2022年中考英语辨析系列(5)数词易错点精析 正误速辨

数词易错点精析
76 a, an和one
a用在以辅音音素(包括[w] [il)开头的词前；an用在以元音音素开头的词前。abook一本书
an egg一个鸡蛋an
an apple一个苹果an
a teacher一位老师
orange一个橘子
English dictionary一本英语词典
提示
①这里说的音素指发音，即词的音标，而不是词的字母。
②有些词以元音字母开头，但该字母音标的第一个音素是辅音，其前应用a。
a useful[' j u:s fo1] tool一个有用的工具
a university [j u:n I'v3:s at I]一所大学
③有些词以辅音字母开头，但该字母不发音，其前也要用an。
half an hour [a vo] 半小时
an honest [’on I s t］ man一个诚实的人
2a,an和one都可以表示“一(个)”这一概念，但a，an侧重于类别，one更强调数量。It is an apple tree.这是一棵苹果树。
I have only one dictionary.我只有一本词典。(only表示强调，不用a)
3 表示数量形成对比时要用one，不用a或an。
There is only one pencil in the box,not two.盒子里只有一支铅笔，没有两支。
4 连续计数时，用one，不用a或an。
one,two,three,four...一、二、三、四……
5a只能用在表示数字的短语之首。
a/one hundred (and) one一百零一
6表示编号时用one，不用a或an。
They are students in Grade One.他们是一年级的学生。
7 在day, month, week, year, morning,afternoon,evening,summer等时间名词前用one，表示“某天/月······”，不用a或an。
One day he met an old friend in the street.一天，他在街上遇到一位老朋友。
One afternoon I took a walk in the park.一天下午，我在公园里散步。
8表示“每一”的意思，指事物的单位时，要用a或an，不用one。
He comes to see us once a year.他每年来看我们一次。
She takes the medicine three times a day.她每天吃三次药。
I swim in the lake twice g week.我一星期在这个湖里游泳两次。
77 a, one, the one和the ones
1 one基本含义是“一个”，是数词，但也可用作代词，指代上文中刚提到过的单数名词，可指人或物；如果指代的名词是复数，则用ones。
2the one代替特指单数名词，the ones代替特指复数名词。
3one前面常用定语修饰，如果是泛指，说a/an+定语+one，如果是特指，说the+定语tone或the+定语+ones。另外，one或ones
还可用this，these，that和those修饰。
This book is a good one.这是一本好书。(one代替book)
These pens are good ones.这些都是好钢笔。(ones代替pens)
“Which pencil do you want ” “I want the blue one.” “你要哪一支铅笔？”“我要那支蓝的。”(one代替pencil，the blue one表示特指)
“Which books do you like best ” “The ones on the desk.” “你最喜欢哪些书？”“桌上的那些。”(ones代替books,the ones表示特指)“I'd like to buy some apples.” “Whichones ” “Those big red ones.” “我想买些苹果。”“哪种苹果？”“那些又大又红的。”(ones代替apples)
比较
The one on the left looks fine.左边的那个看上去很好。
The ones on the left look fine.左边的那些看上去很好。
78 a second和the second
1a second意为“又一个”，指“先提到一个后，又说起另一个”。
After I bought the shoes,the seller put a
second pair on the shelf.我买了鞋子后，售货员在架子上放了另一双。
The couple have a child and they hope to have a second.这对夫妻有一个孩子，他们希望再有一个。
相同的用法还有：athird，afourthafifth等。2the second意为“第二”，表示先后顺序。The second man to come was a singer.第二个来的是一名歌手。
February is the second month of the year.二月是一年中的第二个月。
3相同的用法还有：the third, the fourth,thefifth等。
79 first, firstly和at first
1first可作序数词、形容词，意为“第一(的)，最初(的)”；first作副词表示“首先”，反义词是last。
Who was first 谁第一？
She is the first girl to come.她是第一个来的女孩。
I'l do my homework first after school.我放学后将先做作业。
提示
1 first放在名词前作定语时，前面要加the;first
作副词或单独作表语时，不加冠词，见上例。2 first还可用作名词。
The first of August is Army's Day.8月1号是建军节。
She was the first in the match.她是这场比赛的冠军。
2firstly是副词，意为“第一，首先”，主要用于列举，常与secondly/ second,lastly/last连用。
Firstly, I believe you are right.首先，我相信你是对的。
3 at first意为“起先，开始”，相当于at thebeginning。
At first she didn't know what to do.起初，她不知道该怎么做。
80 Grade 1和the first
grade——英语中编号的表示法
英语中的编号既可用基数词，也可用序数词，但结构不同。
1名词+基数词(第一个字母要大写)。Grade 1 (=Grade One) 1年级
Lesson 3 (=Lesson Three)第3课
World War I (=World War One)第一次世界大战
Class 2 (=Class Two)2班
Row4 (=Row Four)第4排
2the+序数词+名词(第一个字母要小写，但专有名词除外)。
the first grade
the third lesson
the Second World War
the second class
the fourth row
提示
如果表示编号的名词短语是专有名词，则要用“名词+基数词”结构。
第1中学：Number 1 Middle School
第3册教师用书：Teacher's Book 3
第2册学生用书：Student's Book 2
第5单元：Unit 5
81hundreds of还是hundredof——数词的概指与确指怎样表
1 hundred (百)，thousand (千)和million(百万)这几个词，前面有具体数词，表示确指数目时，要用单数形式，后面也不可用
of短语；前面没有具体数词，表示概指时，要用复数形式，后面加of短语，结构为：
确指数词+hundred/ thousand/ million+被修饰的名词→····百/千/百万个…·hundreds/ thousands/ millions of+被修饰的名词→几百个/几千个/几百万个······
She has five hundred books.她有500本书。(确指)
She has hundreds of books.她有好几百本书。(泛指)
Three thousand people were present at themeeting.3000人参加了那次会议。
Thousands of people died in the war.成千上万的人在那场战争中死去了。
Four million pencils were sold out.(正)四百万支铅笔销售一空。
Millions of pencils were sold out.(正)数百万支铅笔销售一空。
Four million of pencils were sold out.(误)Million of pencils were sold out.(误)2 “一百”可以说ahundred或one hundred，一般情况下用ahundred，表示连贯的计数或比较时则要用one hundred。
It will cost about a hundred dollars.它大约要花一百美元。
The boy can count from one to one hundred.这男孩能从1数到100。
The hill is over one hundred meters high.这座小山有100多米高。
提示
dozen(12个)和score(20个)也是这种用法。two dozen pens(正)24支钢笔
dozens of pens (正)几十支钢笔
two dozens pens (误)
four score years (正)80年
scores of years(正)数十年
four scores years (误)
82 one and a half apples和one apple and a half是否都对
汉语的“一个半……”在英语中可有两种表示法：one and a half+复数名词，one+单数名词+a half。注意，这两种结构不同，名词的单复数也不同。
He ate one and a half apples. (正)他吃了一个半苹果。
He ate one apple and a half.(正)
He ate one apple and a half apple.(误)
She gave me one and a half cakes. (正)她给我一块半蛋糕。
She gave me one cake and a half.(正)
她花了一个半小时做作业。
She spent one and a half hours doing herhomework.(正)
She spent one hour and a half doing her homework. (正)
提示
①两个半……，三个半……等类似说法，也都用上面这两种表示法，如：“两个半橘子”是two and a half oranges或two oranges and a half。
2one or two+复数名词意为“一两个……”，如：one or two books (一两本书),one or two days (一两天)，但不可说成one book or two, one day or two。
83 ten minutes' walk——数词怎样用作定语
数词修饰名词是容易掌握的，后面直接跟名词就可以，如：ten minutes (10分钟)，three hours (3个小时)， six months (6个月)，four weeks（4个星期）等。但是，如果“数词+名词”一起用作定语，共同修饰另一个名词，就要注意正确的用法，主要有下面两种。
1数词+名词所有格+被修饰的名词。
It is a ten minutes' talk.那是一次10分钟的谈话。
It is a three hours' walk.那是一次3小时的散步。
It is a four weeks' holiday.那是一个4星期的假期。
2 数词+连字符+单数名词+被修饰的名词。It is a ten-minute talk.
It is a three-hour walk.
It is a four-week holiday.
那是一次6个月的休息。
That is a six months' rest.(正)
That is a six-month rest.(正)
That is a six months rest.(正)(在美式英语中，所有格可省)
That is a six month's rest.(误)
That is a six month rest.(误)
84two meters long还是twometer long——长、宽、高、深的表示法
1长度、宽度、高度、深度的表示法是：数词(one)+量度单位(单数)+形容词
数词(two或two以上)+量度单位(复数)+形容词
That table is two meters long.(正)那张桌子2米长。
That table is two meter long. (误)
The river is 800 meters wide.这条河800米宽。The wall is six meters high.这堵墙6米高。The hill is 500 feet high.这座山有500英尺高。The lake is 20 meters deep.这个湖有20米深。2 注意下面的表示法：
女子800米：the girls' 800 meters或 the women's 800 meters
男子800米：the boys' 800 meters或the men's800 meters
85 two-thirds还是two-
third——分数的正确表示法
1分数表示法是：
分子→基数词
分母→序数词
如果分子是1，分母就用单数，如果分子是2或2以上，分母就用复数。
二分之一：ahalf或one half(二分之一不能说asecond或one second)
三分之一： a third或one-third
四分之一：a quarter或one-quarter
五分之一：a fifth或one-fifth
三分之二：two-thirds
四分之三：three-fourths或three quarters
五分之三：three-fifths
八分之五：five-eighths
2 分数词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是
复数，要根据分数词本身代表的是单数还是
复数而定。
Two-thirds of the snow in the fields hasmelted.田野里三分之二的雪都化了。
Two-thirds of the students in this class areboys.这个班三分之二的学生都是男生。
Three-fifths of his money is in this box.他五分之三的钱都在这个盒子里。
Three-fifths of the bikes in the shop are madethere.这家店里五分之三的自行车都是那里生产的。
86 What's...and... 和Howmuch is...and... ——加法的表示法
汉语的几+几等于几在英语中有两种表示法：
What's+数词+and+数词？
How much is+数词+and+数词？
3+5等于几？
What's three and five
How much is three and five
12+15等于几？
What's twelve and seventeen
How much is twelve and seventeen
正误速辨
1老太太买了两打鸡蛋。
误 The old lady bought two dozens eggs.
正The old lady bought two dozen eggs.
评dozen前有具体数词或some, several,many修饰时，要用单数形式。
2三分之一加三分之二等于一。
误 One third plus two third equals one.
正One third plus two thirds equals one.
评英语中用基数词表示分子，用序数词表示分母。当分子为二或二以上的基数词时，分母要用复数形式。
3我昨天买了一本词典。
误I bought one dictionary yesterday.正I bought a dictionary yesterday.
评 a/an强调类别，而one强调数量。从句意看，并非强调数量，故用冠词a。
4 我们已经学完了前3课。
误We have studied the three first lessons.正We have studied the first three lessons.评序数词应放在基数词前。
5这些孩子是在20世纪末出生的。
误 These children were born at the end of the
twenty century.
误 These children were born at the end of
twentieth century.
正 These children were born at the end of the
twentieth century.
6我们将在12点10分吃午饭。
误 We'll have lunch at ten past twelve o'clock.正 We'll have lunch at ten past twelve.
评 o'clock只用于整点，“几点过几分”不可用
o'clock。
7 这是一篇2000字的文章。
误 It is a 2,000-words article.
正 It is a 2,000-word article.
评 在“数词+连字符+名词”构成的复合形容词中，名词要用单数形式。
8她花了一个半小时写那封信。
误She spent one and a half hour writing the letter.正She spent one and a half hours writing the
letter.
评 “一个半小时”要说one and a half hours，要
9 五月是一年中的第五个月。
误 May is the fiveth month of the year.
正May is the fifth month of the year.
10 这所学校大约有800名学生。
误 There are about eight hundreds students in the
school.
正There are about eight hundred students in the
school.
11 我7点55分离开家的。
误 I left home at fifty five past seven.正I left home at five to eight.
评 分钟数（在半小时以内含半小时）+past+小时，表示几点过几分；半小时以上则用to，结构为：到下一个小时所差分钟数+to+下一个小时。
12 你有几支钢笔？一我有3支钢笔。
误 How many pens do you have —I have three
pens.
正How many pens do you have —I have three.评回答how many提问的句子时，通常要省略数词后重复的词。
13 他父亲38岁。误His father is thirty eight.
正His father is thirty-eight.
评表示“几十几”时，十位数和个位数中间要加
连字符。但表示时间的“几点几分”，中间不用
连字符。
14 我曾经去过那儿一两次。
正I've been there one time or two times. (美式英语)
正I've been there once or twice.
评在美式英语中，one time和two times可表示
“一次”和“两次”，等于once和twice。
15 我们的工作已完成一半。
误Our half work is done.
正Halfour work is done.
评 half our work是half ofour work的省略式。
16 “hut”一词中有一个“h”，一个“u”和一个“t”。
误 There is a “h”, an “u”and a “t” in the
word“hut”.
正 There is an “h”, “u”and a “t” in the
word “hut”.
评 h发音为［’et]，为元音音素开头，故用
an。u发音为[ju:]，为辅音音素开头，故用a。
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