2022年中考英语复习学案 定语与定语从句及练习（无答案）

定语与定语从句
定语是用来修饰名词或代词，以限定被修饰词的性质、特征、数量、状态、类别等。它一般由形容词或形容词短语充当且位于被修饰词之前。定语从句是用一个句子来修饰名词或代词，它由关系代词或关系副词引导且位于被修饰词之后。
（一）定语与定语从句的互换（根据示例把定语改写为定语从句）
示例1：a brave boy a boy who is brave
① an honest student ② a famous scientist
示例2：a beautiful school a school which is beautiful
① a heavy desk ② a long river
示例3：翻译带有定语从句的短语。（先翻译中心词，再把“的”字结构翻译成定语从句）
一所具有100多年历史的学校 a school which has a history of more than 100 years
一位具有丰富教学经验的老师
一件花了我2000元的外衣
一本对学生有用的书
一座能够容纳5000学生的体育馆
一张装满书的课桌
示例4：定语从句的合并：把两个简单句合并成一个含有定语从句的句子。（注意两个简单句中重复的名词或代词） The boy is Tom. The boy is studying in the classroom. The boy who is studying in the classroom is Tom.
We watched the play “ Teahouse”. The play was written by Lao She.
This is the school. I studied in the school five years ago.
Tina is the host of the school’s radio club. The club was started two years ago.
示例5：定语从句的分解：把一个含有定语从句的句子分解成两个简单句。
The man who is standing in front of the school library is the headmaster.
The man is the headmaster. The man is standing in front of the school library.
① Have you seen the magazine which I bought yesterday
② They are the girls who came to my house last night.
③ I’m very fond of the present which you sent to me last week.
（二）引导定语从句的关系代词
用来引导定语从句的连接代词叫关系代词，常用的有1物（which）2人（who / whom）3人和物（that / whose / as）。① 关系代词在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。其中，作宾语的关系代词还可以省略。② whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰另一名词，表示先行词与定语从句的主语是所属关系；whom在定语从句中只作宾语。 ③ that的特殊用法：一般地，that指人时，常可与who / whom互换；that指物时，常可与which互换。但当先行词是all / every / no / some / any / little / much等不定代词、序数词、形容词最高级或被它们修饰时，只能用that；当先行词为指物的不定代词或被the only / the very修饰时，只能用that；当先行词为指人的不定代词或被the only / the very修饰时，多用who / whom；当先行词含有人和物时，只能用that；为了避免重复，句中有who或which时，一般用that或句中有that时，一般用who或which。④ 在定语从句中，关系代词的选择是根据先行词指代的对象及先行词在从句中所充当的成分确定的。⑤ 解题方法：1找（找先行词）2看（看先行词指代的对象是人还是物）3析（分析先行词在从句中所充当的成分）4记（记关系代词的特殊用法）5定（确定关系代词）
【例句赏析】① David was one of the most helpful students (that) we ever had.
② Some of the cities in China (which / that) he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. ③ I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.
She was the teacher who / that taught us English Literature.
I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake (which) I made.
She looks quite like Miss King that / who is the author of a recent best seller.
She is dancing with a man (that / who / whom) we met yesterday in her house.
You can find our house quite easily whose door needs painting.
The students are quite interested in the famous singer and her songs (that) the teacher
introduced. ⑩ The first city (that) they will visit in America is New York.
Ex3. 用正确的关系代词填空。
⑴ The poor man __________________ lost his money just now is called John.
⑵ The songs ____________________ she sang in the concert yesterday sounded nice.
⑶ This is the boy _____________ sister came first in the competition.
⑷ Many visitors __________________ come to Beijing wouldn’t miss the Great Wall.
⑸ This is the village ____________________ we visited last summer vacation.
⑹ Look at that interesting house ___________ roof is red.
⑺ Once upon a time, there was a wise king ___________ name was Edward.
⑻ The factory ___________________ was built in 1960 has been closed.
⑼ Have you ever been to Hangzhou ___________________ is famous for the West Lake
⑽ He has got the news _____________________ we are talking about.
⑾ It’s said that the biggest country _________ he has ever been to is Russia.
⑿ The only present ________ was sent to me yesterday was from my cousin in the US.
⒀ Everything ___________ we have seen in this village is moving and encouraging.
⒁ They spoke highly of the scientist and his great success ___________ they read about in the newspaper. ⒂ The old man and his dog ________ were crossing the road were hit by a car.
Ex4. 把下列各句翻译成带有定语从句的复合句。
⑴ 这是我见过的最漂亮的手提包。
⑵ 他已经借走了我唯一想看的那本杂志。
⑶ 这是我读过的第一本外文书。
⑷ 这正是我在找的那块手表。
⑸ 他就是教我英语的那位老师。
⑹ 他教过的大多数学生已经成了他的朋友。
⑺ 这些书中有一些是他从中国朋友和学生那收到的礼物。
⑻ David就是那个会讲流利的汉语的学生。
（三）介词+关系代词（作宾语）
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可位于关系代词之前，也可位于从句中动词之后。Eg: ① This is the school in which I studied 5 years ago. = This is the school (which / that) I studied in 5 years ago. ② Do you know the man (that / who / whom) I just now talked to = Do you know the man to whom I just now talked （注意划线处的不同）
① 在该结构中，关系代词只能用which指物或whom指人，且不可省略；若介词后的关系代词作定语，仍然用whose。其中，whose+名词可以换成the+名词+of which / whom或of which / whom+the+名词。② 介词的选择：依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配；Eg: Mr. Smith bought a new house _____ which he spent all his money. 依据先行词的习惯搭配（该先行词多为表时间、地点和原因的名词）；Eg: Is this the reason ______ which he comes late 依据句子语意Eg: The gas _______ which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen. / The gas ____________ which we can not live is called oxygen. ③ 介词位于从句中动词之后时，关系代词可以用which / who / whom / that或省略。Eg: Is it the book (which / that) you’re looking for
Ex5. 用正确的“介词+关系代词”填空。
⑴ They are the people _________________ you can turn for help if you are in trouble.
⑵ She prefers the new house, the windows _________________ face south.
⑶ Do you remember the day _________________ you met Lisa for the first time
⑷ I shall never forget the year ________________ he left for Singapore.
⑸ The tall boy _________________ Rose is speaking comes from Japan.
⑹ That’s the pair of sunglasses _____________________ my eyes could suffer great harm from
the sun / _____________________ my eyes could avoid great harm from the sun.
⑺ The boss __________________ department Mr. King worked called at the hospital after work.
⑻ This is the book _________________ I spent￥5 / _________________ I paid￥5 / _________________ I learned a lot / _________________ there are few new words / _________________ Tom often talks / __________________ the cover is blue.
（四）引导定语从句的关系副词
用来引导定语从句的连接副词叫关系副词，常用的有when, where和why。① 关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，分别表时间、地点和原因。 ② 关系副词=介词+which，其中，why=for which；表时间和地点的先行词与介词的搭配非常灵活。③ 表时间、地点和原因的名词充当先行词时，若在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，应选择关系代词that / which。④ the way充当先行词时，若在定语从句中作主语或宾语，应选择关系代词that / which；若在定语从句中作方式状语，应选择关系代词that 或in which或省略不用。⑤ 抽象名词地点化：当先行词为case / point / scene/ spot / condition / position / situation等表示情况、方面、处境的名词时，常用where或in which引导定语从句；occasion充当先行词时，常用when引导定语从句。
【例句赏析】① October 1, 1949 was the day when (= on which) the PRC was founded.
② October 1, 1949 was the day (that / which) I’ll never forget.
③ This is the place where John spent his summer vacation.
④ This is the place (that / which) John visited in his summer vacation.
⑤ Is that the reason why she likes singing so much
⑥ Is that the reason (that / which) she gives you for liking singing so much
⑦ I don’t like the way (that / in which) he works out the maths problem.
⑧ I don’t like the way (that / which) he thinks of to work out the maths problem.
⑨ It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
⑩ We have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel.
Ex6. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
Who is the boy with _________ you were talking a moment ago
I can’t understand the reason ________ you don’t like him.
Give me a reason __________ is different from the one you gave me last time.
The man to ________ he often writes is the editor of a teenage magazine.
This is the magazine _________ I talked about last time.
The teahouse ___________ they met is called “Sweet Home”.
This is the factory __________ we visited the other day / __________ my father once worked.
I’ll never forget the days ___________ I stayed with you / ___________ I spent with you.
This is the reason _______ he came late / ____________ he gave for his coming late.
The supermarket ________ I went to this morning is the place __________ my sister worked
several years ago.
Ex7. 用定语从句完成下列句子。
Jenny doesn’t like (John对她讲话的方式)
We all wanted to know (他跑得这么快的原因)
There are some cases (这台机器不能工作)
She has got herself into the situation (她必须在两所大学之间做出选择)
The doctor says that his disease has reached a point (药物不起作用)
We’ve found a wonder place (我们可以滑冰)
Lily’s mother works in (销售电脑的公司)
Mary feels lucky to live in a country (没有战争)
Please tell me the day (你收到父亲的礼物)
Rose picked up (装有500美元的钱包)
综合练习：给下列各题选择一个正确答案。
1. I planted some flowers in my garden _____ didn’t need much water.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
2. Last night I came across the girl about _____ you had talked. A. that B. whom C. which D. who
3. Do you know the woman _____ dress is green A. which B. that C. what D. whose
4. One ____ has nothing to fear can achieve real success. A. when B. who C. where D. he
5. Do you still remember the company _____ you first worked in
A. where B. there C. what D. which
6. I shall never forget the days _____ we spent on the beautiful beach.
A. when B. what C. that D. who
7. Is there anyone _____ is absent from the class A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
8. They are flying to Hongkong _____ they will stay for three months.
A. what B. where C. there D. which
9. He needs a pencil _____ he can draw a picture of his dog.
A. to which B. on which C. with which D. from which
10. The square _____ he often pays a visit was built in the 18th century.
A. for which B. to which C. by which D. of which
11. This is the girl _____ I gave the photos just now.
A. to whom B. with whom C. on whom D. for whom
12. Surely there is no dictionary _____ you can find everything.
A. in that B. which C. whose D. in which
13. The hotel _____ during our summer vacation stands at the foot of Mount Tai.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
14. This is the zoo _____ we saw the panda the other day.
A. that B. which C. where D. in that
15. Is this the village _____ Ann was born A. at where B. which C. in which D. to which
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（五）非限制性定语从句
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。它们的区别如下：
表现形式 作用 先行词的内容
限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切，与主句不可分开 对先行词起修饰、限定作用，不能省略 一般是名词或代词
非限制性定语从句 与先行词之间常用逗号隔开 对先行词作补充、说明，可以省略 可以是名词、代词或主句的一部分，也可以是整个主句
说 明：1. that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2. 大多数情况下，先行词紧贴在限制性定语从句前面，但有时先行词与定语从句之间会被一些词语隔开，需要根据语意来判断。3. as引导限制性定语从句时常用于such / as / so / the same … as等固定短语中。
① 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可以省略。 ② which 与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1看位置（as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首、句中或句末而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于句末） 2看语意（as 意为“正如”而which意为“这/这个/这些”） 3看语态（as 多用于被动语态中而which多用于主动语态中） ③ 特殊结构：“名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级+of which / whom”在非限制性定语从句中表示整体与部分的关系，其中，of表示所属关系。 ④ 非限制性定语从句与并列句的比较：并列句是指由and, but, or或so连接的两个句子。解题时，先看两个句子之间是否有并列连词，再选择人称代词或关系代词。
【例句赏析】① His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
② He invited me to dinner, which made me happy.
③ He will come to see me next July, when he won’t be so busy.
④ My uncle, who / whom we talked about yesterday, is an engineer.
⑤ He is the person (who / whom / that) I met yesterday.
⑥ Ten people were killed in the earthquake, three of whom (= and three of them) were old men.⑦ There are five teaching buildings in our school, the biggest of which (= and the biggest of them) has six storeys.
⑧ She has a brother who / that is a musician. / She has a brother, who is a musician.
⑨ As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history.
⑩ The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
Ex8. 给下列各题选择一个正确答案。
1. She brought with her three friends, none of _____ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
2. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
3. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, an example _____ is New York. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of _____ are healthy.
A. that B. which C. what D. whom
5. It is reported that two schools, _____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which
6. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom
7. The man pulled out a gold watch, _____ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
8. Is the river _____ through that town very large
A. which flows B. flows C. that flowing D. whose flows
9. We grow all our fruit and vegetables, _____ saves money, of course.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
10. The earth moves round the sun, _____ we all know it. A. that B. as C. which D. and
11. The Forbidden City, _____ is a famous place of interest in China, attracts many visitors every year. A. who B. that C. it D. which
12. Susan broke my favorite cup, _____ really upset me. A. what B. that C. which D. it
13. The photos reminded me of my childhood, _____ I lived with my grandparents in the countryside. A. when B. which C. where D. who
14. I made many friends in university, some _____ are foreigners.
A. in which B. of which C. in whom D. of whom
15. After school, they will go to the park, _____ many different kinds of roses grow.
A. there B. which C. where D. when
（六）定语从句中应注意的几个问题
1. 定语从句中的主谓一致：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。Eg: ① I, who am your friend, will certainly help you. ② Those who have finished may leave the classroom now. 但在“one of +复数名词”后面，定语从句中的谓语用复数而在“the (only) one of +复数名词”后面，定语从句中的谓语用单数。试比较：He is one of the teachers who know Japanese in our school. 他是我们学校懂日语的教师中的一个。/ He is the only one of the teachers who knows Japanese in our school. 他是我们学校教师中唯一懂日语的。（翻译：他是我班去过北京的学生中的一个。/他是我班学生中唯一去过北京的。）
2. 防止定语从句中句子成分的重复：定语从句中的关系词有三种作用，即连接、替代和充当成分。因此，在定语从句中不可出现与关系词重复的成分。Eg: This is the boy whom I saw him last night. (应该去掉从句中的him)
3. 定语从句中介词的位置：关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可位于从句中动词之后（此时，可以省略关系代词），也可置于关系代词之前（关系代词不可以省略）。Eg: 一句多译：这就是我去年居住的房间。
4. 定语从句中的插入语：在定语从句中有时会在关系词之后加入一些插入语，如I think, I believe等，用来表达个人的观点。在解题时，应先除去插入语，再确定关系词。Eg: On the bus I saw a student who I think was your brother.
5. 定语从句中借用先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词前常带有一个限定词，如冠词、形容词性物主代词等。若没有，表明语意不完整，须借助(the) one或(the) ones作先行词。试比较：This is the museum (that / which) you visited the other day. / This museum is the one (that / which) you visited the other day.
6. ① 比较the same…as与the same…that：前者指相似的东西，as不能省略；后者指同一人或物，that可以省略。Eg: This is the same knife as I lost. / This is the same knife (that) I lost.② such / so…as 与such / so…that：前者引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；后者引导结果状语从句，句子语意完整，即that在从句中不充当成分。试比较：This is such an easy question as I can answer. / This is such an easy question that I can answer it.
综合练习：给下列各题选择一个正确答案。
1. The Great Wall is the last place _____ Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
2. The TV play brought the hours back to me _____I was taken good care of in that remote village. A. when B. that C. until D. where
3. They will meet at the same place _____ they met last week.
A. where B. which C. as D. that
4. Oh, the bag! Thank you very much, sir. This is the same bag _____ I lost the other day.
A. which B. like C. as D. that
5. He said nothing at the meeting, _____ was known to us all.
A. as B. that C. which D. where
6. The boy, _____ I worked for ten years, has been admitted to Beijing University.
A. whose father B. in whose father’s factory C. with whom father D. with his father
7. As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, _____ was to become world-famous. A. that B. what C. the one that D. whom
8. Is this research center _____ you visited the modern equipment last year
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
9. Henry set up a club for football fans, _____ he invited all his friends.
A. to which B. to whom C. for whom D. from which
10. If a person _____ doesn’t eat or drink for a few days, he will not stay alive any longer.
A. who B. that C. 不填 D. he
11. Only those _____ knew well could be let in. A. who B. he C. that D. 不填
12. Do you know the boy the dictionary _____ is very expensive
A. of whom B. of which C. whose D. that
13. He has discovered another wonderful breed of rice, _____ of great importance to agriculture.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
14. The stories about this secret person, _____ this is one example, are widely spread among people. A. about which B. of which C. which D. who
15. He was very rude to the Customs officer, _____ of course made things even worse.
A. who B. whom C. as D. which
16. His sister had become a teacher, _____ was what he wanted to be.
A. who B. what C. that D. which
17. He is the only one of the boys of his class who _____ the piano well.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. are playing
18. We are going to spend our holidays in the countryside, ____ lives our uncle.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
19. Don’t do such things _____ you are not sure about. A. than B. which C. as D. that
20. As a driver, the first _____ needs remembering is taking care. A. thing B. that C. what D. /
21. It was really an exciting moment, _____ I spent Chinese New Year with my family.
A. when B. who C. which D. as
22. My hometown is Changning City, _____ is famous for rich natural resources.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
23. Lily is the tallest girl in my class, the height of _____ is two meters.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
24. She got the chance to take part in competition, _____ was her dream.
A. where B. that C. because D. which
25. I wrote a composition about Charlie Chaplin, _____ films I had seen many years before.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
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