are playing in front of the classroom.
4ago表示从现在算起的若干时间之前,谓语动词用一般过去时。
He lived in Shanghai two years ago.他两年前住在上海。
14 below和under
1below可以用作副词和介词。
(1)作副词用时,below表示“在下面,向下”。副词below可以修饰动词,可以作表语,还可以作定语,修饰名词,但要放在名词的后面。
The flower garden lies below.花园在下面。(修饰动词)
The office is below.办公室在下面。(作表语)From here we can see the whole city below.从这里我们可以看见下面整座城市。(作定语,后置)
Please do the exercises below.请做下面的练习。(作定语,后置)
(2)作介词用时,below表示“在……以下,在……之下”,通常表示位置,也可表示数量、等级、能力等。
Please write your name below the line.请把你的名字写在这条线的下面。(表示位置)
They passed below the bridge.他们在桥的下面通过。(表示位置)
Children below ten should not see this film. 10岁以下的儿童不应看这部电影。(表示数量)He is below her in ability.在能力方面,他不如她。(表示能力)
His position in the firm was below his brother.他在公司的职位低于他弟弟。(表示等级)
提示
from below意为“从下面”,反义词是fromabove(从上面)。
Someone is calling you from below.有人在下面叫你。
2 under是介词,表示“在··…···下面,低于,在······进行中”,表示位置、状况、年龄、价格等。under引导的短语可以修饰动词作状语,也可以作表语或定语。
He is standing under a tree.他正站在一棵树下。(作状语)
He sold the bike under 100 yuan.他以低于100元的价格把自行车卖了。(作状语)
These books are for children under ten years of age.这些书适合10岁以下的儿童阅读。(作定语)
The plan is still under discussion.这项计划仍在讨论之中。(作表语)
提示
汉语中的“在……下”并不都能用under,比如:“在阳光下,在月光下,在树荫下,在灯光下”就要用in。
She laid her clothes in the sun.她把衣服在阳光下
晒晒。
They are sitting in the moonlight.他们在月光下坐着。
Some children are playing in the shade.一些儿童在树荫下玩耍。
She is doing her homework in the lamplight.她在灯下做作业。
3 below和under的区别:below表示一般的低于或在某物的下面,物体间不接触,不一定是在垂直的下面,反义词是above;under表示在垂直的下方,物体间可以相互接触,也可以不接触,强调一种直接的垂直上下关系,反义词是over。
比较
From the hillwe can see a river below us.从这座小山上,我们能看见下面的一条河。
There is a cat under the chait.椅子底下有一只猫。
提示
表示数量、重量、年龄、物价等时,below和under常可换用。
The train was running under/below 100 miles perhour.火车以每小时不到100英里的速度行驶。
15 besides, except, except for, but和beside
1en表是正并能在舞除去的不美集
“除······外(还有)”,besides的宾语也算在
内。
Besides milk and fruits,we bought vegetables.除了牛奶和水果,我们还买了蔬菜。
Everyone was present except her.除了她大家都到了。
比较
They went there except Tom.除了汤姆外,他们都去那里了。(汤姆没去)
They all went there besides Tom.汤姆去那里了,他们也都去那里了。(汤姆也去了)
Except maths,they study Chinese and English.他们学习中文和英语,不学数学。(数学除外)Besides maths,they study Chinese and English.除了数学,他们还学中文和英语。(数学也包括在内)
提示
besides用于否定句中时,与except同义。
He had no other tools besides/except these.除了这些,他没有别的工具。
2except for 可以代替except,表示“除了……外,除去”,且在句首只能用exceptfor,不用except。另外,exceptfor还可表示“要不是由于”。
We all went swimming except (for) Tom.除了汤姆外,我们都去游泳了。
=Except for Tom,we all went swimming.
I would go with you except for my headache.要不是因为头痛,我想同你一起去。
3 but表示“除···外”时,可同except换用,语气上更强。
My father goes to work every day but Sunday.我父亲除星期天之外每天都去上班。
They all passed the exam but Jack.除杰克外,他们都通过了考试。
4 beside表示“在··…·…旁边”,还表示“与……相比”。
I'd like to live beside the sea.我想住在海边。
Those books seem rather dull beside this one.与这本书相比,那些书似乎都很枯燥。
16 between和among最主要的区别
1 between意为“在……之间”,表示在两个人、事物、物体之间;among意为“在……商政荡之向之间,表示在3个或3个以上
He came between 8:30 and 9:30.他是在8点半到9点半之间来的。
What's the difference between the two books 这两本书之间有什么不同?
The matter is between you and me.这件事别对外人讲。(在你我之间)
She is sitting among her friends.她坐在朋友们中间。
The city lies among the mountains.这座城市位于群山之中。
2 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中“每两者之间”的关系时,要用between。
He takes some medicine between three meals every day.他每天在三餐之间吃药。
He shared the fruits between the threechildren.他把水果分给3个孩子。
3在涉及边界时,between可指两个以上的国家。
Switzerland lies between France, Italy andGermany.瑞士位于法国、意大利和德国之间。
17by和with
1by指做某事的方式。
He earned money by writing.他靠写作挣钱。The streets are lighted by electricity.街道用电照明。
2 with指做某事所用工具。
The policeman opened the door with a specialkey.警察用专用钥匙打开了门。
My father is digging the garden with a pick.我父亲用镐在园子里挖土。
18by car, in a car和in one'scar是否都对——表示交通工具的介词
1 by表示方式或方法,其后的名词前不带冠词,也不带形容词性物主代词。
I usually travel by train.我通常乘火车旅行。We go to school every day by bus.我们每天乘公交车上学。
2 in表示交通工具,其后的名词前可用冠词或形容词性物主代词。
He came in a taxi.他乘出租车来的。
Her father usually goes to work in his car.她父亲通常开车上班。
3on表示旅行方式,通常与foot搭配。on表示交通工具常同bike/ bicycle,bus或train连用,名词前加冠词a或the。
My bike is broken. I have to walk on foot.我的自行车坏了,我得步行。
The girl is riding on a pretty bike.那女孩骑一辆漂亮的自行车。
They are going on a train.他们将乘火车去。
比较
come by car/by bus/by boat/by ship
come in a car/in a bus/in a ship/in a boat/in three boats
come on a train
come in one's car
提示
be on the bus表示“在公共汽车上”,be on thetrain表示“在火车上”,要用定冠词the;而in a bus (乘汽车),on a train(乘火车)要用不定冠词a。
4如果交通工具名词前有表示时刻的词语,用on或by均可。
We'll go to Hangzhou on/by the ten o'clocktrain.我们将乘10点的火车去杭州。
19 by the way和on the/one's way to
1 by the way意为“顺便提一下,顺便问一下”,为惯用短语,在句中用作插入语,常用来提及一件与正题无关的事。
By the way, have you seen Mary recently 顺便问一下,最近你见到玛丽了吗?
By the way,what time is it now 顺便问一下,现在几点了?
2on the/one's way to表示“在去······的路上,在途中”,to后面接名词。如果way后面跟表地点的副词,则不用to。
They are on the way to school.他们在去上学的路上。
On the way there I met an old friend of mine.在去那儿的路上,我遇到了一位老朋友。(不可说on the way to there)
On the way home she helped an old man across the road.在回家的路上,她帮一位老大爷过马路。
20 during,for和through
1during表示“在……期间”,强调在某段时间内发生了什么。
These animals never go out of the hole during the whole winter.在整个冬天,这些动物从
不出洞。
I read two English novels during the holidays.我在假期里读了2部英语小说。
2 for后跟的词表示一段有长度的时间,表示某事持续多长时间。for短语常用于完成时中,也可用于过去时。
I haven't written her for over a year.我一年多没给她写信了。
Their discussion lasted for three hours.他们的讨论持续了3个小时。(for可省去)
3 through本意是“通过,穿过”,表示“自始至终”。
She slept all through the day.她睡了整整一天。
21 during the past three years是什么时态标志
during the past/last three years意为“在过去的3年中,近3年来”,也可说成in the past/last three years。这个短语指的是到现在为止3年来的状况,是现在完成时的时间标志。
I have been there several times during the past three years.在过去的3年中我到过那里数次。During the past month she has read three English books.她在过去的1个月中读了3本英语书。
He has written three letters to her in the last few weeks.在过去的几个星期里,他给她写了3封信。
22 for能否表示目的
for引导一个短语,常用来表示目的,相当于一个不定式短语。
He is getting ready for the party.他正在为参加聚会做准备。(=He is getting ready to attend the party.)
She has gone to the south for a holiday.她去南方度假了。(=She has gone to the south to have a holiday.)
23 from和since
1 from用于表示某一动作从什么时候开始,from..to表示“从··到”,指某动作、某事情从某时开始,可同现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
She studied English from the age of two.她从两岁开始学英语。
He worked here from 1992 to 2002.他从1992年至2002年在这里工作。
2 since表示某一动作从某一时刻开始,持续到现在、说话时或过去某一时间,常用完成时,表示“从……以来,自……以来”。She has been ill since Monday.她从星期一就病了。
They have been friends since then.自那时起他们就成了朋友。
24 in, into和on,onto
1 in通常表示静态,指物体位置的静止状态,或处于一定范围,意为“在……里”,反义词是out。
There are two knives in the box.盒子里有两把小刀。
They are reading in the classroom.他们在教室里读书。
2 into表示的是动态,指动作的方向,意为“入······之中”,反义词是outof。
He jumped into the river.他跳进河里。
The students went into the classroom one byone.学生们一个接一个走进教室。
提示
fall, put,throw等动词后,可用into或in,这时的in表示的是动态。
He put his hands in/into his pockets.他把手放进衣袋里。
The man threw the ball in/into the water.那人把球扔进水里去了。
3on表示的是静态,指“在……上面”;而onto则表示动态。
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有
一些书。
An apple fell onto the ground.一只苹果掉在了地上。
The workers lifted the cars onto the train.工人们把小汽车吊到火车上。
25 in class和in the class
1 in class意为“在上课,在课堂上,上课时”。
Professor Smith is now in class.史密斯教授正在上课。
2 in the class意为“在这个班上,在这个班里”。
Tom is not in the class.汤姆不在这个班上。My elder brother graduated in the class of2006.我哥哥是2006级毕业生。
26in class 1和in a race中的in含义不同
in class 1中的in表示“在……内”,而in arace中的in表示“参加”,相当于take partin。
Which class is she in 她在哪个班?
Which sport was he in yesterday 他昨天参加了哪项运动?
He was in 800-meter race.他参加了800米赛跑。
She was in a meeting this morning.她今天上午参加了一个会议。
27 in English还是with English
with和in都可以表示“用”,但用法不同,结构分别为:
with+工具名词
in+语言名词或材料名词
Tom did his homework with a pencil.汤姆用铅笔做家庭作业。
He opened the box with a key.他用钥匙打开了箱子。
The letter is written in ink.这封信是用墨水写的。
He wrote a letter in English.他用英语写了一封信。
Please say it in French.请用法语说。
提示
What do you call “chair”in Chinese “Chait”在汉语中叫做什么?
How do you say“chair”in Chinese “Chair”用汉语怎么说?
28 in front, in front of和in the front of
1 in front是副词短语,意为“在前面”,用作状语,同go,run,walk等连用。
He walked in front.他走在前面。
Who ran in front in the match 比赛中谁跑在前面?
2 in front of+名词/代词是介词短语,表示“在……前面”,指在某一范围外的前面,两者可分开,反义词是behind。
There is a big tree in front of the classroom.教室前面有一棵大树。
She ran in front of me.她跑在我的前面。
3 in/at the front of+名词/代词是介词短语,表示“在……的前部/面”,指在某一范围内的前部,两者是包容的,反义词是at the back of。
There is a blackboard in the front of theclassroom.教室的前部有一块黑板。(教室内的前部)
The driver sat in the front of the bus.司机坐在公共汽车的前部。
29 in good health, in red和in a black hat中的in含义不同
1 in good health中的in表示“处于……情况/状态中”。
He is in good health.他身体很好。
She is in trouble.她处于困境中。
The girl is in tears.那个女孩在哭。
2 in red中的in是“in+表示颜色的名词”,表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”。
Who is the girl in red 那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁?
The woman in blue is her mother.那个穿蓝衣服的妇女是她妈妈。
3 ina black hat中的in表示“穿,戴”。The man is in a black hat.那人戴着一顶黑帽子。
He is in aT-shirt.他穿着T恤衫。
30 in hospital和in the hospital1 in hospital意为“住院”,指住院的状态,不具体指某个医院。
She was ill in hospital.她生病住院了。
Mr.Wang was in hospital last week.王老师上星期生病住院了。
2 in the hospital意为“在医院里”,指特定的一家医院。在美式英语中,in the hospital也表示“住院”。
He lives in the hospital.他住在医院里。
My aunt works in the hospital.我姑妈在医院工作。
31 in the team和on the team
1 in the team意为“在球队里”,表示在球队
这个组织里面;on the team意为“当了球队
的队员,是球队的一员”。
比较
Li Ming is in that team.李明在那个球队。
Li Ming is on that team.李明是那个球队的队员。
32 in the tree和on the tree
1 in the tree一般指外来的东西在树上,不是树本身所有,如猫、猴、鸟等在树上。
He saw a cat in the tree.他看见树上有一只猫。
Jack is in the tree. He can't get down.杰克在树上,他下不来了。
2on the tree通常指树本身长出的东西,如枝、叶、花、果等。
There are many apples on the tree.树上有许多苹果。
She's picking oranges on that tree.她在摘那棵树上的橘子。
33 in time, on time和at this time of
1 in time表示“及时”,指来得及赶上一定的时候;还表示“迟早,总有一天”。on time表示“按时,准时”,指按照原来已定的时间不耽误。
The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞。I was just in time for the bus.我正好赶上了那辆班车。
Don't worry, I'm sure things will get better intime.不用担心,情况肯定迟早会好转的。She watered the flowers in time.她及时给花浇了水。(花才没有受旱)
She watered the flowers on time.她按时给花浇水。(如:每天上午10点)
2 at this time of意为“在……的时候”,后跟day,night,spring等。
He is in office at this time of day.白天这个时候他在上班。
She is still at work at this time of night.夜里这个时候她还在工作。
Flowers are all open at this time of spring.春天这个时候花都开了。
It is very cold at this time of winter.冬天这个时候很冷。
提示
在下面的短语中,不用of: at this time last week(上周这个时候),at this time next month(下个月这个时候),at this time tomorrow(明天这个时候)。
34 inside和into
1 into只能用作介词,意为“进入”,表示动
作,常同go,walk,run,fly等动态动词连用;inside用作介词时,意为“在……内,入内”,表示状态或动作,可以同动态动词或静态动词连用。另外,into仅表示由外向内进入,而inside则表示进入到最内部。
He came into the classroom.他进了教室。
He walked inside the classroom.他走进教室里面。
The pen is inside your box.(正)那支钢笔在你的盒子里面。(表示状态)
The pen is into your box. (误) (into不能表示状态)
2 inside还可以用作副词,into则不可。
Please come inside; it is cold outside.请进来吧,外面冷。
He asked her to go inside.他要她进去。
提示
inside的反义词是outside,into的反义词是out of。
35 like和as用作介词
1 like作介词时意为“像”,表示相似关系。It is like a ball.它像一个球。
She is like my aunt.她像我姑姑。
2 as作介词意为“作为,看作”,表示“职业,作用,职务”等。
As a student you should study hard.作为学生,你要努力学习。
She worked as a waitress in a hotel.她在一家饭店当服务员。
提示
like常用在look,feel和be动词后。
She looks like her mother.她看上去像她母亲。It looks like rain.好像要下雨了。
36 like this和like that
like this意为“像这样”,like that意为“像那样”,都是固定短语,在句中可以作状语,也可以作表语。
Do it like this,please.请像这样做。(状语)Please don't say like that.请不要那样说。(状语)
Tom is like that.汤姆就是那个样子。(表语)Are all these shoes like this 所有这些鞋子都是这个样子吗? (表语)
37 near和next to
1 near常用作介词或副词。作介词用时,near意为“靠近,在····附近”,后跟名词、代词等。作副词用时,near放在动词后面,意为“在附近,近地”。
He is sitting near the window.他靠近窗户坐着。
The middle school is near a hospital.那所中学靠近一家医院。
National Day is drawing near.国庆节临近了。
2near还可用作形容词,意为“近的,接近的”,作定语或表语。
Which is the nearest way to the station 哪条是去火车站的最近的路?
The post office is quite near.邮局离得很近。3next to为介词短语,后跟名词,意为“靠近,相邻,贴近”。
She sits next to me in class.在班上她坐在我旁边。
They are lying next to each other.他们相互靠近躺着。
38 of和in
1 of意为“在·····…中,··…·…之中的”,指属于某类,表示属性。
Most of the students have passed the exam.大多数的学生都通过了考试。
2 in意为“在……内,在……里”,指在某范围内。
We're in the same class.我们在同一个班上。I can finish it in a week.我能在一周内完成它。
39 on earth, on the earth和inthe earth
1or earth意为“究竟,到底”,用于nothing,who,when,what等后面,起强调作用。What on earth can he be doing 他究竟在干什么?
Nothing on earth can make me change mymind.无论什么都不能使我改变主意。
2 on the earth意为“在地球上,在地上”。We live on the earth.我们住在地球上。3 in the earth意为“在地里,在土中,在地下”。
She buried the seeds in the earth.她把种子埋在地下。
I saw some footprints in the wet earth.我看见湿土中有些脚印。
40 on Sunday, on Sundays和on a Sunday
1 on Sunday意为“在星期天”,既可用于将来时,相当于next Sunday,也可用于过去时,相当于last Sunday,还可用于一般现在时,表示通常的情况,相当于on Sundays。I often go to the park on Sunday.我星期天常去公园。
There is no school on Sunday.星期天不上学。
2on Sundays表示通常的情况,相当于everySunday,通常用于一般现在时。
I often go downtown on Sundays.我常常星期天进城。
3on a Sunday相当于on acertain Sunday,指过去或将来的某一个星期天。
She will come to see you on a Sunday nextmonth.她将在下月某个星期天来看你。
41 on the corner, at the corner和in the corner
1 on the corner表示在“某物外部的某个拐角上”,指在一个点上,也可用at,round或around;at the corner 表示“在拐角处”,指180度以上的角;in the corner表示在“某物内部的角落里”,指在角落里面。
She stopped on the corner.她在拐角处停了下来。
I met her on/at the corner of ZhongshanRoad.我在中山路的拐弯处遇见了她。
There is a bookstore at the corner.拐角上有一家书店。
I found the pen in the corner of the room.我在房间的角落里找到了那支钢笔。
There's a post office round the corner.拐弯处有一个邮局。
The bakery is around the corner.面包店就在拐角附近。
2也可说at/in/on the+名词corner。
A car is waiting on the street corner.小车正在街的拐角处等着。
42 on the wall和in the wall
on the wall表示“在墙的表面上”,in thewall表示“在墙壁里面”,如窗、洞、门等。
There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。(画在墙上)
There is a window in the wall.墙上有一扇窗户。(窗在墙内)
A girl is playing on the grass.一个女孩在草地上玩。(在草地上)
A girl is lying in the grass.一个女孩躺在草丛里。(草较深)
43 over, on和above
1 over表示“翻越,越过(一个高的物体)”,“穿过(大街或路)”。
He can jump over the wall.他能够跳过那堵墙。
She walked over the street.她走过大街。(相当于walk across)
2 over表示“到处,遍及”。
They come from all over the world.他们来自世界各地。
There is water all over the road.路上到处都是水。
3 over表示“盖着,覆盖”。
She put a piece of paper over the photo.她用一张纸把那张照片盖起来。
She put her hands over her eyes.她用手遮住双眼。
4 over表示“在·…·…上方,在·……上面”,表
示垂直在上,在正上方,与under相对。The sky is over our heads.天空在我们的头上。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
5over表示“多于,超过”。
She has stayed here for over two months.她在这里待两个多月了。
The temperature is over/above 20 degreescentigrade.气温在20℃以上。
6on指物体在表面上,与该物体接触。There is a lamp on the desk.书桌上有一个台灯。
7 above表示“在……上”,可能垂直在上,也可能不垂直在上,指的是上下的位置,与below相对。
A plane is flying above the mountain.有一架飞机在山的上方飞。
She saw the moon above the hill.她看见月亮在小山的上方。
提示
不表示“正上方”时,不可用over。下面的句中只能用above,不用over。
She is above telling a lie.她不屑说谎。
I heard a cry from above.我听见叫喊声从上方传
来。
44 round和around
1 这两个词均可用作介词,都可以表示“围着,环绕”。round常同动态动词连用,如fly,walk,go,travel等;around常同静态动词连用,如sit,lie,stand等。
The birds are flying round the building.鸟正围着那幢大楼飞。
The students are standing around the desk.学生们站在桌子周围。
2 round和around均可用来表示环形和曲线的动作。
He turned round/around and waved goodbye to her.他转过身来向她挥手道别。
She saw them sitting round/around a hugetable.她看见他们围着一张大桌子坐着。
3 round和around均可表示“到处,在各处,在附近”等无一定方向的运动或无一定地点的位置,或在某地各处观光、游览。
Is there a bank round/around the place 附近有银行吗?
I'd like to walk round/around the university.我想到大学各处走走。
45 to the east of,in the eastof和on the east
1 to the east/west/south/north of表示“在某范围外的东方/西方/南方/北方”。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。
Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai.南京在上海的西边。
2in the east/west/south/north of表示“在某范围内的东部/西部/南部/北部”。
Suzhou is in the southeast of China.苏州在中国的东南部。
The city is in the east of China.那座城市在中国的东部。
3on the east/west/south/north of意为“邻接·····…的东部/西部/南部/北部”。
Vietnam is on the south of China.越南与中国的南部接壤。
Zhejiang is on the southeast of Jiangsu.浙江与江苏的东南部邻接。
46 to用作介词和不定式符号的区别
1to可以作介词,也可以是不定式符号。作介词用时,to表示“给,到”等意。
She sent a letter toJim.她给吉姆寄了一封信。
He took his sister to school.他把他妹妹带到了学校。
They carried the desks to the classroom.他们把书桌搬到了教室里。
2to又是动词不定式符号,常用在want to do sth.,wish to do sth., would like to do sth.,ask sb.to do sth.tell sb.to do sth.等结构中。He'd like to try again.他想再试一次。
He told her to wait under a tree.他叫她在一棵树下等着。
47 with引导的短语怎样用作定语或状语
1with为介词,引导的短语可以用作定语,但要放在被修饰的名词后面,表示人或物的特征,意为“带有,具有……的特征”。She is a girl with blue eyes and golden hair.她是个金发碧眼的姑娘。
Nanjing is a city with a long history.南京是一座历史悠久的城市。
2with引导的短语可以用作状语,意为“用,以”,指所用工具等。
He cut the meat with a new knife.他用一把新刀切肉。
I filled the cup with water.我给这个杯子倒满水。
I lent him the book with pleasure.我高兴地把书借给了他。
3情说3导的短语可以用作状语,表示伴随
She came in with a book in hand.她手里拿着一本书进来了。
He is reading with the radio on.他开着收音机读书。
With a smile she came downstairs.她面带笑容走下楼来。
With your help, I can finish the work.在你的帮助下,我能够完成这项工作。
4 with引导的短语可以用作状语,表示“和,同,同……一起”。
The teacher,with his family, is watching TV.老师在和家人一起看电视。
Tom, with two other boys, is playing in thegarden.(正)汤姆和另外两个男孩在院子里玩耍。
Tom, with two other boys,are playing in thegarden.(误)(with短语是作状语用的,句中的谓语动词要同主语Tom一致)
48 with和without
这两个词是反义介词,with表示“带有,有”。without表示“没有”。
The girl came in with a picture in her hand.那个女孩手里拿着一幅画进来了。
The girl can't do it without your help.没有你的帮助,那个女孩做不了这件事。
We can buy almost everything with money.我们用钱可以买到几乎所有的东西。
We can't buy anything without money.没钱我们就买不了东西。
The man with glasses is her father.那个戴眼镜的是她父亲。
The man can't read books without glasses.那人不戴眼镜就不能看书
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