2022年中考英语语法--形容词和副词的概念及级别变化

一、形容词和副词的定义
1. 形容词：修饰名词和代词，表示人或物的属性或状态的词。
2. 副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的词。
二、形容词的用法
1. 形容词做表语
如：I got angry. 我变得很生气。
I am afraid of spiders. 我害怕蜘蛛。
2. 形容词做定语
如：That is a wonderful movie. 那是部很棒的电影。
There were some old buildings there. 那里以前有一些老旧的大楼。
3.形容词的位置
1). 关于enough（形容词+enough；enough+名词）
如：He is old enough.他足够老。
I don’t have enough money. 我没有足够的钱。
注意：做题步骤：看清是名词还是形容词，形前名后。
2). 关于不定代词（不定代词后接形容词）
如：Anything new 任何新的事物
Something interesting一些有趣的事
4. -ing形容词和–ed形容词的区别
-ing形容词 主语一般是物 -ed形容词 主语一般是人
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的
exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的
boring 无聊的 bored 感到无聊的
tiring 累人的 tired 感到劳累的
三、副词的用法
1. 修饰动词
如：Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. 昨天一个乞丐敲我门了。
The cat runs fast. 那只猫飞快得跑过。
We often go to school by bus. 我们通常搭公交车上学。
He is always late for school. 他上课总是迟到。
2. 修饰形容词或者副词
如：The cake tastes very good. 那个蛋糕尝起来非常好。
My brother swims very well. 我哥哥游泳游得很好。
四、形容词和副词的区别
1. 形容词变副词
变形 例词
一般情况 加ly careful-carefully
le结尾 le变ly terrible-terribly
辅音+y结尾 去y变i加ly angry-angrily
2.以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly, unfriendly, lovely, lonely, lively…
3. 形容词和副词同形
形副同形 adj.形容词 adv.副词
hard 硬的 努力地
fast 快的 快速地
late 迟的，晚的 最近地
early 早的 提早地
4. so和such的区别
1). so + (不是正常的名词短语) + that； such + (正常的名词短语) + that
做题步骤：画出so/such和that之间的内容；画出的内容是正常的名词短语选such，不是正常的名词短语用so；看名词，知such/ so。
2). so 修形容词，such修名词
such功能很强大，单数复数不可数
但遇many就选so
5. so+many/ few/ much/ little+名词复数或不可数名词
如：so many big apples 如此多的苹果
so many books 这么多书
so few people 这么少的人
so much money 那么多的钱
so little milk 那么少的牛奶
五、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级
1. 规则变化表
构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词在词尾加-er和est tall fast taller faster tallest fastest
以-e结尾的单音节词，只加-r或-st large late larger later largest latest
重读闭音节双写末尾的辅音字母，再 加-er, -est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词把y 改为i, 再加-er, -est happy early happier earlier happiest earliest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more, most important quickly more important more quickly most important most quickly
2. 常用形容词、副词不规则变化表
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad worse worst
much, more more most
little less least
far farther, further farthest, furthest
old older, elder oldest, eldest
六、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级用法
1. 原级
形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。
1). “as…as”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，A+do+as+adj./ adv. +as+B (+do).
如：John is as tall as his brother. 约翰和他的哥哥一样高。
John runs as fast as his brother does. 约翰和他的哥哥跑的一样快。
2). “not as/ so…as”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，A+do(not)+as/ so+adj./adv. + as+B (+do).
如：People are not so honest as they once were. 人们不再像以前那样诚实了。
John doesn’t run as fast as his brother does. 约翰不如他的哥哥跑得快。
2. 比较级
当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：
A + do +形容词或副词比较级+than+B (+do).
如：Bill works harder than Joe. 比尔比乔更为勤奋。
比较级的特殊形式：
1). “越来越……”：比较级+and+比较级
如：He is getting more and more handsome. 他变得越来越帅了。
It is becoming cheaper and cheaper. 它越来越便宜了。
2). “越……就越……”：the+比较级，the +比较级
如：The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
The harder you study, the more you will get. 你学习得越刻苦，你的收获就越多。
3).“……得多”： much+比较级
如：He is much taller than me. 他比我高得多。
He is much uglier than me. 他比我丑得多。
4). 倍数的表达：
倍数：once, twice, three times…
A+倍数+as+形容词/副词原形+as+B
A+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B
如：This box is four times as big as that one.
This book is four times bigger than that one. 这个盒子是那个盒子的四倍大。
3. 最高级
三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词或副词的最高级。其结构是：
1). A + do (+ the) +形容词或副词的最高级+of /in+比较范围
(注意：形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the通常省略)
如：He is the tallest in our class. =He is the tallest of all the students. 杰奇是班上最高的学生。
2). one of +the+最高级+形容词最高级
如：It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一。
3). 用比较级表示最高级
A + be+比较级+than+ any other+单数名词
如：He is taller than any other student in the class. 他比班上其他的同学都高。
否定词+比较级表示最高级：
如：Tom is the tallest student in his class.= No one is taller than Tom in his class.
一、考点：
形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词类。两者的主要区别之一就在于它们所修饰的对象不同。形容词主要用来说明或修饰名词或代词，副词的主要功能是修饰动词、形容词或其它副词，有时可以用来修饰全句。考点主要包括：(1). 形容词和副词在句中的位置；(2). 形容词、副词的原及、比较级、最高级的用法；(3). 形容词、副词构成的一些重要短语及句型。
二、重难点：
1. 形容词的考查重点集中在比较等级、对形容词词义的理解以及形容词的辨析。
2. 副词的考查重点集中在对副词词义的考查、副词的比较等级、副词与形容词的选择、副词的辨析以及副词的变化等，同时也涉及到含有副词的习惯用法和固定短语。
题模一：形容词
例1.1.1写出下列词的比较级和最高级。
tall _________ hot _________ expensive _________ well _________
例1.1.2---I think our chemistry teacher is working hard. He teaches us _________.
---Yes, but he hasn’t come today. He doesn’t feel _________.
A． good; well B． good; good
C． well; good D． well; well
例1.1.3“Do you want _________ ” the shop assistant asked.
A． else anything B． anything else
C． other anything D． else something
例1.1.4They got a Christmas tree and it was _________ ours.
A． so tall as B． so taller as
C． as tall as D． as taller as
例1.1.5E-mailing is much _________ than long-distance calling.
A． cheap B． cheaper
C． cheapest D． the cheapest
例1.1.6用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. This question is very _________, and you can answer it _________. (easy)
2. My grandpa is very strong. He feels very _________. (good)
3. Bob didn’t run so _________ as Jim. (quick)
4. Lucy’s hair is _________ than hers. (long)
5. Look! The little boy is running _________ (fast) and _________ (fast).
6. He is the _________ (busy) worker in our workshop.
例1.1.7We have a lovely room. It’s one of _____ in the hotel.
A．nice B．nicer
C．nicest D．the nicest
随练1.1写出下列词的比较级和最高级。
1. old _________ 2. young _________
3. far _________ 4. good _________
5. heavy _________ 6. many_________
7. slowly _________ 8. fat _________
随练1.2Her mother was out. She stayed at home _________ but she didn’t feel _________.
A． alone; lonely B． lonely; alone
C． alone; alone D． lonely; lonely
随练1.3Will you please tell me _________ in your country
A． interesting somewhere
B． somewhere interesting
C． anywhere interesting
D． interesting anywhere
随练1.4She was sick yesterday, but she is _________ to go to school today.
A． enough good B． enough well
C． good enough D． well enough
随练1.5Don’t just believe the advertisement. That kind of camera is _________ it says.
A． not as good as B． as good as
C． as well as D． not as well as
随练1.6---Which color do you like _________, blue or green
---Blue.
A． good B． the best
C． best D． better
随练1.7It is _________ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon
A． the hottest B． hot
C． hottest D． hotter
随练1.8_________ you work, _________ you can get.
A． The harder; the more
B． Harder; more
C． Less; more
D． Hard; more
随练1.9After becoming a member of Greener China, he feels _________ than before.
A． busy B． busier
C． the busier D． the busiest
随练1.10The movie Batman and Joker is _________ one that I’ve ever seen.
A． more exciting
B． more excited
C． the most exciting
D． the most excited
随练1.11Of all the novels here I like this one _________. It’s not interesting at all.
A． least B． most C． best D． worst
作业1用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Look! It’s raining _________. (heavy)
2. She felt very _________ because she finished the work on time. (happy)
3. The road is as _________ (long) as that one, but it is _________ (wide) than that one.
4. The Beijing Library is one of _________ (big) libraries in China.
5. The more you learn, the _________ (great) knowledge you will get.
6. A good teacher is _________ than thousands of books. (good)
7. Of all the three people, he eats _________ (much).
8. Which is _________ (beautiful) dress of the three
作业2Jack is afraid of flying. He feels _________ before he gets on a plane.
A． surprised B． excited
C． proud D． nervous
作业3It is _________to work out this problem. You don’t need to ask the teacher for help.
A． enough easy B． enough easily
C． easy enough D． easily enough
作业4---Can I help you
---Well, I’m afraid the box is _________ heavy for you to carry.
A． so B． too C． very D． much
作业5Tom didn’t know anything about the paper because he _________ got any time to read it at that time.
A． hardly B． hard C． almost D． nearly
作业6Come here, I have _________ to tell you.
A． interesting something
B． anything interesting
C． nothing interesting
D． something interesting
作业7I don’t work _________ my sister.
A． as harder as
B． so harder as
C． as hard as
D． the hardest than
作业8Which is _________, traveling by air or by train
A． popular
B． more popular
C． most popular
D． the most popular
作业9Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _________ than before.
A． cheaper B． cheap
C． cheapest D． the cheapest
作业10Remember, boys and girls _________ you work, _________ result you will get.
A． The better; the harder
B． The harder; the better
C． The hard; the better
D． The harder; the good
作业11I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be _________ new star in NBA.
A． hot B． hotter
C． hottest D． the hottest
作业12English is one of _________ spoken in the world.
A． the most important languages
B． the important languages
C． most important language
D． the most important languag
1