2022年牛津深圳版英语中考被动语态复习学案（无答案）

被动语态
主动语态与被动语态的概念：
英语动词的语态有两种：
（1）主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者
（2）被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)
例：They speak English. （主动语态）
主谓宾
English is spoken by them. （被动语态）
主谓介词短语
注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。
例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class.
主谓宾
→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.
主　谓　介词短语
⑵Ｗe laughed at him . → He was laughed atby us.
被动语态的结构与用法：
㈠结构：be +done (过去分词)
被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。
　注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。
㈡用法：
　例：①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)
②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时)
③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)
④Ｔhe room must be kept clean.　（含有情态动词的被动语态）
⑤The door is being opened.　（现在进行时）
时态动词的被动形式　　　　例　　　　　　　　句　　
一般现在时 is done　　　　　 He is asked to do this.　　
一般过去时 was done　　　　 The story was told by her mother.　　
一般将来时 will be done　　　 The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
现在进行时 is being done　　　 The novel is being written.　　
三、被动语态的各种句型：
１、Ｔhe song is liked by young people. (肯定句)
２、Ｔhe song isn’t liked by young people　　（否定句）
３、 Is the song liked by young people 　　　（一般疑问句）
４、 Who is the song liked by =By whom is the song liked 　（特殊疑问句）
四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：
方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语
⑵动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态)
⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的
人或物，如果没有必要则省去
例：The man killed a tiger.
→ A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)
五、特殊句型的被动语态：
]⑴含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。
例：①Mother often makes me do some housework.
→I am often made to do some housework by mother.
②We saw him run into the classroom.
→He was seen to run into the classroom by us.
⑵teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。
例：①She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. →I was given a pen by her.
→A pen was given to me by her.
②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.
→I was bought a new bike by my father.
→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
⑶由不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举过两例)
　例：①Ｗe should speak to old people politely.
→Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).
②He took away the box.
→The box was taken away by him.
⑷含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）
　例：①We call him Xiao Ma.
主谓　宾宾补
　　　→Ｈe is called Xiao Ma by us.
②He found the book very interesting. →The book was found very interesting by him.六、没有被动语态的动词：　
没有被动语态的词，表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态
不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear,　die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ...
大多数系动词：be , feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，
smell(闻起来) taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例：①Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。　　②Many changes have happened in our hometown. ③The film lasted for 3 hours.
【专题练习】
一、单项选择题：
( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom
—Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning
( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology ___ in the school hall next week.
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. give
( )3.His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published
( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party
—No, I____.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
( )5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack
—When your homework_______, you can.
A. is done B. was done C. does D. did
( )6. Sixteen-year-olds should not____to drive in China.
allow B. be allow C. be allowed D. allowed.
( )7.The car accident ______ last night.
A. happens B. is happened C. happened D. was happened.
( )8.The book Business@the Speed of Thought ___in 1999.
writes B. is written C. wrote D. was written.
( )9.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ___ Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.
A. was named B. were named C. has named D. have named.
( ) 10. The apple______very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
二、完成句子：
1.去年我们学校建了一个新游泳池。
A new swimming pool ________ ________ in our school.
2. 昨天的会议上问了很多问题。
Many questions __________ ___________ at yesterday’s meeting.
3. 学生们每周都清洁教室的窗户。
The classroom windows _________ _________ by the students every week.
4. 我们每年都种植很多树木和花草来美化城市。
Many trees and flowers _________ _________ every year to make our country more beautiful.
5. 去年，一些大熊猫被杀害了。
Some pandas __________ __________ last year.
6. 它藏得很好，以至于猎人没有看见它。
It hid so well that it _________ ________ by the hunter.
7. 我们将会控制温度，以给幼鸟保温。
The temperature _________ ___________ __________ to keep the baby birds warm
8. 老人们在我们这里受到很好的照顾。
The old __________ __________ ____________ well here.
回顾与巩固
一、什么时候用被动？ 答：当句子主语承受某个动作的时候？
二、被动语态的基本结构是什么？ 答：be + 过去分词。
三、常见的时态下的被动结构：
一般现在时的被动 am / is / are + 过去分词
一般过去时的被动 was /were + 过去分词
一般将来时的被动 will be + 过去分词
现在进行时的被动 am / is / are + being + 过去分词
现在完成时的被动 have / has been + 过去分词
含有情态动词的被动 情态动词 + be + 过去分词
四、完成以下练习：
1. 那些苹果都被他昨天吃完了。 Those apples ________ ________ up by him yesterday.
2. 没有什么事情能够阻止我们。 We _________ ________ _______ by anything.
3. 那些生病的人都被在那家医院拯救了。 The sick people ________ _______ in that hospital.
4. 上个月，很多医生和护士被送去武汉。 Many doctors and nurses _________ _______ last month.
5. 通常，很多人会在三月访问武汉大学。 As usual, Wuhan University _________ ________ by people in March.
6. 有人要送我一台新手机。 A new cell phone ________ _______ _______ to me.
7. 每年，学生们都会种植大量的树木。 Many trees ________ ________ every year.
8. 放心你的宠物们得到了很好的照顾。 Relax! Your pets ________ ________ _______ well.
9. 那些活儿已经做完了。 The work _________ ________ ________ already.
10. 医生和护士们必须被很好地保护起来。 Doctors and nurses __________ ________ __________ well.
11.昨天，他把那些旧玩具都扔了。 The old toys ________ ________ away yesterday.
【被动语态巩固练习】
昨天晚上很多树木被烧掉了。 Many trees ________ ________ yesterday evening.
下周，我们将要建造一个新池子。 A new pool ________ _______ ________ by us next week.
很多ipad被送到孩子们的手上。 Many ipads ________ ________ to the children.
公园里的花不能摘的。 The flowers in the park________ ________ __________.
时间应该花在有意义的事情上。 Time _______ ________ ________ on meaningful things.
到目前为止，这部电影已经被播放很多次了。 This film _______ _______ _______ many times so far.
他们将会被邀请去参加那个会议。 They ________ ________ ________ to attend the meeting.
在那一年，电灯被发明出来了。 In that year, the light bulb ________ ________.
有人昨天看见他爬树了。 He ________ ________ to climb the tree yesterday.
广州将会兴建一个新的飞机场。 A new airport _______ ________ ________ in Guangzhou.