2022年中考英语辨析系列--- (6)形容词和副词易错点精析

形容词和副词易错点精析
87 a half和half a
1 a half表示“半，一半”，常用于“one and a half”，“two and a half”,“a+单数名词+and a half”结构中。这种结构作主语时，动词的单、复数要根据ahalf前的名词或代词而定。
I walked one and a half hours. 我步行了一个半小时。
Two days and a half will be enough.两天半就够了。
2 half a表示“某物····…的一半”，修饰单数
名词。
He drank half a bottle of wine.他喝了半瓶酒。
提示
halfa和ahalf有时可换用。
halfamile半英里
a half mile
half an hour半小时
a half hour
88 a little, a bit和a bit of
1 a little和a bit of可以修饰不可数名词，常可换用，意为“一点儿，少量的”，但abit不可修饰名词。
He wants to borrow a little money.他想借一点钱。
=He wants to borrow a bit of money.
There is only a little (of) water in the bottle.(正)瓶子里只有一点水了。
There is only a bit of water in the bottle.(正)There is only a bit water in the bottle.(误)2 a little和a bit都可以修饰形容词或副词原级，表示“有些，有点儿”，这时常可换用。abit of不可修饰形容词或副词。
他有点吃惊。
He is a little surprised.
He is a bit surprised.
她有点累了。
She is a little tired.
She is a bit tired.
These shoes are a little too big for him.这些鞋对他有点太大了。
=These shoes are a bit too big for him.
3 a little和a bit都可以修饰形容词或副词比较级。
He felt a little better today.他今天感到好一点了。
=He felt a bit better today.
He runs a little faster than you.他跑得比你快一点。
=He runs a bit faster than you.
4 a little和abit都可作主语或宾语。
A bit is enough.一点就够了。
Ihave only a little.我只有一点。
5 强调“……中有一点儿……”，可用a littleof+名词。
She knows a little of everything.她什么都懂
一点。
6not a little和not a bit的意思正好相反。
(1)not a little表示“很，十分，很多的”，
相当于very much。
The little girl is not a little clever.这小女
孩相当聪明。
She spent not a little on clothes.她买衣服花了很多钱。
(2) not a bit表示“毫不，一点也不”，相当于not at all, not in the least。
He is not a bit tired.他一点也不累。
She is not a bit like her mother.她一点也不像她母亲。
7 little和bit也都可以作名词。little没有复数，bit的复数是bits。
He has done little today.他今天没做多少事。She made a supper from the bits.她用吃剩的食物做了一顿晚饭。
89 a moment, at the moment和the moment
1 amoment意为“一会儿”，可单独使用，有时同介词in或for连用，指很短的一段时间。
Let me think a moment.让我想一会儿。He'll be back in a moment.他一会儿就回来。
Wait a moment,please
Just a moment, please
One moment,please 请稍等。(打电话用语)2 at the moment用在现在时的句子中表示“此刻，这时”，相当于this moment；用在过去时的句子中表示“那时”，相当于thatmoment。
He's doing his homework at the moment.他现在正在做作业。
The weather in Nanjing was not very good at the moment.当时南京的天气不太好。
I could not think of her name at the moment.我当时想不起她的名字了。
3the moment可用作连词，表示“一··…·…就”，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soonas。
I'll call you the moment I get home.我一到家就给你打电话。
90 a number of和the number of
1 a number of相当于many，意为“许多”或“若干”，也可以说αlarge/ great number of或asmall number of(不多)，后跟复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数。
I have a large number of books to read.我有许多书要读。
Only a small number of students like the film.仅有一小部分学生喜欢这部电影。
2 the number of表示“······的总数”，of后跟复数名词。在这个结构中，the number是主语，谓语动词要用单数。
The number of students in this class are 40.(误)
The number of students in this class is 40.(正)这个班的人数是40。
比较
A number of books are on the desk.有许多书在桌子上。
The number of books is rising.书的数量在增加。
91 afraid和anxious
1 afraid表示“害怕，恐惧”，afraid通常属于个人性质，害怕身体受到伤害，还表示轻微的顾虑。
She's afraid of dogs.她怕狗。
He was so afraid that his face turned pale.他吓得面色苍白。
I'm afraid a quarrel is inevitable.恐怕一场争吵难以避免。
2 anxious表示“忧虑的，担心的”，还表示“渴望的，急切的”。
She was anxious about the children.她为孩子们担心。
We are all anxious about/for his safety.我们都为他的安全而忧虑。
He is anxious to please his guests.他很想讨客人们欢心。
92 ago和before的用法难点
1 ago一般只作副词，不可单独使用，应放在表示时间的名词短语或副词后面，如fivedays ago (5天前)，不可说ago five days。用aqo时，表示从现在算起“多少时间之前”，指的是一个过去时间点，句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。
He left for Shanghai five days ago.他5天前去上海了。
It was not long ago that she left the school.她不久前才离开这所学校的。
2 before作副词用时，可以单独使用，表示“以前”，句中谓语动词用现在完成时。I have never met her before.我以前从未见过她。
Have you ever been to Beijing before 你以前曾经到过北京吗？
3before作副词用时，可以同表示一段时间的名词短语连用，但只能用于名词短语后面，不能用在前面。before所表示的这种时间，是指过去的某个时间，意为“在过去某个时间之前发生了什么事”，所以句中谓语动词要用过去完成时。
I had met her three days before.(正)我3天前遇见过她。
I had met her before three days. (误)
I met her three days before.(误)(应用ago)
She had returned five hours before. (正)她5小时前回来了。
She returned five hours ago. (正)
4before作介词或连词用时，后跟表示某个时间点的词语(时刻、日期、年代等)，不能跟表示一段时间的词语。这种句子中的时态要根据不同情况而定。
She always gets up before five o'clock.她总是在5点钟前起床。(一般现在时)
He went there before eight o'clock.他8点钟之前去那里了。(一般过去时)
I shall tell you before I leave for Nanjing.我动身去南京前将会告诉你。(一般将来时)
93 alike和like
1alike作形容词表示“相像的，同样的”，一般只作表语；alike也可用作副词，表示“样地，相似地”。
The two brothers are very alike.这兄弟俩非常相像。
They are somewhat alike in their beliefs.他们的信仰有些相似。
The two sisters dressed almost alike.姐妹俩穿着几乎一样的衣服。
They thought alike.他们的想法一样。
2like作形容词表示“相像的，相似的”，可作表语或前置定语；like也可用作介词。The picture is not like.这幅画画得不像。He received a like amount of money.他收到了一笔相同数目的钱。
You must do it like this.你必须照这样做。
94 alive, living和live
1 alive意为“活的，活着的”，强调活着，通常作表语，常与dead对照使用，也可作定语，但要放在所修饰的名词后面。
She is still alive.她还活着。
He is the greatest writer alive.他是健在的最伟大的作家。
2living可表示“活的”，可作定语，放在名词前，也可作表语。
He is one of the best living novelists in China.他是中国健在的最优秀的小说家之一。He was still living when his wife died.他妻子死的时候他还活着。
3live作形容词发音为［1aIv]，通常指物，意为“活的”，放在所修饰的名词前。live作形容词也可修饰人，意为“生气勃勃的，充满活力的”。
It is a live fish.这是一条活鱼。
They are live young men.他们都是生气勃勃的年轻人。
提示
live作动词发音为[1 I v]，意为“住，居住”。
95 all用作副词在句中的位置
all作副词用时，意为“都，全部”，在句中要放在be动词、情态动词和助动词后，行为动词前。
They are all in the classroom.他们都在教室里。
They have all worked hard.他们工作都非常努力。
They all like the film.他们都喜欢这部电影。
提示
如果句子末尾只有be动词、情态动词或助动词，all要放在这个be动词、情态动词或助动词的前面。
—Are they fond of sports —Yes,they all are.一他们喜爱运动吗？一是的，他们都喜爱。
How clever you all are! 你们都是多么聪明啊！—Did you see the film —Yes, we all did.—你们看过那部电影了吗？一是的，我们都看了。
96 all和all of
all和all of均可放在有限定词(如冠词、物主代词等)修饰的名词前，但如果名词前没有限定词，要用all，而不可用all of。
Have you done all your homework 你的家庭作业都做完了吗？
It rained all the time we were on holiday.我们放假的时候总是下雨。
All of the trees need watering.所有这些树都需要浇水了。
She stayed in her room all day.她一整天待在房间里。
All of students have gone for an outing.(误)All of the students have gone for an outing.(正)全体学生都去郊游了。
提示
all of后可接宾格人称代词(us,them,you)，而all则不可。
All of them agreed with me about this issue.他们都同意我关于这个问题的看法。
97 all, both和each
1 all意为“都”，强调整体，与复数名词连用时，指三者或三者以上。all还可以同单数可数名词或不可数名词连用。
We are all Chinese.我们都是中国人。
All horses are animals.所有的马都是动物。I wandered in the hills all afternoon.我整个下午都在山里漫游。
2 both意为“两者都”。
They are both in Grade Three.他们两人都是
3年级。
=Both of them are in Grade Three.
3 all和both都可以与限定词the,these,my,your等连用。
All their houses were burned down.他们所有的房屋都烧毁了。
Both these rooms are not big enough.这两个房间都不够大。
4 each意为“每一”，强调个别，指个体。Each of them has a pen.他们每人都有一支钢笔。
98 all day和all night
all day意为“整天”，相当于all the day,all day long; all night意为“整夜”，相当于all
the night, all night long。all day和all night都是副词词组，用作状语。
He is busy all day.他整天都在忙。
He stays in the room all day.他整天都待在房间里。
She worked all night.她整夜都在工作。
The man slept in the open all night.那人整夜都睡在户外。
提示
注意不可说all days,all the days, all nights,all thenights。
99 all right的两种常见用法
1 表示身体“良好”，病“好了”。
A: How are you feeling now 你现在感觉怎样？
B:I am feeling all right.我感觉良好。
2 表示“行，好吧”。
A:May I sit here 我可以坐在这里吗？
B: All right.好的。
提示
That's all right.意为“没什么。”或“不用谢。”，是回答Thank you.或Thanksalot.的用语。
100all和whole都可以表示“所有的，全部的”，但用法不同
1all要用在定冠词、形容词性物主代词和
these、those等限定词的前面，通常修饰复
数名词和不可数名词。
2whole要用在定冠词、数词等限定词的后
面，通常修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词，但也可修饰被看成一个整体的复数名词。
比较
All the money has been spent.所有的钱都花光了。
The whole money has been spent.
All the Chinese people love peace.全体中国人都热爱和平。
The whole Chinese people love peace.
The whole room is clean and tidy.(正)整个房
间都清洁整齐。
All the room is clean and tidy. (误)
It has rained for five whole hours. (正)雨已经整整下了5个小时。
It has rained for whole five hours.(误)
She stayed here for four whole days.她在这里整整待了4天。
All five men were tired out.他们5个人都精疲力竭了。
He drank a whole bottle.他喝了整整一瓶。
101 almost, nearly和hardly1almost意为“几乎，差不多”，后面常跟any, no, never, none, nothing, nobody, every,everybody,everything，还常跟数词，但almost不可与not连用。
He had almost nothing to do that day.那天他几乎没有什么事做。
Almost every student has come.几乎每个学生都到了。
The watch cost me almost 20 yuan.这块表差不多花了我20元。
It is almost too much.这简直太过分了。She had almost no money. (正)她几乎没有钱了。
She had almost not money.(误)
2almost还可以表示“差一点”，修饰动词、形容词或名词。
I almost fell off my bike.我差一点儿从自行车上摔下来。
The car almost knocked the tree down.汽车差点儿把那棵树撞倒。
She almost passed the maths exam.她差一点就通过数学考试了。(但没通过)
She is almost top of the match.她差一点就是这场比赛的冠军。
3nearly也表示“几乎，差不多”，语气比almost弱，nearly不可同any,no,never, none,理用”但修打间词数置如有年能词时9用almost和nearly都可以。在not,pretty,very之后，只能用nearly。
修饰时间词：
It is nearly six o'clock. (正)快6点了。It is almost six o'clock. (正)
修饰数量词：
He has nearly 500 yuan.(正)他差不多有500元。
He has almost 500 yuan. (正)
修饰年龄词：
She is nearly fifteen years old.(正)她快要15岁了。
She is almost fifteen years old.(正)
They are not nearly ready.(正)他们还远没有准备好。
They are not almost ready. (误)(almost不可与not连用)
I have nearly nothing to say. (误)
I have almost nothing to say.(正)我几乎没有什么可说。
I have nearly never seen such a thing.(误)I have almost never seen such a thing. (正)我几乎从未见过这样的事。
4 almost表示的距离比nearly更近一些，相当于very nearly。
It is nearly supper time.快吃晚饭了。
It is almost supper time.马上就要吃晚饭了。
提示
在不能比较和衡量的情况下，可用almost，但不可用nearly。
The tiger is almost human.(正)这只老虎通人性。
The tiger is nearly human.(误)
5hardly意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，因
此所在句中的谓语动词要用肯定式，反意疑问句中的附加问句也要用肯定式。hardly常同any连用，但不可同no,nothing,nobody等否定词连用。
比较不同的结构：
hardly any+复数名词或不可数名词
=almost+no+复数名词或不可数名词hardly a+单数名词
=almost no+单数名词
I can hardly hear you.我几乎听不见你讲话。Hean hardk iec who be is.我儿乎看不落他是He hardly believes it,does he (正)他几乎不相信这个，是吗？
He hardly believes it, doesn't he (误)
There are hardly any books on the shelf.书架上几乎没有书了。
There are almost no books on the shelf.
I have hardly any money with me.我身上几乎没有钱了。
I have almost no money with me.
There is hardly a cloud in the sky.天空中几乎没有一片云。
There is almost no cloud in the sky.
102 alone和lonely
1 alone作形容词用时，意为“单独的”，只可作表语或宾语补足语，不可作定语。
The girl was alone.只有这女孩一个人。We're alone here.这里就我们这几个人。You can't leave her alone.你不能让她独个儿留下。
2 alone作副词用时，意为“只有，仅仅”，要放在名词或代词后面。
Jim alone went there.只有吉姆到那里去了。He alone bought a ticket.仅有他一人买了票。
3 lonely仅用作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，可以用作定语或表语。
The old man feels lonely.那位老人感到很孤独。
The lonely old man is taking a walk along thelake.那位寂寞的老人正沿着湖边散步。
提示
①alone仅表示客观情况，指独自一人，没有助手或同伴，不表示心情；lonely指人的心境，感到孤独，渴望伴侣，表示主观心理。
He was alone at home.就他一个人在家。
He was lonely at home.他在家里很孤独。
②lonely还有“荒僻的，荒凉的”含义。
He walked along the lonely beach.他沿着荒凉的海滩走着。
She was born in a lonely mountain village.她出生在一个偏僻的山村。
103 already,still 和yet
1already意为“已经”，表示一个动作已经完成，用于完成时，通常用于肯定句。
I have already written to her.我已经给她写过信了。
The bridge has already been built.这座桥已经造好了。
2still意为“仍然，还”，表示某事正在进行中或正在过程中，用于进行时或一般现在时，且常用于肯定句，有时也用于疑问句和否定句。
They are still talking in the room.他们仍在房间里谈话。
She is still very young.她仍然很年轻。(正在…·过程中)
Is he waiting still 他还在等吗？
3yet意为“已经”，通常用于疑问句和否定句，要用完成时；not..yet表示“还没有”，也常用于完成时，有时用一般现在时。
Have you finished your work yet 你已经把工作做完了吗？
He hasn't done his homework yet.他还没有做完家庭作业。
She isn't home yet.她还没有到家。
104 always能否同进行时态连
always可以同现在进行时或过去进行时连用，指某个反复发生的行为动作，表示说话人的某种感彩，如赞美、厌烦、不耐烦、批评等。
He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。(赞赏)
She's always asking the same question.她总是问同一个问题。(厌烦)
He is always forgetting things.他老是忘这忘那的。(批评)
She said the man was always making trouble.她说那人老是找麻烦。(厌烦)
Tom is always talking in class.汤姆老是在上课时讲话。(批评)
提示
如果用一般现在时，则表示一个事实。
She always works late.她总是工作得很晚。(说明事实)
She is always working late.她总是工作得很晚。(表示赞赏)
105 always和all the time都可表示“总是，一直”
1 always强调动作的重复，常用于一般现在时中。
I always get up at five in the morning.我总是早晨5点钟起床。
He always thinks himself more clever thanothers.他总是认为自己比别人聪明。
2all the time强调连续性，表示自始至终，常放在句尾。
The girls were singing and dancing all the time暗中。pary.晚会上，女孩子们一直跳呀，The door is closed all the time.那门一直关着。
提示
有时，always和all the time可换用，意思上差别不大，但位置不同。
She is busy all the time.她一直在忙着。
She is always busy.她总是忙着。
106 always, often和usually
1 always表示“总是”，指没有例外，位于行为动词前，be动词或助动词后。
Night always follows day.黑夜与白昼总是相继。
He always goes home at the weekend.他总是在周末回来。
She is always busy.她总是忙。
2 often意为“经常”，指某动作经常发生，句中位置与always相同。表示强调时，often可放在句首或句尾。
I often go swimming on Sundays.我经常在星期天去游泳。
He is often late.他常常迟到。
She hasn't been to the park very often.她不常去那个公园。
3 usually意为“通常”，指某种惯常的行为。I usually get up at six in the morning.我通常在早上6点钟起床。
He usually goes to school by bus.他通常乘公共汽车上学。
107 angry with, angry about和angry at
1 angry with+某人表示对某人生气或发怒。
He is angry with his sister.他在生妹妹的气。She got angry with him for being lazy.她因他懒惰而生他的气。
2angry about+某事表示对某事生气。
Pp e snan abour he nater不要为那件He was angry about the broken window.他为窗户被打破了而发怒。
3 angry at+某人的言行或某种行为表示对某人的言行或某种行为生气。
I'm angry at what he has said.我对他说的话感到生气。
The teacher was angty at his answer.老师对他的回答很生气。
提示
angry可以用quite,rather,very,pretty等修饰。He was rather angry at missing the train.他因没赶上火车而非常恼火。
108 another, more和somemore
1 another作形容词时，意为“另一个，再一个”，结构为：another+单数名词。
Please drink another cup of tea.请再喝一杯
茶。
Please give me another book.请给我另一本书。
2 more作形容词时，意为“更多的，额外的”，结构为：
more+复数名词/不可数名词
限定词+more+复数名词/不可数名词I need more time.我需要更多的时间。
He bought three more books.他又买了3本书。
He needs some more tea. (正)他还需要一点茶。
He needs more some tea.(误)
3 some more意为“再来一些，再来一点”。I'd like some more milk.我想再来点牛奶。
109 any后可以跟哪些名词
any用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，表示“一些，什么”时，后面可以跟不可数名词或复数名词，但不可跟单数可数名词；同样，作代词用时，any可以指代不可数名词或复数名词，但不可指代单数可数名词。Is there any ink in the bottle 瓶子里有墨水吗？(后跟不可数名词)
We haven't got any tickets. (正)我们没有票。(后跟复数名词)
We haven't got any ticket. (误)
如果盒子里有钢笔，请告诉我。
If there are any pens in the box, please tell me.(正)(后跟复数名词)
If there are any pen in the box, please tell me.(误)
If there is any pen in the box,please tell me.(误)
He wanted to drink some water but there wasn't any.他想要喝点水，但是一点儿也没有。(替代不可数名词)
She wanted to borrow some books but no one lent her any.她想借些书，但是没有人借给她。(替代复数名词)
Has he got a bike No, he hasn't got one.(正)他有自行车吗？他没有。
Has he got a bike No,he hasn't got any.(误)(any不可修饰或替代单数可数名词)
提示
any表示“任何”，用于肯定句中时，可以同单数可数名词或不可数名词连用。
Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。Any one of the plans will do.这些方案哪一个都行。We saw some trees along the river bank.我们看见河岸上有一些树。
Could you lend me some money 你借些钱给我好吗？
Will you have some cake 吃些蛋糕好吗？
112“any other+单数名词”和“other+复数名词”的用法
在比较结构中，any other+单数名词表示同一类人或物中的其他任何一个，other+复数名词表示同一类人或物中的所有其他的人或物。
他比班上任何别的学生学习都努力。
He studies harder than any other student in the class. (正)
He studies harder than other students in the class. (正)
He studies harder than any students in the class. (误)
这棵树比公园里的任何其他树都高。
This tree is taller than any other tree in the park. (正)
This tree is the tallest in the park.(正)这棵树是公园里最高的。
This tree is taller than any trees in the park.(误)(不合逻辑)
113 as...as的否定式有几种
as+形容词或副词原级+as意为“同……一样”，表示同等比较，它的否定式可有两种形式：
不如……
not so...as
not as...as
This box is as big as that one.这个盒子同那个盒子一样大。
This box is not so big as that one.这个盒子不如那个盒子大。
She sings as well as Mary. (正)她唱得同玛丽一样好。
She doesn't sing as well as Mary. (正)她唱得不如玛丽好。
She sings as better as Mary. (误)
She sings not as well as Mary. (误)(应否定谓语)
114 away和off
1 away表示“离开”，可指状态或动作。Don't go away.不要走开。
He walked slowly away.他慢慢走开了。
Mom told him to take the toys away.妈妈叫他把玩具拿走。
2 off作副词表示“分离，脱离，脱落，下(车)”等，有位置移换的含义。
I must be off now.我现在该走了。
Take off your shoes.把你的鞋子脱掉。
I'll get off at the next stop.我将在下一站下车。
Keep off勿走近！
115 bad和badly的比较级和最高级均为worse[wa:s］，
worst [wa:s t ]
1 bad是形容词，意为“坏的，严重的”。Her eyesight is bad.她的视力不佳。
They are bad at tennis.他们网球打得不好。It is a bad accident.这是一个严重事故。2 badly是副词，意为“坏，恶劣地，剧烈地”。
He was treated badly there.他在那里受到虐待。
Don't speak badly of others.不要讲别人的坏话。
Her foot was badly hurt.她的脚伤得很厉害。
提示
badly还可表示“很，非常”。
We need the money badly.我们非常需要那笔钱。
116 bad和ill
1 bad意为“坏的”，指不好、不道德的、邪恶的人或东西，反义词是good。bad还可表示“厉害的，严重的”。
Jack was a bad boy.杰克是个坏孩子。
I had a bad cold last week.我上周患重感冒。2 ill表示“恶的，坏的，不好的”时，与bad近义，仅作定语；il还可作表语，表示“病的，生病的”；ill也可用作副词，表示“不好，恶劣地”等，ill treated/used表示“受虐待”。
Ill news spreads fast.坏事传千里。
She was suddenly taken ill at school.她突然病倒在学校里。
The animals are ill treated in the zoo.这家动物园的动物受虐待。
117 bad和wrong
1 bad表示“坏的，不好的”，指人、行为、
习惯、消息、食物等。
It is bad news.这是坏消息。
Your handwriting is so bad that I can't read it.你写的字太差，我几乎认不出来。
2wrong表示“不正确的，错的，有毛病的”。It is wrong to speak ill of others.说别人的坏话是不好的。
The answer is wrong.这个答案是错的。What's wrong with the machine 这台机器有什么问题？
118 be afraid of和be afraid to1 be afraid of后接名词、动名词或代词，意为“害怕某人或是事”，对某物或某事心存恐惧或担心。
Most of us are afraid of snakes.我们大多数人都怕蛇。
She is afraid of speaking in front of the public.她怕在公众面前说话。
2be afraid to接动词原形，意为“怕／不敢做某事”，指根据常识或经验觉得做某事有后患而不敢去做。
She is afraid to go there.她不敢去那里。
He is afraid to swim in the river.他不敢在那条河里游泳。
He is afraid to go out at night.他不敢在夜间出去。
提示
be afraid not和be afraid so可用于回答问题。
A:Will it rain in the afternoon 下午会下雨吗？
B: I am afraid not.恐怕不会。
B: I am afraid so.恐怕会。
119 beautiful, pretty,
handsome和fair都可以表示
“美丽的，漂亮的”
1 beautiful为常用词，强调给人以美感或华贵印象，可修饰人或物。beautiful修饰人时，一般指女子。
She has beautiful and bright eyes.她有着美丽而明亮的大眼睛。
These flowers are really beautiful.这些花真美。
I have never heard such a beautiful song.我从没听到过这么美的歌曲。
She likes to wear a beautiful hat.她喜欢戴一顶漂亮的帽子。
2pretty有“秀美，娇媚”之意，不如beautiful意义强烈，是一种单纯可爱的美，常用于修饰娇小伶俐的年轻姑娘，也用于指男孩或漂亮精致的东西。
The pretty girl gave asweet smile.那漂亮可爱的小女孩甜甜地笑了笑。
The garden is small but pretty.这花园虽小但却很精致。
What a pretty little house!多可爱的一栋小房子啊！
3 handsome形容男子时表示“英俊，潇洒，有风度”；handsome形容女子时表示“健壮、大方的美”；形容建筑物则表示“堂皇的，高大美观的”。
He is a handsome young man.他是个年轻英俊的男子。
The new museum is a handsome building.新博物馆是一座富丽堂皇的建筑。
4 fair意为“漂亮的”，现代英语中很少用，重在女性外表美，脸面美，不用于男性。The fair lady doesn't have a kind heart.那女人虽漂亮但心肠不好。
120 before long和long before
1before long意为“不久，很快，一会儿后”，相当于soon，after ashort while，多用于将来时或过去时中。
He will return before long.他不久就会返回的。
Before long they got enough money to build the school.不久，他们就弄到了足够的钱建造那所学校。
2long before意为“很久以前”，相当于long
ago，before是副词，常用于过去时中。
He met her long before.他很久以前遇见过她。
They left their hometown long before.他们很久以前就离开了家乡。
121 big, large,huge和great1 big和large表示“大”时，都可以指体积，面积，规模，范围或数量，large更正式一点。
This room is bigger/larger than that one.这个房间比那个房间更大。
There is a large/big bed near the window.靠窗有一个大床。
2 big形容人时，强调重量或表示“要人”；而large则表示个头高大。
alia man.他是个大个头。/他是一位He is a large man.他个头大。
提示
big带有感彩，对应词是little，large无感彩，对应词是small。
Don't cry. You are a big boy now.别哭了，你现在是个大孩子了。
It is a large house.这是一所大房子。
3 huge表示“巨大的，庞大的”，常指体积超越一定标准的大，如山、岩石、船等。
That is a huge animal.那是个庞大的动物。This temple is made of several thousand hugestones.这座寺庙是由几百块巨石建成的。4 great意为“伟大的，大的”，常指人、行为、品格、能力、数量等，或指事物的重要，含有丰富的感彩；有时表示具体东西的“大”。
The Chinese people are a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。
It is one of the greatest plays in the world.这是世界上最伟大的戏剧之一。
It is a great loss to him.这对他是一个损失。The matter is of great importance.这件事极为重要。
It is a great progress.这是个巨大进步。
提示
great在口语中常表示“很好，好极了，太棒了”。
You're great!太棒了！
That's great!那好极了！
122 black和dark
1black作形容词，指颜色是“黑色的”；black作名词，意为“黑色”，对应词是white。
I have a black pen.我有一支黑色的钢笔。Black is his favourite colour.黑色是他最喜欢的颜色。
2dark作形容词，主要指颜色是“深色的”，光线是“暗淡的，暗的”；dark作名词，意为“黑暗，日暮”。
It is a dark blue coat.这是一件深蓝色的外套。
It is getting dark.天渐渐黑了。
The man ran away from the prison in thedark.那人乘黑夜逃出了监狱。
123 bright, clever，wise和smart
1 bright常指年轻人或孩子，意为“聪明的，灵敏的”，强调天资聪颖，谈吐机敏，其反义词是dull或dense。
He is a bright boy.他是一个聪明的男孩。
She is one of the brightest students in theclass.她是班上最聪明的学生之一。
提示
bright还可表示“明亮的”。
She has beautiful and bright eyes.她有一双美丽明亮的眼睛。
The room is small but bright.这房间虽小但却明亮。
2 clever可指人或物，意为“机敏的，灵巧的”，强调脑子灵，理解、接受能力强。其反义词是dull或stupid。
He is really a clever boy.他真是个聪明的孩子。
She is clever at drawing birds.她擅长画鸟。
3 wise意为“聪明的，明智的，英明的”，强调经验、学识丰富，判断力强，能恰当地处理人或事，可以指人、行为或事物。
He is wise to make the decision.他做出这个决定是很明智的。
He is a wise leader.他是一位英明的领导人。That is a wise decision.那是一个英明的决定。You were wise to give up smoking.你戒了烟是明智的。
4 smart指在学习和理解方面聪明、机敏、机灵。
She is smarter than her elder sister.她比她姐
姐聪明。
124 broad和wide
1broad意为“宽阔的，辽阔的，宽广的”，指面积的宽阔，常用于修饰shoulder，chest, face,forehead, sea,field等；broad也表示某物“宽”多少。
He is tall and has broad shoulders.他高大魁梧。
There spread before us a broad plain.我们面前展现出辽阔的平原。
The desk is one meter broad.这张桌子一米宽。
2wide意为“宽的，广阔的”，主要指两个边缘间的距离及宽度，修饰street,road,bridge,house等”。
The street is wide and straight.这条大街宽敞、平直。
How wide is the lake 这个湖有多宽？
They travelled across the wide expense ofdesert.他们在广袤的沙漠里旅行。
125 broken,tired和worried能否用作形容词
英语中有些过去分词，可以用作表语或定语，实际上已变为形容词，表示某种状态，如broken意为“破的”，tired意为“累的，疲乏的”，worried意为“担心的，担忧的”等。这类词作表语用时，前面要有连系动
词，如be，feel，look等。
The window is broken.窗子破了。
That is a broken window.那是一扇破窗。He feels tired.他感到疲乏。
Are you tired 你累了吗？
He is worried about her health.他为她的健康担心。
There is a worried look on her face.她脸上有一种忧虑的表情。
126 busy,be busy in,be busywith和be busy doing sth.
1 busy用作形容词表示“忙，忙的”。
The farmers are very busy in autumn.秋天农民很忙。
Are you busy now 你现在忙吗？
2be busy in和be busy with均表示“忙于……”，但其后接的词不同：
(1)be busy in+动名词，in可省略，为bebusy (in) doing sth.
We are busy (in) getting ready for the finalexam.我们都忙着准备期末考试。
She was busy looking after her little sister.她正忙着照看小妹妹。
(2) be busy with+名词
The students are all busy with their
lessons.学生们都在忙功课。
He is busy with his work from morning tillnight.他从早到晚忙着工作。
提示
1不可说be busy to do sth.。
She is busy studying.(正)她正忙着学习。
She is busy with her study.(正)
She is busy to study. (误)
2busy构成的短语还有：busy over+名词，busyoneself in/with doing (使自己忙于·…··)。
They are busy over the arrangement.他们正忙
着安排事宜。
He busied himself in/with answering letters.他忙着回复信件。
127 certain和some
1certain表示“某个”时，指已知但未作说
明的人或物，可用于修饰人名。修饰单数名词时，常用“acertain+单数名词”；修饰复数名词时，certain前不用冠词。
There are certain things I just can't tell you.有些事情我是不能告诉你的。
A certain Mr. Brown called you just now.有一位布朗先生刚才打电话给你。
Certain plants will not grow here.有些植物在这里不能生长。
2some表示“有个，某个”时，指未知、不确指或说话人不愿意具体说明的人或物，修饰单数名词。
Some woman came up to me and asked me the way to the police station.有个女的走过来问我去警察局的路。
He has gone to some place in the south.他到南方某地去了。
There must be some reason for her behaviour.她的行为一定有某种理由的。
128 clean和clear
1 clean用作形容词时，意为“干净的，清洁的”，指没有灰尘或刚清扫过，反义词是dirty。
The air today is nice and clean.今天的空气很清新。
They always keep the classroom clean.他们总是使教室保持清洁。
提示
clean作动词表示“弄干净，擦干净”。
Please clean the room well.请把房间打扫干净。Have you cleaned the kitchen 你打扫过厨房了吗？
2cear用作形容词时，意为“(天气)晴朗的，(言语)清楚的，(图像)清晰的，明亮的”，反义词是muddy。
That was a fine clear day.那是一个晴朗的日子。
You haven't made yourself clear.你还没有把话讲清楚。
The photo is not clear enough.这幅照片不够清晰。
She has clear eyes.她有一双明亮的眼睛。
比较
The water is clean.这水是干净的。
The water is clear.这水是清澈的。
提示
clearly作副词，表示“清楚地，无疑地，显然”。Clearly you are right.显然你是对的。
That's clearly a mistake.那无疑错了。
129 close,near和closely
1 close比near更接近，close可以近到彼此接触，相当于very near，强调“紧挨着”，可指时间、年龄、位置、次序、感情上的接近。close不可用作介词，后跟宾语时，要用close to。
Their school is close to the city wall.他们的学校靠近城墙。
They are quite close.他们靠得很近。
She sat close to the window.她靠近窗户坐着。
2 near可用作介词、形容词或副词，表示距离近或时间近。
The post office is near our school.邮局离我们学校很近。
We'll build a space station in the near future.在不久的将来，我们将建一座空间站。
3 closely意为“仔细地，密切地”。
She examined it closely.她对它进行了仔细检查。
130 common和usual
1common指普普通通的，常见而不足为奇的。
It's a common flower in the countryside.这是乡间一种常见的花。
The disease is common among the old people.
这种病在老年人中很常见。
2usual指常发生、常做的事，某地某时常用、常见的东西，也表示“惯常的，惯例的”。
It is usual for him to go to the office on foot.他通常步行去办公室。
We will meet at the usual time.我们还是在老时间见面。
He got up earlier than usual.他起身比平时早。
131 crazy和mad
1 crazy意为“疯狂的”，指由于悲伤、欣喜、激动等某种强烈的情绪而失去控制的精神状态，还有“蠢的，狂热的，古怪的”等含义。
He's crazy to go out in this weather! 这种天气要外出，他疯了！
She went crazy after the death of her son.她在儿子死后疯了。
2mad意为“疯的，疯狂的”，指失去理智，精神失常；还表示“狂热的，着迷的”。He must be mad to say such a thing.他一定是疯了才会说出这样的话。
Bob is mad about football.鲍勃对足球着了迷。
132 dead, deadly, death,
deathly和die
1 dead是形容词，意为“死的，无生命的”，表示状态，可同表示一段时间的状语连用。The cat is dead.那只猫死了。
She has been dead for five years.她去世已经5年了。
There are dead leaves here and there.到处都是枯叶。
2deadly作形容词用时，意为“致命的”，也可作副词，意为“非常”。
The deadly disease is under the control now.那致命的疾病现已得到控制。
She was deadly tired.她疲惫极了。
3 death是名词，意为“死，死亡”。
Her death is a great loss to them.她的死对他们是一个极大的损失。
He was beaten to death.他被打死了。
She lived in poverty from birth to death.她一生贫穷。
Most people fear death.大多数人怕死。
4deathly作形容词表示“像死一样的”，作副词表示“死一般地，非常地”。
It was deathly quiet in the village.村子里死一般的寂静。
The man's face was deathly pale.那人的面色是死一般的苍白。
5die是动词，意为“死，死亡”，现在分词是dying。die是非延续性动词，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用，不同for短语连用。Those flowers are dying.那些花要死了。All living things must die.所有的生物都必然会死亡。
She has died for three years. (误)
She has been dead for three years. (正)她去世已经3年了。
133 different和various
1different意为“不同的”，可与单数名词或不可数名词连用。
My plan is different from hers.我的计划同她的不同。
It is a different car from the one I drove the other day.这辆车和我前几天开的那一辆不同。
2various意为“各种各样的，不同的”，强调种类多，后跟复数名词。
There are various ways of doing it.做这件事有各种不同的方法。
Various people said they hadseentheaccident.许多人说他们目击了这次事故。
134 difficult和hard
1difficult意为“困难的，艰难的”，通常指智力和行动方面的困难，需要判断力、技巧和特别的能力才能处理，反义词是easy。It's difficult for an old man to learn a language well.对于一位老人来说，学好一门语言是困难的。
I'm in a difficult position.我处境困难。The cave is difficult of access.这个洞穴很难进去。
2 hard意为“艰难的，困难的”，通常指体力上或精神上难以承受的事。
It is hard to climb up the mountain.爬上这座山不容易。
She lived a hard life in those years.那些年里她过着艰辛的生活。
3 hard还可用作副词，意为“努力地，(下雨、下雪等)猛烈地”。
We must work hard.我们必须努力工作。It is raining hard outside.外面正下着大雨。
135 each和every
1 each和every都可以用作形容词，表示“每一个”，作定语。但each强调个别，而every强调整体。
Each child gets a present.每一个孩子都得到
一份礼物。
Every student has a dictionary.每个学生都有一本词典。(相当于All students have dictionaries.)
Every child likes watching TV.每个孩子都爱看电视。(相当于All children like watching TV.)
There are trees on each side of the road.路两边都有树。(不可用every)
3each可作名词，用作主语或宾语，可跟of短语，而every只用作形容词，后直接跟名词，不可跟of短语。
Each of them got an apple.他们每人都得到了一只苹果。(不可用every)
Each has his merits.各有所长。
4 each可作副词，而every则不可。
The tickets are $10 cach.每张票10美元。
136 early和soon
1early表示“早”，指时间早或比指定的、通常的时间早。
We'll have to get up early to go climbingtomorrow.我们明天要早些起床去爬山。The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
2soon意为“不久，很快”，指现在或某指定
时间的不久以后。
He'll be back soon.他很快就回来。
We met again soon after the party.聚会后不久我们又见面了。
137 easy和simple
1 easy意为“容易的”，指做事情不费力，反义词是difficult。
It is an easy question.这是个容易回答的问题。
2simple意为“简单的，易懂的，普通的”，指事物不复杂，能很快掌握，反义词是complex。
It is a simple machine.这是一台简单的机器。A knife is one of the simplest of tools.刀是一种最普通的工具。
Those are the buildings in a simple style.那些是样式简单的建筑物。
138 elder,eldest,older和
oldest均为old的比较级和最高级形式，但含义不同
1elder和eldest用于表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼排行，意为“年长的”，不同than连用。
My elder brother is a teacher.我哥哥是一位教师。
Her eldest sister is 30 years old.她大姐30岁
了。
2 older和oldest表示年龄的大小或事物的新旧，意为“年老的，年纪大的”。
My elder brother is three years older thanme/I.我哥哥比我大3岁。
Li Ming is the oldest of us.李明是我们中间年龄最大的。
提示
elder可同物主代词或定冠词连用，意为“年长者，长辈”，可用复数。
Allen is my elder by three years.艾伦比我大3岁。The elders should be respected.长辈应受到尊重。
139 else和other
1 else意为“另外的，其他的”，作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
mox was ot he pars 出席集会的还有I have nothing else to say.我没有别的什么可说了。
2other表示“其他的，别的”，作定语放在名词前。
If you ask other people,they will say the same.如果你问别的人，他们也会这么说。
I'm busy—we'll have to meet some other time.我很忙，我们只能改天见面了。
140 enough的用法
1enough作形容词用时，可以作表语或定语。作定语用时，enough通常放在名词前，也可放在名词后。
Do you have enough money 你的钱够用吗？=Do you have money enough
He hasn't enough time.他没有足够的时间。=He hasn't time enough.
2 enough作副词用时，必须放在形容词、副词或动词的后面。
The book is easy enough.这本书很容易。He does his homework carefully enough.他做作业十分认真。
She doesn't sleep enough.她睡眠不足。
3enough后可跟for短语或不定式，结构为：enough for sb.:对某人来说足够······
enough+名词+to do sth.:有足够的……可以做某事
形容词或副词+enough+to do sth.:够……可以做某事
I have enough tickets for all of you.我有足够的票给你们所有的人。
This is good enough for me.这对我来说足够好的了。
She has not enough food to eat.她没有足够的食物吃。
There is not enough wind to fly a kite.风不够大，不能放风筝。
The wind is not strong enough to fly a kite. She has enough money to buy a car.她有足够的钱买一辆车。
The ice isn't thick enough for us to walk on.这冰还没有厚到我们能在上面走。
He is not careful enough to do the work.他不够细心，不能做这项工作。
He has read enough to answer your question.他书读得够多了，足以回答你的问题。
141 ever和once
1ever意为“曾经，无论何时”，常用于否定句、疑问句中，也用于表示比较和条件的从句中，可与一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时连用。
Have you ever been to the Great Wall 你到过长城吗？
This is the tallest tree I have ever seen.这是我见过的最高的树。
2once表示“一度，从前”，指从前曾经做过某事，用于肯定句中，常用一般过去时。He once worked in a middle school.他从前在
一所中学工作过。
She once wanted to be a dancer.她一度想当舞蹈演员。
3once也可用于现在完成时中，这时表示“一次，一回”。
I have been there once.我到过那里一次。A: Have you ever been to Hangzhou 你去过杭州吗？
B:Yes,once.是的，去过(一次)。(答语中不可用ever)
142 every表示“每隔”的用
1 every可以表示“每······的，每隔··……的”，注意every结构的中文译法。“每……的”包括原来的基数，而“每隔······的”则不包括原来的基数。
every five people每5个人
every six/sixth weeks每6周，每隔5周
2every other/second意为“每隔一……”。every second day 每隔1天
=every other day
143 excellent, fine, good, nice和well都含有“好”的意思
1excellent意为“优秀的，极好的，卓越的”。
That is an excellent plan.那是一个极好的计划。
She is an excellent singer.她是一位优秀歌手。Animals usually have an excellent sense ofsmell.动物通常有灵敏的嗅觉。
2 fine一般指天气、质量、身体“好，佳”，在口语中表示赞同。
I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天天气好。
A: How are you 你身体好吗？
B: Fine,thank you.很好，谢谢！
3good一般指人的品行好，文学作品的内容好等。
It is a good book.这是一本好书。
A good man may make mistakes.好人也会犯错误。
4 nice表示“好的，愉快的，美好的”。a nice book好书
a nice man正派的人
look nice 相貌 服装好看
nice weather天气晴朗
a nice flower好看的花
a nice holiday愉快的假期
5 well作形容词表示“健康的”，反义词是ill。I hope you are well.我希望你身体健康。
He looks well.他气色很好。
6well作副词表示“好，完全，充分”。He did the work well.这工作他干得很好。She is well over/past fifty.她大大超过50岁了。
提示
well可用作感叹词，意为“啊，哟，好吧，那么”等，表示惊讶、同意。
A:May I borrow your bike 我借用你的自行车好吗？
B:Well, but bring it back by 11 o'clock.好吧，但得在11点钟之前还给我。
144 excuse和sorry
1excuse意为“原谅”，指小错、小的过失，作动词或名词。
Please excuse my bad handwriting.请原谅我字写得不好。
Please excuse me for coming late.对不起，我迟到了。
好些。
2sorry意为“抱歉的，对不起的”，口语常用
词，较随便的表示抱歉的用词。
I'm sotry I must be off now.很抱歉，现在我得走了。
Say sorry to your mother,Andrew.给你妈妈道个歉，安德鲁。
I'm so sorry that I missed your birthday.我很抱歉忘了你的生日。
I'm sorry to bother you.对不起打扰一下。
145 expensive和dear
1 expensive意为“昂贵的，价高的”，指物品等的价格高昂，花钱多。
That's a very expensive camera.那台相机非常贵。
The house is so expensive that we can't buy it.这栋房子很贵，我们买不起。
2dear意为“贵的”，指要价超过正常或公平合理的价格，为英国用法。
I didn't buy the dictionary because it was toodear.我没买那部词典，因为价格太贵。Eggs are very dear this month.这个月鸡蛋太贵。
The price is too dear. (误)
The price is too high. (正)价格太贵了。
146 faint和weak
1faint着重身体非常虚弱，到头昏的程度，但只是一时的、短暂的；faint还表示声音、脉搏等“微弱的”。
He felt faint for lack of food.他饿得快要晕过去了。
I heard a faint sound.我听到了微弱的声音。2weak意为“虚弱的”，指人缺乏或没有足够的力量，也指物不结实，不能用。
I still feel a bit weak after my illness.我病愈后仍感到有点虚弱。
She has a weak heart.她的心脏衰弱。
The shelf is too weak to hold all those books.这书架太单薄，承受不了所有的那些书。
147 famous和well-known
1 famous意为“著名的，出名的，驰名的”，含有称颂的意思。
Beijing University is a famous university.北京大学是一所著名大学。
The Great Wall is famous in the world.长城世界闻名。
提示
be famous for因……而著名
The town is famous for its beautiful buildings.这座小城以其漂亮的建筑而闻名。
2 well-known只作定语，意为“广为人知的，众所周知的”，在其他场合应写成wellknown。well known较口语化，为中性词。It is a well-known company in the world.这是一家世界知名的公司。
It is well-known that China is a developingcountry.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
148 far away, far away from和far from
1 far away表示“远离”，用作表语或状语，后面不可再加名词。
The factory is far away.那家工厂很远。
The school is not far away.学校不远。
2 far away from表示“离某地很远”，用作表语或状语，from后必须加地点名词或here，there等。
He lives far away from the school. (正)他住得离学校很远。
He lives far away school.(误)
He lives far away from.(误)
Is it far away 它离得很远吗？
Is it far away from here 它离这里很远吗？
提示
faraway意为“遥远的”，用作定语。
That is a faraway village.那是一个遥远的村庄。
3far from表示“离某地远”，通常用作表语，from后必须加地点名词或here,there等。It is far from the school to her home.从学校到她家很远。
The hill is far from the city.那座山离这个城市很远。(相当于far away from)
4距离+away表示“在多少里或公里之外”。The factory is 30 miles away.那座工厂在30英里外。
5距离+(away) from+地点名词或here,there等表示“离某地有多远”。
The school is two miles (away) from my home.那所学校离我家2英里。
The city is about 200 kilometers (away) fromhere.那座城市离这里大约200公里。
6距离+by train/by bus/by ship/by plane表示“乘火车/乘汽车/乘船/乘飞机去某地有多远”。
Beijing is about 1,000 kilometers by train
(from here).(从这里)乘火车去北京大约1000公里。
Hangzhou is about 300 kilometers by bus from Nanjing.从南京乘汽车去杭州大约300公里。
7 时间名词所有格+walk/ride表示“步行／骑车/乘车要多少时间”。
The post office is about ten minutes' walk (from here). (从这里)步行去邮局大约10分钟。
(从这里)乘车去扬州需要2个小时左右。Yangzhou is about two hours' ride (from here). (正)
Yangzhou is about two hours ride (from here).(正)
149 farther和further
1far的比较级和最高级为farther,farthest或furtherfurthest；在谈到距离、方向、地点时，可以互换使用。
Three miles is further/farther than two.3英里比2英里远。
The pub is at the farther/further end of theroad.小酒馆在路的那一头。
You will find it a little farther/further on.再往前一点你就会找到它的。
2 表示“更多，进一步，额外”等时，通常
用further,furthest。
I've no further use for this recorder.我用不着这台录音机了。
He needs further information.他需要更多的信息。
150 fast和quick
1 fast作形容词时，指人或物体运动的速度很快。
It is a fast train.这是一列快车。
She is the fastest runner in our school.她是我们学校跑得最快的选手。
2 quick强调动作的突然、迅速或短促，也可指动作的敏捷，指某动作在较短的时间内发生或完成。
John had a guick meal and then went outagain.约翰匆匆吃完了饭，然后又出去了。She walked with short,guick steps.她迈着碎步急促地走着。
The child is quick to learn.这孩子一学就会。Nothing could escape his guick ear.没有什么能逃过他那灵敏的耳朵。
151 fast,quickly和soon都可以表示“快”，但含义不同
1 fast作副词，指动作本身的速度快。
2 quickly指在较短时间内就发生或完成，反
义词是slowly。
3soon意为“不久”，指将来不久就发生某个动作或状况。
The crops are growing fast.庄稼正长得很快。(不用quickly)
She speaks very fast.她说得很快。(不用quickly)
They quickly finished the supper.他们匆匆吃了晚饭。(不用fast)
He will be back soon.他不久就会回来。The Spring Festival is coming soon.春节很快就要到了。
152 fastest和the fastest
英语中形容词最高级前必须用定冠词the，而副词最高级前则可用或不用the，不用的时候更多。
He is the best student in the class.他是班上最好的学生。(the不可省)
She runs (the) fastest of the three.她在3人中跑得最快。
Jim jumped (the) highest of all.杰姆在所有人中跳得最高。
He often goes to bed (the) latest.他经常睡觉最迟。
153 fine和nice
1fine指人的品质“优秀”，人的“身体健康”；fine可指物的“质量精细，雅致”，还
可表示天气的“晴朗”。
He's a fine painter.他是一位杰出的画家。“Is your wife better now ” “Oh,she's fine.”好你大大现在身体好些了吗”“想，她很It is fine wine.这是优质葡萄酒。
I often go climbing on fine days.在晴朗的日子里我常去爬山。
2nice常用于口语，指“好的，宜人的，令人愉快的，漂亮的”。
A nice little girl came out to meet me.一个可爱的小女孩出来迎接我。
It's nice of you to help us.你帮助我们真是太好了。
We had a really nice day at the beach.我们在海滨度过了愉快的一天。
The dish tastes very nice.这道菜味道很美。
154 fortunate和lucky
1fortunate和lucky均可表示“幸运的，好运的”。fortunate指获益于某种境遇、境况。He is fortunate in having a good job.他有一份好工作真幸运。
We are very fortunate to have such goodneighbours.我们非常幸运，有这么好的邻居。
2lucky侧重于偶然或意外的机遇，也指一般的“走运的，幸运的，吉利的”。
Today is my lucky day.今天是我的幸运日。Eight is a lucky number.8是一个吉利的数字。She is lucky enough to have such a daughter.她有这样一个好女儿真是幸运。
155 glad, happy和pleased
1qlad意为“高兴的，令人快活的”，常用词，指人因某事或某物而产生喜悦，常指一时的、短暂的喜悦。glad可作定语和表语，常同at，for连用。
He was glad at/about the news.听到那个消息他很高兴。
I'm glad to meet you here.在这里遇到你我很高兴。
I would be very glad if you could arrange it forme.如果你能帮我安排一下，我将非常高兴。
2 happy意为“快乐的，幸福的”，由于幸福或满足感而产生的快乐心情，持续时间较长，可作表语或定语。
He was a happy child.他是个快乐的孩子。I'll be happy to take you in my car.我将乐于开车送你去。
She was happy that you'd passed your exams.你通过了考试，她很高兴。
3pleased意为“欣喜的，满意的”，表示心情的喜悦、满足。
He was pleased about the results.他对结果很满意。
I'm pleased that you decided to come.我很高兴你决定来。
提示
glad和happy常用来泛泛地表示愉快和乐意，为一种礼貌上的习惯。
I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
be harps todoit for yot.我很乐意为你做那件
156 gold和golden
1gold作名词表示“金子，黄金”。
Gold is found in that valley.那个山谷里发现了金子。
The ring is pure gold.这个戒指是纯金的。2gold有两种形容词形式：gold和golden，含义不同。
(1) gold表示“金质的”。
The old lady wore a gold bracelet.那位老太太戴着一只金手镯。
(2) golden表示“金色的，绝好的”。
golden hair金色的头发
the golden sun金色的阳光
It is a golden opportunity.这是一个绝好机会。The necklace is of gold. (正)这条项链是金的。The necklace is gold.(误) （gold作形容词时，不可单独作表语)
157 good at和weak in等的比
英语中的介词同其他词往往有固定搭配。
比较
good at长于
better at更强
difference between……的差别
different in在某方面不同
different from与……不同
差，弱：
weak in
poor in
go along沿·……走
go across横穿
go through穿过
She is better than Mary at singing.她歌唱得比玛丽好。
He is poor in health.他身体弱。
She is weak in maths.她数学差。
What's the difference between the two pictures 这两幅画有什么差别？
These flowers are different in colours.这些花颜色不同。
158 be good at, be good for, be good to和be bad for
1 be good at表示“善于，在……方面(做得，学得)好”。
He is good at physics.他物理学得好。
We must be good at learning from others.我们要善于向他人学习。
2 be good for意为“对……有益，对……有用”。
Washing hands before meals is good for yourhealth.饭前洗手对健康有益。
The pill is good for a headache.这种药对头痛有用。
3 be good to意为“对·……好”。
She is good to the old.她待老人好。
4be bad for意为“有害于·…··”。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太阳底下阅读对眼睛不利。
159 happy和merry
1 happy是常用语，用得较广。
Those are the happiest days of my life.那是我一生中最快乐的时候。
Happy birthday to you.祝你生日快乐。2merry指“快活的，高兴的”，常表示愉快、快乐的样子。
He is a merry person.他是个快活的人。A metry Christmas to you!圣诞快乐！
160 hard和hardly
1hard作形容词表示“难的，困难的，猛烈的、严厉的，硬的”；hard作副词表示“努力地，刻苦地，牢固地，猛烈地”。
This year's exam is much harder than lastyear's.今年的考试比去年的难得多。
The snow has frozen hard on the road.路上的雪已经冻得很硬了。
She works very hard.她工作很努力。
It's raining hard outside.外面正下着大雨。2 hardly是副词，意为“几乎不，几乎没有，刚刚，一点也不”。hardly可同any,anything,anyone连用。
I can hardly believe it.这简直让我能以置信。There is hardly any money left.几乎没有剩余的钱了。
The day had hardly begun, and he felt tiredalready.新的一天才刚刚开始，他就已经觉得疲倦了。
161 here, in here和there, in there
1 here是副词，意为“这儿，在这里，向这里”。
May I sit here 我可以坐在这儿吗？
Is everyone here 大家都来了吗？
2 in here是介词短语，here这里是名词，作in的宾语。在美式英语中，in here等于here，指一个范围，通常是里面的人对外面的人说的。
Come in here,please.请到里面来。
Your pen is in here.你的钢笔在这里面。
3there意为“那儿，在那里，住那里”。inthere是介词短语，there是名词，作介词in的宾语。
Put the apple there.把苹果放在那儿。
Your knife is in there.你的小刀在那里边。ot are you doing in here 你在那里面做什
162 high, tall和highly
1 表示人、动物或树木的高，要用tall，不可用high。
He is a tall man.他是个高个子。
Elephants are tall animals.大象是很高的动物。
There are some birds in the tall tree.在那棵高树上有些鸟。
2表示山岳或位置在高处，用high，不可用tall。
He saw a high mountain in the distance.他看到远处有一座高山。
The house is high up on the hill.那幢房子高高地在山上。
3 表示建筑物时，用tall或high都可以，而high指更高大宏伟的建筑物。
There are many tall buildings along the street.沿街有许多高大的建筑物。
The high building is Hilton Hotel.那座高楼是希尔顿饭店。
4 tall的反义词是short；high的反义词是low。a tall man一个高个子
ashort man一个矮个子
a high mountain一座高山
a low hill一座不高的小山
“一座不高的建筑物”要说a lowbuilding，不说ashort building。另外，high可用作副词，而tall则不可以。
5表示“价格、速度、时间、温度、程度”要用high，不用tall。
high cost高成本
high temperature高温
at high speed高速度
high blood pressure高血压
6highly是副词，表示抽象的“高”，指程度，常用于某些固定搭配中。
They praised the book highly.他们高度称赞这本书。
People speak highly of her success.人们高度赞扬她的成就。
163 hot和warm
1hot意为“热，炎热”，指温度很高，给人以不舒适的感觉。
He took a hot bath.他洗了个热水浴。
It is too hot to drink.太热了，不能喝。The temperature has stayed hot this week.本星期天气一直很热。
2warm意为“暖和的，温和的”，介于hot与cool之间，给人以舒适的感觉。
The weather is getting warm.天气暖和起来了。
Spring is warm.春天暖和。
Are you warm enough 你(穿得)够暖和吗？
The island is warm all the year round.这座岛上一年四季都暖和。
164 hour after hour表示什么意义
after本意是“在……以后”；在“名词+after+名词”结构中，after用作介词，表示“一个在一个之后，一个接一个”。这类短语通常用作状语，常用的有：
hour after hour一个小时接一个小时
day after day一天又一天
week after week一个星期又一个星期
year after year一年又一年
month after month一个月又一个月
one after another一个接一个
提示
类似的结构还有：one by one(一个接一个)，day by day (一天又一天)，little by little (一点一点地，逐步地)，step by step(一步步地)。165 how many和how much的3种句子结构
how many用于修饰可数名词复数，howmuch用于修饰不可数名词，常用下列3种结构。
(1)修饰主语
how many+复数名词+谓语+其他成分
how much+不可数名词+谓语+其他成
How many students came to the meeting 多少学生参加了会议？
How much money is needed 需要多少钱？
(2)修饰宾语
how many+复数名词+一般疑问句
how much+不可数名词+一般疑问句
How many books did you buy last month 你上月买了多少本书？
How much money did you lend to him 你借给他多少钱？
(3)作主语
how many of+the+复数名词/代词+谓语+其他成分
how much of+不可数名词/it+谓语+其他成分
How many of the students have gone for the holiday 学生中有多少去度假了？
How much of the meat has gone bad 有多少肉已经坏了？
How much of the work did he do today 他今天做了多少工作？
166 how much还是how
many——怎样询问价格
英语中询问价格，要用how much，相当于how much money，不可用how many。用how much询问价格时，句中主语可以是单数名词或代词，也可以是复数名词或代词，谓语动词的单复数要随主语的单复数变化。How much are these clothes 这些衣服多少钱？
How much does it cost 这多少钱？(cost表示“值……”，是行为动词)
比较
How much is the shirt (正)这件衬衫多少钱？How much does the shirt cost (正)
How much cost the shirt (误)
How much is the shirt cost (误)
提示
How much do you want 你要多少？(要的东西一定是不可数名词，如tea，milk,meat等)
How many do you want 你要多少？(要的东西一定是可数复数名词，如eggs,apples，books等)
167 ill和sick都表示“有病的，患病的”
1 ill在句中作表语。
Her mother is ill.她母亲病了。
2sick可作表语或定语。
He has been sick for a year.他已病了一年了。The sick man is in bed.那个病人躺在床上。
提示
sick还可表示“恶心的，厌恶的”。
He felt sick.他觉得要呕吐。
168 indeed和really
1 indeed意为“的确，确实，真正地”，用以加强自己说的话，表示自己确定的意见，或表示赞同、肯定对方的意见。
“Did you hear the explosion ” “Indeed Idid.” “你听到爆炸声了吗？”“当然，我听到了。”
I was indeed very glad to hear the news.我听到这消息的确很高兴。
1really意为“确实，真正地，实在”，表示与事实或现实相符。
I really hate her.我实在恨她。
It's really cold today.今天实在冷。
The room is really too small for five of us.这个房间我们5个人住实在太小了。
He's really interested in gardening.他的确对园艺感兴趣。
169 instead和instead of
1 instead是副词，表示“却，反而，代替”，在句中起转折连接作用。
She didn't wait for him but left for Nanjing gaene iastead.她没有等他，却姓自动身去南He doesn't like her; instead he hates her.他不喜欢她，反而恨她。
You may use milk instead.你可以用牛奶代替。
Let him go instead.让他替代去吧。
2instead of是介词短语，意为“代替”，后跟名词、代词、动名词或另一个介词短语等。instead of还可表示“而不”。
Will you go instead of your brother 你替你哥哥去好吗？
Jim went to work instead of staying at home.吉姆上班去了，没有待在家里。
He went to school on foot instead of by bus.他步行上学，而不是乘汽车。
You should be out instead of in.你应该出去走走，而不要待在家里。
170interested和interesting都是由interest(感兴趣)转化来
1interested是过去分词形式，加-ed的interested具有被动意义，常用于beinterested in结构中，主语只能是有生命的人或动物，不能是事物，意为“对……感兴趣”。
I am interested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。
I found her interested in the film.我发现她对这部电影感兴趣。(interested作宾语补足语)He was only interested in wandering in thehills.他只对在山里漫游感兴趣。
2 interesting是现在分词形式，加-ing的interesting具有主动意义，意为“有趣的，令人感兴趣的”，可修饰人或物，可用作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
He is a very interesting man.他是个很有趣的人。
The film is really interesting.那部电影确实有趣。
I found the picture interesting.我发现这幅画很有趣。(不可用interested。interesting修饰the picture，相当于The picture is interesting.)
I found him interested in the picture.我发现他对这幅画感兴趣。(不可用interesting。interested说明him的情况，相当于He is interested in the picture.)
171 just和just now
1 just可以表示：
(1)“刚才，刚刚”，要同完成时态连用，位于助动词和动词之间；just在美式英语中可用于过去时。
(2)“正好，恰好”，相当于exactly，可修饰多种句子成分，如形容词、副词、从句等，放在被修饰的成分前。
The train has just arrived.火车刚刚到站。
He had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.电话铃响时，他刚睡下。The money is just enough.钱刚好够。
That is just what he said.那正是他说的话。
He is just in need of help.他正需要帮助。2 just now意为“刚才”，用于一般过去时，相当于a little while ago。just now也可表示“此刻，就在现在”，相当于at the moment,在这种意义上可用于一般现在时或现在进行时，可以看作是just修饰now，表示强调。I saw her just now.我刚才看见她了。
He is busy just now.他此刻正忙着。
We are having a meeting just now.我们正在开会呢。
172 last和final
1 last作形容词用，表示同类中的“最后的”，为first的反义词，可作定语或表语，前面通常要加定冠词。
He left on the last day of May.他是在5月的最后一天离开的。
The last time I saw her was three years ago. 我最后一次看见她是在3年前。
She was the very last to leave the office.她是最后一个离开办公室的。
2 last作形容词用，表示“刚刚过去的，上一个的”，只能作定语，后跟时间名词，last前面不可加介词或冠词。
He came last week/last month/last year.他上周/上个月/去年来的。
I met her last Sunday. (正)我上星期天遇见她了。
I met her on last Sunday. (误)
She returned last night.(正)她是昨天晚上返回的。(=yesterday evening)
She returned the last night. (误)
3last作动词用，意为“持续，维持”，以物作主语。
The class lasted 50 minutes.这堂课持续了50分钟。
The holiday lasted from June to July.假期从6月份持续到7月份。
The rain won't last long.雨不会持续很长时间。
4 final意为“最终的，最后的，决定性的”。They made a final decision after two days'discussion.他们经过两天的讨论，做出了最终决定。
The final thing he did before leaving the house was to lock the door.他离开房子前做的最后一件事是锁好门。
173 late, later和later on
1 late
(1)作形容词用，late表示“迟的，晚的”，可作定语或表语，作表语时，常用于be latefor结构，意为“迟到，晚了”。
The train is late today.火车今天误点了。It's not good to be late for school.上学迟到不好。
He left in late autumn.他在深秋时节离开了。
(2)作副词用，late表示“晚，迟”，修饰动词。
He came late again.他又来晚了。
He often goes to bed late.他经常睡得晚。2 later
(1)用作late的比较级，表示“更迟，更晚，以后”。
He arrived later than you.他到得比你晚。
See you later!再见！
I'll go to see you later.我以后会去看你的。
(2)later意为“之后，过后，不久”，常用于一般将来时或一般过去时，放在表示一段时间的名词后面。
They met each other three days later.他
们3天后相见了。
He will come here on Friday and will call on you two days later.他星期五将来这里，两天后去看你。
提示
later不能表示“从现在起若干时间之后”。He will go there two weeks later. (误)
He will go there in two weeks. (正)他两周后去那里。
3later on表示“以后，过后，过些时候”，为副词短语，指不确定的时间，通常用于将来时中，有时on可省略。
We'll talk about it later on.我们以后谈那件事。
I shall ring you up later on.我以后会给你打电话的。
174 less+形容词+than怎样使
less+形容词+than是一种弱比较，意为“不如……”，是more+形容词+than的反义结构。“less+形容词+than”结构常可以同“not so+形容词+as”结构换用。
比较
This book is less important than that one.这本书不如那本书重要。
This book is not so important as that one.
Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.第1
课没有第2课难。
Lesson One is not so difficult as Lesson Two. This film is less popular in China.这部电影在中国并不怎么受欢迎。
This film is not so popular in China.
提示
“less+复数名词或不可数名词”相当于“not somany/much”。
I have less books than you.我的书比你的少。I have not so many books as you.
She has less money than you.她的钱比你的少。She has not so much money as you.
175 likely,possible和
probable
1 likely指从外表、迹象判断可能发生，表面看来大有可能。
The plane is iede to be late.飞机可能晚点Your words are likely to offend him.你的话很
可能会冒犯他。
Snowstorm is likely in the next 24 hours.未来的24小时内可能会有暴风雪。
2 possible指客观上有可能，但常暗示希望较小。
It is possible that he may succeed.他也许会成功。
I found it possible for Mary to do the work.我发觉玛丽可以做那工作。
提示
if possible 如果可能；the best possible 尽可能好的；where/wherever/whenever possible一有机
3 probable指有充分的依据或似乎有充分的理由使人感到有可能发生或实现。
It is probable that she'll have to move house.她很有可能得搬家。
Is it probable to get there in three hours 有可能在3个小时到达那里吗？
Snow is probable this afternoon.今天下午可能会下雪。
176 little, a little和few, a few怎样使用
1little和alittle修饰不可数名词。little表示
“少，几乎没有”，是从否定的角度说的；alittle表示“一些，一点”，是从肯定的角度说的，相当于some。
I have little ink. Please lend me some.我几乎没有墨水了，请借点给我。
I have a little ink, so I can lend you some.我还有点墨水，所以我可以借给你一些。
Would you like a little wine (正)你想喝点酒吗？
Would you like little wine (误)
There is still a little time. Don't hurry. (正)还有点时间，别急。
There is still little time. Don't hurry.(误)(不合逻辑)
提示
little反义词是much(许多)，alittle反义词是none(全无)。little的比较级是less，最高级是least ［l i:s t]
2few和a few修饰复数可数名词。few表示“少，几乎没有”，具有否定含义；a few表
示“有些，一些”，具有肯定含义。
He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。
He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。
There are few students on the sports ground.操场上几乎没有学生。
There are a few students on the sports ground.操场上有一些学生。
3alittle在句中可作状语，而afew则不可。She likes the food a little.她有点喜欢这种食品。
4quite a few相当于many,quite a little相当于much。
He has quite a few friends here.他在这里有许多朋友。
She spent guite a little time reading the book.她花许多时间读这本书。
177 little和small
1 little表示“少”，修饰的是不可数名词，指量。
There's little water in the bottle.瓶子里水不多了。
I have little money left.我剩下的钱不多了。2small表示“小”，尤指面积、数字、度量等。
The room is too small.这个房间太小了。
It is a small country.那是一个小国。
3 little表示“形态小，年龄小”，带有感彩，常有爱怜、赞赏的意味。
A pretty little girl smiled at us.一个漂亮的小女孩朝我们微笑了笑。
The little boy heard his mother and began tocry.那个小男孩听到他母亲的声音，哭起来了。
What a pretty little house!多漂亮的小房子啊！
4 small用于指职位低，身材矮小，强调客观事实，不带感彩。
The boy is small for his age.就年龄来说，这个男孩个子小了点。
178 lots of, a lot和a lot of
1 alot是副词词组，意为“非常，……多”，用于修饰动词、形容词或副词比较级，但不可修饰形容词原级。alot也可用作名词，作主语或宾语。
He works a lot.他干得很多。
I liked the book a lot.我非常喜欢这本书。(=very much)
She is a lot better today.她今天好多了。(=much better)
He did the work a lot more carefully than theothers.他做这项工作比其他人小心多了。I have a lot to do today.我今天有许多事情要
做。
It is very cold today.(正)今天很冷。
It is a lot cold today.(误)
3 注意下面肯定句和否定句的转换：
He hates her a lot.他非常恨她。
He doesn't hate her at all.他一点也不恨她。
Iknow her a lot.她很了解她。
I don't know her at all.我一点也不了解她。
2 alot of和lots of意为“许多，很多”，常可换用，修饰复数名词或不可数名词。
He has a lot of books.(正)他有许多书。He has lots of books.(正)
He has lot of books. (误)
She has alot of money.(正)他有许多钱。She has lots of money.(正)
比较
He has lots of friends.他有许多朋友。
He hasn't many friends.他没有多少朋友。
He has lots of time.他有许多时间。
He hasn't much time.他没有多少时间。
提示
a lot和a lot of可以用quite修饰，但不用very或rather修饰。
It snows guite a lot here in winter.这里冬天多雪。There are guite a lot of students on the sportsground.操场上有许多学生。
179 loud, aloud和loudly
1 loud可作形容词或副词，意为“高声的/地，响亮的/地”，指音量大、传得远的声音，常同talk,speak，laugh等连用。
Please speak louder.请讲得响一些。
Tell the children not to make loud noise.告诉孩子们不要大声吵闹。
2aloud只用作副词，表示“出声地”，但同shout,cry, speak, read等连用时则表示“大声地”。
She read the text aloud.她朗读课文。(不是默读)
The boy cried aloud.那个男孩大声哭喊。
3loudly表示“响亮地，喧闹地”，可同表示发音器官发出声音的动词连用，还可同knock,ring等表示声音的动词连用，并含有喧闹嘈杂的意味。loudly可放在动词前面或后面。
They loudly praised the boy's behaviour.他们高声赞扬那个男孩的行为。
Don't talk so loudly.不要这么大声喧哗。The man cried out loud/loudly.那人大声喊叫。
He shouted as loudly as he could.他放声喊叫。
180 many, much和plenty of
1many后要接可数名词复数(a number of也是同样用法)。
There are many chairs in the hall.大厅里有许多椅子。
She always makes a number of mistakes.她总是犯很多错误。
2much后只能接不可数名词。
There isn't much ink in the bottle.瓶子里没有多少墨水了。
3plenty of后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词(lots of和alot of也是同样用法)。参见有关部分。
He drinks plenty of water every day.他每天喝许多水。
There are plenty of desks in the classroom.教室里有许多桌子。
181 the more,the better怎样使用
两个形容词或副词比较级，前面加定冠词the，各自引导一个句子，中间用逗号隔开，表示“越……就越”；前面的句子相当于一个表示条件或时间的从句。
The more you learn, the better it is.(正)你学得越多越好。
The more you learn, it is the better.(误)(两个比较级都必须放在句首)
The harder you study,the more you will get.你学习越努力，得到的就越多。
=If you study harder, you will get more.
The farther he walked,the more tired he felt.他越往前走，就感到越累。
The less you eat, the thinner you will get.吃得越少，就会越瘦。
提示
注意下面的两个比较级连用，表示“越来越.....”
It is getting colder and colder.天越来越冷了。He is becoming stronger and stronger.他变得越来
越强壮了。
染能s yino higherendtidhe。那只鸟飞得趣
182 more or less的用法
more or less是副词短语，意为“或多或少，
差不多”。
Her words are more or less true.她的话大体上是真实的。
He is more or less tired.他有点累了。
The town is 50 kilometers from here, more orless.那座小城离这里大约50公里。
You are right, more or less.你多少有些道理。
183 most, the most和a most1 most作形容词，表示“大多数的，大部分的”，用作定语，后跟复数名词，指一般的或泛指的人或物。这时，most前不可用定冠词the。
Most people like to watch TV. (正)大多数人都喜欢看电视。
The most people like to watch TV.(误)
Most students are fond of sports.(正)大部分学生喜爱运动。
The most students are fond of sports. (误)
2 most作名词，表示“大多数，大部分”，表示特指的人或物。结构为：
most of+代词宾格
most of+限定词+名词(限定词可以是定冠词、指示代词或形容词性物主代词)
作名词用的most可以表示单数，也可以表示复数，取决于of后的名词。如果most of后的名词或代词是复数，谓语动词就用复数；如果most of后是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词就用单数。另外，这种用法的most前不可加the。
Most of the earth is covered by water.(正)地球的大部分被水覆盖着。
Most of it is covered by water. (正)
Most of earth is covered by water.(误)Most of the earth are covered by water.(误)
Most of his time is wasted.(正)他的大部分时间都