2022届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态及常用句型 30道巩固习题（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态及常用句型 30道巩固习题（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-02-27 22:38:44 | ||
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高中英语语法知识点：被动语态
一、熟练转换
1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。
2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once．
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）
（② Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
Where ______ vegetables ______ ？
二、注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
① He told us a story．（变被动语态）
→We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him．
② Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
① This dictionary mustn t ______ from the library．
A．take away
B．taken away
C．are taken away
D．be taken away
② She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态）
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．
4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．
A．be building
B．build
C．be built
D．built
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）
→By whom has the cup been broken？
三、注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构）
The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）
2用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）
四、相关搭配
现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
过去将来时的被动语态: (1（ ）.would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2（ ）.was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
五、动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
1.时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired.
2.谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
His best friend often looks after him.--He is often looked after by his best friend.
3. 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。
动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to（ ）
Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间物直， me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语（ ）
-- I was given a book by Vivian.
--A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）
4.主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主＋及物动词＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。 They call him Louis. --He is called Louis.
5.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
6. 主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth（ ）, notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to.
Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. --He was made to wash the dishes.
7.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
8.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态（ ） 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
9.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
六、使用被动语态“六注意”
1.要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如：
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时（ ）
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时（ ）
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时（ ）
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时（ ）
2.要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式（ ）+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如：
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
3.要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如：
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。
2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。
4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。
The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。
5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。
He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。
6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。
注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如：
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
常见的被动语态的句型搭配
据说..... It is said that ...
据报导.. It is reported that ...
据推测..... It is supposed that ...
希望.... It is hoped that ...
众所周知..... It is well known that ...
普遍认为..... It is generally considered that ...
有人建议..... It is suggested that
习题巩固
1. -What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People
-It's very popular.Millions of families ____by it during that time.（ ）
A. attracted B. are attracted C. were attracted D. were attracting
2. When Tim ___ why he was late for school，he just kept silent.
A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asked
3. The play ______ at the theatre next Sunday.（ ）
A. will show B. will shown C. will be shown D. is shown
4. These apples_______ well because they ______ nice.（ ）
A. are sold;look B. sell; are looked C. sell; look D. are sold; are looked
5. -Alice，you ______ on the phone.
-I'm coming.Thanks.（ ）
A. want B. wanted C. are wanting D. are wanted
6. ---Do you like the new pen
---Yes，it _______ very well.（ ）
A. is written B. writes C. is writing D. has written
7. Smoking _____ in public places in China.（ ）
A. allows B. doesn't allow C. allowed D. isn't allowed
8. Oh，my god!Our house last night.Look at the footprints (脚印（ ） on the floor.（ ）
A. broke into B. was breaking into C. broken into D. was broken into
9. Andy loves playing the piano.He the piano after school very often.（ ）
A. is heard play B. is heard to play C. hears playing D. hears play
10. They can go home as soon as the homework _________.（ ）
A. finishes B. finished C. was finished D. is finished E. is finished
11. I don't think a 14-year-old boy _________________ go to the Internet bar.（ ）
A. allows to B. is allowing C. is allowed D. is allowed to
12. If you see the cartoon film，you will _________ laugh.（ ）
A. be made B. be made to C. make to D. make
13. Great changes in our hometown in the past five years.（ ）
A. have happened B. have taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place
14. Sixteen-year-old to go to an Internet bar.（ ）
A. should be allowed B. shouldn't be allowed C. allow D. are allowed
15. The whole city is fog.（ ）
A. cover with B. covered with C. cover D. covered
16. We are glad to hear that the terrorists ________ by the brave policemen several days ago.（ ）
A. are caught B. were caught C. have been caught D. are going to be caught
17. We are glad that a famous writer ________ to our school to give a talk next week.（ ）
A. invites B. invited C. will be invited D. was invited
18. ________the old camera，the new one is more convenient.（ ）
A. Compare with B. Compare to C. Compared with D. Be compared with
19. A year _____ into four seasons and it has twelve months.（ ）
A. is divided B. divides C. is dividing
20. The 31st Olympic Games __________ in Rio on August 5th，2016.（ ）
A. are held B. will hold C. will be held D. are going to hold
21. Xuzhou Department Store ________in 1911and it has become a cinema in recent years.（ ）
A. build B. is built C. built D. was built
22. ---Don't forget to come to our school assembly(集会（ ）tomorrow morning.
---I won't.I was_______ just now.（ ）
A. reminded B. promised C. allowed D. required
23. Xiao Ming ________to the party yesterday.（ ）
A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. was inviting
24. His arm ______ the chair by the kidnapper(绑匪（ ）.The only way to escape(逃脱（ ） was to break the rope ______.（ ）
A. was tied to; as faster as he could
B. was tied to; as fast as he could
C. was tying to; as fast as possible
D. was tying to; as faster as possible
25. -Do you know Mother's Day
-Certainly，it is popular and it ________ formally in the US in 1914.（ ）
A. celebrated B. was celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrating
26. Lucy had a traffic accident on her way home.Luckily，she ___________，just got scared.（ ）
A. didn't hurt B. wasn't hurt C. was hurt D. hurt
27. Our school __________ in 1920.（ ）
A. found B. was found C. was founded D. founded
28. The International Kite Festival____________ in Weifang every year.（ ）
A. holds B. held C. is held D. was held
29. -Excuse me，sir.When can we have a swim in the pool
-Not until it next month.（ ）
A. repairs B. will repair C. is repaired D. will be repaired
30. -Another bridge ________ over the river in several years.
-I've heard about it.（ ）
are built B. will be built C. has built D. is built
习题答案
1.答案：C 根据上文你认为最新的电视剧《人民的名义》怎么样 推测下文的意思是亿万家庭被吸引了，结合时间状语during that time是表示过去的时间，故是一般过去式的被动关系，其构成是was/were+done，亿万家庭是复数，故选C.
答案：A 结合选项中的ask 一词并结合句意可判断出Tim 是被问的对象，是谓语动词ask 的动作承受者，所以此处应该用被动语态，其结构为be+动词的过去分词;又由于后面主句中的关键词kept，所以主从句的时态要保持一致要用一般过去时，意为过去发生的事.综合以上的分析，可知此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，因为主语是单数Tim，所以be 变为was 加ask 的过去分词asked.故选A.
3.答案：C.根据题干可知，主语the play是动作show的承受者，和动词构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.被动语态的结构是"be+过去分词".根据句中的next Sunday可知，应该用一般将来时.一般将来时态的被动语态的构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词，故选C.
.
4.句意：这些苹果卖的很好，因为看起来好看。表达的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语apples复数，sell卖，用主动表示被动，look是系动词，故答案是C。
这里考的是系动词的用法， 系动词 + 副词/形容词结构 ，主动表示被动。
5.答案D 根据you ______ on the phone及结合选项，可知you是谓语动词want的动作承受者，所以表被动;根据"I am coming"，可知此处需用一般现在时被动语态，"am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词"，want为一般现在时原形，wanted为过去式，are wanting为现在进行时，are wanted为一般现在时的被动语态.故答案选D.
6.答案：B.根据题干可知，主语it(the new pen（ ）和动作write的执行者(使动者（ ），构成主动关系，应用主动语态.又根据句意，是描述钢笔的书写情况，应用一般现在时.故选B.
7.正确答案：D.根据题干可知在中国，公共场所不允许吸烟，其中主语smoking和谓语allow是被动关系，且是对现在情况的描述，则本句应用一般现在时的被动语态，即主语+is/am/are+done，故选择D.
8.答案：D.考查被动语态.句意"啊，天哪!昨晚我们的房子被闯入了.看看地板上的脚印.".A过去式.B过去进行时态.C过去分词.D一般过去时态的被动语态.由last night昨晚，可知，是一般过去时态，因此B，C不正确.主语house房子.是动词短语break into的承受者，表示被闯入.用一般过去时态的被动语态.结构是was/were+动词的过去分词.主语house单数，was.break的过去分词是broken.答案是D.
9.答案：B.考查被动语态.句意"安迪喜欢弹钢琴，放学后经常听到他弹钢琴.".hear sb doing sth"听见某人正在做某事".hear sb do sth"听见某人做了某事".主语he他，这里是动作hear听到的承受者，表示被听到弹钢琴，用被动语态.由very often经常，可知是一般现在时态的被动语态，结构是is/am/are+动词的过去分词.主语he他，第三人称单数.用is.hear的过去分词是heard.被动语态中hear后的不定式to不能省略.答案是B.
10.答案：D分析句子结构可知该句为含有as soon as 引导的时间状语从句的复合句，根据主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，可确定时间状语从句的时态为一般现在时，结合选项可知从句的谓语动词为finish，根据从句的主语the homework 是谓语动词finish的承受者二者形成被动关系故确定为被动语态，故从句的谓语动词为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为is/am/are+过去分词，又知homework为不可数名词只有单数形式，故助动词为is，finish的过去分词为finished，故填is finished，故选D
11.答案：D.考查被动语态.句意"我认为一个14岁的男孩是不允许去网吧的.".注意boy男孩.是动作allow允许，的承受者，表示被允许，被动语态.一般现在时态，结构是is/am/are+动词的过去分词.因此A，B不正确.be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事.C不正确.答案是D.
12.答案：B 根据If you see the cartoon film，you will _________ laugh可知主句中主语you是动作的承受者，和动词make构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.句中是一般将来时，一般将来时态的被动语态的构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词，故排除C，D，又因为make是使役动词，在主动语态中常见make sb do sth 使某人干某事，而在被动语态中要补上在主动语态中省略的to，故选B
13.答案：B.happen 和take place都有"发生"的意思，但是happen一般是用"偶然发生或突发事件"中，而take place一般是指非偶然发生的事件，这些事件一般是有安排和计划的，存在一定的必然性;这两者一般都不用被动语态.故排除CD.根据in th past five years可知，这种巨变不是偶然的，应用take place.故选B.
14.答案：B.根据题干可知，主语Sixteen-year-olds 是动作allow的承受者，和动词构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.被动语态的结构是"be+过去分词";根据句意可知，应是不应该被允许，应用shouldn't.故选B.
15.答案：B根据空格前为系动词is，及关键词fog"雾"结合选项可联想到固定短语be covered with 意为"被…覆盖着"，故填入covered with，故选B
16.根据句中"several days ago"可知此处应用过去时;主语"terrorists"与动词catch是被动关系，所以此处是过去时的被动语态.A 一般现在时的被动语态;B一般过去时的被动语态;C现在完成时的被动语态;D将来时的被动语态，故选B.
17.答案：C【解析】考查被动语态.invites"邀请"一般现在时;invited"邀请"一般过去时;will be invited"将被邀请"一般将来时的被动语态;was invited"被邀请"一般过去时的被动语态.根据句意"我们非常高兴那位著名的作家下周将被邀请到我们学校作报告."可知从句应该用被动语态，根据句中"next week"可知句子时态应该用一般将来时，综上所述空中信息应为一般将来时的被动语态(其结构：will+be+过去分词（ ），故选C.
18.答案：C.compare…with…表示"把…与…相比(同类相比（ ）"，compare…to…表示"把…比做…(异类相比，比喻（ ）".根据"the old camera，the new one is more convenient"因此可知这句话的意思是"与老款照相机相比，这个新的要更方便一些."对于照相机来说，是被比较的，所以要用过去分词来表被动，故选C.
19.答案：A.表达的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语it，是动词divide的承受者，故用一般现在时的被动语态be+过去分词，主语三单，故is，故答案是A.
20.句意"第三十一届奥运会将在2016年8月5日巴西里约热内卢举行."。结合语境"在2016年8月5日"，可知，这里用一般将来时态，结构是will或be going to，后跟动词原形.主语是The 31st Olympic Games是动词hold的承受者，因此用一般将来时态的被动语态，结构是will be+动词的过去分词.答案是C。21.正确答案：D.根据句意可知徐州百货商店建于1911年，主语Xuzhou Department Store 和谓语build是被动关系，且in 1911是表示过去的时间状语，则本句应用一般过去时的被动语态，即主语+was/were+done，故选择D.
22.答案：A.首先明确选项中每个单词的意思，A：提醒;B：承诺;C：允许;D：需要;根据题干结合推测下句的句意是"不会忘的，刚才有人提醒过我."，由此判断句子中缺少"提醒"一词，故答案为A.
23.正确答案：A.根据句意可知昨天小明被邀请去参加派对，主语Xiao Ming和谓语invite是被动关系，且yesterday是表示过去的时间状语，则本句应用一般过去时的被动语态，即主语+was/were+done，故选择A.
24.答案：B.主语his arm是动词tie的承受者，结合was用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语his arm，故was，故was tie to the chair绑在椅子上，as…as sb could尽可能的…，中间加原级，故答案是B.
25.答案：B.主语it是动词celebrate的承受者，故用被动语态，结合in 1914可知表达的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语it.故was，故答案是B.
26.答案：B.结合Lucy had a traffic accident on her way home可知是过去的事情用一般过去时，受伤be hurt，主语she，故was，结合just got scared可知是没有受伤，故答案是B.
27.答案：C，结合 in 1920可知表达的是过去的事情，主语our school是found的承受者，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语三单，故was，found的意思为建立，其过去分词founded，故答案是C.
28.答案：C.根据题干，可知主语The International Kite Festival是动作hold的承受者，和动词构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.被动语态的结构是"be+过去分词";根据句中的 every year可知，应该用一般现在时.一般现在时态的被动语态的构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词;The International Kite Festival是单数，应用is.故选C.
29.答案：C.首先根据语境推测答语的句意是"直到下个月修好了才可以."设空处所在的句子是until引导的时间状语从句，一般现在时表将来，主语 it(the pool（ ）是动作repair 的承受者，所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，故选C.
30.答案：B 首先由in several years在几年之后可知应该用一般将来时态，一般将来时的构成为be going to/will+动词原形，又bridge桥与build建造之间是被动的关系，即一般将来时的被动语态，因此用will be built，故选B
一、熟练转换
1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。
2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once．
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）
（② Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
Where ______ vegetables ______ ？
二、注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
① He told us a story．（变被动语态）
→We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him．
② Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
① This dictionary mustn t ______ from the library．
A．take away
B．taken away
C．are taken away
D．be taken away
② She will take good care of the children．（变被动语态）
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（变被动
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．
4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be ＋过去分词”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．
A．be building
B．build
C．be built
D．built
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）
→By whom has the cup been broken？
三、注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构）
The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）
2用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
He was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn t know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）
四、相关搭配
现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
过去将来时的被动语态: (1（ ）.would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2（ ）.was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
五、动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
1.时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired.
2.谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
His best friend often looks after him.--He is often looked after by his best friend.
3. 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。
动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to（ ）
Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语，人间物直， me为间接宾语，a book 为直接宾语（ ）
-- I was given a book by Vivian.
--A book was given to me by Vivian.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）
4.主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主＋及物动词＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。 They call him Louis. --He is called Louis.
5.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
6. 主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth（ ）, notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to.
Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. --He was made to wash the dishes.
7.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
8.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态（ ） 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
9.It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
六、使用被动语态“六注意”
1.要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如：
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时（ ）
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时（ ）
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时（ ）
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时（ ）
2.要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式（ ）+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如：
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
3.要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如：
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。
2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。
4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。
The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。
5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。
He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。
6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。
注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如：
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
常见的被动语态的句型搭配
据说..... It is said that ...
据报导.. It is reported that ...
据推测..... It is supposed that ...
希望.... It is hoped that ...
众所周知..... It is well known that ...
普遍认为..... It is generally considered that ...
有人建议..... It is suggested that
习题巩固
1. -What do you think of the latest TV play the Name of People
-It's very popular.Millions of families ____by it during that time.（ ）
A. attracted B. are attracted C. were attracted D. were attracting
2. When Tim ___ why he was late for school，he just kept silent.
A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asked
3. The play ______ at the theatre next Sunday.（ ）
A. will show B. will shown C. will be shown D. is shown
4. These apples_______ well because they ______ nice.（ ）
A. are sold;look B. sell; are looked C. sell; look D. are sold; are looked
5. -Alice，you ______ on the phone.
-I'm coming.Thanks.（ ）
A. want B. wanted C. are wanting D. are wanted
6. ---Do you like the new pen
---Yes，it _______ very well.（ ）
A. is written B. writes C. is writing D. has written
7. Smoking _____ in public places in China.（ ）
A. allows B. doesn't allow C. allowed D. isn't allowed
8. Oh，my god!Our house last night.Look at the footprints (脚印（ ） on the floor.（ ）
A. broke into B. was breaking into C. broken into D. was broken into
9. Andy loves playing the piano.He the piano after school very often.（ ）
A. is heard play B. is heard to play C. hears playing D. hears play
10. They can go home as soon as the homework _________.（ ）
A. finishes B. finished C. was finished D. is finished E. is finished
11. I don't think a 14-year-old boy _________________ go to the Internet bar.（ ）
A. allows to B. is allowing C. is allowed D. is allowed to
12. If you see the cartoon film，you will _________ laugh.（ ）
A. be made B. be made to C. make to D. make
13. Great changes in our hometown in the past five years.（ ）
A. have happened B. have taken place C. have been happened D. have been taken place
14. Sixteen-year-old to go to an Internet bar.（ ）
A. should be allowed B. shouldn't be allowed C. allow D. are allowed
15. The whole city is fog.（ ）
A. cover with B. covered with C. cover D. covered
16. We are glad to hear that the terrorists ________ by the brave policemen several days ago.（ ）
A. are caught B. were caught C. have been caught D. are going to be caught
17. We are glad that a famous writer ________ to our school to give a talk next week.（ ）
A. invites B. invited C. will be invited D. was invited
18. ________the old camera，the new one is more convenient.（ ）
A. Compare with B. Compare to C. Compared with D. Be compared with
19. A year _____ into four seasons and it has twelve months.（ ）
A. is divided B. divides C. is dividing
20. The 31st Olympic Games __________ in Rio on August 5th，2016.（ ）
A. are held B. will hold C. will be held D. are going to hold
21. Xuzhou Department Store ________in 1911and it has become a cinema in recent years.（ ）
A. build B. is built C. built D. was built
22. ---Don't forget to come to our school assembly(集会（ ）tomorrow morning.
---I won't.I was_______ just now.（ ）
A. reminded B. promised C. allowed D. required
23. Xiao Ming ________to the party yesterday.（ ）
A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. was inviting
24. His arm ______ the chair by the kidnapper(绑匪（ ）.The only way to escape(逃脱（ ） was to break the rope ______.（ ）
A. was tied to; as faster as he could
B. was tied to; as fast as he could
C. was tying to; as fast as possible
D. was tying to; as faster as possible
25. -Do you know Mother's Day
-Certainly，it is popular and it ________ formally in the US in 1914.（ ）
A. celebrated B. was celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrating
26. Lucy had a traffic accident on her way home.Luckily，she ___________，just got scared.（ ）
A. didn't hurt B. wasn't hurt C. was hurt D. hurt
27. Our school __________ in 1920.（ ）
A. found B. was found C. was founded D. founded
28. The International Kite Festival____________ in Weifang every year.（ ）
A. holds B. held C. is held D. was held
29. -Excuse me，sir.When can we have a swim in the pool
-Not until it next month.（ ）
A. repairs B. will repair C. is repaired D. will be repaired
30. -Another bridge ________ over the river in several years.
-I've heard about it.（ ）
are built B. will be built C. has built D. is built
习题答案
1.答案：C 根据上文你认为最新的电视剧《人民的名义》怎么样 推测下文的意思是亿万家庭被吸引了，结合时间状语during that time是表示过去的时间，故是一般过去式的被动关系，其构成是was/were+done，亿万家庭是复数，故选C.
答案：A 结合选项中的ask 一词并结合句意可判断出Tim 是被问的对象，是谓语动词ask 的动作承受者，所以此处应该用被动语态，其结构为be+动词的过去分词;又由于后面主句中的关键词kept，所以主从句的时态要保持一致要用一般过去时，意为过去发生的事.综合以上的分析，可知此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态，因为主语是单数Tim，所以be 变为was 加ask 的过去分词asked.故选A.
3.答案：C.根据题干可知，主语the play是动作show的承受者，和动词构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.被动语态的结构是"be+过去分词".根据句中的next Sunday可知，应该用一般将来时.一般将来时态的被动语态的构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词，故选C.
.
4.句意：这些苹果卖的很好，因为看起来好看。表达的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语apples复数，sell卖，用主动表示被动，look是系动词，故答案是C。
这里考的是系动词的用法， 系动词 + 副词/形容词结构 ，主动表示被动。
5.答案D 根据you ______ on the phone及结合选项，可知you是谓语动词want的动作承受者，所以表被动;根据"I am coming"，可知此处需用一般现在时被动语态，"am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词"，want为一般现在时原形，wanted为过去式，are wanting为现在进行时，are wanted为一般现在时的被动语态.故答案选D.
6.答案：B.根据题干可知，主语it(the new pen（ ）和动作write的执行者(使动者（ ），构成主动关系，应用主动语态.又根据句意，是描述钢笔的书写情况，应用一般现在时.故选B.
7.正确答案：D.根据题干可知在中国，公共场所不允许吸烟，其中主语smoking和谓语allow是被动关系，且是对现在情况的描述，则本句应用一般现在时的被动语态，即主语+is/am/are+done，故选择D.
8.答案：D.考查被动语态.句意"啊，天哪!昨晚我们的房子被闯入了.看看地板上的脚印.".A过去式.B过去进行时态.C过去分词.D一般过去时态的被动语态.由last night昨晚，可知，是一般过去时态，因此B，C不正确.主语house房子.是动词短语break into的承受者，表示被闯入.用一般过去时态的被动语态.结构是was/were+动词的过去分词.主语house单数，was.break的过去分词是broken.答案是D.
9.答案：B.考查被动语态.句意"安迪喜欢弹钢琴，放学后经常听到他弹钢琴.".hear sb doing sth"听见某人正在做某事".hear sb do sth"听见某人做了某事".主语he他，这里是动作hear听到的承受者，表示被听到弹钢琴，用被动语态.由very often经常，可知是一般现在时态的被动语态，结构是is/am/are+动词的过去分词.主语he他，第三人称单数.用is.hear的过去分词是heard.被动语态中hear后的不定式to不能省略.答案是B.
10.答案：D分析句子结构可知该句为含有as soon as 引导的时间状语从句的复合句，根据主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，可确定时间状语从句的时态为一般现在时，结合选项可知从句的谓语动词为finish，根据从句的主语the homework 是谓语动词finish的承受者二者形成被动关系故确定为被动语态，故从句的谓语动词为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为is/am/are+过去分词，又知homework为不可数名词只有单数形式，故助动词为is，finish的过去分词为finished，故填is finished，故选D
11.答案：D.考查被动语态.句意"我认为一个14岁的男孩是不允许去网吧的.".注意boy男孩.是动作allow允许，的承受者，表示被允许，被动语态.一般现在时态，结构是is/am/are+动词的过去分词.因此A，B不正确.be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事.C不正确.答案是D.
12.答案：B 根据If you see the cartoon film，you will _________ laugh可知主句中主语you是动作的承受者，和动词make构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.句中是一般将来时，一般将来时态的被动语态的构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词，故排除C，D，又因为make是使役动词，在主动语态中常见make sb do sth 使某人干某事，而在被动语态中要补上在主动语态中省略的to，故选B
13.答案：B.happen 和take place都有"发生"的意思，但是happen一般是用"偶然发生或突发事件"中，而take place一般是指非偶然发生的事件，这些事件一般是有安排和计划的，存在一定的必然性;这两者一般都不用被动语态.故排除CD.根据in th past five years可知，这种巨变不是偶然的，应用take place.故选B.
14.答案：B.根据题干可知，主语Sixteen-year-olds 是动作allow的承受者，和动词构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.被动语态的结构是"be+过去分词";根据句意可知，应是不应该被允许，应用shouldn't.故选B.
15.答案：B根据空格前为系动词is，及关键词fog"雾"结合选项可联想到固定短语be covered with 意为"被…覆盖着"，故填入covered with，故选B
16.根据句中"several days ago"可知此处应用过去时;主语"terrorists"与动词catch是被动关系，所以此处是过去时的被动语态.A 一般现在时的被动语态;B一般过去时的被动语态;C现在完成时的被动语态;D将来时的被动语态，故选B.
17.答案：C【解析】考查被动语态.invites"邀请"一般现在时;invited"邀请"一般过去时;will be invited"将被邀请"一般将来时的被动语态;was invited"被邀请"一般过去时的被动语态.根据句意"我们非常高兴那位著名的作家下周将被邀请到我们学校作报告."可知从句应该用被动语态，根据句中"next week"可知句子时态应该用一般将来时，综上所述空中信息应为一般将来时的被动语态(其结构：will+be+过去分词（ ），故选C.
18.答案：C.compare…with…表示"把…与…相比(同类相比（ ）"，compare…to…表示"把…比做…(异类相比，比喻（ ）".根据"the old camera，the new one is more convenient"因此可知这句话的意思是"与老款照相机相比，这个新的要更方便一些."对于照相机来说，是被比较的，所以要用过去分词来表被动，故选C.
19.答案：A.表达的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语it，是动词divide的承受者，故用一般现在时的被动语态be+过去分词，主语三单，故is，故答案是A.
20.句意"第三十一届奥运会将在2016年8月5日巴西里约热内卢举行."。结合语境"在2016年8月5日"，可知，这里用一般将来时态，结构是will或be going to，后跟动词原形.主语是The 31st Olympic Games是动词hold的承受者，因此用一般将来时态的被动语态，结构是will be+动词的过去分词.答案是C。21.正确答案：D.根据句意可知徐州百货商店建于1911年，主语Xuzhou Department Store 和谓语build是被动关系，且in 1911是表示过去的时间状语，则本句应用一般过去时的被动语态，即主语+was/were+done，故选择D.
22.答案：A.首先明确选项中每个单词的意思，A：提醒;B：承诺;C：允许;D：需要;根据题干结合推测下句的句意是"不会忘的，刚才有人提醒过我."，由此判断句子中缺少"提醒"一词，故答案为A.
23.正确答案：A.根据句意可知昨天小明被邀请去参加派对，主语Xiao Ming和谓语invite是被动关系，且yesterday是表示过去的时间状语，则本句应用一般过去时的被动语态，即主语+was/were+done，故选择A.
24.答案：B.主语his arm是动词tie的承受者，结合was用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语his arm，故was，故was tie to the chair绑在椅子上，as…as sb could尽可能的…，中间加原级，故答案是B.
25.答案：B.主语it是动词celebrate的承受者，故用被动语态，结合in 1914可知表达的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语it.故was，故答案是B.
26.答案：B.结合Lucy had a traffic accident on her way home可知是过去的事情用一般过去时，受伤be hurt，主语she，故was，结合just got scared可知是没有受伤，故答案是B.
27.答案：C，结合 in 1920可知表达的是过去的事情，主语our school是found的承受者，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语三单，故was，found的意思为建立，其过去分词founded，故答案是C.
28.答案：C.根据题干，可知主语The International Kite Festival是动作hold的承受者，和动词构成被动的关系，应该用被动语态.被动语态的结构是"be+过去分词";根据句中的 every year可知，应该用一般现在时.一般现在时态的被动语态的构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词;The International Kite Festival是单数，应用is.故选C.
29.答案：C.首先根据语境推测答语的句意是"直到下个月修好了才可以."设空处所在的句子是until引导的时间状语从句，一般现在时表将来，主语 it(the pool（ ）是动作repair 的承受者，所以用被动语态，一般现在时被动语态的构成是：主+am/is/are+动词的过去分词，故选C.
30.答案：B 首先由in several years在几年之后可知应该用一般将来时态，一般将来时的构成为be going to/will+动词原形，又bridge桥与build建造之间是被动的关系，即一般将来时的被动语态，因此用will be built，故选B